MCH antagonists for the treatment of obesity

Abstract

The present invention discloses compounds which, are novel antagonists for melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), as well as methods for preparing such compounds. In another embodiment, the invention discloses pharmaceutical compositions comprising such MCH antagonists as well as methods of using them to treat obesity, metabolic disorders, eating disorders such as hyperphagia, and diabetes.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This invention relates to antagonists for melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and their use in the treatment of metabolic and eating disorders, novel compounds having MCH receptor modulatory activity, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more such modulators, methods of preparing such modulators and methods of using such modulators to treat obesity, diabetes and related disorders.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] MCH, a cyclic peptide, was first identified over a decade ago in teleost fish where it appears to regulate color change. More recently, MCH has been the subject of investigation for its possible role as a regulator of eating behavior in mammals. As reported by Shimada et al., Nature, Vol. 396 (Dec. 17, 1998), pp. 670-673, MCH-deficient mice have reduced body weight and leanness due to hypophagia (reduced feeding). In view of their findings, it was suggested that antagonists of MCH may be effective for the treatment of obesity. U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,830 discloses a combination therapy for the treatment of diabetes or obesity involving the administration of a metabolic rate increasing agent and a feeding behavior modifying agent, an example of the latter being an MCH antagonist. Further, MCH receptor antagonists may also be useful in the treatment of depression and/or anxiety. Borowksy et al., Nature Medicine, 8, pp. 825-830 (Aug. 1, 2002).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0004] In one embodiment, this invention provides novel compounds having MCH antagonist activity. These compounds are represented by structural formula I: 1

[0005] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound, isomer or racemic mixture wherein

[0006] Ar1 is aryl, heteroaryl, (R7)p-Substituted aryl or (R7)p-substituted heteroaryl, wherein p is a number from 1 to 3 and when p is more than 1, each R7 can be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, (C1-C6)alkylene-N(R9)2—S-alkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, (C1-C6)N(R8)O(O)R5, NO2, —C(O)alkyl, C(O2)R8, C(R8)2OR8, C═NOR8 and a cyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of 2

[0007] wherein said cyclic moiety, together with Ar1, can optionally form a fused aromatic moiety such as indole, indolone, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzisoxazole, or benztriazole; and further wherein if two R7 groups are adjacent, said adjacent R7 moieties can optionally be joined together to form a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy moiety,

[0008] Ar2 is aryl, heteroaryl, (R7)p-substituted aryl or (R7)p-substituted heteroaryl, wherein p is a number from 1 to 3 and when p is more than 1, each R7 can be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, (C1-C6)alkylene-N(R9)2—S-alkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, (C1-C6)N(R8)C(O)R5, NO2, —C(O)alkyl, C(O2)R8, C(R8)2OR8, C═NOR8 and a cyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of 3

[0009] wherein said cyclic moiety, together with Ar1, can optionally form a fused aromatic moiety such as indole, indolone, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzisoxazole, or benztriazole; and further wherein if two R7 groups are adjacent, said adjacent R7 moieties can optionally be joined together to form a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy moiety;

[0010] X is O, S or N—(CN);

[0011] Y is a single bond or alkylene group;

[0012] Z is a C4-C8 cycloalkylene or C4-C8 heterocycloalkylene wherein each of said C4-C8 cycloalkylene or C4-C8 heterocycloalkylene group optionally containing one or two double bonds inside the cyclic ring and optionally substituted with 1 to 4 R6 groups on the ring wherein each R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, —OH, —N(R9)2, —NR9COalkyl, alkoxy and —OC(O)-alkyl, with the proviso that when R6 is —OH or —N(R9)2, R6 is not attached to a carbon adjacent to a nitrogen and when two R6 groups are —OH, neither R6 is on the same carbon on Z and further that two R6 groups can be optionally joined together so that Z and said two R6 groups together form a bicycloalkylene or bicycloheteroalkylene group containing from 5 to 12 atoms; 4

[0013] where s and q independently number 0 to 6, the sum of s and q is 2 to 6 and r numbers 0 to 3; 56

[0014] or R1 is

[0015] —N(R3)2, —N(H)C(O)alkyleneN(R3)2, —C(O)N(H)alkyleneN(R3)2, —C(O)N(alkyl)alkyleneN(R3)2, -alkyleneC(H)(OH)alkyleneN(R3)2, —N(alkyl)alkyleneN(R3)2, —N(H)alkyleneC(O)R5, —N(alkyl)alkyleneN(alkyl)S(O2)R5 or —N(alkyl)alkyleneC(O)N(R3)2;

[0016] R2 is hydrogen or alkyl;

[0017] each R3 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkylene-, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaralkyl, —S(O2)alkyl, —S(O2)aryl,—S(O2)N(H)alkyl, —S(O2)N(alkyl)2, —S(O2)alkyl, —S(O2)heterocycloalkyl, —C(O)alkyl, —C(O)aryl, —C(O)heteroaryl, —C(O)heterocycloalkyl, —C(O)N(H)alkyl, —C(O)N(alkyl)2, —C(O)N(H)aryl, —C(O)Oalkyl, —C(O)Oaryl or alkylene-C(O)Oalkyl, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl or cycloalkyl group can independently be nonsubstituted, halosubstituted or hydroxysubstituted;

[0018] R4 is R3, alkoxy or —N(R3)2, with the proviso that when R4 is attached to a sulfur atom then R4 is not hydrogen;

[0019] R5 is hydrogen, —N(R3)2, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, alkoxy or alkoxyalkylene-, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaralkyl or cycloalkyl group can independently be nonsubstituted, halosubstituted or hydroxysubstituted;

[0020] R8 is hydrogen, alkyl or cycloalkyl;

[0021] R9 is hydrogen, —C(O)alkyl or —S(O2)alkyl.

[0022] R10 is R5 or halogen;

[0023] with the following provisos:

[0024] that each R3 of —N(R3)2 can be same or different and is independently selected;

[0025] that each R8 and R9 of —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2 and —S(O2)N(R8)2 can be the same or different and is independently selected; and

[0026] that in the above chemical formulas, each R3 and R4 can be the same or different and is independently selected.

[0027] This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity, and eating disorders such as hyperphagia. In one aspect, this invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of obesity which comprise an obesity treating amount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention relates to compounds that are represented by structural formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate, wherein the various moieties are as described above.

[0029] The compounds of formula I can be administered as racemic mixtures or enantiomerically pure compounds.

[0030] A preferred group of compounds are compounds of formula I wherein

[0031] Ar1 is aryl, heteroaryl, (R7)p-substituted aryl or (R7)p-substituted heteroaryl, wherein p is a number from 1 to 3 and when p is more than 1, each R7 can be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, (C1-C6)alkylene-N(R9)2—S-alkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, (C1-C6)N(R8)C(O)R5, NO2, —C(O)alkyl, C(O2)R8, C(R8)2OR8, C═NOR8 and a cyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of 7

[0032] wherein said cyclic moiety, together with Ar1, can optionally form a fused aromatic moiety such as indole, indolone, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzisoxazole, or benztriazole; and further wherein if two R7 groups are adjacent, said adjacent R7 moieties can optionally be joined together to form a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy moiety,

[0033] Ar2 is aryl, heteroaryl, (R7)p-substituted aryl or (R7)p-substituted heteroaryl, wherein p is a number from 1 to 3 and when p is more than 1, each R7 can be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, (C1-C6)alkylene-N(R9)2—S-alkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, (C1-C6)N(R8)C(O)R5, NO2, —C(O)alkyl, C(O2)R8, C(R8)2OR8, C═NOR8 and a cyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of 8

[0034] wherein said cyclic moiety, together with Ar1, can optionally form a fused aromatic moiety such as indole, indolone, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzisoxazole, or benztriazole; and further wherein if two R7 groups are adjacent, said adjacent R7 moieties can optionally be joined together to form a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy moiety;

[0035] X is O;

[0036] Y is a single bond or —(C1-C4)alkylene- group; 9

[0037] or a C4-C8 cycloalkylene or C4-C8 heterocycloalkylene wherein each of said C4-C8 cycloalkylene or C4-C8 heterocycloalkylene group optionally containing one or two double bonds inside the cyclic ring and optionally substituted with 1 to 4 R6 groups on the ring wherein each R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, —OH, alkoxy and —OC(O)-alkyl, with the proviso that when R6 is —OH, R6 is not attached to a carbon adjacent to a nitrogen and when two R6 groups are —OH, neither R6 is on the same carbon on Z and further that two R6 groups can be optionally joined together so that Z and said two R6 groups together form a bicycloalkylene or bicycloheteroalkylene group containing from 5 to 12 atoms;

[0038] R1 is —NHC(O)(C2-C3)alkyleneN(R3)2, —C(O)NH(C2-C3)alkyleneN(R3)2, —C(O)N(CH3)(C2-C3)alkyleneN(R3)2, -alkyleneC(H)(OH)(C1-C2)alkyleneN(R3)2, —N(CH3)(C2-C3)alkyleneN(R3)2, —N(H)(C2-C3)alkyleneC(O)R5, —N(CH3) (C2-C3)alkyleneN(CH3)S(O2)R5 or —N(CH3)(C2-C3)alkyleneC(O)N(R3)2, wherein each R3 can be the same or different and is independently selected;

[0039] R2 is hydrogen or —(C1-C6)alkyl;

[0040] each R3 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkylene-, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaralkyl, —S(O2)alkyl, —S(O2)aryl,—S(O2)N(H)alkyl, —S(O2)N(alkyl)2, —S(O2)alkyl, —S(O2)heterocycloalkyl, —C(O)alkyl, —C(O)aryl, —C(O)heteroaryl, —C(O)heterocycloalkyl, —C(O)N(H)alkyl, —C(O)N(alkyl)2, —C(O)N(H)aryl, —C(O)Oalkyl, —C(O)Oaryl or alkylene-C(O)Oalkyl, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl or cycloalkyl group can independently be nonsubstituted, halosubstituted or hydroxysubstituted;

[0041] R4 is R3, (C1-C6)alkoxy or —N(R3)2, with the proviso that when R4 is attached to a sulfur atom then R4 is not hydrogen;

[0042] R5 is hydrogen, —N(R3)2, —(C1-C6)alkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy or (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkylene-, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaralkyl or cycloalkyl group can independently be nonsubstituted, halosubstituted or hydroxysubstituted;

[0043] R6 is —(C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, —OH, —O—(C1-C6)alkyl, —OC(O)—(C1-C6alkyl), with the proviso that when R6 is —OH, R6 is not attached to a carbon adjacent to a nitrogen, and when m is 2 and both R6 are —OH, neither R6 is on the same carbon on Z;

[0044] R8 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl or —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl; with the following provisos

[0045] that each R3 of —N(R3)2 can be same or different and is independently selected;

[0046] that each R8 and R9 of —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2 and —S(O2)N(R8)2 can be the same or different and is independently selected; and

[0047] that in the above chemical formulas, each R3 and R4 can be the same or different and is independently selected.

[0048] A further preferred group of compounds of formula I are those in which

[0049] Ar1 and Ar2 are the same or different and are independently selected from phenyl, pyridyl, (R7)p-substituted aryl or (R7)p-substituted heteroaryl, wherein p is a number from 1 to 3 and when p is more than 1, each R7 can be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, (C1-C6)alkylene-N(R9)2—S-alkyl, —S(O)—alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, (C1-C6)N(R3)C(O)R5, NO2, —C(O)alkyl, C(O2)R8, C(R8)2OR8 or C═NOR8;

[0050] X is O;

[0051] Y is a single bond or —CH2—, —CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2CH2—; 10

[0052] and

[0053] R3 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkylmethyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkylene— or SO2alkyl.

[0054] Another group of preferred compounds are compounds of formula I wherein

[0055] Ar1 and Ar2 are the same or different and are independently selected from phenyl, pyridyl; (R7)p-substituted aryl or (R7)p-substituted heteroaryl, wherein p is a number from 1 to 3 and when p is more than 1, each R7 can be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, (C1-C6)alkylene-N(R9)2—S-alkyl, —S(O)—alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, (C1-C6)N(R8)C(O)R5, NO2, —C(O)alkyl, C(O2)R8, C(R8)2OR8 or C═NOR8;

[0056] X is O;

[0057] Y is —CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2CH2—;

[0058] R1 is —N(R3)2 or —C(O)NH(C2-C3)alkyleneN(R3)2; and

[0059] R3 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl, -ar(C1-C6)alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, halo- substituted —(C1-C6)alkyl, hydroxy-substituted —(C1-C6)alkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl, wherein each R3 can be same or different and is independently selected.

[0060] Another group of preferred compounds are compounds of formula I wherein

[0061] Ar1 and Ar2 are independently phenyl, pyridyl, R7-substituted phenyl or R7-substituted pyridyl, wherein said Ar1 and Ar2 are the same or different and is independently selected, and R7 numbers 1 to 3 which can be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, —S-alkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, —NO2, 11

[0062] wherein each R8 and R9 can be the same or different and is independently selected, or two adjacent R7 groups can be joined together to form a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy group;

[0063] X is O;

[0064] Y is —CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2CH2—;

[0065] R1 is 12

[0066] R3 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkylene-, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl or heteroaralkyl, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl or cycloalkyl group can independently be nonsubstituted, halosubstituted or hydroxysubstituted;

[0067] R4 is R3, (C1-C6)alkoxy or —N(R3)2 wherein each R3 can be same or different and is independently selected, with the proviso that when R4 is attached to a sulfur atom then R4 is not hydrogen;

[0068] R5 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy or (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkylene-, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaralkyl or cycloalkyl group can independently be nonsubstituted, halosubstituted or hydroxysubstituted; and

[0069] R8 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl or —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl.

[0070] Another group of preferred compounds are compounds of formula I wherein wherein Ar1 is R7-substituted phenyl and said R7 is one group positioned at the 3-position of said substituted phenyl with respect to the linking point to Z.

[0071] Another group of preferred compounds are compounds of formula I wherein R7 is —CN, —OCF3, chloro, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, or —N(R8)C(O)R5.

[0072] Another group of preferred compounds are compounds of formula I wherein wherein Ar1 is pyridyl and Ar2 is halo-substituted phenyl or (CF3)-substituted phenyl.

[0073] Another group of preferred compounds are compounds of formula I wherein wherein Ar1 is pyridyl and Ar2 is halo-substituted pyridyl or —CF3-substituted pyridyl.

[0074] A set of preferred compounds are listed below in Tables 1, 1a and 1b.

[0075] Except where stated otherwise, the following definitions apply throughout the present specification and claims. These definitions apply regardless of whether a term is used by itself or in combination with other terms. Hence the definition of “alkyl” applies to “alkyl” as well as to the “alkyl” portions of “alkoxy”, “alkylamino” etc.

[0076] As used above, and throughout the specification, the following terms, unless otherwise indicated, shall be understood to have the following meanings:

[0077] “Patient” includes both human and other animals.

[0078] “Mammal” means humans and other mammalian animals.

[0079] “Alkyl” means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, which may be straight or branched and comprising about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkyl groups contain about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain. More preferred alkyl groups contain about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkyl chain. “Lower alkyl” means an alkyl group having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain, which may be straight or branched. The term “substituted alkyl” means that the alkyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, —NH(alkyl), —NH(cycloalkyl), —N(alkyl)2, carboxy and —C(O)O-alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and t-butyl.

[0080] “Alkenyl” means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched and comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkenyl groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkenyl chain. “Lower alkenyl” means an alkenyl group having about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain, which may be straight or branched. The term “substituted alkenyl” means that the alkenyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, and alkoxy. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, and 3-methylbut-2-enyl.

[0081] “Alkynyl” means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group comprising at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched and comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkynyl groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkynyl chain. “Lower alkynyl” means an alkynyl group having about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain, which may be straight or branched. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl and 2-butynyl. The term “substituted alkynyl” means that the alkynyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl and -cycloalkyl.

[0082] “Alkylene” means an alkanedioyl group commonly having free valencies on two carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples include methylene, ethylene, propylene and the like. The term “substituted alkylene” means that the alkylene group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, —NH(alkyl), —NH(cycloalkyl), —N(alkyl)2, carboxy and —C(O)O-alkyl.

[0083] “Aryl” means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, preferably about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms. The aryl group can be unsubstituted or substituted on the ring with one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, —OCF3, —OCOalkyl , —OCOaryl, —CF3, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio, heteroaralkylthio, -cycloalkyl and heterocyclyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl. The “aryl” group can also be substituted by linking two adjacent carbons on its aromatic ring via a combination of one or more carbon atoms and one or more oxygen atoms such as, for example, methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, and the like.

[0084] “Arylene” means a bivalent group derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of a hydrogen atom from two ring carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples include phenylene and the like.

[0085] “Alkylenedioxy” means a combination of one or more carbon atoms and one or more oxygen atoms such as the following non-limiting examples that include methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy, and the like.

[0086] “Heteroaryl” means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 5 to about 14 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the ring atoms is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination. Preferred heteroaryls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The “heteroaryl” can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio, heteroaralkylthio, -cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and heterocyclyl. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heteroaryl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively, is present as a ring atom. A nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide. Non-limiting examples of suitable heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl, imidazolyl, and the like.

[0087] “Heteroarylene” means a bivalent group derived from a heterocyclic aromatic compound by removal of a hydrogen atom from two ring carbon atoms such as, for example, the bivalent group derived from pyridine, pyrrole and the like.

[0088] “Aralkyl” means an aryl-alkyl- group in which the aryl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred aralkyls comprise a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenethyl and a naphthlenylmethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl. The term “substituted aralkyl” means that the aralkyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, —NH(alkyl), —NH(cycloalkyl), —N(alkyl)2, carboxy and —C(O)O-alkyl.

[0089] “Alkylaryl” means an alkyl-aryl- group in which the alkyl and aryl are as previously described. Preferred alkylaryls comprise a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting example of a suitable alkylaryl groups is tolyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the aryl.

[0090] “Cycloalkyl” means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms. Preferred cycloalkyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms. The cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio, heteroaralkylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and heterocyclyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like. Non-limiting examples of suitable multicyclic cycloalkyls include 1-decalinyl, norbornyl, adamantyl and the like.

[0091] “Halo” means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo groups. Preferred are fluoro, chloro or bromo, and more preferred are fluoro and chloro.

[0092] “Halogen” means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Preferred are fluorine, chlorine or bromine, and more preferred are fluorine and chlorine.

[0093] “Haloalkyl” means an alkyl as defined above wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on the alkyl is replaced by a halo group defined above.

[0094] “Cycloalkenyl” means a non-aromatic mono or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Preferred cycloalkenyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms. The cycloalkenyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio, heteroaralkylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and heterocyclyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic cycloalkenyls include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and the like. Non-limiting example of a suitable multicyclic cycloalkenyl is norbornylenyl.

[0095] “Heterocyclyl” or “heterocycloalkyl” means a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system. Preferred heterocyclyls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms. The prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom. The heterocyclyl can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio, heteroaralkylthio, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and heterocyclyl. The nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocyclyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide. Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, pyranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, morpholinyl and the like.

[0096] “Aralkenyl” means an aryl-alkenyl- group in which the aryl and alkenyl are as previously described. Preferred aralkenyls contain a lower alkenyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkenyl groups include 2-phenethenyl and 2-naphthylethenyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkenyl.

[0097] “Heteroaralkyl” means a heteroaryl-alkyl- group in which the heteroaryl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaralkyls contain a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include pyridylmethyl, 2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl and quinolin-3-ylmethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl. The “heteroaralkyl” can be optionally substituted on the ring by replacing an available hydrogen on the ring by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkylaryl, aralkenyl, heteroaralkyl, alkylheteroaryl, heteroaralkenyl, hydroxy, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, acyl, aroyl, halo, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aralkoxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, alkylsulfinyl, arylsulfinyl, heteroarylsulfinyl, alkylthio, arylthio, heteroarylthio, aralkylthio, heteroaralkylthio, -cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl and heterocyclyl.

[0098] “Heteroaralkenyl” means an heteroaryl-alkenyl- group in which the heteroaryl and alkenyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaralkenyls contain a lower alkenyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable heteroaralkenyl groups include 2-(pyrid-3-yl)ethenyl and 2-(quinolin-3-yl)ethenyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkenyl.

[0099] “Alkoxyalkyl” means an alkoxy-alkyl- group in which alkyl and alkoxy are as previously defined. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkoxyalkyl groups include methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl and ethoxyethyl.

[0100] “Hydroxyalkyl” means a HO-alkyl- group in which alkyl is as previously defined. Preferred hydroxyalkyls contain lower alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl.

[0101] “Acyl” means an H—C(O)—, alkyl-C(O)—, alkenyl-C(O)—, alkynyl-C(O)—, cycloalkyl-C(O)—, cycloalkenyl-C(O)—, or cycloalkynyl-C(O)— group in which the various groups are as previously described. The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl. Preferred acyls contain a lower alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable acyl groups include formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, 2-methylpropanoyl, and cyclohexanoyl.

[0102] “Aroyl” means an aryl-C(O)— group in which the aryl group is as previously described. The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable groups include benzoyl and 1- and 2-naphthoyl.

[0103] “Alkoxy” means an alkyl-O— group in which the alkyl group is as previously described. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy and isopropoxy. The alkyl group is linked to an adjacent moiety through the ether oxygen. The term “substituted alkoxy” means that the alkyl portion of the alkoxy group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, aryl, -cycloalkyl, cyano, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, amino, —NH(alkyl), —NH(cycloalkyl), —N(alkyl)2, carboxy and —C(O)O-alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and t-butyl.

[0104] “Aryloxy” means an aryl-O— group in which the aryl group is as previously described. Non-limiting examples of suitable aryloxy groups include phenoxy and naphthoxy. The bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen.

[0105] “Alkylamino” means an —NH2 or —NH3+ group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen is replaced by an alkyl group as defined above.

[0106] “Alkylthio” means an alkyl-S— group in which the alkyl group is as previously described. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkylthio groups include methylthio, ethylthio, i-propylthio and heptylthio. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.

[0107] “Arylthio” means an aryl-S— group in which the aryl group is as previously described. Non-limiting examples of suitable arylthio groups include phenylthio and naphthylthio. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.

[0108] “Aralkylthio” means an aralkyl-S— group in which the aralkyl group is as previously described. Non-limiting example of a suitable aralkylthio group is benzylthio. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.

[0109] “Alkoxycarbonyl” means an alkoxy group defined earlier linked to an adjacent moiety through a carbonyl. Non-limiting examples of alkoxycarbonyl groups include —C(O)—CH3, —C(O)—CH2CH3 and the like.

[0110] “Aralkoxycarbonyl” means an aralkyl—O—C(O)— group. Non-limiting example of a suitable aralkoxycarbonyl group is benzyloxycarbonyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl.

[0111] “Alkylsulfonyl” means an alkyl-S(O2)— group. Preferred groups are those in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl.

[0112] “Alkylsulfinyl” means an alkyl-S(O)— group. Preferred groups are those in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfinyl.

[0113] “Arylsulfonyl” means an aryl-S(O2)— group. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl.

[0114] “Arylsulfinyl” means an aryl-S(O)— group. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfinyl.

[0115] The term “optionally substituted” means optional substitution with the specified groups, radicals or moieties.

[0116] As used herein, the term “composition” is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.

[0117] Solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein. “Solvate” means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid. “Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Non-limiting examples of suitable solvates include ethanolates, methanolates, and the like. “Hydrate” is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is H2O.

[0118] “Effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” is meant to describe an amount of compound of the present invention effective to treat a mammal (e.g., human) having a disease or condition mediated by MCH, and thus producing the desired therapeutic effect.

[0119] The compound of formula I forms salts which are also within the scope of this invention. Reference to a compound of formula I, herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated. The term “salt(s)”, as employed herein, denotes acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases. In addition, when a compound of formula I contains both a basic moiety, such as, but not limited to a pyridine or imidazole, and an acidic moiety, such as, but not limited to a carboxylic acid, zwitterions (“inner salts”) may be formed and are included within the term “salt(s)” as used herein. Pharmaceutically acceptable (i.e., non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salts are preferred, although other salts are also useful. Salts of the compound of the formula I may be formed, for example, by reacting a compound of formula I with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.

[0120] Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates, adipates, alginates, ascorbates, aspartates, benzoates, benzenesulforiates, bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrates, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, cyclopentanepropionates, digluconates, dodecylsulfates, ethanesulfonates, fumarates, glucoheptanoates, glycerophosphates, hemisulfates, heptanoates, hexanoates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonates, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, 2-naphthalenesulfonates, nicotinates, nitrates, oxalates, pectinates, persulfates, 3-phenylpropionates, phosphates, picrates, pivalates, propionates, salicylates, succinates, sulfates, sulfonates (such as those mentioned herein), tartarates, thiocyanates, toluenesulfonates (also known as tosylates,) undecanoates, and the like. Additionally, acids which are generally considered suitable for the formation of pharmaceutically useful salts from basic pharmaceutical compounds are discussed, for example, by S. Berge et al, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (1977) 66(1) 1-19; P. Gould, International J. of Pharmaceutics (1986) 33 201-217; Anderson et al, The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry (1996), Academic Press, New York; and in The Orange Book (Food & Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. on their website). These disclosures are incorporated herein by reference thereto.

[0121] Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as benzathines, dicyclohexylamines, hydrabamines (formed with N,N-bis(dehydroabietyl)ethylenediamine), N-methyl-D-glucamines, N-methyl-D-glucamides, t-butyl amines, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like. Basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quarternized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dialkyl sulfates (e.g. dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates), long chain halides (e.g. decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), aralkyl halides (e.g. benzyl and phenethyl bromides), and others.

[0122] All such acid salts and base salts are intended to be pharmaceutically acceptable salts within the scope of the invention and all acid and base salts are considered equivalent to the free forms of the corresponding compounds for purposes of the invention.

[0123] Compounds of formula I, and salts and solvates thereof, may exist in their tautomeric form (for example, as an amide or imino ether). All such tautomeric forms are contemplated herein as part of the present invention.

[0124] All stereoisomers (for example, geometric isomers, optical isomers and the like) of the present compounds (including those of the salts and solvates of the compounds), such as those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on various substituents, including enantiomeric forms (which may exist even in the absence of asymmetric carbons), rotameric forms, atropisomers, and diastereomeric forms, are contemplated within the scope of this invention. Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers. The chiral centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations. The use of the terms “salt”, “solvate” and the like, is intended to equally apply to the salt and solvate of enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotamers, tautomers or racemates of the inventive compounds.

[0125] When any variable (e.g., aryl, heterocycle, R2, etc.) occurs more than one time in any constituent or in formula I, its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.

[0126] Compounds of formula I can be highly selective, high affinity Melanin Concentrating Hormone (MCH) receptor antagonists useful for the treatment of obesity.

[0127] Another aspect of this invention is a method of treating a mammal (e.g., human) having a disease or condition mediated by MCH by administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound to the mammal.

[0128] A preferred dosage is about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg of body weight/day of the compound of formula I. An especially preferred dosage is about 0.01 to 25 mg/kg of body weight/day of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

[0129] Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method of treating obesity comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

[0130] Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating eating and metabolic disorders such as bulimia and anorexia comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

[0131] Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating hyperlipidemia comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

[0132] Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating cellulite and fat accumulation comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

[0133] Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating type II diabetes comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

[0134] In addition to the “direct” effect of the compounds of this invention on the MCH subtype, there are diseases and conditions that will benefit from the weight loss such as insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, Type II Diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, gall stones, certain cancers, and sleep apnea.

[0135] Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for treating mental disorders such as major depression, manic depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and sleep disorders, comprising administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

[0136] This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions which comprise at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0137] This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of obesity which comprise an obesity treating amount of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

[0138] Compounds of formula I, can be produced by processes known to those skilled in the art using either solution phase or solid phase synthesis as shown in the following reaction schemes, in the preparations and examples below.

[0139] Compounds of this invention of type 1a and 1b can be prepared as shown below in Scheme 1. 13

[0140] An aryl bromide 2 is treated with an organolithium reagent such as n-butyllithium in a solvent such as THF or ether at a temperature from −100° C. to 0° C. followed by reaction with a dione monoketal 3, where Za and Zb together with the carbons to which they are attached form a cycloalkyl group Z as previously defined. The ketal of the resulting diol 4 is removed under acidic conditions and the ketone is subjected to reductive amination followed by urea formation to give compounds of type 1a. These can be converted to compounds of type 1b by treatment with strong acid.

[0141] Compounds of type 1c can be prepared as shown in Scheme 2: 14

[0142] Intermediate 5 from Scheme 2 is treated with strong acid to give olefin 7. This is reduced using hydrogen and a suitable catalyst such as platinum on carbon to give compound 8. Using conditions analogous to those shown for compound 5 in Scheme 1, compound 8 is transformed to compounds of type 1c.

[0143] Compounds of type 1d can be prepared as shown in Scheme 3: 15

[0144] Intermediate 7 from Scheme 2 is protected as its ketal under standard conditions. The resulting olefin is cyclopropanated under known conditions, such as by treatment with methylene diiodide and diethylzinc in the presence of acid such as TFA. After work-up, the crude product is treated with a strong acid such as TFA to give ketone 9. Alternatively, intermediate 4 from Scheme 1 can dehydrated, such as with methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine, and then converted to ketone 9 in a manner similar to 7. The ketone is converted to products of type 1d using the methods outlined in Scheme 1.

[0145] Compounds of this invention of type 1b can also be prepared as shown below in Scheme 4: 16

[0146] An aryl bromide 1 is treated with an organolithium reagent such as n-butyllithium in a solvent such as THF or diethyl ether at −80° C followed by reaction with an enone 10, where Za and Zb with the carbons to which they are attached constitute a Z group as previously defined and W is any alkyl group. Quenching with a solution of acid such as hydrochloric acid provides enone 11. Reductive amination and treatment with an isocyanate under standard conditions provides compounds of type 1b. The starting aryl bromide 1 and enone 10 are either commercially available or are prepared by well-known procedures.

[0147] Compounds of this invention of type 1d can also be prepared as shown below in Scheme 5: 17

[0148] Enone 11 is reduced to the allylic alcohol 13 with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride. Cyclopropanation of 13 occurs upon treatment with Et2Zn and CH2I2 to afford cyclopropyl alcohol 14. Oxidation proceeds under standard conditions, such as by treatment with Dess-Martin periodinane to give ketone 15. Reductive amination and treatment with an isocyanate under standard conditions provides compounds of type 1d.

[0149] Still another method of preparation of compounds of type 1d proceeds according to Scheme 6. 18

[0150] Ketone 15 undergoes reductive amination to provide amino-alcohol 17. The basic nitrogen of 17 is protected using standard methods, such as carbamate formation. The hydroxyl group of 17 can be activated using a variety of methods, such conversion to a bromide 18a or by oxidation to aldehyde or ketone 18b. Treatment of 18a with an amine (herein defined as R1) or 18b with an amine in the presence of a reducing agent such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride gives 19. Deprotection, such as by acid removal of the carbamate, and treatment of the resultant amine with an isocyanate provides compounds of type 1d.

[0151] Compounds of type 1e are prepared according to Scheme 7: 19

[0152] A ketone 20, where Zc and Zd together with attached carbons and the C═O group form a ring which constitute a Z group as previously defined,is treated with an base such as sodamide in a solvent such as THF, followed by reaction with an alkyl halide such as methyl iodide. The resultant ketone 21 is then treated with a base and a sulfonic anhydride, and the enol triflate 22 is coupled to an aryl boronic acid with a catalyst such as Pd(Ph3P)4 to give 23. The ketal is removed under acidic conditions and the resultant ketone is subjected to reductive amination followed by urea formation as described earlier to provide compounds of type 1e.

[0153] A method of preparation of compounds of type 1f proceeds according to Scheme 8: 20

[0154] Enol ether 26, where Zc is as previously defined, is brominated to provide vinyl bromide 27. Enone 27 is reduced to the allylic alcohol 28 with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride. Cross-coupling of 28 with a boronic acid provides arylated enol 29. Cyclopropanation of 29 occurs upon treatment with Et2Zn and CH2I2 to afford cyclopropyl alcohol 30. Oxidation proceeds under standard conditions, such as by treatment with Dess-Martin periodinane to give ketone 31. Reductive amination and treatment with an isocyanate under standard conditions provides compounds of type 1f.

[0155] Still another method of preparation of compounds of type 1d proceeds according to Scheme 9. 21

[0156] Ketone 15, where Za and Zb are as previously defined, undergoes reductive amination to provide amino-alcohol 17. Treatment of the resultant amine with an isocyanate followed by oxidation of the hydroxyl with a suitable oxidant affords aldehyde 33. Reductive amination of 33 with an amine (herein defined as R1) provides compounds of type 1d.

[0157] Compounds of type 1g can be prepared according to 22

[0158] Enone 7a, prepared as described in Scheme 2, is treated with a strong base such as sodium hydride, optionally in the presence of a silylating agent such as trimethylsilyl chloride, followed by treatment with an alkylating agent such as methyl iodide to give, is after purification, compound 34. This can be converted to compound 1g by methods analogous to those described above.

[0159] In some cases the procedures described in Scheme 1-Scheme 10 may optionally be carried out in library or parallel synthesis format using resin bound reagents either as reactant or to aid in purification, such as for instance, resin-bound isocyanate to scavenge excess amines or trisamine resin to scavange excess isocyanate.

[0160] In some cases, one compound of this invention can be converted to another compound of this invention by well-known functional group transformations. For instance, an R1 group of this invention can be converted to another R1 group of this invention using standard methods known by those skilled in the art, including for instance alkylation, reductive alkylation, acylation, sulfonylation, or hydrolysis reactions. In further example, compounds wherein R7 is a sulfide can be oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone and compounds where R7 is a nitrile can be converted to, among others, the analogous imidazole, oxazole, tetrazole, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, carboxamide or methylamine derivatives. Other possible transformations of one compound of this invention to another will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0161] Yet another aspect of this invention are combinations of at least one compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and at least one compound from the compounds as illustrated below.

[0162] Accordingly, another aspect of this invention is a method for treating obesity comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human)

[0163] a. an amount of a first compound, said first compound being a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound; and

[0164] b. an amount of a second compound, said second compound being an antiobesity and/or anorectic agent such as a β3 agonist, a thyromimetic agent, an anoretic agent, or an NPY antagonist wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.

[0165] This invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical combination composition comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising at least one first compound, said first compound being a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound

[0166] a second compound, said second compound being an antiobesity and/or anorectic agent such as a β3 agonist, a thyromimetic agent, an anoretic, or an NPY antagonist; and/or optionally a pharmaceutical carrier, vehicle or diluent.

[0167] Another aspect of this invention is a kit comprising:

[0168] a. an amount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a first unit dosage form;

[0169] b. an amount of an antiobesity and/or anorectic agent such as a β3 agonist, a thyromimetic agent, an anoretic agent, or an NPY antagonist and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a second unit dosage form; and

[0170] c. means for containing said first and second dosage forms wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.

[0171] Preferred antiobesity and/or anorectic agents (taken singly or in any combination thereof) in the above combination methods, combination compositions and combination kits are:

[0172] phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, phentermine, a cholecystokinin-A (hereinafter referred to as CCK-A) agonist, a monoamine reuptake inhibitor (such as sibutramine), a sympathomimetic agent, a serotonergic agent (such as dexfenfluramine or fenfluramine), a dopamine agonist (such as bromocriptine), a melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor agonist or mimetic, a melanocyte-stimulating hormone analog, a cannabinoid receptor antagonist, a melanin concentrating hormone antagonist, the OB protein (hereinafter referred to as “leptin”), a leptin analog, a leptin receptor agonist, a galanin antagonist or a GI lipase inhibitor or decreaser (such as orlistat). Other anorectic agents include bombesin agonists, dehydroepiandrosterone or analogs thereof, glucocorticoid receptor agonists and antagonists, orexin receptor antagonists, urocortin binding protein antagonists, agonists of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor such as Exendin and ciliary neurotrophic factors such as Axokine.

[0173] Another aspect of this invention is a method of treating diabetes comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human)

[0174] a. an amount of a first compound, said first compound being a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound; and,

[0175] b. an amount of a second compound, said second compound being an aldose reductase inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor, a dipeptidyl protease inhibitor, insulin (including orally bioavailable insulin preparations), an insulin mimetic, metformin, acarbose, a PPAR-gamma ligand such as troglitazone, rosaglitazone, pioglitazone or GW-1929, a sulfonylurea, glipazide, glyburide, or chlorpropamide wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.

[0176] This invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical combination composition comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a first compound, said first compound being a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound;

[0177] a second compound, said second compound being an aldose reductase inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor, a dipeptidyl protease inhibitor, insulin (including orally bioavailable insulin preparations), an insulin mimetic, mefformin, acarbose, a PPAR-gamma ligand such as troglitazone, rosaglitazone, pioglitazone, or GW-1929, a sulfonylurea, glipazide, glyburide, or chlorpropamide; and optionally a pharmaceutical carrier, vehicle or diluent.

[0178] Another aspect of this invention is a kit comprising:

[0179] a. an amount of a compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a first unit dosage form;

[0180] b. an amount of an aldose reductase inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor, a dipeptidyl protease inhibitor, insulin (including orally bioavailable insulin preparations), an insulin mimetic, mefformin, acarbose, a PPAR-gamma ligand such as troglitazone, rosaglitazone, pioglitazone, or GW-1929, a sulfonylurea, glipazide, glyburide, or chlorpropamide and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a second unit dosage form; and

[0181] c. means for containing said first and second dosage forms wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.

[0182] Preferably, the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form. In such form, the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active component, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.

[0183] The quantity of active compound in a unit dose of preparation may be varied or adjusted from about 1 mg to about 100 mg, preferably from about 1 mg to about 50 mg, more preferably from about 1 mg to about 25 mg, according to the particular application.

[0184] The actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the requirements of the patient and the severity of the condition being treated. Determination of the proper dosage regimen for a particular situation is within the skill of the art. For convenience, the total daily dosage may be divided and administered in portions during the day as required.

[0185] The amount and frequency of administration of the compounds of the invention and/or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof will be regulated according to the judgment of the attending clinician considering such factors as age, condition and size of the patient as well as severity of the symptoms being treated. A typical recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration can range from about 1 mg/day to about 300 mg/day, preferably 1 mg/day to 50 mg/day, in two to four divided doses.

[0186] This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity, and eating disorders such as hyperphagia.

[0187] For preparing pharmaceutical compositions from the compounds described by this invention, inert, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers can be either solid or liquid. Solid form preparations include powders, tablets, dispersible granules, capsules, cachets and suppositories. The powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent active ingredient. Suitable solid carriers are known in the art, e.g., magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar or lactose. Tablets, powders, cachets and capsules can be used as solid dosage forms suitable for oral administration. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and methods of manufacture for various compositions may be found in A. Gennaro (ed.), Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th Edition, (1990), Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.

[0188] Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injection or addition of sweeteners and opacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.

[0189] Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as an inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.

[0190] Also included are solid form preparations that are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration. Such liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.

[0191] The compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally. The transdermal compositions can take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.

[0192] The compounds of this invention may also be delivered subcutaneously.

[0193] Preferably the compound is administered orally.

[0194] The invention disclosed herein is exemplified by the following preparations and examples which should not be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. Alternative mechanistic pathways and analogous structures will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0195] Where NMR data are presented, 1H spectra were obtained on either a Varian VXR-200 (200 MHz, 1H), Varian Gemini-300 (300 MHz) or XL-400 (400 MHz) and are reported as ppm down field from Me4Si with number of protons, multiplicities, and coupling constants in Hertz indicated parenthetically. Where LC/MS data are presented, analyses was performed using an Applied Biosystems API-100 mass spectrometer and Shimadzu SCL-10A LC column: Altech platinum C18, 3 micron, 33 mm×7 mm ID; gradient flow: 0 min—10% CH3CN, 5 min—95% CH3CN, 7 min—95% CH3CN, 7.5 min—10% CH3CN, 9 min—stop. The retention time and observed parent ion are given.

[0196] The following solvents and reagents may be referred to by their abbreviations in parenthesis:

[0197] Thin layer chromatography (TLC);

[0198] ethyl acetate (AcOEt or EtOAc);

[0199] sodium triacetoxyborohydride (NaBH(OAc3));

[0200] di-t-butyl carbonate (BOC2O);

[0201] trifluoroacetate (TFA);

[0202] ammonia chloride (NH4Cl);

[0203] titanium tetraisoproposice (Ti(O-iPr)4;

[0204] N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (iPr2NEt);

[0205] triethylamine (Et3N or TEA);

[0206] butoxycarbonyl (n-Boc or Boc);

[0207] nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H NMR);

[0208] liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS);

[0209] high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS);

[0210] hexane (hex);

[0211] is milliliters (mL);

[0212] millimoles (mmol);

[0213] microliters (μl);

[0214] grams (g);

[0215] milligrams (mg);

[0216] room temperature (ambient) about 25° C. (rt).

EXAMPLES

[0217] The following examples illustrate the preparation of some of the compounds of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting-the scope of the invention disclosed herein.

Method 1

Example 1

[0218] 23

[0219] Step 1

[0220] 3-bromobenzonitrile (20 g, 0.11 mole) was dissolved in 500 ml dry THF and the solution was cooled to −100° C. n-Butyllithium (1.6 M in hexane, 68 ml, 0.11 mole) was added over one hour via an addition funnel. During this time, the temperature inside the reaction flask was kept under −95° C. After n-butyllithium was added, the reaction was stirred at −95° C. for 10 minutes. 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4,5]decan-8-one (17.1 g, 0.11 mole) in 100 ml dry THF was added via another addition funnel over one hour. During this time the reaction temperature was kept under −75 ° C. The reaction was stirred for 30 minutes, and the temperature was slowly raised to −25 ° C. The reaction was then quenched by adding 200 ml water and one liter of ethyl acetate was added. The organic layer was washed with water (3×400 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was removed by vacuum. The residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexane mixture to give rise to 15.5 g pure product. The crude product from mother liquor was purified by flash chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate (70/30) as the eluent. An additional 8.0 g pure product was obtained from the column.

[0221] (Total yield: 23.5 g, 82%).

[0222] Step 2

[0223] The product from step 1 (1.5 g, 5.8 mmole) was dissolved in 100 ml acetone and toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.2 g) was added. The reaction was refluxed for one hour. Acetone was removed and residue was dissolved in 100 mL ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water (3×100 ml), dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was removed, the residue (1.2 g, 100%) was used in next step without further purification. Alternatively, the product of step 1 can be treated with TFA as described in Example 91 to eliminate the hydroxyl group yielding the corresponding olefin.

[0224] Step 3

[0225] The product from step 2 (1.4 g, 6.5 mmole), 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine (1.5 g, 13 mmole) and sodium cyanoborohydride (0.8 g, 13 mmole) were stirred in 100 ml methylene chloride at room temperature overnight. The organic layer was washed with water (3×50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed by vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine (65/34/1) as the eluent. Two isomers were obtained from the column; trans-1-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamino]-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexane, (0.91 g, 45%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.82 (s, 1 H), 7.75 (d, J=7.69 Hz, 1 H), 7.50 (d, J=7.69 Hz, 1 H), 7.40 (t, J=7.69 Hz, 1 H), 2.80 (m, 1 H), 2.68 (t, J=6.04 Hz, 2 H), 2.57 (t, J=6.04 Hz, 2 H), 2.48 (s, 4 H), 2.22 (s, 2 H), 1.93 (s, 2 H), 1.73 (s, 4 H), 1.51 (m, 4 H) and cis-1-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamino]-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexane (0.40 g, 20%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ7.82 (s, 1 H), 7.74 (d, J=7.69 Hz, 1 H), 7.53 (d, J=7.69 Hz, 1 H), 7.43 (t, J=7.69 Hz, 1 H), 2.78 (t, J=6.04 Hz, 2 H), 2.59 (t, J=6.04 Hz, 2 H), 2.49 (m, 5 H), 1.56-1.96 (m, 8 H).

[0226] Step 4

[0227] Trans-1-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]-4-(3-cyanophenyl )-4-hydroxycyclohexane (25 mg, 0.08 mmole) and 3-trifluoro-4-fluorophenylisocyanate (15 mg, 0.08 mmole) were stirred in 3 ml methylene chloride at room temperature overnight. The reaction solution was loaded directly onto a preparative TLC plate and the plate was developed with ethyl acetate. The major compound is the desired product, N′-(3-trifluoro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-[trans-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexyl]-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]urea (21 mg HCl salt, 49%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ11.2 (s, 1H), 7.84 (s, 1 H), 7.82 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.50-7.64 (m, 3 H), 7.41 (dd, J=6.2 and 2.5 Hz 1 H), 7.06 (t, J=9.3 Hz, 1 H), 4.36 (tt, J=12, 3.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.06 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 2 H), 2.50-2.70 (m, 8 H), 1.77-2.05 (m, 8 H), 1.28 (q, J=12.4 Hz, 2 H).

[0228] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 1, the following compounds were prepared. Example 2 was prepared from commercially available 4-phenylcyclohexanone using the procedures described in Example 1, steps 3 and 4.

			HRMS
Ex.	STRUCTURE	Mass	(M + 1)	NMR
2	24	459
3	25	474	475.166
4	26	474	475.166
5	27	492	463.2222
6	28	458	459.1968
7	29	542	543.2198
8	30	508	509.1923
9	31	492	493.2236
10	32	442	443.2262
11	33	442	443.2266
12	34	500	501.1831
13	35	500	501.1831
14	36	518	519.2373	1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) 11.2(s, 1H), 7.84(m, 2H), 7.42-7.70(m, 5H), 7.08(t, J=9.2Hz, 1H), 4.30(br, 1H), 3.40(t,J=3.7Hz, 2H), 2.81(t, J=3.7Hz, 2H), 2.73(br, 4H), 1.70-2.00(m, 12H).
15	37	484	485.2113
16	38	568	569.2343
17	39	534	535.2081
18	40	518	519.2373
19	41	468	469.241
20	42	468	469.241
21	43	500	501.1831
22	44	500	501.1831
23	45	484	485.2125
24	46	568	569.2354
25	47	534	535.2094
26	48	518	519.2376
27	49	468	469.2423
28	50	468	469.2419
29	51	543	LCMS(544.1)
30	52	493	493.1(LCMS)
31	53	509	510.1(LCMS)
32	54	525	526.1(LCMS)
33	55	493	494.1(LCMS)
34	56	525	526.1(LCMS)
35	57	559	560.1(LCMS)
36	58	543	544.1(LCMS)
37	59	450	451.2303
38	60	466	467.2021
39	61	482	483.1747
40	62	450	451.2317
41	63	482	483.1785
42	64	516	517.1988
43	65	500	501.2267
44	66	500	501.2267
45	67	459	460.1914
46	68	475	476.1665
47	69	491	492.1379
48	70	459	460.1959
49	71	491	492.1374
50	72	525	526.1652
51	73	509	510.1931
52	74	509	510.1926

Method 2

Example 53a Example 53b

[0229] 75

[0230] Step 1

[0231] 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-one ethylene ketal (from step 1 of method 1, 10 g, 39 mmole) was dissolved in 80 ml trifluoroacetic acid. The mixture was heated to 50° C. for four hours. Trifluoroacetic acid was removed under vacuum and the residue was partitioned between 200 ml ethyl acetate and 100 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was washed with water (2×100 ml) dried over sodium sulfate. The product was purified by column using hexane/ethyl acetate (85/15) as the eluent. Two products were obtained; 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-one (3.1 g, 41%) and 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-one (4.0 g, 53%).

[0232] Step 2

[0233] The mixture of 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-one and 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-one (total 1.8 g, 9.1 mmole) was dissolved in 50 ml ethyl acetate. The catalyst, Pt/C (10%, 0.5 g) was then added and mixture was shaken overnight under 45 psi hydrogen gas. The catalyst was filtered off and solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue is a mixture of cis and trans 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-hydroxycyclohexane (1.8 g, 98%).

[0234] Step 3

[0235] The mixture of cis and trans 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-1-hydroxycyclohexane (1.8 g, 9 mmole) was dissolved in 100 ml methylene chloride and Dess-Martin reagent(4.2 g, 10 mmole) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for five hours. The reaction solution was washed with water (3×100 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The product was purified by column chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate (85/15) as the eluent to afford 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane-1-one (1, 1 g, 63%).

[0236] Step 4

[0237] 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane-1-one (0.32 g, 1.6 mmole), 2-aminoethylpyrrolidine (0.36 g, 3.2 mmole) and sodium cyanoborohydride (0.2 g, 3.2 mmole) were stirred in 20 ml methylene chloride at room temperature for two hours. 50 ml methylene chloride was added. The organic layer was washed with water (3×50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed by vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate/methanol/triethylamine (89/10/1) as the eluent. The product is a mixture of cis and trans-1-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamino]-4-(3-cyanophenyl )-cyclohexane (0.2 g, 48%)

[0238] Step 5

[0239] The mixture of cis and trans-1-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylamino]-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (20 mg, 0.067 mmole) and 3,5-dichloro phenylisocyanate (20 mg, 0.11 mmole) were stirred in 5 ml methylene chloride at room temperature overnight. The reaction solution was loaded directly onto a preparative silica gel TLC plate and the plate was developed in ethyl acetate/hexane(70/30). Two products were isolated from the plate; N′-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-[cis-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexyl]-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]urea (6.5 mg HCl salt, 19%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ11.3 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1 H), 7.62 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.45-7.55 (m, 2 H), 7.29 (s, 2H), 6.91(s, 1 H), 4.30 (tt, J=12 and 3.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.12 (m, 3 H), 2.68 (m, 6 H), 1.70-2.36 (m, 12 H), and N′-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-N-[trans-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexyl]-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]urea (15.5 mg HCl salt, 46%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ11.3 (s, 1H), 7.38-7.52 (m, 4 H), 7.31 (s, 2H), 6.92(s, 1 H), 4.25 (tt, J=12 and 3.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.35 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 2 H), 2.79 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 2 H), 2.73 (b, 4 H), 2.50 (tt, J=12 and 3.7 Hz, 1 H), 1.48-2.02 (m, 12 H).

[0240] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 53, the following compounds were prepared.

			HRMS
Ex	STRUCTURE	Mass	(M + 1)	NMR
54	76	468	469.2175
55	77	484	485.1875
56	78	484	485.188
57	79	502	503.2443	1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) 11.2(s, 1H), 7.60-7.68(m, 3H), 7.42-7.54(m, 3H), 7.07(t, J=9.3Hz, 1H), 4.33(tt, J=12.1 and 4.0Hz, 1H), 3.13(t, J=3.6Hz, 2H), 3.10(br, 1H), 2.68(br. 6H), 2.33(m, 2H), 2.01(tt, J=14 and 4.1Hz, 2H), 1.60-1.90(m, 6H), 1.30-1.45(m, 2H).
58	80	502	503.2438	1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) 11.2(s, 1H), 7.62-7.70(m, 1H), 7.36-7.52(m, 5H), 7.08(t, J=9.5Hz), 4.28(tt, J=12 and 3.7Hz, 1H), 3.36(t, J=4.2Hz, 2H), 2.80(t, J=4.2Hz, 2H), 2.74(br, 4H), 2.51(tt, J=12 and 3.7Hz, 1H), 1.48-2.01(m, 12H).
59	81	552	553.2399
60	82	552	553.2404
61	83	518	519.2137
62	84	518	519.2132
63	85	502	503.2438
64	86	502	503.2438
65	87	452	453.246
66	88	452	453.2465
67	89	452	453.2465
68	90	452	453.246
69	91	500	501.1827
70	92	498	499.2041
71	93	498	499.2036
72	94	498	499.2036
73	95	498	499.2041
74	96	516	517.2599
75	97	516	517.2599
76	98	516	483.2334
77	99	482	483.2339
78	100	532	533.2303
79	101	532	533.2299
80	102	516	517.2599
81	103	516	517.2599
82	104	466	467.2615
83	105	466	467.2619
84	106	466	467.2619
85	107	466	467.2619
86	108	545	546.1(LCMS)
87	109	595	596.2565
88	110	595	596.2565
89	111	613	614.3108
90	112	613	614.3108

Method 3

Example 91

[0241] 113

[0242] N′-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-[trans-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexyl]-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]urea (from step 4 of method 1, 0.12 g, 0.26 mmole), 15 ml trifluoroacetic acid were heated to 80° C. for eight hours, then room temperature overnight. Trifluoroacetic acid was removed and residue was partitioned between 60 ml ethyl acetate and 60 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was washed with water (2×50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The final product from organic layer was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate as the eluent (93 mg, 82%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ11.09 (s, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1 H), 7.58 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.52 (m, 3 H), 7.15 (m, 1H), 7.01 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.11 (t, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (m, 1 H), 3.32 (t, J=4.1 Hz, 2 H), 1.70-2.82 (m, 16 H).

[0243] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 91, the following compounds were prepared.

			HRMS
Ex	STRUCTURE	Mass	(M + 1)	NMR
92	114	456	457.1555
93	115	490	LCMS(491.1)
94	116	482	483.1726	1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) 11.1(br, 1H), 7.63(s, 1H), 7.58(d, J=7.8Hz, 1H), 7.52(d, J=7.7Hz, 1H) 7.37-7.44(m, 3H), 6.94(s, 1H), 6.11(br, 1H), 4.50(m, 1H), 3.38(t, J=4.1Hz, 2H), 1.70-2.82(m, 16H).
95	117	482	483.1726
96	118	500	501.2268
97	119	550	551.2239
98	120	516	517.1987
99	121	500	501.2272
100	122	450	451.2312
101	123	450	451.2317

Method 4

Example 102

[0244] 124

[0245] Step 1

[0246] 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane-1-one (from step 3 of method 2, 0.7 g, 3.5 mmole), aminoethanol (0.64 g, 10.5 mmole) and sodium triacetoxylborohydride (2.2 g, 10.5 mmole) were refluxed in 50 ml methylene chloride for 24 hours. 50 ml water was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was washed with water (3×50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed by vacuum. The residue was used in the next step without further purification. The product is a mixture of cis and trans-1-[2-hydroxy-ethylamino]-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane.

[0247] Step 2

[0248] The mixture of cis and trans-1-(2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (from Step 1) was suspended in 50 ml ether and 50 ml 1N sodium hydroxide solution. Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (1.8 mg, 10.5 mmole) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. 3 ml of ammonium hydroxide solution was added to quench excess di-tert-butyl dicarbonate. The ether layer was washed with water (2×50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The residue was purified by column using ethyl acetate/hexane (35/65) as the eluent. The product is a mixture of cis- and trans-1-(N-Boc-2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (0.85 g, 71% for two steps).

[0249] Step 3

[0250] The mixture of cis- and trans-1-(N-Boc-2-hydroxy-ethylamino)-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (0.85 g, 2.5 mmole) and Dess-Martin reagent (1.15 g, 2.7 mmole) were stirred in 50 ml methylene chloride overnight. The reaction solution was washed with water (2×50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate. The residue from organic layer was purified by column chromatography using hexane/ethyl acetate (85/15) as the eluent. The product is the mixture of cis and trans-1-(N-Boc-2-oxo-ethylamino)-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (0.67 g, 79%).

[0251] Step 4

[0252] The mixture of cis and trans-1-(N-Boc-2-oxo-ethylamino)-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (0.27 g, 0.79 mmole), (R)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine (0.2 g, 2.4 mmole) and sodium triacetoxylborohydride (0.67 g, 3.2 mmole) were stirred in 50 ml methylene chloride for 5 hours. 50 ml water was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was washed with water (3×50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed via vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate/methanol (90/10) as the eluent. The product is the mixture of cis and trans-1-[N-Boc-2-(3-(R)-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylamino]-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (0.25 g, 77%).

[0253] Step 5

[0254] The mixture of cis and trans-1-[N-Boc-2-(3-(R)-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylamino]-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (0.25 g, 0.61 mmole) was dissolved in 15 ml 4N hydrogen chloride in dioxane. The solution was stirred at room temperature for one hour. The solvent was removed and the residue was partitioned between 50 ml methylene chloride and 50 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was washed with water (2×50 ml) and dried over sodium sulfate. After the solvent was removed, the residue was used in the next step without further purification. The product is the mixture of cis and trans-1-[2-(3-(R)-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylamino]-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (0.18 g, 95%)

[0255] Step 6

[0256] The mixture of cis and trans-1-[2-(3-(R)-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylamino]-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexane (60 mg, 0.19 mmole) and 3-chloro-4-fluoro phenylisocyanate (50 mg, 0.29 mmole) was stirred in 5 ml methylene chloride at room temperature overnight. The reaction solution was loaded directly onto a preparative TLC plate and the plate was developed in ethyl acetate/hexane(85/15). Two products were isolated from the plate; N′-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-[cis-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexyl]-N-[2-(3-(R)-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]urea (35.9 mg HCl salt, 36%) 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ10.73 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.71 (m, 4 H), 7.42-7.53 (m, 2 H), 7.03 (t, J=9.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.48 (m, 1 H), 4.29 (tt, J=12.0 and 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.00-3.17 (m, 4 H), 2.66-2.85 (m, 4 H), 1.76-2.52 (m, 8 H), 1.60-1.70 (m, 2 H0, 1.30-1.45 (m, 2 H) and N′-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-[trans-4-(3-cyanophenyl)-cyclohexyl]-N-[2-(R-3-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]urea (38.6mg HCl salt, 39%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ10.73 (s, 1H), 7.67-7.73 (m, 2 H), 7.36-7.51 (m, 4 H), 7.03 (t, J=9.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.51 (m, 1 H), 4.24 (tt, J=12.0 and 4.0 Hz, 1 H), 3.35 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 2 H), 3.10 (m, 1 H), 2.75-2.90 (m, 4 H), 2.52 (m, 2 H), 2.22 (m, 1 H), 1.80-2.00 (m, 6 H), 1.45-1.70 (m, 4 H).

[0257] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 102, the following compounds were prepared.

			HRMS
Ex	STRUCTURE	Mass	(M + 1)	NMR
103	125	500	501.1837
104	126	500	501.1832
105	127	484	485.2125
106	128	484	485.2125
107	129	500	501.1832
108	130	500	501.1827
109	131	500	501.1832
110	132	500	501.1832
111	133	108	500
112	134	518	519.2377
113	135	484	485.2125
114	136	484	485.2121
115	137	534	535.2091
116	138	534	535.2085
117	139	518	519.1(LCMS)
118	140	518	519.2389
119	141	468	469.1(LCMS)
120	142	468	469.2414
121	143	468	469.241
122	144	468	469.241

Method 5

Example 123

[0258] 145

[0259] a. Preparation of N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(S)-hydroxy-pyrrolidine

[0260] Step 1

[0261] 3-(S)-hydroxypyrrodine(0.5 g, 5.7 mmole), 1.0 g of iodoacetonitrile (1.0 g, 6.0 mmole) and potassium carbonate (2.4 g, 17.4 mmole were stirred in 20 ml methylene chloride at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solid was washed with methylene chloride. The combined organic solution was rotavaped to dryness to afford an oil which is N-(cyanomethyl)-3-(S)-hydroxy-pyrrolidine (0.60 g, yield 84%). This product was used in the step without further purification.

[0262] Step 2

[0263] The nitrile intermediate obtained from Step 1 was dissolved in 20 ml dry THF and the solution cooled to −20° C. Lithium aluminum hydride (1.0 M in THF, 10 mL) was added dropwise to the above solution. After the lithium aluminum hydride was added, the reaction solution was heated at 75° C. for 2 hrs. The reaction was cooled to −78° C. and quenched with 5 ml of MeOH. The reaction was warmed to room temperature and filtered through a celite cake. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness and 80 ml of methylene chloride was added. The solution was filtered through celite again and the filtrate was concentrated. The desired product N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(S)-hydroxy-pyrrolidine (0.24 g, 39%) was used in the next step without further purification.

[0264] b. Preparation of 6-(3-cyanophenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one

[0265] Step 1

[0266] 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-one (from step 1 of method 2, 1.8 g, 9.0 mmole), ethylene glycol (2.8 g, 45 mmole) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (0.1 g, 0.5 mmole) were dissolved in 50 ml toluene. The reaction was refluxed for 2 hours. The organic layer was washed with water (2×50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The residue from the organic layer was purified by column chromatography using ethyl acetate/hexane (15/85) as the eluent to afford 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-one ethylene ketal(1.9 g, 87%).

[0267] Alternate Step 1:

[0268] 4-(3-Cyanophenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-one ethylene ketal (from step 1 of method 1, 20 g, 77 mmole) and Triethylamine (15.6 g, 154 mmole) were dissolved in 500 ml methylene chloride. Mesyl chloride (9.7 g, 85 mmole) in 100 ml methylene chloride was then added dropwise in one hour. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for five hours. Additional triethylamine and mesyl chloride (same amount as the first time) were added, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 more hour. 200 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was washed with water (2×200ml), dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was removed. The residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexane to give rise to 9.1 g pure product. Column purification of the compound in filtrate with ethyl acetate/hexane (80/20) give rise to additional 7.8 g pure product, 4-(3-Cyanophenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-one ethylene ketal (total yield:16.9 g, 91%).

[0269] Step 2

[0270] Diethylzinc(1 M in hexane, 19 ml, 19 mmole) was mixed with 50 ml methylene chloride and the mixture was cooled to 0 ° C. Trifluoroacetic acid (2.1 g, 19 mmole) in 20 mL methylene chloride was added. The mixture was stirred at 0 ° C. for 20 minutes. Diiodomethane (5 g, 19 mmole) in 10 ml methylene chloride was then added, followed by 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-one ethylene ketal (1.5 g, 6.2 mmole) in 20 mL methylene chloride. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. 50 ml 1N hydrogen chloride solution was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was separated, washed with water (2×50 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate. The product was purified by column using ethyl acetate/hexane (10/90) as the eluent to afford 6-(3-cyanophenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (0.8 g, 50%).

[0271] Step 3

[0272] 6-(3-cyanophenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (0.8 g, 3.1 mmole) was stirred in 20 ml methylene chloride/trifluoroacetic acid (1/1) for 30 minutes. The solvent was removed and the residue was partitioned between 100 ml ethyl acetate and 100 ml saturated sodium carbonate solution. The organic layer was washed with water (2×50 mL), dried with sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed by vacuum. The product was purified by column using ethyl acetate/hexane (10/90) as the eluent. (0.56 g, 85%).

[0273] Step 4

[0274] The products from procedure (a) and (b) are converted to the title compounds using the same procedure as steps 4 and 5 of method 2,

[0275] 123a: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ10.75 (s, 1H), 7.67-7.73 (m, 2 H), 7.33-7.53 (m, 4 H), 7.05 (t, J=9.3 Hz), 4.53 (m, 1 H), 4.15 (tt, J=11.5 and 3.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.35 (m, 2 H), 3.11 (m, 1 H), 2.75-2.92 (m, 4 H), 2.55 (m, 1 H), 1.36-2.30 (m, 9 H), 1.08 (dd, J=9.3 and 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 0.84 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1 H).

[0276] 123b: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ10.71 (s, 1H), 7.67-7.78 (m, 2 H), 7.34-7.53 (m, 4 H), 7.05 (t, J=9.3 Hz), 4.53 (m, 1 H). 4.21 (m, 1 H), 3.27 (m, 2 H), 3.10 (m, 1 H), 2.72-2.92 (m, 4 H), 2.55 (m, 1 H), 1.36-2.30 (m, 9 H), 0.99 (dd, J=9.3 and 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 0.76 (t, J=5.5 Hz, 1 H).

[0277] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 123, the following compounds were prepared.

			HRMS
Ex	STRUCTURE	Mass	(M + 1)	NMR
124	146	514	515.2427	1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) 11.2(s, 1H), 7.62-7.68(m, 1H), 7.34-7.56(m, 5H), 7.08(t, J=9.5Hz), 4.24(m, 1H), 3.27(m, 2H), 2.72-2.81(m, 6H), 2.24-2.44(m, 2H), 2.08-2.18(m, 1H), 1.90(br, 4H), 1.52-1.64(m, 2H), 1.26-1.44(m, 2H), 0.99(dd, J=9.3 and 4.8Hz, 1H), 0.76(t, J=4.8Hz, 1H).
125	147	480	497.1882
126	148	480	497.1882
127	149	512	513.1828	1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) 10.74(s, 1H), 7.62-7.68(m, 1H), 7.33-7.54(m, 5H), 6.91(t, J=1.65Hz), 4.55(m, 1H), 4.13(tt, J=11.5 and 3.9Hz, 1H), 3.36(t, J=4.4Hz, 2H), 3.12(q, J=7.7Hz, 1H), 2.70-2.94(m, 4H), 2.57(q, J=7.7Hz, 1H), 2.20-2.32(m, 2H), 1.84-2.16(m, 4H), 1.36-1.56(m, 3H), 1.08(dd, J=9.3 and 4.9Hz, 1H), 0.84(t, J=5.5Hz, 1H).
128	150	512	513.1828	1H NMR (300MHz, CDCl3) 10.74(d, J=7.7Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.53(m, 6H), 6.91(t, J=1.7Hz), 4.5(m, 1H), 4.19(m, 1H), 3.24(m, 2H), 3.09(m, 1H), 2.72-2.94(m, 4H), 2.46-2.62(m, 1H), 1.84-2.40(m, 5H), 1.51-1.70(m, 2H), 1.26-1.43(m, 2H), 0.99(dd, J=9.3 and 4.9Hz, 1H), 0.84(t, J=5.5Hz, 1H).
129	151	512	513.1833
130	152	512	513.1833
131	153	496	497.2123
132	154	496	497.2123
133	155	513	513.1833
134	156	513	513.816
135	157	513	513.1833
136	158	513	513.1828
137	159	531	531.2373
138	160	531	531.2373
139	161	497	497.2126
140	162	497	497.2125
		HRMS	LCMS
141	163		LC rt = 5.94 min. Spec. rotation = −35.16 Deg.
142	164		LC rt = 5. min. Spec. rotation = 38.5 Deg.
143	165		497.10 rt = 5.11 min. Spec. rotation = −43.77 Deg.
144	166		497.10 rt = 5.16 min. Spec. rotation = 41.51 Deg.
145	167	471.1721	471.1 rt = 5.31 min.
146	168	471.1721	471.1 rt = 5.35 min.
147	169	471.1721	471.1 rt = 5.21 min.
148	170	471.1721	471.1 rt = 5.21 min.
149	171	489.2289	489.1 rt = 5.08 min.
150	172	489.2289	489.1 rt = 5.08 min.
151	173	455.2009	455.1 rt = 4.95 min.
152	174	455.1998	455.1 rt = 4.98 min.
153	175	539.223	539.1 rt = 5.08 min.
154	176		499.1 rt = 5.28 min.
155	177		457.1 rt = 5.28 min.
156	178		457.1 rt = 5.29 min.
157	179		475.1 rt = 5.05 min.
158	180		441.1 rt = 5.01 min.
159	181	533.2338	533.1 rt = 5.25 min.
160	182	511.2024	511.1 rt = 5.85 min.
161	183	511.2024	511.1 rt = 6.02 min.
162	184	511.2024	511.1 rt = 5.78 min.
163	185	511.2024	511.1 rt = 6.02 min.
164	186	529.26	529.1 rt = 5.85 min.
165	187	529.26	529.1 rt = 5.85 min.
166	188	495.2331	495.1 rt = 5.55 min.
167	189	495.2331	495.1 rt = 5.72 min.
168	190	579.255	579.1 rt = 5.98 min.
169	191	579.255	579.1 rt = 6.08 min.
170	192	545.2303	545.1 rt = 5.88 min.
171	193	545.2295	545.1 rt = 6.05 min.
172	194	529.259	529.1 rt = 5.88 min.
173	195	529.259	529.1 rt = 5.92 min.
174	196	479.2622	479.1 rt = 5.52 min.
175	197	479.2622	479.1 rt = 5.72 min.
176	198	479.26	479.1 rt = 5.65 min.
177	199	479.2622	479.1 rt = 5.72 min.
	178	200	RT =5.05 min M/e =563.1	563.2664
	179	201	RT =5.3 min M/e =547.1	547.2693
	180	202	RT =5.18 min M/e =513.1	513.244
	181	203	RT =4.48 min M/e =556.1	556.286
	182	204	RT =4.88 min M/e =591.1	591.2965
	183	205	RT =4.85 min M/e =604.1	604.3269
	184	206	RT =5.28 min M/e =478.1	478.1805
	185	207	RT =5.48 min M/e =494.1	494.152

[0278] Experimental Procedures:

Example 186

[0279] 208 209

[0280] Step 1:

[0281] A solution of 3-bromobenzonitrile (26.8 g, 147.1 mmol) in THF (1000 mL) at −80° C. was treated with a solution of n-butyllithium (2.5 M in hexanes; 61.0 mL, 155 mmol) such that the reaction temperature remained <−78° C. After 15 min, a solution of 3-methoxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one (15 g, 134 mmol) in THF (80 mL) was added such that the reaction temperature remained <−78° C. The reaction mixture was warmed to −20° C. over 1.5 h, quenched with a solution of 1N HCl and concentrated in vacuo to remove THF. A solution of 1N HCl (100 mL) was added, the solution was stirred for 45 min. and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystallized at 0° C. from a solution of 1N HCl, filtered, rinsed with cold 1N HCl, H2O and ether to provide 16 (14.4 g, 59%) as a pale yellow solid.

[0282] Step 2:

[0283] A solution of ketone 16 (120 mg, 0.66 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (7 mL) was treated with 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine (110 μL, 0.86 mmol) followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (212 mg, 1.00 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with a solution of saturated NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product 17 was dissolved in dichloroethane (5 mL) and treated with diisopropylethyl amine (350 μL, 2.00 mmol) followed by 3,5-dichlorophenyl isocyanate (250 mg, 1.32 mmol). After 6 days, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc. The organic phase was dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (95:4.5:0.5 CH2Cl2, MeOH, NH4OH), followed by preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) (5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) furnished 18 (11.5 mg, 3.7% over 2 steps) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ11.46 (s, 1 H), 7.71−7.44 (m, 4 H), 7.33 (s, 2 H), 6.95 (s, 1 H), 6.12 (s, 1 H), 5.67 (m, 1 H), 3.41−3.17 (m, 2 H), 2.96−2.45 (m, 6 H), 2.10−1.77 (m, 4 H), 1.75−1.48 (m, 2 H), 1.30−1.25 (m, 2 H). 469.3, rt.=5.62 min (M+1), HRMS m/z 469.1568 [(M+H)+].

Example 187

[0284] 210

[0285] Step 1:

[0286] A solution of 16 (7.88 g, 43.0 mmol) in methanol (100 mL) at 0° C. was treated with CeCl3.7H2O (20.5 g, 55.0 mmol) followed portionwise by NaBH4 (2.10 g, 55.0 mmol). The reaction was warmed to ambient temperature over 12 h, quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and concentrated to remove MeOH. The concentrate was diluted with H2O and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. Trituration (10% EtOAc/Hex) at 0° C. and filtration afforded 19 (6.39 g, 80%) as a white powder.

[0287] Step 2:

[0288] A solution of allylic alcohol 19 (0.50 g, 2.7 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (75 mL) was treated with Et2Zn (1.0 M in hexanes; 14 mL, 14 mmol). After 10 min, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., treated with a solution of CH2I2 (1.13 mL, 14 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) drop-wise over 10 min and allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After 48 h, the reaction mixture was quenched slowly with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and stirred 10 min. The reaction mixture was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×), and the combined organic phases were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (40% EtOAc/Hex) gave 20 (500 mg, 93%) as a clear oil.

[0289] Step 3:

[0290] A solution of alcohol 20 (0.50 g, 2.51 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (25 mL) at 0° C. was treated with pyridine (445 μL, 5.50 mmol) followed by Dess-Martin periodinane (2.12 g, 5.0 mmol) and warmed to ambient temperature. After 2 h, 3 drops of H2O were added. After 30 min further, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, saturated aqueous Na2SO3, and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (25% EtOAc/Hex) gave 21 (440 mg, 89%) as a clear oil.

[0291] Step 4:

[0292] A solution of ketone 21 (65 mg, 0.33 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was treated with N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (55 μL, 0.494 mmol) followed by titanium tetraisopropoxide (118 μL, 0.396 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH (1 mL) and sodium borohydride (25 mg, 0.396 mmol) was added. After 2 h further, the reaction mixture was diluted with a solution of saturated aqueous sodium/potassium tartrate and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product 22 was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) and treated with diisopropylethyl amine (122 μL, 0.70 mmol) followed by 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl isocyanate (62 μL, 0.50 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Preparative thin layer chromatography (5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) furnished 23 (96 mg, 66% over 2 steps) as a clear oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ11.17 (s, 1 H), 7.51 (dd, J=6.6, 2.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.47−7.41 (m, 4 H), 7.11−6.96 (m, 2 H), 5.07 (ddd, J=11.0, 7.1, 3.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.47 (dd, J=14.8, 7.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.35 (dd, J=14.3, 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.70 (dd, J=13.7, 7.7 Hz, 1 H), 2.58 (dd, J=13.7, 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.42 (s, 6 H), 2.20−1.91 (m, 3 H), 1.71 (m, 1 H), 1.30−1.19 (m, 2 H), 0.94 (dd, J=7.1, 6.0 Hz, 1 H). LCMS: 441.1, rt.=4.65 min (M+1), HRMS m/z 441.1855 [(M+H)+].

[0293] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 187, the following compounds were prepared:

			LCMS	HRMS
EX.	STRUCTURE	Mass	(M + 1)	(M + H)+
188	211	483.43	483.3, rt. = 5.52 min	483.1722
189	212	466.98	467.3, rt. = 5.25 min	467.2020
190	213	482.98	483.1, rt = 4.85 min.	483.1960
191	214	482.98	483.1, rt. = 4.85 min.	483.1960
192	215	483.43	483.1, rt. = 5.28 min.	483.1725
193	216	516.53	517.1, rt. = 4.51 min.	517.2250
194	217	481.00	481.1, rt. = 4.88 min.	481.2173
195	218	468.99	469.1, rt. = 4.71 min.	469.2171
196	219	495.03	495.1, rt. = 4.81 min.	495.2330
197	220	570.42	572.1, rt. = 5.52 min.	572.1372
198	221	516.2148	517.1, rt = 5.25 min.	517.2236
199	222	516.2148	517.1, rt = 5.15 min.	517.2236
		LCMS	HRMS
EX.	STRUCTURE	(M + 1)	(M + H)+
200	223	517.1, rt. = 5.52 min	517.2232
201	224	544.3 rt. = 4.44 min
202	225	569.1 rt. = 5.05 min	569.2306
203	226	553.1 rt. = 4.88 min	553.2602
204	227	524.1, rt. = 5.58 min	524.2589
205	228	524.1, rt. = 5.55 min	524.2589

Example 206

[0294] 229 230 231

[0295] Step 1:

[0296] A solution of ketone 21 (500 mg, 2.54 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was treated 4-N-(2-Aminoethyl)-1-N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-piperazine (756 mg, 3.30 mmol) followed by titanium tetraisopropoxide (987 μL, 3.30 mmol). After 12 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH (1 mL) and sodium borohydride (192 mg, 5.10 mmol) was added. After 2 h further, the reaction mixture was diluted with a solution of saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product (820 mg) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (20 mL) and treated with N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (870 μL, 5.0 mmol) followed by 3-trifluoromethyl-4-fluorophenyl isocyanate (430 μL, 3.0 mmol). After 12 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (gradient 40%→60% EtOAc/Hex) furnished 25 (450 mg, 29% over 2 steps) as a clear oil.

[0297] Step 2:

[0298] A solution of 25 (450 mg, 0.731 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (6 mL) at 0° C. was treated with TFA (1.4 mL) and warmed ambient temperature. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo to provide 26 (370 mg, 98%) as a yellow oil.

[0299] Step 3:

[0300] A solution of amine 26 (80 mg, 0.155 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) was treated with Na2SO4 (350 mg, 2.5 mmol), formaldehyde (37% in H2O; 50 μL, 0.6 mmol) and NaB(OAc)3H (160 mg, 0.75 mmol). After 12 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Preparative thin layer chromatography (5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) furnished 27 (47 mg, 57%) as a clear oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ10.34 (s, 1 H), 7.76 (m, 1 H), 7.61 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1 H), 7.49−7.42 (m, 2 H), 7.40−7.34 (m, 2 H), 7.11 (dd, J=9.9, 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 5.07 (ddd, J=11.0, 6.6, 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.53 (dd, J=15.9, 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 3.40 (dd, J=15.4, 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.79−2.55 (m, 1 H), 2.33 (s, 3 H), 2.20−1.92 (m, 3 H), 1.71 (m, 1 H), 1.37−1.17 (m, 2 H), 0.96 (dd, J=6.6, 6.6 Hz, 1 H). LCMS: 530.1, rt.=4.85 min (M+1), HRMS mlz 530.2538 [(M+H)+].

[0301] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 206, the following compounds were prepared:

			LCMS	HRMS
EX.	STRUCTURE	Mass	(M + 1)	(M + H)+
207	232	557.63	558.1, rt. = 5.22 min	558.2863
208	233	571.65	572.1, rt. = 5.12 min	572.3020
209	234	569.64	570.1, rt. = 4.95 min.	570.2850
210	235	515.55	516.1, rt. = 4.91 min.	516.2378
211	236	510.1, rt. = 4.98 min	510.2431
212	237	538.1 rt. = 5.05 min	538.2744
213	238	496.1, rt. = 4.31 min	496.2279
214	239	550.1, rt. = 4.71 min	550.2749
215	240	524.1, rt. = 5.58 min	524.2589
216	241	524.1, rt. = 5.55 min	524.2589
217	242	529.1, rt. = 5.42 min	529.2595
218	243	543.1, rt. = 5.55 min	543.2752
219	244	583.1, rt. = 5.65 min	583.3065
220	245	600.1, rt. = 5.75 min	600.2717
221	246	584.1, rt. = 5.48 min	584.3012
222	247	566.1, rt. = 5.78 min	566.2453
223	248	496.1, rt. = 5.15 min	496.2279
224	249	510.1, rt. = 5.45 min	510.2436

Example 225

[0302] 250 251 252

[0303] Step 1:

[0304] A solution of ketone 21 (440 mg, 2.23 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) was treated with 4-amino-1-butanol (247 μL, 2.68 mmol) followed by titanium tetraisopropoxide (800 μL, 2.68 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH (2 mL) and sodium borohydride (130 mg, 3.40 mmol) was added. After 1.5 h further, the reaction mixture was diluted with a solution of saturated aqueous sodium/potassium tartrate, CH2Cl2 and stirred vigorously. After 12 h, the solution was extracted with CH2Cl2 (4×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product (560 mg) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (4 mL) and treated with triethylamine (TEA or Et3N) (280 μL, 2.0 mmol) followed by di-t-butyl carbonate (437 mg, 2.0 mmol). After 12 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl, NaHCO3, brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (50% EtOAc/Hex) gave 28 (700 mg, 80% over 2 steps) as a clear oil.

[0305] Step 2:

[0306] A solution of alcohol 28 (700 mg, 1.81 mmol) in THF (9 mL) at 0° C. was treated with carbon tetrabromide (1.2 g, 3.6 mmol) followed by triphenylphosphine (1.05 g, 4.0 mmol) and warmed to ambient temperature. After 45 min, the reaction mixture was diluted with diethyl ether, filtered through celite, rinsed and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (10% EtOAc/Hex) gave 29 (770 mg, 95%) as a clear oil.

[0307] Step 3:

[0308] A solution of 29 (150 mg, 0.333 mmol) in CH3CN was treated with K2CO3 (70 mg, 0.50 mmol), morpholine (32 μL, 0.367 mmol) and heated to 70° C. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic extracts were washed with NaHCO3, brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo to provide crude 30 as a clear oil.

[0309] Step 4:

[0310] A solution of crude 30 (≦0.333 mmol) in 20% TFA/CH2Cl2 (3.6 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo to provide 31 as a yellow oil.

[0311] Step 5:

[0312] A solution of 31 (≦0.333 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 mL) was treated with diisopropylethyl amine (87 μL, 0.50 mmol) followed by 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-fluorophenyl isocyanate (57 μL, 0.40 mmol). After 12 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Preparative thin layer chromatography (5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) furnished 32 (136 mg, 75% over 3 steps) as a clear oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.59−7.54 (m, 2 H), 7.48−7.44 (m, 2 H), 7.39−7.37 (m, 2 H), 7.11 (dd, J=9.9, 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.95 (s, 1 H), 5.00 (ddd, J=10.4, 6.6, 3.5 Hz, 1 H), 3.80−3.60 (m, 4 H), 3.50−3.26 (m, 2 H), 2.62−2.32 (m, 6 H), 2.16 (dd, J=11.0, 7.1 Hz, 1 H), 2.10-2.94 (m, 2 H), 1.87−1.72 (m, 3 H), 1.67−1.56 (m, 2 H), 1.42−1.27 (m, 2 H), 0.99 (dd, J=7.1, 6.0 Hz, 1 H). LCMS: 545.1, rt.=5.38 min (M+1), HRMS m/z 544.2543 [(M+H)+].

[0313] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 225, the following compounds were prepared:

			LCMS	HRMS
EX.	STRUCTURE	Mass	(M + 1)	(M + H)+
226	253	557.63	558.1, rt. = 4.85 min	558.2851
227	254	542.61	544.1, rt. =5.55 min	543.2757
		LCMS	HRMS
EX.	STRUCTURE	(M + 1)	(M + H)+
228	255	524.1, rt. = 4.38 min	524.2599
229	256	558.1 rt. = 4.71 min	558.2856
230	257	524.1 rt. = 4.75 min
231	258	541.1 rt. = 4.65 min	541.2249

Examples 232

[0314] 259

[0315] Step 1:

[0316] A solution of sodamide (5.0 g, 128 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was treated with a solution of 1,4-dioxaspiro[4,5]decan-8-one (5.0 g, 32 mmol) in THF (25 mL). After 30 min, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., and methyl iodide (4.8 mL, 77 mmol) was added dropwise maintaining the reaction temperature <20° C. The reaction was stirred at rt for 1 h, quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with Et2O (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (20% Et2O/Pentane) gave 1 (3.24 g, 55%) as a clear, volatile liquid:

[0317] Step 2:

[0318] A solution of ketone 1 (3.24 g, 17.6 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (170 mL) at 0 ° C. was treated with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine (5.4 g, 26.4 mmol) followed by Tf2O (3.55 mL, 21.1 mmol) and warmed to ambient temperature. After 60 h, the reaction was quenched with 1 M citric acid and extracted with Et2O (2×). The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product 2 was dissolved in DME/H2O (4:1, 65 mL), and treated with Na2CO3 (6.75 g, 63.4 mmol), LiCl (2.7 g, 63.4 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (4.65 g, 31.7 mmol) and Pd(Ph3P)4 (1.0 g, 0.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was evacuated, purged with nitrogen (2×) and heated to 80 ° C. After 18 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (10% EtOAc/Hex) gave 3 (2.80 g, 59% over 2 steps) as a yellow liquid:

[0319] Step 3:

[0320] A solution of ketal 3 (1.0 g, 3.71 mmol) in acetone/H2O (4:1, 20 mL) was treated with PPTs (1.4 g, 5.57 mmol) and heated to 60° C. After 18 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and concentrated. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (10% EtOAc/Hex) gave 4 (520 mg, 62%) as a yellow solid:

[0321] Step 4:

[0322] A solution of ketone 4 (150 mg, 0.666 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was treated with 1-(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidine (127 μL, 1.0 mmol) followed by titanium tetraisopropoxide is (300 μL, 1.0 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with MeOH (1 mL) and sodium borohydride (50 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added. After 2 h further, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo to provide crude 5 (250 mg) as a yellow oil.

[0323] Step 5:

[0324] A solution of crude 5 (100 mg, <0.309 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was treated with diisopropylethyl amine (108 μL, 0.618 mmol) followed by 3,5-dichlorophenyl isocyanate (87 mg, 0.464 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Preparative thin layer chromatography (75% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 6 (41 mg, 26% over 2 steps) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) d 11.33 (s, 1 H), 7.54 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.41−7.34 (m, 3 H), 7.36 (s, 2 H), 6.92 (s, 1 H), 5.40 (dd, J=5.6, 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 4.72 (m, 1 H), 3.35−3.30 (m, 2 H), 2.81−2.65 (m, 6 H), 2.36 (ddd, J=17.1, 5.0, 5.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.14 (ddd, J=16.8, 11.4, 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 2.00−1.95 (m, 4 H), 1.71 (dd, J=24.7, 12.1 Hz, 1 H), 1.64 (dd, J=11.4, 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 1.25 (s, 3 H), 0.92 (s, 3 H). LCMS: 511.3, rt.=5.56 min (M+1), HRMS m/z 511.2019 [(M+H)+].

[0325] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 232, the following compounds were prepared:

		LCMS	HRMS
EX.	STRUCTURE	(M + 1)	(M + H)+
233	260	495.3, rt. = 5.48 min	495.2328
234	261	529.3, rt. = 5.52 min	529.2600

Example 235

[0326] Step 1:

[0327] A solution of triphenylphosphine (29.4 g, 112.2 mmol, recrystallized from benzene) in benzene (700 mL) at 0° C. was treated with a solution of bromine (5.8 mL, 112.2 mmol) in benzene (100 mL) over 15 min. Triethylamine (15.6 mL) was added slowly followed by 1,3-cyclopentanedione (10 g, 102 mmol) and the reaction mixture was warmed to ambient temperature. After 4 h, the reaction was filtered through silica gel, rinsed with Et2O and concentrated to a volume of ˜150 mL. The residue was diluted with Et2O, filtered through silica gel and concentrated. The crude product (21 g) was diluted with MeOH (200 mL), cooled to 0° C. and treated with CeCl3.7H2O (56.6 g, 152 mmol) followed by NaBH4 (5.75 g, 152 mmol) portionwise over 10 min. After 12 h, the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and concentrated in vacuo. The concentrate was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (10% Et2O/Hex) gave 1 (11.8 g, 70% over 2 steps) as a clear oil.

[0328] Step 2:

[0329] A solution of 1 (530 mg, 3.24 mmol) in 4:1 DME/H2O (35 mL) was treated with Na2CO3 (520 mg, 4.90 mmol), 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl boronic acid (1.00 g, 4.86 mmol), Pd(dppf)Cl2 (250 mg, 0.30 mmol) and heated to 80° C. After 1 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (33% EtOAc/Hex) afforded 2 (380 mg, 48%) as a white solid.

[0330] Step 3:

[0331] A solution of 2 (380 mg, 1.55 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (40 mL) was treated with diethylzinc (7.75 mL, 1.0 M in hex). After 10 min, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., treated with a solution of CH2I2 (624 μL, 7.75 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and warmed to ambient temperature overnight. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NH4Cl and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×). The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (33% EtOAc/Hex) gave 3 (270 mg, 67%) as a clear oil.

[0332] Step 4

[0333] A solution of alcohol 3 (270 mg, 1.05 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) was treated with pyridine (160 μL, 2.00 mmol) followed by Dess-Martin periodinane (640 mg, 1.50 mmol. After 18 h, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, saturated aqueous Na2S2O3, extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×). The combined organic extracts were concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (25% EtOAc/Hex) provided 4 (248 mg, 92%) as clear oil.

[0334] Step 5:

[0335] A solution of 4 (123 mg, 0.478 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (1 mL) was treated with 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine (106 μL, 0.622 mmol) followed by titanium tetraisopropoxide (186 μL, 0.622 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOH (1 mL) and sodium borohydride (31 mg, 0.813 mmol) was added. After 2 h further, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (2 mL) and stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo to provide crude 5 (184 mg) as a clear oil.

[0336] Step 6:

[0337] A solution of crude 5 (184 mg, <0.461 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (5 mL) was treated with diisopropylethyl amine (226 μL, 1.30 mmol) followed by 3-chloro, 4-fluorophenyl isocyanate (119 μL, 1.00 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Preparative thin layer chromatography (5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) afforded 6 (188 mg, 69% over 2 steps) as a clear oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) 9.26 (s, 1 H), 7.53 (dd, J=6.6, 2.1 Hz, 1 H), 7.36 (m, 1 H), 7.18 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2 H), 7.11 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2 H), 7.05 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 1 H), 5.06 (ddd, J=11.1, 6.5, 3.9 Hz, 1 H), 3.47 (m, 1 H), 3.33 (ddd, J=15.4, 4.9, 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 2.26 (s, 3 H), 2.68−1.85 (m, 14 H), 1.65 (ddd, J=7.8, 3.8, 3.8 Hz, 2 H), 1.36−1.20 (m, 2 H), 0.92 (dd, J=7.7, 5.7 Hz, 1 H). LCMS: 569.1, rt.=4.37 min (M+1), HRMS m/z 569.2298 [(M+H)+].

[0338] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 235, the following compounds were prepared:

		LCMS	HRMS
EX.	STRUCTURE	(M + 1)	(M + H)+
236	262	542.1, rt. = 5.35 min	542.1828
237	263	555.1, rt. = 5.58 min	553.1701
238	264	555.1, rt. = 5.55 min	553.1701
239	265	519.3, rt. = 4.51 min	519.2086
240	266	485.1, rt. = 4.95 min	485.2478

Example 241

[0339] 267 268

[0340] Step 1

[0341] A solution of ketone 1 (1.0 g, 5.07 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (4 mL) was treated with 4-amino-1-butanol (560 μL, 6.08 mmol) followed by titanium tetraisopropoxide (1.80 ml, 6.08 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOH (4 mL) and sodium borohydride (290 mg, 7.60 mmol) was added. After 2 h further, the reaction mixture was diluted with water and stirred vigorously. After 3 h, the reaction mixture was filtered through celite, rinsed with EtOH (4×) and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting solid was diluted with CH2Cl2, saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (4×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo to provide crude 2 (1.24 g). Crude amino-alcohol 2 (1.24 g) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (40 mL) and treated with diisopropylethyl amine (780 μL, 4.50 mmol) followed by 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-fluorophenyl isocyanate (640 μL, 4.50 mmol). After 60 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Trituration (CH2Cl2) at 0° C. and filtration furnished 3 (1.44 g, 60% over 2 steps) as a white solid.

[0342] Step 2

[0343] A solution of alcohol 3 (1.44 g, 3.04 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (30 mL) at 0° C. was treated with pyridine (490 μL, 6.00 mmol) followed by Dess-Martin periodinane (1.90 g, 4.50 mmol) and warmed to ambient temperature. After 1.5 h, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3, saturated aqueous Na2S2O3, extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic extracts were concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (2% MeOH/CH2Cl2) provided 4 (1.21 g, 84%) as an orange solid.

[0344] Step 3

[0345] A solution of aldehyde 4 (150 mg, 0.318 mmol) in CH2Cl2 was treated with (6,6-dimethyl-3-aza-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-yl)-methanol (55 mg, 0.381 mmol) followed by NaB(OAc)3H (157 mg, 0.740 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic phases were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (EtOAc) afforded 5 (40 mg, 21%) as a clear oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ7.72−7.55 (m, 2 H), 7.57 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.24 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2 H), 7.11 (dd, J=9.9, 9.3 Hz, 1 H), 6.90 (s, 1 H), 4.99 (m, 1 H), 3.59(s, 2 H), 3.44 (dd, J=9.9, 6.7 Hz, 1 H), 3.37 (m, 1 H), 3.25 (m, 1 H), 2.71−2.62 (m, 2 H), 2.57 (m, 1 H), 2.29 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.23−1.95 (m, 3 H), 1.86−1.22 (m, 10 H), 1.03 (s, 3 H), 0.92 (s, 3 H), 0.93−0.88 (m, 1 H). LCMS: 599.1, rt.=5.38 min (M+1), HRMS m/z 599.3004 [(M+H)+].

[0346] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 241, the following compounds were prepared:

		LCMS	HRMS
EX.	STRUCTURE	(M + 1)	(M + H)+
242	269	583.3, rt. = 4.88 min	583.2463
243	270	570.3, rt. = 5.01 min	570.2147
244	271	624.1, rt. = 5.65 min	624.2616
245	272	570.1, rt. = 5.55 min	570.2147
246	273	596.3, rt. = 5.21 min	596.2303
247	274	597.3, rt. = 4.85 min	597.2610

Example 248

[0347] 275 276

Example 248

[0348] Step 1

[0349] A tube was purged with Argon and charged with Cul (34 mg, 0.18 mmol), bromide 1 (875 mg, 3.48 mmol), prepared by methods previously described,and t-butyl carbamate (490 mg, 4.18 mmol), and K2CO3 (962 mg, 6.96 mmol). The tube was evacuated and backfilled with Argon. N,N′-Dimethylethylenediamine (37 L, 0.35 mmol) and toluene (3 mL) were added and the tube was sealed and heated to 110 ° C. After 18 h, the reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered through celite, rinsed with EtOAc and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (20% EtOAc/Hex) gave 2 (450 mg, 45%) as a clear oil.

[0350] Step 2:

[0351] A solution of ketone 2 (450 mg, 1.57 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (3 mL) was treated with 1-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methylpiperazine (347 μL, 2.04 mmol) followed by titanium tetraisopropoxide (610 μL, 2.04 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with EtOH (2 mL) and sodium borohydride (101 mg, 2.67 mmol) was added. After 1.5 h further, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (2 mL) and stirred for 30 min. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite, rinsed with MeOH and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (5×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo to provide crude 3 (560 mg) as a yellow oil. The crude product was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) and treated with diisopropylethyl amine (685 μL, 3.93 mmol) followed by 3-chloro, 4-fluorophenyl isocyanate (325 μL, 2.61 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (2×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Flash chromatography (3% MeOH/CH2Cl2) afforded 4 (640 mg, 68% over 2 steps) as a white solid.

[0352] Step 3

[0353] A solution of carbamate 4 (640 mg, 1.07 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (8 mL) at 0° C. was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) and warmed to ambient temperature. After 24 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo to provide 5 (470 mg, 88%) as a yellow solid.

[0354] Step 4

[0355] A solution of aniline 5 (52 mg, 0.104 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) and treated with diisopropylethyl amine (44 L, 0.250 mmol), acetyl chloride (12 μL, 0.160 mmol) and DMAP (5 mg, 0.04 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (23×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Preparative thin layer chromatography (10% MeOH/CH2Cl2) furnished 6 (25 mg, 44%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ9.30 (s, 1 H), 7.53 (dd, J=6.6, 1.7 Hz, 1 H), 7.40−7.27 (m, 3 H), 7.21 (dd, J=7.7, 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.05 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 1 H), 6.92 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1 H), 5.03 (m, 1 H), 3.44 (ddd, J=16.5, 9.3, 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.35 (ddd, J=15.4, 5.0, 4.6 Hz, 1 H), 2.69−2.29 (m, 9 H), 2.26 (s, 3 H), 2.16 (s, 3 H), 2.11−1.83 (m, 5 H), 1.68−1.62 (m, 2 H), 1.26−1.21 (m, 2 H), 0.92 (dd, J=6.5, 6.2 Hz, 1 H). LCMS: 542.1, rt.=4.67 min (M+1), HRMS m/z 542.2690 [(M+H)+].

[0356] Following procedures similar to those described in Example 248, the following compounds were prepared:

		LCMS	HRMS
EX.	STRUCTURE	(M + 1)	(M + H)+
249	277	568.1, rt. = 4.85 min	568.2849
250	278	584.1, rt. = 5.32 min	584.3168
251	279	578.1, rt. = 4.78 min	578.2368
252	280	556.1, rt. = 4.71 min	556.2855
253	281	570.1, rt. = 4.85 min	570.3011
254	282	500.1, rt. = 4.01 min	500.2592

Example 255

[0357] 283

[0358] Step 1:

[0359] A solution of 1 (75 mg, 0.15 mmol), prepared according to the methods previously described, in CH2Cl2 (2 mL) was treated with triethylamine (42 μL, 0.30 mmol) followed by ethyl isocyanate (16 μL, 0.20 mmol). After 18 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3×). The combined organic extracts were dried and concentrated in vacuo. Preparative thin layer chromatography (5% MeOH/CH2Cl2) afforded 2 (85 mg, 99%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ9.92 (s, 1 H), 7.61 (dd, J=6.6, 2.8 Hz, 1 H), 7.53−7.44 (m, 3 H), 7.37 (dd, J=7.7, 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.12 (m, 1 H), 7.05 (t, J=8.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.02 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.46 (s, 1 H), 4.20 (m, 1 H), 3.42 (s, 4 H), 3.31−3.22 (m, 4 H), 2.62 (s, 6 H), 2.40−2.25 (m, 2 H), 2.10 (ddd, J=12.9, 12.8,4.9 Hz, 1 H), 1.58 (t, J=12.6 Hz, 2 H), 1.43−1.22 (m, 2 H), 1.14 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3 H), 1.00 (dd, J=9.3, 4.9 Hz, 1 H), 0.76 (dd, J=5.5, 4.9 Hz, 1 H). LCMS: 567.1, rt.=5.05 min (M+1), HRMS m/z 567.2647[(M+H)+].

[0360] Following procedures similar to those described in example 255, the following compounds were prepared:

		LCMS	HRMS
EX.	STRUCTURE	(M + 1)	(M + H)+
256	284	588.1, rt. = 5.18 min	588.2216

Example 257

[0361] 285

[0362] Step 1

[0363] 4-(3-Cyanophenyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-one(step 2 of method 1, 0.5 g, 2.5 mmole) was dissolved in 15 ml THF and sodium hydride (60% in oil, 0.2 g 5 mmole) was added. The reaction was stirred in at 0° C. for half-hour. Trimethylsilyl chloride (0.27 g, 2.5 mmole) was then added, and the mixture was stirred for another hour at 0° C. lodomethane was added, the reaction was warmed to room temperature slowly overnight. 50 ml ethyl acetate was added and the organic layer was washed with water (3×50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate. The reaction was very messy, but after purification by preparative TLC plates, one pure compound was obtained with very low yield (33 mg, 6%). The compound is 4-(3-cyanophenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene-1-one.

[0364] The product from above procedure can be converted to the title compounds using the same procedure as steps 4 and 5 of Example 53.

[0365] : 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ11.41 (s, 1 H), 7.74-7.79 (m, 2 H), 7.37-7.62 (m, 4 H), 7.08 (t, J=9.3 Hz), 5.8(s, 1 H), 4.67 (m, 1 H), 3.42 (m, 2 H), 2.88 (m, 2H), 2.46-2.74 (m, 6 H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 6 H), 1,17(s, 3H), 1.07(s, 3H).

[0366] The following compounds were prepared by similar methods:

		LCMS	HRMS
258	286	495.1, rt =5.31 min	495.2325

Example 259

[0367] 287

[0368] Step 1

[0369] 6-(3-Cyanophenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one (procedure b of method 5, 8 g, 38 mmole), 3-amino-1-propanol (5.7 g, 76 mmole) and titanium(IV) isopropoxide (5 ml) were stirred in 200 ml methylene chloride at room temperature overnight. Sodium borohydride (2.8 g, 76 mmole) was then added and a little methanol (about 10 ml) was also added to dissolve everything. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for three hours. 200 ml 1 N HCl solution was added to quench the reaction, and the aqueous layer was washed with methylene chloride (2×100 ml). The aqueous layer was then basified with 50% sodium hydroxide solution to pH 14, and 200 ml methlene chloride was added. The mixture was filtered though a Celite cake and organic layer was separated and washed with water (2×100 ml). To the above organic solution was added 100 ml 1N sodium hydroxide solution. With vigorous stirring, di-t-butyl carbonate (8 g, 36.7 mmole) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed by vacuum. The product was purified by column using ethyl acetate/hexane(50/50) as the eluent. It is the 10 to 1 mixture of trans and cis-3-(N-Boc-3-hydroxy-propylamino)-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (yield: 7 g, 50%).

[0370] Step 2

[0371] The 10 to 1 mixture of trans and cis-3-(3-hydroxy-propylamino)-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (7 g, 19 mmole) was dissolved in 150 ml methylene chloride. Dess-Martin reagent (8.8 g, 21 mmole) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for two hours. White precipitate was filtered and discarded. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness and purified by a silica plug using ethyl acetate/hexane (35/65) as the eluent. The product is 10 to 1 mixture of trans- and cis-3-(N-Boc-3-one-propylamino)-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (6.4 g, 92%).

[0372] Step 3

[0373] The 10 to 1 mixture of trans- and cis-3-(N-Boc-3-one-propylamino)-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (2.3 g, 6.25 mmole), S-3-hydroxypyrrolidine (1 g, 11.5 mmole) and titanium(IV) isopropoxide (5 ml) were stirred in 100 ml methylene chloride at room temperature for two hours. Sodium triacetoxylborohydride (2.65 g, 12.5 mmole) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. 100 ml 1N sodium hydroxide solution was added and the mixture was filtered though a celite cake. The organic layer was washed with water (3×50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed via vacuum. The residue was purified by column using ethylacetate/methanol (gradient from 100/0 to 50/50 in 40 minutes) as the eluent. The product is a 10 to 1 mixture of trans- and cis-3-[N-Boc-3-(S-3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-propylamino)-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (1.14 g, 42%).

[0374] Step 4

[0375] The 10 to 1 mixture of trans- and cis-3-[N-Boc-3-(S-3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-propylamino)-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (0.4 g, 0.91 mmole) was dissolved in 25 ml methylene chloride and 25 ml trifluoroacetic acid was then added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Solvent was removed and the residue was partitioned between 100 ml methylene chloride and 100 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was washed with water (2×50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate. The product was purified by a column with ethylacetate/0.5N methanol as the eluent (gradient from 100/0 to 0/100 in 40 minutes). The product is the 10 to 1 mixture of trans- and cis-3-[3-(S-3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-propylamino)-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (0.20 g 65%).

[0376] Step 5

[0377] The 10 to 1 mixture of trans- and cis-3-[3-(S-3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-propylamino)-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (26 mg, 0.077 mmole) and 3-chloro-4-fluoro phenylisocyanate (13.1 mg, 0.077 mmole) were stirred in 5 ml methylene chloride at room temperature for half hour. The reaction solution was loaded directly onto a preparative TLC plate and the plate was developed in pure ethylacetate. The trans isomer was isolated from the plate as the product: N′-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-[trans-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-N-[3-(s-3-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)propyl]urea (31.6 mg HCl salt, 75%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) 9.51 (d, J=25.3 Hz,1H), 7.32-7.67 (m, 6 H), 6.99 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1 H), 4.44 (m, 1 H), 3.88 (m, 1H), 3.19-3.45 (m, 2H), 1.56-2.84 (m,16H), 1.28 (m, 1H), 0.97 (m, 1H), 0.84 (m, 1H).

[0378] The following compounds were prepared by similar methods

	LCMS	HRMS
260	288	538 RT = 3.31 min	538.2385
261	289	533.1, rt = 5.58 min.	533.169
262	290	533.1, rt = 5.42 min.	533.169
263	291	551.1, rt = 5.32 min.	551.2241
264	292	517.1, rt = 5.32 min.	517.1977
265	293	601.1, rt = 5.58 min.	601.2226
266	294	567.1, rt = 5.45 min.	567.1956
267	295	551.1, rt = 5.35 min.	551.2241
268	296	501.1, rt = 5.15 min.	501.2282
269	297	501.1, rt = 5.22 min.	501.2282
270	298	483.1, rt = 5.82 min.	483.1725
271	299	483.1, rt = 5.75 min.	483.1725
272	300	501.1, rt = 5.58 min.	501.2272
273	301	467.1, rt = 5.52 min.	467.2007
274	302	547.1, rt = 5.82 min.	547.1837
275	303	547.1, rt = 5.75 min.	547.1837
276	304	565.1, rt = 5.65 min.	565.2391
277	305	531.1, rt = 5.52 min.	531.213
278	306	547.1, rt = 5.85 min.	547.234
279	307	513.1, rt = 5.78 min.	513.2073
280	308	497.1, rt = 6.29 min.	497.1879
281	309	497.1, rt = 6.22 min.	497.1879
282	310	515.1 rt = 6.09 min.	515.2426
283	311	481.1, rt = 6.06 min.	481.2175
284	312	531.1, rt = 6.25 min.	531.2137
285	313	465.1, rt = 4.97 min.	465.2471
286	314	465.1, rt = 6.09 min.	465.2471
287	315	447.1, rt = 6.02 min.	447.2566
288	316	527.1 rt = 5.58 min.	527.1974
289	317	527.1 rt = 5.38 min.	527.1974
290	318	545.1 rt = 5.38 min.	545.2535
291	319	511.1 rt = 5.18 min.	511.2283
292	320	545.1 rt = 5.48 min.	545.2534
293	321	495.1 rt = 5.22 min.	495.2579
294	322	477.1 rt = 4.91 min.	477.267
295	323	527.1 rt = 5.58 min.	527.1974
296	324	527.1 rt = 5.38 min.	527.1974
297	325	545.1 rt = 5.18 min.	545.2534
298	326	495.1 rt = 4.95 min.	495.2564
299	327	495.1 rt = 5.05 min.	495.2564
300	328	477.1 rt = 4.92 min.	477.2671
301	329	576.1 rt = 5.42 min.	576.2388
302	330	591.2 rt = 5.42 min.	591.2108
303	331	565.1 rt = 5.32 min.	565.2754
304	332	525.1 rt = 5.82 min.	525.2188
305	333	509.1 rt = 5.65 min.	509.2483
306	334	493.1 rt = 5.62 min.	493.2779
307	335	543.1 rt = 5.62 min.	543.2741
308	336	475.1 rt = 5.35 min.	475.2873

Example 309

[0379] Cl 337

[0380] Step 1

[0381] 6-(3-Cyanophenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (The product from procedure b of method 5, step 2. 3 g, 11.8 mmole) was dissolved in 10 ml dry toluene. This solution was added to the solution of aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal (2.3 g, 17.3 mmole) and trimethyl aluminum (8.8 ml 2M solution in toluene) in 100 ml toluene. The reaction was heated to 80° C. overnight. Additional aminoacetaldehyde diethyl acetal (2.3 g, 17.3 mmole) and trimethyl aluminum (8.8 ml 2M solution in toluene) were added and reaction heated to 80° C. for 25 more hours. The reaction was quenched by adding 1N sodium hydroxide (100 ml). The organic layer was washed with water (2×100 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was removed by vacuum. The product was purified by column using ethylacetate/hexane (gradient from 0/100 to 40/60 in 40 minutes). The product is 6-[3-(2-one-diethyl ketal amino imino)phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (2.1 g, 48%).

[0382] Step 2

[0383] 6-[3-(2-one-diethyl ketal amino imino)phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (2.1 g, 5.6 mmole) was dissolved in 100 ml methanol. 10 ml 5N hydrochloride acid was then added and the mixture was refluxed for three hours. Solvent was removed and residue was partitioned between 100 ml ethylacetate and 100 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was washed with water (2×100 ml) dried over sodium sulfate. The product was purified by column using hexane/ethylacetate(gradient from 80/20 to 0/100 in 40 minutes). The product is 6-[3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one(0.67 g, 47%).

[0384] Step 3

[0385] 6-[3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one (0.24 g, 0.95 mmole), 1-pyrrolidinepropanamine (0.48 g, 3.7 mmole) and titanium(IV) isopropoxide (2 ml) were stirred in 50 ml methylene chloride at room temperature for 2 hours. Sodium borohydride (0.14 g, 3.7 mmole) was then added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for two hours. 50 ml 1N HCl solution was added to quench the reaction, and the aqueous layer was washed with methylene chloride (2×50ml). The aqueous layer was then basified with 50% sodium hydroxide solution to pH 14, and 100 ml methylene chloride was added. The mixture was filtered though a Celite cake. The organic layer was washed with water (2×100 ml), dried over sodium sulfate. The product was purified by column using methylene chloride/0.5N ammonium in methanol (gradient from 100/0 to 0/100 in 40 minutes). The product is N-trans-6-[3-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-1-pyrrolidinepropanamine (0.19 g, 55%).

[0386] Above compound can be transferred to final product according step 5 of example 270. Title compound: N′-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-[trans-6-(3-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-N-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propyl]urea. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ10.04 (s, 1H), 7.80(d, J=7.69 Hz, 1H), 7.68(s, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=6.59 and 2.75 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.09-7.27 (m, 4 H), 7.02 (t, J=8.79 Hz, 1 H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.29 (m, 2H), 2.56 (m, 6H), 2.08(m, 2H), 1.59-1.87 (m, 8H), 1.45 ( m, 2H), 1.04(m, 1H), 0.80 (dd, J=9.34 and 4.94 Hz, 1H), 0.60 (t, J=4.94 Hz, 1H).

[0387] The following compounds were prepared by similar methods:

	LCMS	HRMS
310	338	552.3 rt = 4.96 min.	552.2303
311	339	552.1 rt = 4.88 min.	552.2303
312	340	570.1 rt = 4.81 min.	570.2862
313	341	520.1 rt = 4.38 min.	520.2898
314	342	502.1 rt = 4.75 min.	502.2988

Example 315

[0388] 343

[0389] Step 1

[0390] The 10 to 1 mixture of trans- and cis-3-[N-Boc-3-(S-3-hydroxypyrrolidinyl)-propylamino)-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (The product of step 3 of method 7, 0.74 g, 1.7 mmole) was dissolved in 100 ml methylene chloride. Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (0.93 g, 5.8 mmole) was then added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for three hours. 100 ml water was added to quench the reaction. Organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was then removed. The residue was purified by column using methylene chloride/methanol (gradient from 100/0 to 50/50 in 30 minutes) as the eluent. The product is the 10 to 1 mixture of trans- and cis-3-[N-Boc-3-(R-3-fluoropyrrolidinyl)-propylamino)-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (0.55 g, 74%).

[0391] Above product can be converted to title compound using steps 4 and 5 of method 7. N′-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-[trans-6-(3-Cyanophenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-N-[3-(R-3-fluoropyrrolidinyl)propyl]urea. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ9.40 (d, J=26.4 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.64 (m, 6 H), 7.00 (t, J=8.79 Hz, 1 H), 5.24 (dt, J=54.4 and 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 1.58-3.48 (m, 18H), 1.30 ( m,1H), 0.99 (m, 1H), 0.86 (m, 1H).

[0392] The following compounds were prepared by similar methods

	LCMS	HRMS
316	344	529.3 rt = 5.38 min.	529.1945
317	345	529.3 rt = 5.31 min.	529.1945
318	346	547.3 rt = 5.11 min.	547.2489
319	347	513.3 rt = 5.01 min.	513.2238
320	348	497.1 rt = 4.98 min.	497.2519
321	349	597.3 rt = 4.98 min.	497.2519
322	350	479.3 rt = 4.91 min.	479.2615
323	351	342.1 rt = 3.61 min.	342.2344
324	352	497.1 rt = 5.26 min.	497.2524
325	353	479.1 rt = 5.28 min.	479.2629

Example 326

[0393] 354

[0394] Step 1

[0395] 3-bromothioanisole (15 g, 74 mmole) was dissolved in 200 ml dry THF and the solution was cooled to −78° C. n-Butyllithium (2.0 M in hexane, 37 ml, 74 mmole) was added via an additional funnel in half an hour. After n-butyllithium was added, the reaction was stirred at −78° C. for 30 minutes. 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4,5]decan-8-one (11.5 g, 74 mmole) in 100 ml dry THF was added via another additional funnel in 30 minutes. The reaction was stirred overnight and the temperature was slowly raised to −25° C. The reaction was then quenched by adding 200 ml water and 200 ml of ethylacetate was added. The organic layer was washed with water (3×400 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was removed by vacuum. The product was purified by column using hexane/ethylacetate (gradient from 100/0 to 50/50 in 50 Min.) as the eluent. The product is 4-(3-(Methylthio)phenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-one ethylene is ketal (Yield: 14.5 g, 70%).

[0396] Step 2

[0397] 4-(3-(Methylthio)phenyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-one ethylene ketal (14.5 g, 52 mmole) and Triethylamine (10.4 g, 103 mmole) were dissolved in 200 ml methylene chloride. Mesyl chloride (8.8 g, 77 mmole) in 100 ml methylene chloride was then added dropwise in one hour. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for two hours. Additional triethylamine and mesyl chloride (same amount as the first time) were added, and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 more hour. 200 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was washed with water (2×200 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was removed. The residue was purified by column with ethyl acetate/hexane as the eluent. The product is 4-(3-(Methylthio)phenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-one ethylene ketal (Yield: 12.5 g, 92%).

[0398] Step 3

[0399] Diethylzinc(1 M in hexane, 108 ml, 108 mmole) was mixed with 400 ml methylene chloride and the mixture was cooled to −20° C. Trifluoroacetic acid (12.4 g, 108 mmole) in 100 ml methylene chloride was added in 15 minutes. The mixture was stirred at −20° C. for 5 minutes. Diiodomethane (29 g, 108 mmole) in 70 ml methylene chloride was then added in 20 minutes and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. 4-(3-(Methylthio)phenyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-one ethylene ketal (9.5 g, 36.6 mmole) in 100 ml methylene chloride was added dropwise in 10 minutes. The mixture was stirred overnight at −5° C. 300 ml 1N sodium hydroxide solution was added to quench the reaction. The organic layer was separated, washed with water (2×200 ml) and dried over sodium sulfate. The product was purified by column using ethylacetate/hexane (gradient from 0/100 to 40/60 in 1 hour) as the eluent. The product is 6-(3-(Methylthio)phenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (8.8 g, 88%).

[0400] Step 4

[0401] 6-(3-(Methylthio)phenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (0.6 g, 2.2 mmole), and toluenesulfonic acid( 0.5 g) were heated to 60° C. in 50 ml acetone for three hours. The solvent was removed and the residue was partitioned between 100 ml ethylacetate and 100 ml saturated sodium carbonate solution. The organic layer was washed with water (2×50 ml), dried with sodium sulfate and the solvent was removed by vacuum. The product was purified by column using ethylacetate/Hexane as the eluent. The product is 6-(3-(Methylthio)phenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one (Yield:0.43 g, 86%).

[0402] Step 5

[0403] 6-[3-(Methylthio)phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one (0.43 g, 1.9 mmole), 1-pyrrolidinepropanamine (0.71 g, 5.5 mmole) and newly activated molecular sieves (2 g) were stirred in 50 ml methylene chloride at room temperature overnight. Sodium borohydride (0.14 g, 3.7 mmole) was then added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for two hours. 50 ml 1N HCl solution was added to quench the reaction. The molecular sieves were removed and the aqueous layer was washed with methylene chloride (2×50 ml). The aqueous layer was then basified with 50% sodium hydroxide solution to pH 14, and 100 ml methylene chloride was added. The organic layer was washed with water (2×100 ml), dried over sodium sulfate. The product was purified by column using methylene chloride/0.5N ammonium in methanol (gradient from 100/0 to 0/100 in 40 minutes). The product is predominantly N-trans-6-[3-(methylthio)phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-1-pyrrolidinepropanamine, which was used in next step without further purification (0.31 g, 49%).

[0404] Step 6

[0405] N-trans-6-[3-thiomethoxyl phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-1-pyrrolidinepropanamine(80 mg, 0.24 mmole) and 3,4-Difluoro phenylisocyanate (74 mg, 0.48 mmole) were stirred in 5 ml CH2CL2 for two hours. The reaction solution was loaded on a preparative TLC plate. The plate was developed by EtOAc/MeOH (95/5) solution and the product was isolated off the plate. The product is SCH 643212 (17.4 HCl salt, 14%). N′-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-N-[trans-6-(3-(methylthio) phenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-N-[3-(s-3-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)propyl]urea. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ9.73 (s, 1H), 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.18 (m, 2 H), 7.02 (m, 4 H), 3.93 (m, 1H), 3.34 (m, 2H), 2.61 (m, 6H), 2.47 (s, 3H), 1.58-2.38 (m, 12H), 1.28 (m, 1H), 0.97 (m, 1H), 0.75 (m, (m, 1H).

[0406] The following compounds were made using similar procedures:

[0407] 327

327	355	516.2252	516.1 rt = 5.68 min.
328	356	550.2515	550.1 rt = 5.82 min.
329	357	500.2547	500.1 rt = 5.68 min.
330	358	482.2641	482.1 rt = 5.62 min.

[0408] Step 1

[0409] 6-(3-Cyanophenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (The product from procedure b of method [[Example 123 in P case]]), step 2. 2 g, 3.9 mmole) was dissolved in 10 ml dry ethanol. Zinc chloride(0.5 N in hexane, 1 ml) was added and the mixture was irradiated in a microwave oven for 10 minutes at 200W. After the reaction vessel was cooled to room temperature, 100 ml ethylacetate was added. The organic layer was washed with water(2×100 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was removed by vacuum. The product was purified by column using ethylacetate/hexane(gradient from 0/100 to 55/45 in one hour) as the eluent. The product is 6-[3-(oxazolino-2-yl) phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (0.9 g, 38%).

[0410] Step 2

[0411] 6-[3-(oxazolino-2-yl) phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (0.9 g, 3 mmole) and DDQ (1.37 g, 6 mmole) were refluxed in 100 ml toluene for two hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and 100 ml 1N sodium hydroxide solution was then added. The organic layer was washed with water (2×100 ml) dried over sodium sulfate. The product was purified by column using hexane/ethylacetate(gradient from 100/0 to 40/60 in 50 minutes). The product is 6-[3-(2-oxazolyl)phenyl]bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (0.30 g, 34%).

[0412] Above compound can be converted to title compound according the steps 4-6 of method 10. N′-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-N-[trans-6-(3-(2-oxazolyl)phenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-N-[3-(1-pyrrolidinyl)propyl]urea. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ9.43 (b, 1H), 7.97(s, 1H), 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.49 (m, 1H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.02 (m, 2 H), 3.91 (m, 1H), 3.39 (m, 2H), 2.2 (m, 6H), 1.60-2.4 (m, 12H), 1.34 (m, 1H), 1.04 (m, 1H), 0.60 (m, 1H).

[0413] The following compounds were prepared via similar methods

	LCMS	HRMS
332	359	521.3 rt = 0.521 min.	521.2728

Example 333

[0414] 360

[0415] Step 1

[0416] 6-(3-(Methylthio)phenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (From step 3 of To method 10, 1.0 g, 3.6 mmole) was dissolved in 100 ml methylene chloride. m-chloroperbenzoic acid (77%, 0.81 g, 3.6 mmole) was then added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for one hour. The reaction was washed with 1N sodium hydroxide solution (50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was removed via vacuum. The product was purified by silica plug using ethylacetate/hexane as the eluent. The product is 6-(3-(Methylsulfinyl)phenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-one ethylene ketal (0.67 g, 63%).

[0417] Above compound can be converted to title compound according the steps 4-6 of method 10. N′-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)-N-[trans-6-(3-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl)-bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-N-[3-(s-3-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyl)propyl]urea. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ9.08 (b, 1H), 7.35-7.60 (m, 5H), 7.02 (m, 2 H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 2.82 (m, 6H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 1.60-2.34 (m, 12H), 1.30 (m, 1H), 1.00 (m, 1H), 0.82 (m, 1H).

[0418] The following compounds were prepared via similar methods:

	LCMS	HRMS
334	361	548.1 rt = 5.45 min.	548.1905
335	362	566.1 rt = 5.18 min.	566.2664
336	363	532.1 rt = 5.12 min.	532.2201
337	364	516.1 rt = 4.95 min.	516.2496
338	365	498.1 rt = 4.81 min.	498.2591
339	366	548.1 rt = 5.52 min.	548.1905

[0419] 367

Example 340

[0420] N-[1-[2-[[trans-6-(3-cyanophenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl][[(3,4-difluorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (as prepared by the method described herein) (120 mg, 0.21 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL MeOH. K2 CO3 (250 mg, 1.81 mmol) was then added. 5 ml water was added to dissolve all K2CO3. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight. Solvents were then removed by vacuum. The oily residue was then partitioned in 30 mL of CH2Cl2 and 20 ml water. The organic was washed with water (2×20 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was removed by vacuum. The crude product was purified by column chromatography using CH2Cl2/MeOH(0.35 NH3) (gradient from 100% CH2Cl2 to 100% MeOH). The product is N-[2-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]-N-[trans-6-(3-cyanophenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-N′-(3,4-difluorophenyl)urea (Total yield: 75 mg, 75%).

[0421] Using similar procedures the following compounds were prepared:

Example 341

[0422]

Example	Structure	LC/MS	HRMS
341	368	496.1 rt = 4.71 min.	496.2279

Example 342

[0423] 369

[0424] N-[2-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]-N-[trans-6-(3-cyanophenyl)bicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl]-N′-(3,4-difluorophenyl)urea, prepared according to Method (60 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL of CH2Cl2. Triethylamine (53 mg, 0.52 mmol) was then added followed by acetic anhydride (27 mg, 0.26 mmol ). Reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Reaction mixture was then poured into 30 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and additional 20 mL of CH2Cl2 were added. Organic layer was washed with water (2×20 ml), dried over sodium sulfate and solvent was removed by vacuum. The crude product was purified by preparative TLC using 5% MeOH, 95% ethylacetate.Yield: 40 mg, 62%.

[0425] Starting with the appropriate anhydride, sulfonyl chloride, sulfamoyl chloride, carbonyl chloride, or isocyanate, the following compounds were prepared via an analogous procedure:

	Structure	LC/MS	HRMS
343	370	574.1 rt = 5.18 min.	574.2055
344	371	603.1 rt = 5.12 min.	603.2315
345	372	603.1 rt = 5.32 min.	603.2315
346	373	587.3 rt = 4.65 min.	587.2607
347	374	558.3 rt = 4.58 min.	558.2347
348	375	552.3 rt = 4.78 min.	552.2536
349	376	588.3 rt = 4.61 min.	588.2216
350	377	603.3 rt = 4.61 min.	603.2327
351	378	617.1 rt = 5.75 min.	617.2487
352	379	566.1 rt = 5.32 min.	566.295
353	380	536.1 rt = 5.32 min.	536.2843
354	381	601.1 rt = 5.38 min.	601.2759
355	382	568.1 rt = 5.05 min.	568.2508

Example 356

[0426] 383

[0427] Preparation of N′-(3,4-DIFLUOROPHENYL)-N-[TRANS-6-(3-CYANOPHENYL)BICYCLO[4.1.0]HEPT-3-YL]-N-[1,2-DI-(1-METHYLETHYL)AMINO]ETHYL]UREA

[0428] Step 1

[0429] The ketone (from Step 3 of Method 5, 0.97 g, 4.6 mmol) was mixed with 2-aminoethanol (0.31 g, 6 mmol, 1.1 eq), Ti(OiPr)4 (1.44 g, 1.1 eq) in 20 mL of DCM under nitrogen for overnight. The solution was cooled with ice bath and NaBH4 (0.18 g, 1 eq) was added. 30 min later the ice bath was removed and after another 3.5 hr, the reaction was quenched by methanol. The solvent was removed and EtOAc was added. After washing with 1 N NaOH, the crude was chromatographed (EtOAc: hexane=1:3 to 1:1) to give the desired product (0.56 g, 48%).

[0430] 1 H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ0.88 (m, 1 H) 0.98 (m, 1 H) 1.05 (m, 1 H) 1.20-1.38 (m, 2 H) 1.78 (m, 1 H) 1.95 (m, 1 H) 2.22 (m, 1 H) 2.20-2.76 (m, 4 H) 2.80 (m, 2 H), 3.40 (m, 2 H) 7.30-7.58 (m, 4 H).

[0431] Steps 2 and 3

[0432] The above product (0.42 g, 1.64 mmol) was treated with di-tert-butyl carbonate (0.42 g, 1.12 eq), NaHCO3 (0.2 g, 1 eq), 8 mL THF, 5 mL water and stirred at room temperature for 2 h. Extraction with EtOAc and removal of the solvent gave 0.7 g of the which was directly treated with Dess-Martin reagent (1 g, 1.2 eq) in 10 mL DCM. After stirring at room temperature for 2 hr, the solvent was removed and EtOAc was added. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO3 several times until no solid was found after removal of the solvent. Chromatography (EtOAc: hexane=1:3) gave the desired product aldehyde (0.48 g, 83% yield in two steps).

[0433] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ0.70 (m, 1 H) 0.98 (m, 1 H) 1.00 (m, 1 H) 1.20 (m, 2 H), 1.40 (s, 9 H) 1.60 (m, 2 H) 2.00 (m, 1 H) 2.22 (m, 2 H) 3.80 (m, 2 H) 4.10 (m, 1 H), 7.30-7.58 (m, 4 H) 9.50 (s, 1 H).

[0434] Steps 4 and 5

[0435] The above aldehyde (280 mg, 0.79 mmol) was mixed with N,N-diisopropylamine (Fluka, 0.57 g, 4 eq) and NaBH(OAc)3 (0.84 g, 5 eq) in 8 mL DCM and stirred for 24 hr. The reaction was quenched with MeOH and the solvent was removed. The crude was redissolved in DCM and washed with 1 N NaOH. The organic layer was treated with resin-bound isocyanate (Argonaut, 3.1 g, 6 eq) for 4 h. The crude was filtered and the filtrate was dried.

[0436] Steps 6 to 8

[0437] The above compound was treated with 50% TFA/DCM over night. The solvent was removed and 2 N NH3/MeOH was added and removed completely to give the free amine quantitatively. The free amine was dissolved in DCM and filtered through cotton ball to get rid of the salt. Then it was treated with 3,4-difluorophenylisocyanate (0.18 g, 1.5 eq) in 5 mL DCM at room temperature for 1 h. Resin-bound trisamine (Argonaut, 0.36 g, 2 eq) was added and stirred for 3 h. After filtration, the filtrate was collected to afford 156 mg of the desired product (40% yield).

[0438] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ0.60 (m, 1 H) 0.70 (m, 1 H) 0.99 (m, 1 H) 1.00 (d, 12 H, J=6.9 Hz) 1.25-1.40 (m, 2 H) 1.50 (m, 1 H) 1.70 (m, 1 H) 2.00 (m, 2 H) 2.25 (m, 2 H) 2.58 (m, 2 H) 2.90-3.10 (m, 4 H) 6.90 (m, 1 H) 7.00 (m, 1 H) 7.20-7.40 (m, 5 H) 10.80 (s, 1 H)

[0439] LC/MS Tr 5.38 min. 495 (M+H).

[0440] The following compounds were prepared according to procedures similar to those described above.

		Mass
Example	Structure	(M + H)	LC/MS (Tr min)
357	384	545	3.86
358	385	531	3.41
359	386	543	3.71
360	387	543	3.71
361	388	543	3.71
362	389	541	5.68
363	390	527	3.56
364	391	543	3.76
365	392	605	4.21
366	393	513	3.51
367	394	572	3.41
368	395	495	3.56
369	396	497	3.31
370	397	509	3.66
371	398	545	3.86
372	399	509	3.66
373	400	509	3.61
374	401	511	3.26
375	402	525	3.36
376	403	561	3.61
377	404	511	3.41
378	405	511	3.36
379	406	571	4.11
380	407	511	3.81
381	408	493	3.51
382	409	479	3.46
383	410	499	3.36
384	411	525	5.86
385	412	509	5.71
386	413	543	5.81
387	414	559	5.71
388	415	513	5.25
389	416	549	5.45
390	417	508	4.88
391	418	513	5.15
392	419	463	4.88
393	420	475	4.88
394	421	479	5.11
395	422	479	5.11
396	423	481	5.08
397	424	481	4.98
398	425	487	5.45
399	426	489	4.78
400	427	505	4.98
401	428	513	5.25
402	429	523	5.25
403	430	490	4.95
404	431	477	4.95
405	432	531	5.01
406	433	463	4.78
407	434	504	4.91
408	435	533	5.31
409	436	473	5.05
410	437	459	4.95
411	438	473	5.18
412	439	463	4.73
413	440	477	4.91
414	441	470	4.71
415	442	445	4.81
416	443	481	4.78
417	444	495	5.08
418	445	670	5.72
419	446	533	5.28
420	447	559	5.31
421	448	696	5.88
422	449	545	5.25
423	450	545	4.98
424	451	545	5.11
425	452	473	5.31
426	453	477	5.28
427	454	477	5.21
428	455	484	5.18
429	456	484	5.11
430	457	489	5.31
431	458	489	5.25
432	459	493	5.38
433	460	493	5.52
434	461	493	5.52
435	462	495	5.42
436	463	501	5.85
437	464	503	5.21
438	465	473	5.48
439	466	519	5.31
440	467	523	5.58
441	468	527	5.35
442	469	527	5.55
443	470	527	5.55
444	471	527	5.75
445	472	527	5.82
446	473	537	5.58
447	474	549	5.11
448	475	473	5.48
449	476	513	5.12
450	477	522	5.38
451	478	504	5.52
452	479	545	5.65
453	480	518	5.65
454	481	477	5.58
455	482	470	4.91
456	483	513	5.62
457	484	547	5.68
458	485	515	5.79
459	486	551	5.75
460	487	585	5.82
461	488	527	5.78
462	489	561	5.88
463	490	531	5.62
464	491	493	5.78
465	492	583	5.85
466	493	523	5.48
467	494	581	5.18
468	495	465	5.52
469	496	528	5.42
470	497	544	5.75
471	498	544	5.75
472	499	530	5.51
473	500	634	5.95
474	501	568	6.02
475	502	532	5.35
476	503	730	5.78
477	504	540	5.32
478	505	538	5.35
479	506	556	5.48
480	507	578	5.62
481	508	550	5.48
482	509	529	5.15
483	510	548	5.31
484	511	528	6.49
485	512	515	5.28

Example 486

[0441] 513

[0442] Synthesis of 1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL4-[[[TRANS-6-(3-CYANOPHENYL)BICYCLO[4.1.0]HEPT-3-YL][[(3,4-DIFLUOROPHENYL)AMINO]CARBONYL]AMINO]METHYL]-1-PIPERIDINECARBOXYLATE was accomplished according to Method 6. This compound (122 mg, 0.21 mmol) was treated with 50% TFA/DCM overnight. The solvent was removed and EtOAc, 1 N NaOH was added. After removal of the solvent, the crude was dissolved in 5 mL THF, Resin-Bound diisopropylethylamine (Argonaut, 0.22 g, 4 eq) and MeSO2Cl (49 mg, 2 eq) and stirred overnight. Resin-bound trisamine (0.19 g, 4 eq) was added and stirred for 6 h. Filtration afforded the filtrate which was treated with resin-bound P-TsOH (Argonaut, 0.65 g, 4 eq) for overnight and filtration provided the desired product 4-[[[TRANS-6-(3-CYANOPHENYL)BICYCLO[4.1.0]HEPT-3-YL][[(3,4-DIFLUOROPHENYL)AMINO]CARBONYL]AMINO]METHYL]-1-(METHYLSULFONYL)PIPERIDINE (65 mg).

[0443] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) □0.80 (m, 1 H) 0.99 (m, 1 Hz) 1.30-1.42 (m, 3 H) 1.60-1.90 (m, 7 H) 2.10 (m, 1 H) 2.38 (m, 1 H) 2.60 (m, 2 H) 2.78 (s, 3 H) 3.10 (m, 2 H) 3.60-3.84 (m, 3 H) 6.60 (s, 1 H) 7.00 (m, 2 H) 7.40-7.60 (m, 4 H).

[0444] LC/MS Tr 4.85 min. 543 (M+H).

[0445] The following compounds were prepared according to procedures similar to those described in the example

		Mass	LC/MS
Example	Structure	(M + H)	(Tr min)
487	514	557	5.72
488	515	557	5.72
489	516	569	5.72
490	517	569	5.72
491	518	601	5.65
492	519	599	5.65
493	520	635	5.78
494	521	523	5.65
495	522	567	5.58
496	523	535	5.65
497	524	535	5.65
498	525	563	5.82
499	526	565	5.58
500	527	537	5.68
501	528	571	5.72
502	529	601	5.85
503	530	585	5.82
504	531	601	5.75
505	532	566	5.21
506	533	538	5.18
507	534	572	5.65
508	535	593	5.58
509	536	624	5.82
510	537	605	5.88
511	538	623	5.80
512	539	635	5.88
513	540	639	6.02
514	541	619	5.82
515	542	619	5.95
516	543	662	5.58
517	544	557	5.62
518	545	611	5.95
519	546	631	5.92
520	547	571	5.75
521	548	573	5.25
522	549	559	5.28
523	550	525	5.12
524	551	547	5.65
525	552	481	5.72
526	553	447	5.05
527	554	598	5.18
528	555	586	5.05
529	556	602	4.98
530	557	614	5.01
531	558	489	5.35
532	559	523	5.82
533	560	557	5.98
534	561	565	5.98
535	562	607	6.22
536	563	579	6.02
537	564	613	5.98
538	565	669	5.98
539	566	565	5.95
540	567	615	5.85
541	568	586	5.85
542	569	591	5.85
543	570	581	6.15
544	571	619	5.92
545	572	575	5.78
546	573	590	5.75
547	574	565	5.95

Example 548

[0446] 575

[0447] Synthesis of 6 was accomplished by the procedure described in method [[JS2]]. Synthesis of 7 was accomplished according to Chem. Ber. 1987, 1191. To 3-fluoroaniline (5 g, 45 mmol)/100 mL DCM at 0° C. was added dropwise chlorosulfonic acid (5.35 g, 1 eq). The mixture was stirred for 3 h. After removal of the solvent, 150 mL of toluene was added followed by PCl5 (9.36 g, 1 eq). The solution was refluxed for 2 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed and the crude was washed with pentane and dried under vacuum for 1 h. Then this intermediate (46.5 mg, 2 eq) was treated with 6 (38 mg, 0.111 mmol, 1 eq) and Hunig's base (29 mg, 2 eq) in 2 mL DCM for overnight. Prep TLC provided the final product 8 (42 mg).

[0448] 1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ0.70 (m, 1 H) 0.99 (m, 1 H) 1.00 (d, 12 H, J=6.5 Hz) 1.25 (m, 1 H) 1.38 (m, 1 H) 1.50 (m, 1 H) 1.65 (m, 1 H) 2.00 (m, 1 H) 2.25 (m, 2 H) 2.58 (m, 2 H) 3.00-3.20 (m, 4 H) 3.62 (m, 1 H) 6.80 (dt, 1 H, J=2.4, 8.3 Hz) 6.90 (d, 1 H, J=8.1 Hz) 6.95 (td, 1 H, J=2.4, 10.4 Hz) 7.30 (m, 1 H) 7.40-7.60 (m, 3 H).

[0449] LC/MS Tr 4.85 min. 513 (M+H).

[0450] MCH Receptor Binding Assay:

[0451] Membranes from CHO cells expressing the MCH receptor were prepared by lysing cells with 5 mM HEPES for 15 min at 4C. Cell lysates were centrifuged (12.5000×g, 15 min) and the pellet was resuspended in 5 mM HEPES. For each 96-well plate (Microlite, Dynex Technologies), 1 mg of cell membranes were incubated with 10 mg of wheat germ agglutinin SPA beads (Amersham) for 5 min at 4 C. in a volume of 10 ml of binding buffer (25 mM HEPES, 10 mM MGCl2, 10 mM NaCl, 5 mM MnCl2, 0.1% BSA). The membrane/bead mixture was centrifuged (1500×g, 3.5 min), the supernatant was aspirated, and the pellet was resuspended in 10 ml binding buffer. The centrifugation, aspiration and resuspension were then repeated. The membrane/bead mixture (100 μl) was then added to 96-well plates containing 50 μl of 500 pM [125I]-MCH (NEN) and 50 ml of the appropriate concentration of compound (4×the desired final concentration). Nonspecific binding was determined by including 1 μM MCH in the binding reaction. The binding reaction was incubated at room temperature for 2 h. Plates were then analyzed in a TOPCOUNT microplate scintillation counter (Packard). Data was analyzed and Ki values were determined using GraphPad Prim.

[0452] For the compounds of this invention, a range of MCH receptor binding activity (Ki values) of from about 1 nM to about 600 nM was observed. Compounds of this invention preferably have a binding activity in the range of from about 1 nM to about 250 nM, more preferably from about 1 to about 30 nM, and most preferably from about 1 to about 5 nM.

TABLE 2
Binding Activity of Examples 186-202
    MCH Ki
Ex  (nM)
186 605
187 14
188 15
189 18
190 13
191 22
192 18
193 7.1
194 4.1
195 10
196 3.9
197 79
198 11
199 23
206 30
207 22
208 9
209 10
210 20
225 2.6
226 2.2
227 1.6

[0453] From these test results and the background knowledge about the compounds described in the references in section “Background of the Invention”, it would be apparent to the skilled artisan that the compounds of the invention have utility in treating metabolic and eating disorders and the like diseases stated earlier.

[0454] While the present invention has been described in conjunction with the specific embodiments set forth above, many alternatives, modifications and other variations thereof will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. All such alternatives, modifications and variations are intended to fall with the spirit and scope of the present invention.

TABLE 1
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597

[0455] A further preferred group of compounds are those listed below in Table 1a.

TABLE 1a
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630

[0456] A further preferred group of compounds are those listed below in Table 1b.

TABLE 1b
          MCH R1 Ki
Structure (nM)
631       3.0
632       18.0
633       2.7
634       11.0
635       20.0
636       1.6
637       4.6
638       4.2
639       0.9
640       3.7
641       11.0
642       5.4
643       14.0
644       3.0
645       12.0
646       3.0
647       3.5
648       5.0
649       6.2
650       2.2
651       11.3
652       2.0
653       16.0
654       1.8
655       9.1
656       1.2
657       13.0
658       1.8
659       7.0
660       26.0
661       15.0
662       2.9
663       18.0
664       13.0
665       13.0
666       10.2
667       7.1
668       3.0
669       4.1
670       8.0
671       14.0
672       4.9
673       3.9
674       5.4
675       2.8
676       45.0
677       9.1
678       34.0
679       11.2
680       1.9
681       2.1
682       5.9
683       10.0
684       5.8
685       7.5
686       7.1
687       8.7
688       15.0
689       1.1
690       22.0
691       1.6
692       4.8
693       7.2

Claims

1. A compound represented by the structural formula

2. The compound of claim 1 wherein Ar1 is aryl, heteroaryl, (R7)p-substituted aryl or (R7)p-substituted heteroaryl, wherein p is a number from 1 to 3 and when p is more than 1, each R7 can be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, (C1-C6)alkylene-N(R9)2—S-alkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, (C1-C6)N(R8)C(O)R5, NO2, —C(O)alkyl, C(O2)R8, C(R8)2OR8, C═NOR8 and a cyclic moiety selected from the group consisting of 702wherein said cyclic moiety, together with Ar1, can optionally form a fused aromatic moiety such as indole, indolone, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzisoxazole, or benztriazole; and further wherein if two R7 groups are adjacent, said adjacent R7 moieties can optionally be joined together to form a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy moiety, Ar2 is aryl, heteroaryl, (R7)p-substituted aryl or (R7)p-substituted heteroaryl, wherein p is a number from 1 to 3 and when p is more than 1, each R7 can be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, (C1-C6)alkylene-N(R9)2—S-alkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, (C1-C6)N(R8)C(O)R5, NO2, —C(O)alkyl, C(O2)R8, C(R8)2OR8, C═NOR8 and a moiety selected from the group consisting of 703wherein said cyclic moiety, together with Ar1, can optionally form a fused aromatic moiety such as indole, indolone, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzisoxazole, or benztriazole; and further wherein if two R7 groups are adjacent, said adjacent R7 moieties can optionally be joined together to form a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy moiety; X is O; Y is a single bond or —(C1-C4)alkylene- group; 704or a C4-C8 cycloalkylene or C4-C8 heterocycloalkylene wherein each of said C4-C8 cycloalkylene or C4-C8 heterocycloalkylene group optionally containing one or two double bonds inside the cyclic ring and optionally substituted with 1 to 4 R6 groups on the ring wherein each R6 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, —OH, alkoxy and —OC(O)-alkyl, with the proviso that when R6 is —OH, R6 is not attached to a carbon adjacent to a nitrogen and when two R6 groups are —OH, neither R6 is on the same carbon on Z and further that two R6 groups can be optionally joined together so that Z and said two R6 groups together form a bicycloalkylene or bicycloheteroalkylene group containing from 5 to 12 atoms; R1 is —NHC(O)(C2-C3)alkyleneN(R3)2, —C(O)NH(C2-C3)alkyleneN(R3)2, —C(O)N(CH3)(C2-C3)alkyleneN(R3)2, -alkyleneC(H)(OH)(C1-C2)alkyleneN(R3)2, —N(CH3)(C2-C3)alkyleneN(R3)2, —N(H)(C2-C3)alkyleneC(O)R5, —N(CH3)(C2-C3)alkyleneN(CH3)S(O2)R5 or —N(CH3)(C2-C3)alkyleneC(O)N(R3)2, wherein each R3 can be the same or different and is independently selected; R2 is hydrogen or —(C1-C6)alkyl; each R3 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkylene-, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaralkyl, —S(O2)alkyl, —S(O2)aryl,—S(O2)N(H)alkyl, —S(O2)N(alkyl)2, —S(O2)alkyl, —S(O2)heterocycloalkyl, —C(O)alkyl, —C(O)aryl, —C(O)heteroaryl, —C(O)heterocycloalkyl, —C(O) N(H)alkyl, —C(O)N(alkyl)2, —C(O)N(H)aryl, —C(O)Oalkyl, —C(O)Oaryl or alkylene-C(O)Oalkyl, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl or cycloalkyl group can independently be nonsubstituted, halosubstituted or hydroxysubstituted; R4 is R3, (C1-C6)alkoxy or —N(R3)2, with the proviso that when R4 is attached to a sulfur atom then R4 is not hydrogen; is R5 is hydrogen, —N(R3)2, —(C1-C6)alkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy or (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkylene-, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaralkyl or cycloalkyl group can independently be nonsubstituted, halosubstituted or hydroxysubstituted; R6 is —(C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, —OH, —O—(C1-C6)alkyl, —OC(O)—(C1-C6alkyl), with the proviso that when R6 is —OH, R6 is not attached to a carbon adjacent to a nitrogen and when two R groups are —OH, neither R6 is on the same carbon on Z; R8 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl or —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl; with the following provisos that each R3 of —N(R3)2 can be same or different and is independently selected; that each R3 and R9 of —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2 and —S(O2)N(R8)2 can be the same or different and is independently selected; and where in the above chemical formulas, each R3 and R4 can be the same or different and is independently selected.

3. The compound of claim 1 wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are the same or different and are independently selected from phenyl, pyridyl, (R7)p-substituted aryl or (R7)p-substituted heteroaryl, wherein p is a number from 1 to 3 and when p is more than 1, each R7 can be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, (C1-C6)alkylene-N(R9)2—S-alkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, (C1-C6)N(R8)C(O)R5, NO2, —C(O)alkyl, C(O2)R8, C(R8)2OR8 or C═NOR8; X is O; Y is a single bond or —CH2—, —CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2CH2—; R1 is 705R2 is hydrogen; and R3 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkylmethyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkylene- or SO2alkyl.

4. The compound of claim 1 wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are the same or different and are independently selected from phenyl, pyridyl, (R7)p-substituted aryl or (R7)p-substituted heteroaryl, wherein p is a number from 1 to 3 and when p is more than 1, each R7 can be the same or different and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, (C1-C6)alkylene-N(R9)2—S-alkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, (C1-C6)N(R8)C(O)R5, NO2, —C(O)alkyl, C(O2)R8, C(R8)2OR8 or C═NOR8; X is O; Y is —CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2CH2—; R1 is —N(R3)2 or —C(O)NH(C2-C3)alkyleneN(R3)2; and R3 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl, -ar(C1-C6)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, halo-substituted —(C1-C6)alkyl, hydroxy-substituted —(C1-C6)alkyl or —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl, wherein each R3 can be same or different and is independently selected.

5. The compound of claim 1 wherein Ar1 and Ar2 are independently phenyl, pyridyl, R7-substituted phenyl or R7-substituted pyridyl, wherein said Ar1 and Ar2 are the same or different and is independently selected, and R7 numbers 1 to 3 which can be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, halo, —CN, alkoxy, —CF3, —OCF3, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, —S-alkyl, —S(O)-alkyl, —S(O2)-alkyl, —S(O2)N(R8)2, —N(R8)C(O)R5, —NO2, 706wherein each R8 and R9 can be the same or different and is independently selected, or two adjacent R7 groups can be joined together to form a methylenedioxy or ethylenedioxy group; X is O; Y is —CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2CH2CH2—; R1 is 707R3 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl(C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkylene-, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl or heteroaralkyl, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl or cycloalkyl group can independently be nonsubstituted, halosubstituted or hydroxysubstituted; R4 is R3, (C1-C6)alkoxy or —N(R3)2 wherein each R3 can be same or different and is independently selected, with the proviso that when R4 is attached to a sulfur atom then R4 is not hydrogen; R5 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl, —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl(C1-C6)alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaralkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy or (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C6)alkylene-, wherein each of said alkyl, alkylene, alkoxy, aralkyl, aryl, heteroaralkyl or cycloalkyl group can independently be nonsubstituted, halosubstituted or hydroxysubstituted; and R8 is hydrogen, —(C1-C6)alkyl or —(C3-C7)cycloalkyl.

6. The compound of claim 5 wherein Ar1 is R7-substituted phenyl and said R7 is one group positioned at the 3-position of said substituted phenyl with respect to the linking point to Z.

7. The compound of claim 6 wherein R7 is —CN, —OCF3, chloro, —C(O)N(R8)2, —N(R9)2, or —N(R8)C(O)R5.

8. The compound of claim 5 wherein Ar1 is pyridyl and Ar2 is halo-substituted phenyl or (CF3)-substituted phenyl.

9. The compound of claim 5 wherein Ar1 is pyridyl and Ar2 is halo-substituted pyridyl or (CF3)-substituted pyridyl.

10. A compound selected from the group consisting of

11. A method of treating a metabolic disorder, an eating disorder or diabetes comprising administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1 to a patient in need of such treatment.

12. A method of treating a metabolic disorder, an eating disorder or diabetes comprising administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 10 to a patient in need of such treatment.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein said eating disorder is hyperphagia.

14. The method of claim 11 wherein said metabolic disorder is obesity.

15. The method of claim 12 wherein said eating disorder is hyperphagia.

16. The method of claim 12 wherein said metabolic disorder is obesity.

17. A method of treating a disorder associated with obesity comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

18. A method of treating a disorder associated with obesity comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein said disorder associated with obesity is at least one of type II diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia or hypertension.

20. The method of claim 18 wherein said disorder associated with obesity is at least one of type II diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia or hypertension.

21. A method of treating major depression, manic depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and sleep disorders comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

22. A method of treating major depression, manic depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and sleep disorders comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 10 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound.

23. A method of treating an eating disorder which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an amount of a first compound, said first compound being a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound; and a second compound, said second compound being an antiobesity and/or anorectic agent selected from the group consisting of a β3 agonist, a thyromimetic agent, an anorectic agent and an NPY antagonist; wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.

24. A method of treating an eating disorder which comprises administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an amount of a first compound, said first compound being a compound of claim 10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound; and a second compound, said second compound being an antiobesity and/or anorectic agent selected from the group consisting of a β3 agonist, a thyromimetic agent, an anorectic agent and an NPY antagonist; wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect.

25. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of: a first compound, said first compound being a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound; a second compound, said second compound being an antiobesity and/or anorectic agent selected from the group consisting of a β3 agonist, a thyromimetic agent, an anorectic agent and NPY antagonist; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

26. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of: a first compound, said first compound being a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate of said compound; a second compound, said second compound selected from the group consisting of an aldose reductase inhibitor, a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor, a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor, a dipeptidyl protease inhibitor, insulin, an insulin mimetic, metformin, acarbose, troglitazone, rosaglitazone, pioglitazone, GW-1929, a sulfonylurea, glipazide, glyburide, and chlorpropamide; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

27. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 1 in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

28. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of claim 10 in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

29. A process for making a pharmaceutical composition comprising combining at least one compound of claim 1, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.