Patent Application
20190023858
The present invention relates to a masterbatch, a resin molding material, a molded body, methods for manufacturing the masterbatch, the resin molding material, and the molded body, and a method for evaluating the masterbatch.
Conventional methods for obtaining a colored resin molded body include mixing a masterbatch containing a resin dispersed with pigments in advance and a resin as a material of the resin molded body to be colored, and thereafter molding the mixture. Such a masterbatch is manufactured by kneading pigments used for coloring and a resin which is the same as or different from the resin as a material of the resin molded body, together with various additives which are added as necessary.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a resin composition using a polyolefin resin, carbon nanotubes, and a specific wax. More specifically, Patent Document 1 discloses obtaining a jet-black tone having a bluish tint and a high degree of blackness by dispersing carbon nanotubes coated with a specific wax into a polyolefin resin.
Meanwhile, conventional resin molded bodies applied with three-dimensional processing sometimes have an impression deteriorated in quality of the outer appearance, thus lacking a sense of uniformity in color, due to an occurrence of a phenomenon of differences in tint, impression, aesthetic sense, and the like felt by a user due to changes in light reflection depending on the angle of view of the user. Bronzing is known as a cause of such a phenomenon.
As a method for evaluating bronzing, for example, Patent Document 2 discloses using a multi-angle spectrocolorimeter to obtain reflection intensity ratios at a baseline of 550 nm and a peak top of 650 nm at a light receiving angle with the highest reflectance in a red wavelength region, whereby, the lower the reflection intensity ratio, the more reduced the bronzing.
Further, Patent Document 3 discloses using a three-dimensional deflection angle spectrophotometric system to calculate chroma of a regular reflection light by irradiating a recorded image with light from a 45° direction and receiving the light at a position of 45° in the opposite direction, whereby bronzing is less conspicuous as the chroma of the regular reflection light is smaller. In addition, Patent Document 3 sets the chroma of the bronze color to C*=√(a*̂2+b*̂2).
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2013-209494
[Patent Document 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2011-144271
[Patent Document 3] Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2013-252698
In recent years, a sense of uniformity in color at a higher level has been in demand in response to enhancements in the users' aesthetic sense. Particularly, in a black resin molded body applied with three-dimensional processing, the reflection of light that is changed due to unevenness of the resin molded body, in addition to the different viewing angles of the user, may cause variations in tint, impression, aesthetic sense, and the like that is felt by the user. Thus, a more uniform jet-black tone is being demanded.
For this reason, a uniform jet-black color at the higher level demanded by users could not be achieved by simply suppressing bronzing.
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventor has obtained a finding that satisfying specific conditions in a masterbatch is effective as a design guideline for solving the above-described problem.
That is, the present inventor has focused on the fact that the cause for the differences in tint, impression, aesthetic sense, and the like felt by a user may be found in variations of a* values and b* values of the received light in the L*a*b* color system, due to change in the position of a light source when irradiating a fixed resin molded body with light. The present inventor has found for the first time that, by establishing a new design guideline for fluctuations of the a* values and the b* values under specific conditions, and by allowing the a* values and the b* values to satisfy certain conditions, it is possible to obtain a uniform jet black color at a high level as a result of a user hardly feeling variations in tint, impression, aesthetic sense, and the like, even through observation of the resin molded body from any angle. The inventor has thus completed the present invention.
The present invention provides a masterbatch containing a black pigment and a masterbatch thermoplastic resin the masterbatch satisfying the following conditions:
(Conditions)
when a resin plate is produced by kneading 100 parts by weight of polypropylene having a melt flow rate of 30 g/10 min (JIS K7210:1999) and a density of 0.9 g/cm3 (JIS K7112:1999) with respect to 3 parts by weight of the masterbatch and subjecting the mixture to injection molding using a mold polished by a coated abrasive with a particle size of #800 (JIS R6001:1998),
a* values and b* values of a surface of the resin plate in the L*a*b* color system satisfy Expressions (1) to (4):
D=[(a* value20−a* value45)2+(b* value20−b* value45)2]1/2+[(a* value45−a* value75)2+(b* value45−b* value75)2]1/2+[(a* value75−a* value110)2+(b* value75−b* value110)2]1/2 (1)
D<4.3 (2)
Δa*<2.5 (3)
Δb*<3.6 (4)
(wherein in the Expressions, a* value20, a* value45, a* value75, a* value110, b* value20, b* value45, b* value75, and b* value110 represent respective a* values and b* values when a perpendicular line is set to 45°, a light receiving unit is set to 90°, and light sources are set to 20°, 45°, 75°, and 110° using a multidirectional illuminating and unidirectional light receiving multi-angle colorimeter
Δa*=(maximum value among a* value20,a* value45,a* value75, and a* value110)−(minimum value among a* value20,a* value45,a* value75, and a* value110)
Δb*=(maximum value among b* value20,b* value45,b* value75, and b* value110)−(minimum value among b* value20,b* value45,b* value75, and b* value110)).
The present invention provides a masterbatch capable of achieving a uniform jet-black color at a high level, a molding material, and a molded body.
The above-described object, other objects, characteristics, and advantages will become more apparent from a preferred embodiment described below, and accompanying drawings below.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. “JIS” is an industrial standard established by the competent minister in response to a report of the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee based on the Industrial Standardization Law and is one of the national standards of Japan. In addition, “#800” indicates a predetermined particle distribution of fine powder.
The light beams sequentially emitted from each of the light sources 210, 220, 230, and 240 toward a resin plate P are reflected by the surface of the resin plate P. Light parallel to an angle of 45° with respect to the normal line among the reflected light beams is received by the light receiving unit 300 and a color in the L*a*b* color system is determined (the position of the light receiving unit 300 becomes 90° in a case where the normal line is set to 45°).
For example, “CE-741GL” (manufactured by Macbeth) can be used as the multidirectional illuminating and unidirectional light receiving multi-angle colorimeter.
Resin Plate
A resin plate is produced by kneading 100 parts by weight of polypropylene having a melt flow rate of 30 g/10 min (JIS K7210:1999) and a density of 0.9 g/cm3 (JIS K7112:1999) with respect to 3 parts by weight of the masterbatch and subjecting the mixture to injection molding using a mold polished by a coated abrasive with a particle size of #800 (JIS R6001:1998).
The resin plate has a flat surface, and preferably has a thickness of 2 to 3 mm.
The a* values and the b* values in the L*a*b* color system of the surface of the resin plate satisfy Expressions (1) to (4).
D=[(a* value20−a* value45)2+(b* value20−b* value45)2]1/2+[(a* value45−a* value75)2+(b* value45−b* value75)2]1/2+[(a* value75−a* value110)2+(b* value75−b* value110)2]1/2 (1)
D<4.3 (2)
Δa*<2.5 (3)
Δb*<3.6 (4)
(In the Expressions, a* value20, a* value45, a* value75, a* value110, b* value20, b* value45, b* value75, and b* value110 represent respective a* values and b* values when a perpendicular line is set to 45°, a light receiving unit is set to 90°, and light sources are set to 20°, 45°, 75°, and 110° using a multidirectional illuminating and unidirectional light receiving multi-angle colorimeter.
Δa*=(maximum value among a* value20,a* value45,a* value75, and a* value110)−(minimum value among a* value20,a* value45,a* value75, and a* value110)
Δb*=(maximum value among b* value20,b* value45,b* value75, and b* value110)−(minimum value among b* value20,b* value45,b* value75, and b* value110))
Here, in conventional methods for evaluating bronzing as disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3, evaluation is made on light which is received when light is emitted from one direction. Therefore, the methods were not sufficiently adequate to evaluate a three-dimensional resin molded body. In addition, the technique disclosed in Patent Document 2 focuses on the reflectance of a red wavelength, evaluating bronzing as being further reduced as the reflection intensity ratio is smaller. That is, the technique evaluates only the redness with respect to light in one direction, and therefore, a uniform jet black color at a high level could not be obtained.
On the other hand, the conditions satisfied by the masterbatch in the present embodiment reproduces a state of a resin molded body actually being used by a user, by changing the positions of the light source in multiple stages. In addition, the conditions satisfied by the masterbatch in the present embodiment focuses on the variable distances of the a* values and the b* values caused by the difference in the positions of light source. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the differences in tint, impression, aesthetic sense, and the like of the molded body and to obtain a uniform jet black color at a high level compared to simply focusing on the Δa* value and the Δb* value.
In the Expressions, D is a sum total obtained when variations of a* values and b* values caused by differences in the positions of the light source are calculated as distances. That is, a molded body having a uniform jet black color is obtained even when the light source and the user is in any direction, for example, even when the user's position for observing the resin molded body is changed or even when the positions of the light source is changed.
D is less than 4.3, more preferably less than 2.5, and still more preferably less than 1.8 from the viewpoint of obtaining a more uniform jet black color.
The difference Δa* between the maximum value and the minimum value of the above-described a* values is less than 2.5, preferably less than or equal to 2.3, and more preferably less than or equal to 1.9. Accordingly, a more uniform jet black color is obtained.
The above-described a* values are preferably within a range of −15 to 15.
The difference Δb* between the maximum value and the minimum value of the above-described b* values is less than 3.6, preferably less than or equal to 3.4, and more preferably less than or equal to 2.2. Accordingly, a more uniform jet black color is obtained.
The above-described b* values are preferably within a range of −15 to 15.
The L* value of the resin plate is preferably less than or equal to 35. Accordingly, a deep black color is obtained. The L* value of the resin plate is measured using an integrating sphere spectrophotometer.
The surface of the mold polished with a coated abrasive with a particle size of #800 (JISR6001:1998) is transferred onto the surface of the resin plate. A well-known method may be used as the method for polishing the mold.
The present inventor has devised a manufacturing method different from conventional methods so that a* values and b* values of the surface of the resin plate satisfy Expressions (1) to (4). Specifically, it is important to properly combine and adjust the following conditions.
(i) Combination of black pigments and masterbatch thermoplastic resin
(ii) Selection of black pigments
(iii) Method for manufacturing masterbatch
(iv) Combination of black pigments and other pigments
Masterbatch
(Black Pigment)
The black pigment may be any inorganic pigment or organic pigment, examples thereof including inorganic pigments such as carbon black, black iron oxide (triiron tetraoxide), black titanium oxide, copper manganese black, copper chromium black, and cobalt black, and organic pigments such as cyanine black and aniline black. A black pigment may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof.
Among the black pigments, carbon black is preferable from the viewpoint of obtaining a uniform jet black color. Examples of carbon black include channel black, oil furnace black, gas furnace black, thermal black, acetylene black, and bone black.
The content of carbon black, with respect to the entire content of black pigments, is preferably greater than or equal to 50 mass %, more preferably greater than or equal to 80 mass %, and still more preferably greater than or equal to 95 mass % from the viewpoint of obtaining a uniform jet black color. The content of carbon black may be 100 mass % with respect to the entire content of the black pigments.
The black pigments are preferably in the form of particles.
The average primary particle diameter of the black pigments is preferably greater than or equal to 5 nm and more preferably 10 nm from the viewpoint of obtaining a uniform jet black color, and is preferably less than or equal to 5 μm and more preferably less than or equal to 1 μm in view of reducing the brightness and obtaining superior dispersibility.
In addition, from the same view, the average primary particle diameter of carbon black is preferably greater than or equal to 5 nm and more preferably greater than or equal to 12 nm. Moreover, the average primary particle diameter of carbon black is preferably less than or equal to 1 μm, more preferably less than or equal to 500 nm, and still more preferably less than or equal to 100 nm.
The average primary particle diameter of the black pigments is obtained through observation using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) to obtain a primary particle image of the pigments, measuring the particle diameter of each of about 200 to 300 pigment particles, and calculating an average value.
In addition, the specific surface area of the carbon black is preferably greater than or equal to 10 m2/g, more preferably greater than or equal to 20 m2/g, and still more preferably greater than or equal to 100 m2/g from the viewpoint of obtaining a uniform jet black color. Moreover, the specific surface area of the carbon black is preferably less than or equal to 400 m2/g and more preferably less than or equal to 300 m2/g, in view of suppressing aggregation of the black pigments to obtain a uniform black color.
The specific surface area of carbon black can be measured according to JIS K6217-2.
The surface of the black pigments may be physically or chemically treated. Accordingly, superior dispersibility is obtained.
(Masterbatch Thermoplastic Resin)
The masterbatch thermoplastic resin (base resin) is used for forming the masterbatch in pellets. Examples of the masterbatch thermoplastic resin include a polyolefin resin such as a polyethylene resin and a polypropylene resin, a polystyrene resin, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyamide resin, a polyester resin, a polybutylene terephthalate resin, and a polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA). These may be used alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be mixed.
From the viewpoint of effectively obtaining a uniform jet black color, a polyolefin resin is preferable, and a polyethylene resin and a polypropylene resin are more preferable.
(Other Components)
Various additives such as pigments other than the black pigments, ester wax, polyethylene wax, various stabilizers such as antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and antistatic agents, flame retardants, and surfactants may be added to the masterbatch within the scope not impairing the effect of the present invention.
The pigments other than the black pigments may be either inorganic pigments or organic pigments. For example, the masterbatch may contain organic pigments including phthalocyanine pigments such as phthalocyanine blue and phthalocyanine green, azo pigments such as azo yellow lake, azo lake red, and monoazo yellow, and polycyclic pigments such as quinacridone pigments, perylene pigments, quinophthalone pigments, and anthraquinone pigments; or inorganic pigments such as ultramarine blue, cobalt, red iron oxide, titanium oxide, nickel titanium yellow, and chromium titanium yellow. One or more kinds of these pigments can be used.
A uniform jet black color can be obtained by appropriately combining these pigments according to the primary average particle diameter, the specific surface area, a* values, b* values, L* values, and the like of the black pigments.
Among the pigments, it is preferable to use a phthalocyanine pigment. In addition, in a case where two or more kinds of pigments are used, a complementary color relation should preferably be achieved. For example, in a case where a red organic pigment is used, a sense of uniformity can be obtained by combining a green organic pigment therewith.
The content of the black pigments is preferably 10 to 100 mass %, more preferably 10 to 90 mass %, and still more preferably 30 to 90 mass %, based on the entire content of the pigments, from the viewpoint of effectively obtaining a uniform jet black color.
The entire content of the pigments is preferably greater than or equal to 15 parts by weight, more preferably greater than or equal to 30 parts by weight, and more preferably greater than or equal to 50 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the masterbatch thermoplastic resin. Accordingly, a uniform jet black color can be obtained. Moreover, the entire content of the pigments is preferably less than or equal to 100 parts by weight and more preferably less than or equal to 80 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of masterbatch thermoplastic resin. Accordingly, the pigments can be favorably kneaded with respect to the masterbatch thermoplastic resin.
Ester wax is used to facilitate uniform blending of pigments. Ester wax having a softening temperature of lower than or equal to about 100° C. is preferable. For example, montanic acid wax, hydrogenated castor oil, and the like which are solids at room temperature are preferable, and an ester of montanic acid and one or more kinds of aliphatic dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,6-hexanediol is more preferable. Examples of commercially available products include a Hoechst's product “HOECHST WAX E” and a BASF SE's product “E WAX BASF”.
In addition, polyethylene wax is used to facilitate uniform blending of pigments. Polyethylene wax having a softening point of lower than or equal to 115° C. is preferable. Examples thereof include those obtained by polymerizing ethylene at a high temperature and a high pressure, those obtained by separating and purifying low molecular weight components of a polyethylene polymer, those obtained by thermally decomposing polyethylene, or the like. Those obtained by polymerizing ethylene at a high temperature and a high pressure is preferable from the viewpoint of improving dispersibility of pigments. In addition, the obtained polymer may be oxidized or acid-modified. Examples of commercially available products include “Hi-wax” manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. and “A-C” manufactured by Honeywell International Inc.
Method for Manufacturing Masterbatch
The masterbatch in the present embodiment is manufactured as follows.
First, a black pigment, a masterbatch thermoplastic resin, and other additives as necessary are kneaded using a standard kneading machine, for example, a banbury mixer, a kneader, or a twin-screw extruder. The black pigment is kneaded into the masterbatch resin at high concentration. At this time, it is possible to control the above-described specific conditions by setting the molding temperature, time, and the rotation speed of an extruder in accordance with the primary average particle diameter, the specific surface area, the blending amount in the masterbatch thermoplastic resin, and the like of the black pigment. Preferably, the molding temperature may be set to 50° C. to 200° C. and the rotation speed of the extruder may be set to 200 to 300 rpm, and more preferably, the molding temperature may be set to 50° C. to 160° C. and the rotation speed of the extruder may be set to 200 to 300 rpm.
Thereafter, a masterbatch is obtained by ejecting a mixture of the black pigment and the masterbatch resin from the die of the kneader.
According to the masterbatch of the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain a uniform jet black color by satisfying the above-described specific conditions. In addition, conventionally, particularly in a case where the light source is sunlight, subtle changes in tint, texture, impression, and aesthetic sense tend to be felt. However, these changes can be reduced according to the masterbatch of the present embodiment. In addition, the above-described specific conditions as indices are adjusted by setting the temperature, time, kneading speed, and the like according to the primary average particle diameter of the black pigment, the specific surface area of the pigment, the blending amount of the pigment in a masterbatch thermoplastic resin, and the like, or combining the black pigment with other pigments. For this reason, it is possible to widen the range of selecting the pigment without being confined to a specific pigment.
In addition, the resin molded body produced using the masterbatch of the present embodiment intends a resin molded body having reduced unevenness in tint, texture, impression, aesthetic sense, and the like that can be visually felt by a user and from which a noble black color is felt even in a case where the reflection of light changes due to the difference in angles observed by a user, unevenness of a resin molded body, or the like. In addition, the uniform jet black color includes colors that reduce the reflection of light and invoke a calm impression by the black color.
Method for Evaluating Masterbatch
The method for evaluating a masterbatch containing a black pigment and a masterbatch thermoplastic resin evaluates the masterbatch according to whether or not the following conditions are satisfied.
(Conditions)
When a resin plate is produced by kneading 100 parts by weight of polypropylene having a melt flow rate of 30 g/10 min (JIS K7210:1999) and a density of 0.9 g/cm3 (JIS K7112:1999) with respect to 3 parts by weight of the masterbatch and subjecting the mixture to injection molding using a mold polished by a coated abrasive with a particle size of #800 (JIS R6001:1998),
a* value and b* value of a surface of the resin plate in the L*a*b* color system satisfy Expressions (1) to (4).
D=[(a* value20−a* value45)2+(b* value20−b* value45)2]1/2+[(a* value45−a* value75)2+(b* value45−b* value75)2]1/2+[(a* value75−a* value110)2+(b* value75−b* value110)2]1/2 (1)
D<4.3 (2)
Δa*<2.5 (3)
Δb*<3.6 (4)
(In the Expressions, a* value20, a* value45, a* value75, a* valuen110, b* value20, b* value45, b* value75, and b* value110 represent respective a* values and b* values when a perpendicular line is set to 45°, a light receiving unit is set to 90°, and light sources are set to 20°, 45°, 75°, and 110° using a multidirectional illuminating and unidirectional light receiving multi-angle colorimeter.
Δa*=(maximum value among a* value20,a* value45,a* value75, and a* value110)−(minimum value among a* value20,a* value45,a* value75, and a* value110)
Δb*=(maximum value among b* value20,b* value45,b* value75, and b* value110)−(minimum value among b* value20,b* value45,b* value75, and b* value110)).
It is possible to evaluate whether or not a uniform jet black color can be obtained according to whether or not the above-described specific conditions are satisfied. That is, since evaluation can be performed using a masterbatch, it is possible to determine in advance whether a uniform jet black color can be obtained without actually manufacturing a resin molding material and a molded body.
Resin Molding Material
The resin molding material contains the above-described masterbatch and a diluting resin.
In addition, the method for manufacturing a resin molding material includes a step of mixing the above-described masterbatch and a diluting resin together with additives as necessary. The mixing method is not particularly limited, and a well-known method can be used.
The diluting resin is a main raw material of the molded body, and is used as a resin for diluting the masterbatch. The diluting resin is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, a polystyrene resin, an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyamide resin, a polyethylene terephthalate resin, a polybutylene terephthalate resin, and a polymethyl methacrylate resin (PMMA).
These may be used alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be mixed.
Molded Body
The molded body contains the above-described resin molding material.
In addition, the method for manufacturing the molded body includes subjecting the above-described resin molding material to injection molding together with additives as necessary. The injection molding is not particularly limited, and a well-known method can be used.
The molded body of the present embodiment achieves a uniform jet black color of a high level. The molded body of the present embodiment can be used in the fields such as electronic, electric, and OA devices, furniture, miscellaneous goods, automobile interior parts which are processed into various shapes and in which the outer appearance is regarded as important. Among them, applications requiring a uniform jet black color is suitable.
Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above with reference to the drawings, this is an example of the present invention, and various configurations other than the above can be adopted.
For example, the masterbatch containing a black pigment and a masterbatch thermoplastic resin and satisfying the above-described conditions can be used, together with a diluting resin, for manufacturing a resin molding material.
The present invention will be described hereunder in more detail using Examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited thereto.
(Pigments)
Pigments used in Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows.
(Production of Masterbatch)
All pigments and LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) (ULT-ZEX 30501J, manufactured by Prime Polymer Co., Ltd.) were kneaded with a twin-screw extruder at a molding temperature of 50° C. to 160° C. and a rotation speed of the extruder of 200 rpm so that the total pigment concentration in a masterbatch became a concentration shown in Table 1, and the obtained kneaded material was ejected from the die to obtain a masterbatch.
The composition of all the pigments is as shown in Tables 2 to 7.
Masterbatches were obtained in the same manner as in Examples 7 and 12 except that the molding temperature was changed to 50° C. to 230° C.
(Preparation of Resin Plate)
First, 100 parts by weight of polypropylene (NOVATEC PP BC03B, a melt flow rate of 30 g/10 min (JIS K7210:1999), a density of 0.9 g/cm3 (JIS K7112:1999), manufactured by Japan Polypropylene Corporation) were kneaded in a continuous twin-screw extruder with respect to 3 parts by weight of the masterbatch, and a resin plate was prepared by subjecting the mixture to injection molding using a mold polished with a coated abrasive with a particle size of #800 (JIS R6001:1998).
The produced resin plate had a size of 80×50 mm and a thickness of 2 mm.
(Measurement)
Using a multidirectional illuminating and unidirectional light receiving multi-angle colorimeter (“CE-741GL” (manufactured by Macbeth)), each of a* values and b* values was measured when a perpendicular line was set to 45°, a light receiving unit was set to 90°, and light sources were set to 20°, 45°, 75°, and 110°.
In addition, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured a* values was set to Δa*, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the measured b* values was set to Δb*.
The results are shown in Tables 2 to 7.
(Calculation of D)
D was calculated by applying the values to Expression (1). The results are shown in Tables 2 to 7.
D=[(a* value20−a* value45)2+(b* value20−b* value45)2]1/2+[(a* value45−a* value75)2+(b* value45−b* value75)2]1/2+[(a* value75−a* value110)2+(b* value75−b* value110)2]1/2 (1)
(In the Expression, a* value20, a* value45, a* value75, a* value110, b* value20, b* value45, b* value75, and b* value110 represent respective a* values and b* values when a perpendicular line is set to 45°, a light receiving unit is set to 90°, and light sources are set to 20°, 45°, 75°, and 110° using a multidirectional illuminating and unidirectional light receiving multi-angle colorimeter.)
(Evaluation)
Evaluation was carried out as follows.
Under natural light (sunlight) outdoors between 10 am and 2 pm in fine weather, as shown in
Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2016-013389, filed Jan. 27, 2016, the whole disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-013389 | Jan 2016 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2016/087922 | 12/20/2016 | WO | 00 |
