1. Field of the Invention
Embodiments of the invention generally relate to an apparatus and method for chemical mechanical polishing of substrates or wafers, more particularly, to a polishing article and a method of manufacture of a polishing article for chemical mechanical polishing.
2. Description of the Related Art
In the fabrication of integrated circuits and other electronic devices on substrates, multiple layers of conductive, semiconductive, and dielectric materials are deposited on or removed from a feature side of a substrate. The sequential deposition and removal of these materials on the substrate may cause the feature side to become non-planar and require a planarization process, generally referred to as polishing, where previously deposited material is removed from the feature side of a substrate to form a generally even, planar or level surface. The process is useful in removing undesired surface topography and surface defects, such as rough surfaces, agglomerated materials, crystal lattice damage and scratches. The polishing process is also useful in forming features on a substrate by removing excess deposited material used to fill the features and to provide an even or level surface for subsequent deposition and processing
One polishing process is known as Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) where a substrate is placed in a substrate carrier assembly and controllably urged against a polishing media mounted to a moving platen assembly. The carrier assembly provides rotational movement relative to the moving platen and material removal is accomplished by chemical activity, mechanical abrasion, or a combination of chemical activity and mechanical abrasion between the feature side of the substrate and the polishing media.
CMP has advanced over the years and is essentially limited to two types of systems that differ in the type polishing media mounted to the platen assembly that contacts the feature side of the substrate. One type of polishing media is a circular stick-down pad, known in the art as conventional CMP polishing material or a standard pad that is bound to the platen by adhesives and uses a chemical composition containing small abrasive particles that is flowed onto the processing surface of the pad to provide mechanical abrasion and polish the substrate. Standard pads typically have a roughened, durable surface and are relatively thicker and less pliable than other types of polishing media. Although this thickness and relative hardness typically results in a longer usable life of the pad, the pad is eventually spent. Replacement is time consuming since the pad must be peeled off the platen, the platen must be cleaned before a new pad is installed, and requalification of the tool is required.
Another type of system is known in the art as a web system or roll format. This system typically uses a relatively pliable, web of material on the rotating platen assembly. The web type material is typically a continuous roll moved from a feed roll and advanced across the platen assembly in a rectangular section to a take-up roll. The rectangular section is adapted to contact the feature side of the substrate and the web material effects mechanical abrasion to remove material. After a number of substrates have been processed, a portion of the polishing surface is spent, and the web may be advanced in small increments at predetermined intervals, e.g., one inch or less, to provide the introduction of a new portion of polishing surface to the substrate. Once this advancement depletes the supply roll, a new supply roll is installed in a manner that takes considerably less time than circular pad replacement.
Therefore, there is a need in the art to combine the durability of a standard pad with the ease of replacement offered by a roll format, and a polishing article that is capable of providing process uniformity in a polishing surface typical of the standard pad.
In one embodiment, a processing article for removing material from a substrate or semiconductor wafer comprises a base film and a plurality of polishing tiles made from a polishing material positioned on the base film and configured to define a plurality of grooves therebetween. The plurality of grooves are adapted to enable fluid flow therein and facilitate delivery and take up in a roll format. The tiles may be polygons, for example, the tiles may be substantially rectangular and adhered to the base film in a cross machine direction that is substantially orthogonal to the machine-direction edge of the base film, e.g., 0° relative to the cross-machine direction. In another embodiment, the tiles may be substantial parallelograms adhered to the base film in an orientation between about 0° to about 50° relative to the cross-machine direction. In another embodiment, the polygonal tiles disposed on the base film may have an upper carrier film adhered in narrow strips to parallel machine-direction edges of the polishing article to counteract delaminating forces.
In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a polishing article for removing material from a substrate or semiconductor wafer comprises the steps of applying an adhesive to a base film, locating a plurality of polishing material tiles adjacent the base film, and joining the polishing material tiles to the base film to form a polishing article.
In another embodiment, a replacement supply roll for a web platen assembly for removing material from a substrate is disclosed comprising a roll of polishing material, the polishing material having a plurality of polishing material tiles, a base film, and an adhesive layer therebetween to support the upper layer on the base film.
In another embodiment, a processing article for removing material from a substrate or semiconductor wafer comprises a plurality of tiles made of a polishing material which define a plurality of grooves therebetween. Each of the plurality of grooves are of a depth that is less than the thickness of the polishing material to define a plurality of tiles that are connected by a portion of the remaining polishing material to form a polishing article for use in a roll format.
So that the manner in which the above recited features of the present invention can be understood in detail, a more particular description of the invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments.
The module 106 generally comprises a loading robot 104, a controller 108, a transfer station 136, a plurality of processing or polishing stations, such as platen assemblies 132, a base 140 and a carousel 134 that supports a plurality of polishing or carrier heads 152. Generally, the loading robot 104 is disposed proximate the module 106 and a factory interface 102 (not shown) to facilitate the transfer of substrates 122 therebetween.
The transfer station 136 generally includes a transfer robot 146, an input buffer 142, an output buffer 144 and a load cup assembly 148. The input buffer station 142 receives a substrate 122 from the loading robot 104. The transfer robot 146 moves the substrate 122 from the input buffer station 142 and to the load cup assembly 148 where it may be transferred to the carrier head 152. An example of a transfer station that may be used to advantage is described in reference to the
To facilitate control of the module 106 as described above, the controller 108 comprises a central processing unit (CPU) 110, support circuits 114 and memory 112. The CPU 110 may be one of any form of computer processor that can be used in an industrial setting for controlling various polishers, drives, robots and sub-processors. The memory 112 is coupled to the CPU 110. The memory 112, or computer-readable medium, may be one or more of readily available memory such as random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), floppy disk, hard disk, or any other form of digital storage, local or remote. The support circuits 114 are coupled to the CPU 110 for supporting the processor in a conventional manner. These circuits include cache, power supplies, clock circuits, input/output circuitry, subsystems, and the like.
Generally, the carousel 134 has a plurality of arms 150 that each support one of the carrier heads 152. Two of the arms 150 depicted in
Typically, a chemical mechanical polishing process is performed at each platen assembly 132 by moving the substrate 122 retained in the carrier head 152 relative to the polishing article 123 supported on the platen assembly 132. The polishing article 123 may have a smooth surface, a textured surface, a surface containing abrasives or a combination thereof. Additionally, the polishing article 123 may be advanced across or releasably fixed to the polishing surface. Typically, the polishing article 123 is releasably fixed by adhesives, vacuum, mechanical clamps or by other holding methods to the platen assembly 132.
Embodiments of the polishing article 123 may comprise a conventional pad material which is generally a polymer that is free of added abrasive particles, for example, polymeric materials currently used by pad manufacturers such as Rodel Inc., of Newark, Del. Embodiments of the polishing material used in the polishing article 123 may utilize a slurry containing abrasive particles delivered to the pad surface to aid in polishing the substrate 122.
The lower guide member 205 is positioned to lead the polishing article 123 from the supply roll 254 to the upper guide member 204. The upper guide member 204 is disposed between the sidewalls 218 such that the polishing article 123 leading off the upper guide member 204 is disposed substantially coplanar, i.e., lies immediately adjacent and parallel to the top surface 260 of the platen 230.
Generally, the take-up assembly 208 includes the take-up roll 252, an upper guide member 214 and a lower guide member 216 that are all disposed between the sidewalls 218. The take-up roll 252 generally contains a used portion of polishing article 123 and is configured so that it may easily be replaced with an empty take-up roll once take-up roll 252 is filled with used polishing article 123. The upper guide member 214 is positioned to lead the polishing article 123 from the platen 230 to the lower guide member 216. The lower guide member 216 leads the polishing article 123 onto the take-up roll 252. The platen assembly 132 may also comprise an optical sensing device 220, such as a laser, adapted to transmit and receive optical signals for detecting an endpoint to the planarizing or polishing process performed on a substrate.
The polishing article 123 is generally moved in relation to the platen 230 by balancing the forces between a motor coupled to the supply assembly 206 and a motor coupled to the take-up assembly 208. An example of an advanceable web assembly is disclosed in FIGS. 2–8 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,503,131, issued Jan. 7, 2003, entitled “Integrated Platen Assembly for a Chemical Mechanical Planarization System”, which is incorporated herein by reference. Alternative and optional drive systems are contemplated by this invention, some of which can be found in the description of FIGS. 3A–7 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,244,935, previously incorporated by reference, not inconsistent with this invention.
Polishing Articles
In the embodiment depicted in
In the embodiment shown in
The tiles 432 may be any shape and dimension to facilitate rolling off a supply roll and onto a take-up roll. The tiles 432 may be cut to a dimension and positioned to leave a lateral portion 436 of the base film 322 exposed, which in this embodiment is transparent to light or electromagnetic radiation. As another alternative, the tiles 432 may be manufactured with a light or electromagnetic radiation transparent portion 436, and then adhered to the base film 322, which, in this embodiment, is also transparent to light or electromagnetic radiation emitted by an optical sensing device 220 (
As in other embodiments, a lateral portion 636 of a transparent base film 322 may be exposed to allow an optical sensing device 220 (
Also shown is an upper film 622 adhered to the upper side of the oblique tiles 632. The upper film 622 is bound by a suitable adhesive 319 as narrow strips on opposing machine direction edges of the polishing article 123, i.e., each machine direction edge of the polishing article 123, preferably in an area of the polishing article 123 that is not employed for polishing. The upper film 622 is adapted to counteract stress and delaminating influences that may be encountered by the oblique tiles 632 as the polishing article 123 is advanced over small radius bends from the supply roll 254 to the take up roll 252 on either end of the platen assembly 132. (See
The oblique tiles 632 may be adhered to the base film 322 in a position that is substantially parallel to the cross machine direction, e.g., 0 degrees, (similar to
In the above embodiments of the polishing article 123, the base film 322 is a plastic material, such as a Mylar® film, that is chosen for flexibility and durability and is of a thickness between about 0.002 inches (50.8 μm) to about 0.012 inches (304.8 μm), for example, about 0.004 inches (101.6 μm). The polishing material 370 is a polymeric material with a hardness in a range of about 20–80 on the Shore D scale, and has an average surface roughness 0.5 μm to about 12 μm dimensioned in a range between about 0.016 inches (406.4 μm) to about 0.060 inches (1,524 μm), for example, about 0.040 inches (1,016 μm). In a one embodiment, the thickness of the polishing article 123 is between about 0.019 inches (482.6 μm) to about 0.060 inches (1,524 μm). It is contemplated that the voids or perforations 532 may be added in combination with the tiles 332, 432, 632 on the polishing article 123. It is further contemplated that the polishing material 370 may form the polishing article 123 without the use of a base film. In this embodiment, the polishing material may exhibit a tensile strength and other mechanical attributes that obviate the use of the base film. The plurality of grooves may be formed in the polishing material to a depth that is less than the thickness of the polishing material to connect the plurality of tiles, thereby forming a polishing article 123 without a base film capable of use in a roll format.
In operation, an empty dowel 775 or used center of a supply roll 254 is attached by appropriate fasteners to the assembly table 710 and the drive assembly 765. A carrier film or base film 322 is supplied from the base supply roll 720 and provided to the gap 726 between the upper pinch roller 740 and lower pinch roller 750 with a layer of adhesive 319 applied from an adhesive spray bar. The adhesive 319 may be a temperature and/or pressure sensitive adhesive that is compatible with the process chemistries of a CMP system. Polishing material 370 is then provided by suitable conveyance to the gap 726 and the pinch rollers 740, 750 are forced together in the direction of arrow 755 which operate to join the base film 322 and the polishing material 370 therebetween. The polishing article 123 is then linearly pushed across the table 710 by roller drive assembly 762 in the direction of arrow 757.
It is contemplated that the polishing material 370 may be delivered to the gap 726 in a continuous roll or in discrete strips or tiles 332, 432, 632 of various dimensions and lined up sequentially prior to entering the gap 726 for subsequent attachment to the base film 322. It is also contemplated that the polishing material 370 may be supplied with perforations 532 (
A supply roll similar to supply roll 720 may be added to the apparatus 700 to supply the upper film 622 to the gap 726, with a suitable adhesive applicator positioned upstream to bind the upper film 622 to the polishing material 370. In this manner, all of the various layers may be joined into one unitary piece to form the embodiment depicted in
After suitable pressure is supplied to the pinch roller assembly 705, the polishing article 123 is wound or rolled by suitable conveyance onto the dowel 775. Once the dowel 775 is filled to a suitable diameter of the polishing article 123, the polishing article 123 is severed adjacent the dowel 775 and the replacement polishing cartridge 736 may be removed and placed into service on the platen assembly 132 as a supply roll 254. At this time, an empty dowel 775 may be affixed to the assembly table 710 and the process may start again.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.
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