Maximizing illumination fiber in an endoscope

Abstract

A stereoscopic endoscope includes a proximal main body, an outer tube extended to a distal end of the endoscope and a pair of optical train subassemblies. Distal and proximal inserts in the distal and proximal ends of the outer tube, respectively, support the optical train subassemblies. First and second optical fiber bundles substantially fill all of the voids between the inner surface of the outer tube and the outer surfaces of the inserts and the optical train subassemblies.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

This invention generally relates to endoscopes and particularly to maximizing illumination provided by stereoscopic or other endoscopes that contain multiple optical channels.

Description of Related Art

FIG. 1 is cross section of a single-channel endoscope 10 constructed in accordance with known traditional methods. In this specific embodiment the endoscope 10 includes an inner tube 11 that contains a single lens train (not shown) to form an optical train subassembly. An outer tube 12 is concentric with the inner tube 11 and forms an annulus which contains optical fiber 13. With this construction the optical fiber 13 fills the annulus, is sandwiched between the inner and outer tubes 11 and 12 and is constrained along the entire working length of the endoscope 10. As the annulus is filled, its entire volume is used to transfer illumination from an external source to an object being viewed at the distal end of the endoscope.

FIG. 2 depicts a cross-section of a stereoscopic endoscope 20 also constructed in accordance with known, traditional methods. In this embodiment, the endoscope 20 includes an outer tube 21 that carries an optical lens train subassembly 22 within an inner tube 22A and another optical lens train 23 within an inner tube 23A. Two optical fiber bundles 24 and 25 are positioned between the outer tube 21 and the optical train subassemblies 22 and 23, and each is enclosed in a sheath 26. This construction allows the optical train subassemblies 22 and 23 to be mounted without interference with the optical fiber bundles 24 and 25. However, the requirement for fitting the optical fiber bundles 24 and 25 between the outer tube 21 and the optical train subassemblies 22 and 23 limits them to a construction that leaves unused voids 28 along the length of the endoscope 20.

As known, when the illumination at the distal end of an endoscope increases, it is easier to obtain a high quality image. That is, for a given optical design image quality is dependent upon the level of illumination at the object being imaged beyond the distal end of the endoscope. As the construction in FIG. 2 does not fill the voids 28 between the outer tube 21 and the optical train assemblies 22 and 23, the illumination level at the object is less than a maximum value. Consequently, in many instances, particularly as stereoscopic endoscopes are made with smaller outside diameters, image quality suffers. Yet such a construction has remained the construction of choice for stereoscopic endoscopes.

SUMMARY

Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide a multiple channel endoscope that maximizes illumination of an object at the distal end thereof.

Another object of this invention is to provide a two-channel stereoscopic endoscope that maximizes illumination of an object at the distal end thereof.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide a stereoscopic endoscope in which substantially all the voids between an outer tube and the two optical train subassemblies carry optical fiber between the proximal and distal ends of the endoscope.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a stereoscopic endoscope in which substantially all the voids between an outer tube and the two optical train subassemblies carry optical fiber and in which the manufacture of such an endoscope is predictable, repeatable and reliable.

In accordance with one aspect of this invention, a stereoscopic endoscope extends between proximal and distal ends and comprises a main body at the proximal end, an outer tube extending from the main body to the distal end of the endoscope, first and second inner tubes, proximal and distal inserts and first and second optical fiber bundles. The main body has an internal cavity and at least one fiber port that passes optical fiber from the exterior of the endoscope into the internal cavity. Each of the first and second inner tubes is located within the outer tube and includes a lens train assembly that extends proximally from the distal end and that is located in the outer tube. The proximal and distal inserts are inserted at the proximal and distal ends of the outer tube. Each insert has a support that positions the first and second inner tubes along parallel paths and that defines first and second voids between the insert and the inner surface of the outer tube. The first and second optical fiber bundles extend from the at least one fiber port through the first and second voids, respectively, to the distal end of the endoscope whereby the voids between the inserts and the inner surface of the outer tube are substantially filled with fiber.

In accordance with another aspect of this invention, a stereoscopic endoscope extends between proximal and distal ends and comprises a main body at the proximal end having an internal cavity and having at least one fiber port that passes optical fiber from the exterior of the endoscope into the internal cavity. An outer tube extends from the main body to the distal end of the endoscope. First and second imaging forming assemblies extend proximally from the distal end in the outer tube. A distal insert at the distal end of the outer tube includes a support that positions the first and second image forming assemblies along parallel paths and that defines first and second voids that extend between the inner surface of the outer tube and the distal insert over a portion of the outer tube that is coextensive with the insert. First and second optical fiber bundles extend from the main body toward the distal end and then through the first and second voids, respectively whereby the voids between the distal insert and the outer tube at the distal end are substantially filled with fiber.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The appended claims particularly point out and distinctly claim the subject matter of this invention. The various objects, advantages and novel features of this invention will be more fully apparent from a reading of the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals refer to like parts, and in which:

FIG. 1 is a simplified cross-section in schematic form of a prior art single-channel endoscope;

FIG. 2 is a simplified cross-section in schematic form of a prior art stereoscopic endoscope that incorporates optical train subassemblies to form images;

FIG. 3 is a cross-section near the distal end of a stereoscopic endoscope that incorporates this invention; FIG. 3A is a detail to depict one embodiment of a structure that aligns inserts that are incorporated into a stereoscopic endoscope in accordance with this invention;

FIG. 4 is a plan view of a stereoscopic endoscope that incorporates this invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a distal end insert that is useful in implementing this invention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a proximal insert that is useful in implementing this invention;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart that outlines the basic steps in manufacturing a stereoscopic endoscope that incorporates this invention; and

FIG. 8 is a perspective view, partially broken away, of the distal end of a stereoscopic endoscope that incorporates two camera assemblies as imaging forming assemblies.

DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 3 depicts a cross-section adjacent the distal end of a stereoscopic endoscope 30 that incorporates this invention. The endoscope 30 includes an outer tube 31 and, in accordance with this invention, an insert having the characteristics of one such insert in accordance with this invention. The insert 32 defines parallel passages 33 and 34. Each of the passages 33 and 34 has a diameter adapted to receive and support ends of the inner tubes 22A and 23A that carry image forming subassemblies (i.e., the optical train subassemblies) to provide two optical channels in a close fitting relationship. As described later, a similar insert is located at the proximal end of the endoscope. Optical fiber bundles 35 and 36 substantially fill non-circular voids between the inner surface of the outer tube 31 and the opposite sides of the distal insert 32. As a consequence, a stereoscopic endoscope constructed in accordance with this invention provides a maximum illumination transfer from the proximal end of the endoscope to an object beyond its distal end.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of the stereoscopic endoscope 30 that extends from a proximal end 40 to a distal end 41. A main body 42, with an internal cavity (not shown, but known in the art) at the proximal end 40 includes two fiber post adapters that include a first or near fiber post adapter 43A that is shown with a gap to make a portion of the second or far fiber post adapter 43B visible in FIG. 4. As known, each fiber post adapter connects to a fiber bundle from an external illumination source 45 and provides an interface with one of the optical fiber bundles 35 and 36 in FIG. 3. Still referring to FIG. 4, the main body 42 also carries the elongated outer tube 31 that extends to the distal end 41.

FIG. 5 depicts a distal end insert 50 that is one implementation of the distal end insert 32 shown in FIG. 3. Still referring to FIG. 5, a housing 51 defines two proximally extending circular support portions 52 and 53 with an intermediate gap 54 in a central portion of the insert 50. An end plate 55 is adapted to abut the distal end of the outer tube 31 in FIG. 4 and includes first and second apertures 56 and 57 therethrough that correspond to the diameter of the optical train subassemblies, such as the optical train subassemblies 33 and 34 in FIG. 3. The end plate 55 in FIG. 5 also includes peripheral shoulders 53A and 55A that serve as an end stop during the insertion of the optical train subassemblies as described later. The inner diameter of the supports 52 and 53 enables each of them to receive one of the optical train subassemblies thereby to position and hold the optical train subassemblies in a parallel relationship with the appropriate optical spacing. The gap 54 provides limited flexibility to facilitate the receipt of the optical train subassemblies and simplifies manufacture of the insert. The insert 50 is also formed with cylindrical or curved troughs 58 and 59 that define, with the outer surfaces of the supports 52 and 53, the radially inner limits of non-circular voids that receive the optical fiber bundles, such as the optical bundles 35 and 36. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the outermost surfaces of the support portions 52 and 53 contact the inner surface of the outer tube 31.

FIG. 6 depicts a proximal insert 60 with a housing 61. The housing 61 defines two axially extending circular support portions 62 and 63 and an intermediate gap 64 that provide the same functions as the supports 52 and 53 and the gap 54 in FIG. 5. The proximal insert 60 has no end support for reasons that will become apparent. Like the distal insert 50, the proximal insert 60 includes cylindrical or curved troughs 68 and 69 that define, with the outer surfaces at the supports 62 and 63, the radially inner limits of the non-circular voids that receive the optical fiber bundles 35 and 36. Like the distal insert 50 shown in FIG. 3, the outermost surfaces of the support portions contact the inner surface of the outer tube 31 at the proximal end.

A further understanding of this invention can be attained by describing the general process by which a stereoscopic endoscope is constructed. As shown in FIG. 7, one such process 70 begins at step 71 by assembling the main body 42 and outer tube 31 with a proximal insert 60 oriented and captured in the proximal end of the outer tube 31. In step 72 a distal insert 50 is affixed to the distal end of the outer tube 31. It is angularly aligned with the proximal insert 60 such that the apertures 56 and 57 lie on the axes of apertures 66 and 67, respectively, thereby to allow two optical train subassemblies to extend in parallel between the inserts 50 and 60.

The inserts 50 and 60 are positioned in the outer tube to be angularly aligned so that the apertures 56 and 57 and the apertures 66 and 67 lie on parallel axes. In a preferred method, diametrically opposed detents or keyways, such as the keyway 80 in FIG. 3A, are formed in the inner surfaces at both ends of the outer tube 31. The keyways at the proximal and distal ends are angularly aligned and, at each end, extend for a distance that is greater than the depth of the insert to be installed at that end. In this embodiment each keyway is formed by machining a recess in the inner surface of the outer tube 31 having a radius that corresponds to the outer radius of the insert, such as the insert 50 as shown in FIG. 3A. In this embodiment, each insert, such as the distal end insert 50 in FIG. 3A has outer transverse dimension that causes the outer surfaces of a corresponding support portion to engage its corresponding keyway, such as the keyway 80, at the corresponding ends of the outer tube 31 in a detent fashion. This assures the angular alignment of the distal end insert 50 and the proximal insert 60 at distal and proximal ends, respectively, of the outer tube 31.

Step 73 represents the determination of the optical fiber bundle size that will be required to implement this invention. For a given stereoscopic endoscope two cross-sectional areas are determined. The first is the cross-sectional area inside the outer tube 31, A_{outer tube}; the second, A_insert is the cross-sectional area defined by the outer periphery of the insert 50 in FIG. 5 or the insert 60 in FIG. 6. The difference taken by subtracting the second area from the first represents the total cross-sectional areas A_bundle of the voids to be filled by the optical fiber bundles. As there are two distinct voids involved on opposite sides of the inserts, each bundle will have a cross-sectional area substantially corresponding to one-half of the total area difference. That is, for each bundle:A_bundle≈(A_{outer tube}−A_insert)/2

Two optical fiber bundles are constructed with that cross-sectional area and an appropriate length. In a preferred process, a thin lubricious sheath, for example a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tube, is applied as a protective sheath to each optical fiber bundle. As will be apparent, step 73 can be performed prior to beginning the process 70.

Step 74 represents the process by which the two optical fiber bundles are next inserted into the endoscope. Typically, the fiber post adapters 43A and 43B in FIG. 4 have not yet been installed at this point in the manufacturing process. Each optical fiber bundle is drawn to the distal end through the proximal end and voids defined by the outer tube 31 and the inserts 50 and 60. Such drawing processes are known in the art. More specifically, each optical fiber bundle is drawn through an opening at one of the fiber post adapter positions, a designated one of the voids defined between the outer tube 31 and one of the troughs 68 and 69 in FIG. 6 to the distal end through a corresponding void defined by the outer tube 31 and the aligned one of the troughs 58 and 59 in FIG. 5.

The process continues with step 75 during which a first optical train subassembly is inserted into the endoscope through the proximal end of the main body 42, one of the supports 62 or 63 of the proximal insert 60, the previously installed optical fiber bundles until the distal end of the optical train subassembly abuts a corresponding one of the shoulders 55A about the apertures 56 and 57 in the distal insert 50 shown in FIG. 5. Step 76 repeats the operation of step 75 for the second optical train subassembly.

There are several different endoscope manufacturing processes for performing steps 75 and 76. In one approach, after the optical bundles are installed, they extend beyond the distal and proximal ends of the outer tube 31. As an initial step, two small-diameter pilot rods with bullet noses are inserted from the proximal end of the outer tube through the proximal insert supports 62 and 63 and between the optical fiber bundles 35 and 36 to emerge from corresponding ones of the apertures 56 and 57 in the distal insert 50. This pilot rod is then withdrawn leaving a corresponding passage. The operation is then repeated with second rods having the basic dimensions of the optical train subassemblies. These rods are advanced until the ends of the rods abut the shoulder 53A and 55A on the distal insert 50. As a next step, the optical fiber bundles 35 and 36 are bonded and cut at the distal and proximal ends. When this is completed, the second rods are removed leaving residual passages between the optical fiber bundles. Then the optical train subassemblies are inserted through those passages. During these operations, the proximal insert 60 is prevented from advancing distally in the optical tube 31 as by the interference between the distal end of the proximal insert 60 and the inner surfaces of the outer tube 31 adjacent the distal ends of the keyways, such as the keyway 80 in FIG. 3A.

Step 77 represents the completion of the endoscope in accordance with known operations, such as fitting the optical fiber bundles within their corresponding fiber post adapters 43 and installing the fiber post adapters.

FIG. 3 depicts a stereoscopic endoscope in which each imaging forming assembly is formed by an optical train bounded by an inner tube that extends from the main body through an outer tube to the distal end. Such optical trains include objective lenses, relay lenses and other optical elements. A second category of stereoscopic endoscopes uses a pair of spaced cameras at the distal end of the endoscope as its image forming assemblies. These cameras extend proximally only a short distance from the distal end; electrical conductors couple the cameras to processing equipment external to the endoscope. Such an endoscope can also benefit from this invention because a distal insert in accordance with this invention maximizes the cross section of the fiber that is exposed at the distal end and the level of illumination of the object being imaged.

FIG. 8 depicts the distal end of such a stereoscopic endoscope 90 in a perspective view that is partially broken away. An outer tube 91 extends from a main body, not shown in FIG. 8, to the distal end. The outer tube 91 receives a distal insert 92 in the same fashion as the distal insert 50 in FIG. 3 is supported in the distal end of the outer tube 31. Referring to FIG. 8, the distal insert 92, having the same construction as shown in FIG. 5, includes supports 93 and 94 that receive camera subassemblies 95 and 96 and position them in a parallel relationship. Such camera subassemblies are known in the art and have a short axial length in comparison to optical train assemblies as described with respect to FIGS. 3 and 4, so the distal insert 92 provides adequate support thereby eliminating the necessity for a proximal insert. Leads from each of the camera assemblies 95 and 96, such as leads 97 from the camera assembly 96, extend to the proximal end of the endoscope 90 for connection to imaging processing equipment as known in the art.

With such a system, the distal insert 92 forms voids 101 and 102 between the exterior surface of the insert 92 and the inner surface of the outer tube 91. This space is then filled with fiber in fiber bundles 103 and 104 that extend from the distal end to at least one fiber post on a main body at the proximal end of the endoscope 90. Consequently, the camera subassemblies 95 and 96 operate with maximum illumination on the object to be imaged. Any changes to adapt the manufacturing process described with respect to FIG. 7 are within the skill of persons of ordinary skill in the art.

As now will be evident, a stereoscopic endoscope constructed in accordance with this invention achieves the various objects of this invention. Substantially all the voids within an outer tube are filled with optical fiber so the amount of light reaching a site to be viewed is maximized. Such an endoscope can be constructed in accordance with standard manufacturing processes with little or no modification so that the manufacture is predictable, repeatable and reliable.

This invention has been disclosed in terms of certain embodiments. It will be apparent that many modifications can be made to the disclosed apparatus without departing from the invention. For example, each insert is disclosed with a particular cross section including oppositely disposed troughs. Other inserts might modify such a trough structure of even eliminate such troughs. Other embodiments of alignment means could be substituted for the specifically disclosed keyway arrangement. In some applications, one might eliminate the peripheral shoulders of the distal insert. These and other modifications could be implemented while attaining some or all of the objectives and realizing some of all of the benefits of this invention. It is the intent of the appended claims to cover all such modifications and variations as come within the true spirit and scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A stereoscopic endoscope extending between proximal and distal ends thereof, comprising; A) a main body at the proximal end having an internal cavity;B) an outer tube extending from said main body to the distal end of said endoscope;C) first and second inner tubes, each with a lens train assembly, extending proximally from said distal end in said outer tube;D) proximal and distal inserts at proximal and distal ends of said outer tube, each insert including first and second support portions that position and hold said first and second inner tubes along parallel paths, and each insert positioned such that the first and second support portions contact diametrically opposed portions of an inner surface of said outer tube, thereby defining a first void that extends between each insert and a first portion of the inner surface of said outer tube and a second void separated from the first void and extending between each insert and a second portion of the inner surface of said outer tube; andE) first and second optical fiber bundles extending from said internal cavity through said first and second voids, respectively, to the distal end of said endoscope whereby the voids between said inserts and the inner surface of said outer tube are substantially filled with fiber.

2. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 1, wherein said outer tube has a cross sectional inner area Aouter tube and each insert has a cross-sectional outer area Ainsert and the cross-sectional area Abundle of each of said first and second optical fiber bundles is given by: Abundle≈(Aouter tube−Ainsert)/2.

3. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 1, wherein said distal insert includes an end plate with peripheral shoulders for abutting the distal end of said outer tube thereby to define a final axial position of said first and second inner tubes.

4. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 3, wherein said proximal insert is captured at the proximal end of said outer tube.

5. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 1, wherein said proximal and distal ends of said outer tube include diametrically opposed, axially extending alignment structures that engage the outer surface of said corresponding proximal and distal inserts thereby to angularly align the proximal and distal inserts within said outer tube.

6. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 5, wherein each of said inserts has a given axial length and said alignment structure at each end of said outer tube includes diametrically opposed, axially extending recesses that extend for a distance from an end thereof that is at least as great as the axial length of each insert.

7. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 1, wherein said main body has at least one fiber port that passes optical fiber from the exterior of said endoscope into said internal cavity, and said at least one fiber port includes a first fiber port for receiving the proximal end of one of said optical fiber bundles and a second fiber port for receiving the proximal end of the other of said optical fiber bundles.

8. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 1, wherein each of said optical fiber bundles is encased in a sheath.

9. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 1, wherein each insert includes a housing having the first and second support portions and a central portion, the central portion connecting the first support portion to the second support portion and providing an intermediate gap between the first and second support portions.

10. A stereoscopic endoscope extending between proximal and distal ends, comprising: A) a main body at the proximal end having an internal cavity,B) an outer tube extending from said main body to the distal end of said endoscope, said outer tube including detents formed by forming recesses within an inner surface of said outer tube, and defining a longitudinal tube axis therethrough,C) first and second image forming assemblies extending proximally from said distal end in said outer tube,D) a distal insert including first and second support portions that position said first and second image forming assemblies along parallel paths and that are positioned within the detents, and an outer surface of said distal insert including curved portions to define first and second voids between said distal insert and the inner surface of said outer tube, andE) first and second optical fiber bundles extending from said internal cavity through said first and second voids, respectively, at the distal end of said endoscope whereby the voids between said distal insert and said outer tube at the distal end of the endoscope are substantially filled with fiber.

11. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 10, wherein said outer tube has a cross sectional inner area Aouter tube and said distal insert has a cross-sectional outer area Ainsert and the cross-sectional area Abundle of each of said first and second optical fiber bundles is given by: Abundle≈(Aouter tube−Ainsert)/2.

12. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 10, wherein said distal insert includes an end plate with peripheral shoulders for abutting the distal end of said outer tube thereby to define a final axial position of said first and second image forming assemblies.

13. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 10, wherein said detents are provided at said distal end of said outer tube, and include diametrically opposed, axially extending alignment structures that engage the outer surface of said distal insert thereby to angularly align the distal insert within said outer tube.

14. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 13, wherein said distal insert has a given axial length and said alignment structures at the distal end of said outer tube include diametrically opposed, axially extending recesses that extend for a distance from an end thereof and that are at least as great as the given axial length.

15. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 10, wherein said main body has at least one fiber port that passes optical fiber from the exterior of said endoscope into said internal cavity, and said at least one fiber port includes a first fiber port for receiving the proximal end of one of said optical fiber bundles and a second fiber port for receiving the proximal end of the other of said optical fiber bundles.

16. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 10, wherein each of said optical fiber bundles is encased in a sheath.

17. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 10, wherein said detents include a first detent and a second detent, the first detent being diametrically opposed to the second detent,the first support portion is positioned within the first detent such that an outer surface of the first support portion contacts the inner surface of said outer tube,the second support portion is positioned within the second detent such that an outer surface of the second support portion contacts the inner surface of said outer tube, andthe first void is separated from the second void by a positioning of the distal insert within the first and second detents.

18. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 10, wherein each of said detents includes a detent radius corresponding to a radius associated with said outer surface of said distal insert.

19. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 10, wherein said detents include diametrically opposed detents, andsaid first and second support portions of said distal insert are positioned in said diametrically opposed detents to allow said first and second image forming assemblies to lie along parallel paths.

20. The stereoscopic endoscope as recited in claim 19, wherein said diametrically opposite detents include detent radii that respectively correspond to radii associated with first and second support portions of said distal insert.