Patent Application
20120288451
This invention relates to cosmetology, in particular to tobacco tar removal agents on the basis of terpenes and terpenoids, and also to oral cavity hygiene compositions based on this agent, including toothpastes and other products.
One of the modern-day problems in dentistry is the problem of smokers teeth whitening, because in the process of smoking, teeth may change their color in a firm and lasting fashion for the reason that tobacco smoke contains such components as nicotine, tar, ammonium and phenolic compounds.
The aforesaid compounds adversely affect the enamel of the teeth causing its discoloration: there occur yellow-and-brown, and sometimes almost black, deposits that are difficult to remove. And if the smoker does not comply with the rules of individual oral cavity hygiene, then discoloration may be twice as great. Besides, tobacco tar, when deposited on the teeth, contributes to the speedy accumulation of microbial plaque, formation of dental calculus and general deterioration of the periodontium.
Tobacco smoke constitutes a concentrated aerosol: a mixture of gases and highly concentrated, air-suspended particles that condense and form the so-called tobacco tar. The tobacco smoke phase that contains solid particles includes for the most part nicotine, water and tobacco tar.
Patent research has shown that up to this time, the following agents and materials have been used for tobacco tar removal:
Highly abrasive substances remove tar from the dental surface by means of abrasive erosion. Such substances are disclosed in multiple patents, and they can be used both in toothpastes and in other compositions for oral cavity hygiene.
For example, application of such agents is disclosed in patent application JP2003335646. The respective dental cleansing agent for the removal of stains caused by smoking contains a phytic acid-based compound and particles with an average diameter of from 0.05 to 2 mm and ultimate load of 10 g/particle.
Among the disadvantages of such agents is the possibility of tooth enamel damaging.
Substances containing active oxygen and surfactants achieve the effect of teeth whitening by a chemical process during their contact with tar deposits on the tooth surface.
The chemistry of such processes is not completely studied, but it is assumed that the freed oxygen destroys tooth chromogenes by means of oxidation of unsaturated carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen and carbon-nitrogen bonds located in discolored molecules, converting them into a bleached or soluble state.
As far as surfactants are concerned, they also enter into a reaction with the plaque in the form of a tar deposit and produce an action similar to that produced by detergents used for laundering.
Examples of agents with active oxygen and surfactants are given in the following documents.
Patent JP2002047157 (LION CORP) discloses a composition comprising (A) a non-ionic surfactant, (B) one or more substances selected from the group comprising phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol and phenoxyisopropanol, and ( ) ethanol. According to the patent, such complex actively removes stains from the teeth, including cigarette tar; the composition also significantly boosts the effect of chemical oral cavity cleansing.
A similar composition is disclosed in patent JP2001199855 (KOBAYASHI PHARMA).
Patent JP2006104101 (LION CORP) discloses a composition for oral cavity hygiene comprising, in certain proportions, the following components: a water-soluble pyrophosphate; one or more polyvalent alcohols selected from the group comprising polyethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol, polypropyleneglycol and others; a lauryl sulfate salt and an amphoteric betaine surfactant.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,662,888 discloses a toothpaste for smokers that dissolves and removes cigarette tar from the teeth, gums, tongue and other surfaces of the oral cavity. The toothpaste comprises at least one non-ionic surfactant in a concentration range from 0.3% to 6.5% by weight, methyl salicylate dissolving tobacco tar, in an approximate concentration range from 0.06% to 0.20% by weight, at least one ether oil in an approximate concentration range from 0.30% to 2.0% by weight, ethyl alcohol in an approximate concentration range from 12.0% to 20.0% by weight, at least one anionic surfactant in a concentration range from 0.3% to 4.5% by weight, and a gelling agent.
However, all known compositions are based on the fact that the dental tar plaque is bleached but not completely removed. Besides, all the above compositions have a significant disadvantage of causing sensibilization of the majority of users of such products, the patients developing sensitivity to the action of heat, cold etc.
Enzyme preparations included in the composition of an oral cavity hygiene agent possess a fairly broad action range. Enzymes dissolve the organic material of the dental plaque without damaging living tissue, produce a beneficial effect on the tissues of periodontium and oral mucosa, utilize toxic and irritating life products of the dental plaque microorganisms, and produce, directly or indirectly, a bactericidal and bacteriostatic action. The following enzymes are usually used: proteinases, dextranases, carbohydrase, invertase, mutanase, oxireductase, lactate dehydrogenase, and amyloglucosidase.
The use of enzymes for the removal of tobacco tar plaque is disclosed in the description of a toothpaste according to patent CN1864661 (A). The toothpaste comprises, mass. %: silicon oxide nanoparticles 30-40, natural glycerin 10-15, sorbitol 18-30, methylcellulose 0.5-1.2, hydroxyethylcellulose 0.1-0.3, sodium lauryl sarcosinate 1.5-2.5, a set of enzymes 0.01-0.1, whitening particles 1.5-5, ETDA-2Na 0.1-0.3, zinc citrate 0.5-3.5, propolis 0.3-0.8, strontium chloride 0.5-0.8, saccharine 0.2-0.3, D-panthenol 0.8-1.0, flavorant 0.8-1.2 and water—the rest.
As stated in the patent, the toothpaste ensures an acceptable removal degree of the discolored plaque and does not damage enamel.
However, the use of enzymes does not ensure satisfactory removal of tar deposits.
It should be noted that, in the field of pharmaceutical and hygienic products used for dental care and oral cavity hygiene, great popularity has been gained by all kinds of additions of biologically active substances, such as plant extracts, used for a variety of purposes: e.g. patent RU2310436 discloses the use of a nutraceutical in the form of fir needle and plantain oil solutions in the toothpaste for the prevention and treatment of caries, gingivitis and periodontitis, as well as to inhibit formation and reduce the mass of the existing tartar.
For similar purposes, an agent is used in the form of a biologically active additive comprising chlorophyll-carotene fir needle paste, or Aloe-Vera extract and aqueous-alcohol, aqueous-alcohol-glycerin and 2 extracts of raw materials of plant origin (see RU2306922). The agent is included in the toothpaste composition.
The latter toothpaste is the closest to the claimed one and comprises the following components: silicon dioxide as abrasive base, sorbitol as moisturizer, purified sodium carboxy-methylcellulose as excipient thickener, sodium monofluorophosphate as an anti-caries additive, sodium lauryl sulfate as a cleansing and foam-generating agent; a biologically active additive, sodium saccharinate, as a taste additive, a preservation agent; as target additives, it comprises a colorant and flavorant in an aqueous medium, a biologically active additive consisting of CO2 extract of plant materials, chlorophyll-carotene fir needle paste, or Aloe-Vera extract and aqueous-alcohol, and aqueous-alcohol-glycerin extracts of raw materials of plant origin, and comprising, as an aqueous medium, a herb broth aqueous solution obtained by maceration of fine-cut plant raw material in the boiling bed under vacuum in an aqueous medium with the subsequent preservation with the help of an alcohol-containing composition, with the following proportions of components, mass %:
The closest foaming composition for oral cavity hygiene is disclosed in Chinese publication CN1172647 (A). This composition comprises sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, strontium chloride, calcium lactate, ethyl linoleate, sodium lauryl sulfate, plant extracts and distilled water.
None of the analyzed technical solutions ensure effective tobacco tar removal.
The objective of the invention is effective tobacco tar removal.
The said objective is resolved by means of a tobacco tar removal agent comprising at least one carbon dioxide plant extract with terpene and/or terpenoid content in the extract of min. 10 mass %, obtained by supercritical extraction from plants selected from the group comprising green tea, walnut, sage and fennel.
The agent may additionally comprise carbon dioxide pomegranate extract obtained by supercritical extraction.
In this case, the agent may comprise extracts in the following proportions, mass %:
The set objective is also achieved by means of a composition for oral cavity hygiene, which comprises the earlier described tobacco tar removal agent in an effective quantity, and an acceptable carrier.
In specific embodiments of the invention, the composition constitutes a toothpaste.
The claimed composition may constitute a mouth rinse composition, including foaming mouth rinse composition.
The claimed composition may constitute a chewing gum.
The set objective is achieved by means of a toothpaste for oral cavity hygiene comprising the tobacco tar removal agent in an effective quantity, and an acceptable carrier comprising substances selected from the group comprising solvents, thickeners, surfactants, abrasive substances, emulgators, solubilizers, moisturizers and mixtures thereof.
In specific embodiments of the claimed toothpaste, the carrier comprises water as solvent, silicon dioxide as abrasive substance, sodium carboxy-methylcellulose as thickener, at least one moisturizer selected from the group comprising sorbitol, glycerin and polyethyleneglycol PEG-400 as moisturizer, at least one solubilizer selected from the group comprising hydrogenated castor oil and Polysorbate-20 as solubilizer, and sodium lauryl sarcosinate as surfactant, with the following proportions of components, mass %:
The toothpaste may additionally comprise at least one substance selected from the group comprising sweeteners, flavorants and preservation agents in a quantity not exceeding 10 mass %.
The toothpaste may also additionally comprise polyvinylpyrrolidon/vinyl acetate, hydroxyapatite, menthyl lactate, isopropyl methylphenol, CO2 baobab plant extract, thyme ether oil, camphor oil, lavender bioconcentrate, chlorophyll copper complex, flavorants, preservation agents, stevia extract and sucralose with the following proportions of components, mass %:
In another embodiment of the invention, the toothpaste may additionally comprise polyvinylpyrrolidon/vinyl acetate, hydroxyapatite, menthyl lactate, isopropyl methylphenol, CO2 baobab plant extract, bergamot ether oil, anise ether oil flavorants, preservation agents, colorants, stevia extract and sucralose with the following proportions of components, mass %:
The objective is also resolved by means of a foaming mouth rinse composition for oral cavity hygiene comprising the above-mentioned tobacco tar removal agent in an effective quantity, and an acceptable carrier comprising substances selected from the group comprising solvents, surfactants, foam stabilizers, emulgators, thickeners, solubilizers, moisturizers, acidity regulators, sweeteners and mixtures thereof.
In specific embodiments of the invention, the composition comprises water as solvent, sodium lauryl sarcosinate as surfactant, carrageenan as foam stabilizer, at least one solubilizer selected from the group comprising hydrogenated castor oil and Polysorbate-20 as solubilizer, sorbitol as moisturizer, polyvinylpyrrolidon/vinyl acetate as thickener, and at least one component selected from the group comprising L-arginine and citric acid as acidity regulator, with the following proportions of components, mass %:
The claimed composition in its best embodiments may additionally comprise Trilon BD, a preservation agent, stevia extract, sucralose, licorice extract, menthol crystals, neroli ether oil, a flavorant, menthyl lactate, Aloe Vera gel, propylenglycol buckthorn and pomegranate extracts, and Sebomin SB 12, with the following proportions of components, mass %:
The essence of the invention consists in the following.
It is known that terpenes and terpenoids are effective solvents of natural resins, the majority of which are derivatives of polycyclic hydrocarbons. For example, turpentine (terebenthene), constituting a liquid mixture of terpenes and terpenoids, dissolves certain resins, fats and oils, and is widely used for dissolving paints and varnishes.
Tobacco tar also consists mostly of polycyclic hydrocarbons. Therefore, an assumption was made that terpenes and terpenoids must dissolve tobacco tar.
When verified, the assumption held true.
For the purpose of functioning as an agent for dissolving tobacco tar with concentrated terpene content, carbon dioxide plant extracts were used comprising large quantities of terpenes and terpenoids initially.
Extracts of such plants were obtained by means of supercritical fluid extraction by natural carbon dioxide.
Extracts suitable for use according to the present invention may be obtained from any plant's portion, including leaves, stem, bark, fruit pulp, seeds, fruit skin, juice, root and mixtures thereof.
Supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extracts render it possible to achieve a higher concentration of active substances from plants compared to extracts obtained by classic methods.
To make extracts effectively usable for cleansing the teeth and oral cavity of tobacco tar, the minimal concentration of terpenes and terpenoids should be 10%. A maximum concentration may be limited only by the maximum terpene and terpenoid content in the plant in question.
For the purposes of this research, a group of plants was selected with a comparatively high terpene content, and carbon dioxide extracts were obtained from this group of plants by supercritical extraction (see table 1).
Extracts from all of the plants demonstrated high activity in respect of tobacco tar dis-solution.
The best properties, availability and suitability for use in oral cavity hygiene compositions among those extracts were demonstrated by those selected from the group comprising sage extract, walnut extract, fennel extract and green tea extract.
The agent for tobacco tar dissolution may include both one extract selected from the aforesaid group, and a mixture of two or more extracts in arbitrary quantities.
It was also noted that the addition to those extracts of carbon dioxide pomegranate extract increases the tobacco tar removal rate. The pomegranate extract also comprises terpenes (terpenes upward of 3%, benzoic acid up to 0.1%, sterols 1.3%; tocopherols—0.19%). Besides, it possesses good antioxidant action, which may also be a reason that accelerates tobacco tar dissolution.
Such choice of plants ensures the presence in the agent composition of a variety of terpenes and terpenoids, which non-linearly increase the impact produced by the extracts on tobacco tar, resulting in tar dissolution in a lesser time or fuller cleansing of the teeth.
If the agent comprises all the five extracts, then the preferred composition is a composition where each component is present in an amount of from 10 to 60 mass %, because it is in this range that the best result can be obtained.
The tobacco tar dissolution agent is one of the components of compositions for oral cavity hygiene.
Oral cavity hygiene compositions care compositions, or oral care compositions, mean, in their broadest sense, a composition comprising the above-mentioned tobacco tar dissolution agent as an active ingredient in an effective quantity, combined with an acceptable carrier.
The term “ . . . tobacco tar removal agent . . . in an effective quantity” means non-toxic but sufficient quantity of the aforesaid substances for the achievement of the desired effect.
An effective quantity may be different depending on the type of composition, particular extract or a combination thereof etc.
Such effective quantity in any individual case may be determined by any person skilled in the art by means of ordinary experimenting.
For certain embodiments of the invention (toothpaste, mousse), such quantity has been determined by the authors of the claimed invention and is described in the claims of the invention.
The acceptable carrier means a carrier rendering it possible to obtain the desired composition for oral cavity hygiene in the form of, e.g., toothpaste, mouth rinse, tooth powder, gel, mousse, chewing gum etc. In that sense, a composition according to the present invention may constitute a liquid solution of ingredients, e.g. mouth rinse, or it may be semi-hard—in the form of toothpaste or dental gel, or hard, e.g., chewing gum.
If a composition constitutes a liquid, e.g., mouth rinse, then an acceptable carrier, as a rule, constitutes an aqueous-alcohol mixture with a non-toxic alcohol (ethanol, isopropanol) content of from 5 to 30%. To reduce alcohol content in mouthwash compositions, or even completely eliminate the same, certain solubilizers may be added to the mouth rinse composition in an amount up to 10 mass %. A composition hereunder may also contain a variety of additives, e.g., moisturizers or additives improving organoleptical properties of the composition (flavorants or sweeteners).
If a composition constitutes a chewing gum, then an acceptable carrier includes synthetic or natural polymers with plastifiers, flavorants, aromatizers, preservation agents, sweeteners and other food additives.
If a composition constitutes a toothpaste, then an acceptable carrier includes solvents, thickeners, surfactants, abrasive substances, emulgators, solubilizers, moisturizers, sweeteners, preservation agents and mixtures thereof.
An analysis of the state of the art shows that for toothpastes, the abrasive substance content, as a rule, fluctuates from 5 to 60 mass %, which corresponds to the abrasive substance content in the claimed toothpaste. Abrasive substances preferred for the use in this invention include silicon dioxide-based materials, which are represented in the examples of the invention realization by silicon dioxides under Sorbosil trademark (producer: PQ Corporation) and Tixosil trademark (producer: Rhodia).
An acceptable carrier applicable for the obtaining of a composition in the form of a paste or rinsing mousse may comprise a moisturizer. A moisturizer preferably constitutes sorbitol, glycerin and/or polyethyleneglycol PEG-400; however, other moisturizers with a molecular mass in the range of 200-1000 and mixtures thereof may also be used. In known technical solutions, the concentration of the moisturizer is usually from about 0.5 to about 70 mass % of the composition. As a rule, thickeners are represented in compositions for oral cavity hygiene in an amount of up to 10 mass %. Thickeners include natural and synthetic resins and colloids. In the present invention, sodium carboxy-methylcellulose is used as thickener; besides, the functions of a thickener are performed also by the above-discussed silicon dioxide.
Any of the aforesaid compositions may additionally include any suitable flavorants or sweeteners.
Various other substances, including preservation agents, such as sodium methyl paraben and chlorophyll compounds, may be added into compositions for oral cavity hygiene according to the present invention, such as toothpastes and rinse mousses. Such auxiliary substances, in case they are present, should be introduced to the compositions in quantities that do not adversely affect the desired properties and characteristics.
Emulgators and solubilizers may be occasionally added into compositions for oral cavity hygiene. Emulgators ensure the disperse state of fats and oils in water emulsions, and solubilizers keep ingredients in the dissolved state. Solubilizers are substances that help transfer particles of other components into colloid solution.
Emulgators and solubilizers are various substances of both natural and artificial origin. In our invention, emulgators and solubilizers may, in specific embodiments of the invention, constitute balanced mixtures of mutually complementary substances, which are more effective than individual substances and are used in a variety of emulsions more often than individual substances.
Requirements to emulgators and solubilizers are similar: ensuring the stability of a composition, inertness to other components of the composition, absence of irritating action, non-toxicity, absence of disagreeable odor.
A composition in the form of toothpaste or in the form of a rinse mousse, as noted above, may comprise surfactants and, in particular, anionic surfactants, such as lauryl sulfate or sodium lauryl sarcosinate, which have multifunctional actions: solubilizing, dispersing and moisturizing. Besides, their function it is to form emulsions together with other components of compositions for oral cavity hygiene, including flavoring agents.
The effect of the surfactant presence consists in the fact that it contributes to foaming of the oral cavity hygiene composition. Compositions for oral cavity hygiene with a high degree of foaming are preferred by consumers for the reason that, according to literature, foaming contributes to the creation of a sense of effective oral cavity cleansing.
Beside the aforesaid substances, compositions may comprise a variety of auxiliary additives of plant origin in the form of extracts—propylenglycol, aqueous-alcohol, glycerin, carbon dioxide and other concentrates; ether oils and others. Such components are not basic, however they are active components. Their presence in the composition of a paste or a mousse is not mandatory, however, they impart a number of additional useful properties to the composition if present, e.g., anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory etc.
Compositions for oral cavity hygiene according to the present invention may be obtained by mixing the ingredients. For example, a mouth rinse is obtained by dispersing an agent consisting of carbon dioxide extracts with high terpene content in a mixture of solubilizers and water, with target additives (flavorants, preservation agents, sweeteners etc.) being added thereafter.
Table 2 shows substances used in the production of pastes and mousses, their functions in the claimed compositions, and proportions of ingredients in such pastes and mousses.
The tobacco tar removal agent hereunder was produced by mixing five plant extracts in various proportions and combinations, with the terpene and terpenoid content in the extracts being upwards of 10%.
The extracts were obtained by means of supercritical fluid extraction by natural carbon dioxide, in the absence of inorganic salts, without solvent residues, heavy metals or reproducible microorganisms.
Table 3 shows various compositions of the tobacco tar removal agent.
To obtain complex compositions, comprising at least two components, mechanical mixing of extracts was conducted, e.g., with the help of an anchor mixer. Research has shown that terpene and terpenoid content in such extracts amounted to 10-80 mass %.
To produce toothpaste, the agent having composition, comprising five extracts in equal quantities, was used as a tobacco tar removal agent. The toothpaste whose compositions are shown in table 2, was produced as follows: moisturizers, e.g. glycerin, sorbitol, or polyethyleneglycol, were dispersed in water under stirring in a conventional mixer. To the dispersion were added thickeners, a sweetener, a preservation agent, any salts belonging to active components, and foam stabilizers. To the gel phase were added colorants and a pigment, e.g. TiO2. If the paste was not intended to be in the form of a gel, then any acid or base was added necessary to regulate pH. Such ingredients were mixed to obtain a homogeneous phase. Then the mixture was transferred to a high-speed vacuum mixer, where a silicon dioxide-based inorganic thickener was added to the mixture, then, consecutively, a silicon dioxide-based abrasive substance with other abrasive substances to be used in the composition, plant extracts and ether oils, flavorants and surfactants. Any water-insoluble antibacterial agent was solubilized in PEG-400 and introduced together with the moisturizer. Extracts containing terpenes and terpenoids were mixed with a solubilizer or mixture thereof (Polysorbate-20, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil) in advance. The product obtained in all cases was a homogeneous semi-hard paste or gel product.
To produce a foam rinse composition for oral cavity hygiene, the agent having composition C, comprising five extracts in equal quantities, was used as a tobacco tar removal agent.
The foaming composition for rinsing oral cavity according to the present invention was produced as follows.
Aqueous solutions of a moisturizer with a flavorant, organic thickener with licorice extract, and a preservation agenta, were prepared. The obtained solutions and the remaining components were consecutively mixed under 40-45° C.; the last component to introduce being the surfactant. Then the obtained solution was cooled to 30-35° C., and Sebomin SB12 and Sederma were added (lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase, glucose oxidase, glucose pentaacetate and potassium thiocyanate).
The obtained pastes and mousses were tested as follows.
The objective of the test was to assess the cleansing effect of the compositions under study, determine their anti-inflammatory action and evaluate the whitening effect.
The toothpaste compositions shown in table 2 were named PRO-WHITER CLASSIC and PRO-WHITER LITE, and the mousse was labeled PRO-WHITER.
Study materials and methods. 100 smoking patients aged between 18 and 55 took part in the study. After an initial stomatological examination, the patients were divided into four groups equal in terms of quantity, age and sex composition and average stomatological status indicators.
Group #1 (prevention)—25 patients using Pro-Whiter Lite toothpaste;
Group #2 (prevention)—25 patients using Pro-Whiter Classic toothpaste;
Group #3 (prevention)—25 patients using Pro-Whiter Classic toothpaste and dental mousse;
Group #4 (control)—25 patients using a placebo toothpaste.
Prior to the start of the study, all patients were trained in the tooth brushing technique. Prevention group participants were supplied with identical toothbrushes of average hardness (Oral-B classic) and a Pro-Whiter oral cavity hygiene aid. Patients were recommended to brush their teeth twice a day (in the morning and at night) for at least 3 minutes each time, using Pro-Whiter Lite toothpastes (group #1) and Pro-Whiter Classic toothpastes (groups #2 and #3). Additionally, following each tooth brushing, group 3 participants were to apply the cleansing mousse to the surface of their teeth and gums.
Control group patients used identical toothbrushes of average hardness (Oral-B classic) and a placebo toothpaste for tooth brushing.
In the process of control stomatological examinations, the state of oral cavity hygiene, dental hard tissues and oral mucosa was assessed according to the following criteria.
Oral Cavity Hygienic State Determination
Patient Hygiene Performance (PHP) index determination (Podshadley, Haley, 1968)
With the help of a solution for dental plaque indication, the presence thereof was identified and localization on vestibular and lingual surfaces determined.
In case of the unavailability of the index tooth, neighboring ones were examined within the namesake tooth group. Artificial crowns and parts of fixed prostheses were accounted for in the same manner as teeth. The surface of each tooth was notionally divided into 5 sectors: 1—medial, 2—distal, 3—mid-occlusal, 4—central, 5—mid-cervical.
Dental plaque assessment codes and criteria: 0—absence of discoloration, 1—discoloration identified.
index calculation: codes for each tooth were determined by summing up codes for each sector. To calculate the index, the following formula was used: =(sum total of points)/n, where n is the number of teeth (usually 6).
Interpretation of results:
At the start of the study, the oral hygienic condition of all study participants was evaluated as unsatisfactory. Differences of average and API values among the groups at the initial examination were non-valid (p>0.5).
Following 6 weeks of regular Pro-Whiter use, a reliable decrease of values was observed in groups #1 and #2 (p<0.05) and in group #3 (p<0.01). The cleansing effect was from 39.2% to 45.9% and was the greatest in group #3, where Pro-Whiter Classic toothpaste and dental mousse were used in combination (table 4—PHP dynamics).
In the period of study, the prevention groups also demonstrated a reliable decrease of the amount of dental plaque on the approximal tooth surfaces compared to initial (<0.001—in groups #1 and #2, and <0.01—in group #3). API values declined by 42.2% to 47.4%, with no significant differences in the cleansing effect between groups #2 and #3 (table 5—API dynamics). In the control group, no reliable changes in hygiene indices occurred during the study (p>0.5). The amount of dental plaque declined by 9.2% on smooth dental surfaces and by 10.6% on approximal surfaces. Assumably, certain improvement of the oral hygiene condition in that group may be attributed to the increased patient motivation for oral care.
In 51 (68%) patients of the prevention groups, a reduction was recorded of the hard pigmented deposit (“smoker's plaque”) after the use of the Pro-Whiter oral care products; in 9 (12%) participants such smoker's plaque was not identifiable by the end of the study.
The best whitening effect was recorded in group #3, who used Pro-Whiter Classic and dental cleansing mousse. In 7 (28%) patients of this group, tooth whitening by 1-1.5 shades was observed by the Vita scale. In group #2 who used Pro-Whiter Classic toothpaste, tooth color changes by the Vita scale were recorded in 3 (12%) patients, in group #1 (Pro-Whiter Lite toothpaste)—in 2 (8%) patients.
The patients of the control group did not demonstrate any changes in the amount of the smoker's plaque and color of the teeth by the end of the study.
In addition to the above, an assessment of periodontium tissue condition was conducted by determining the Gingival Index (GI), the Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) and sensitivity of dental hard tissues.
The GI index was determined as follows: gingival (gum) condition was examined visually and with the help of a periodontal probe in the vicinity of 6 teeth in 4 sectors: distal, medial, at the center of the vestibular and lingual departments.
Assessment criteria: 0—no inflammation
1—slight inflammation in the gum (slight discoloration, no bleeding during probing)
2—moderate inflammation of the gum (moderate hyperemia, edema, bleeding during probing)
3—expressed inflammation of the gum (expressed hyperemia, edema, tendency to spontaneous bleeding)
Index calculation:
Tooth GI=total points/4
Person GI=total of teeth GI's/n, where n is the number of the teeth (usually 6)
Index interpretation:
The SBI index was determined as follows: probing of the sulcus of each tooth was conducted with the help of a periodontal probe:
At the start of the study, signs of periodontium tissue inflammation was recorded in the majority of patients in the form of gum bleeding, gum discoloration and structural deterioration (edema) of various severity.
Average GI values did not reliably differ among the groups at the start of the study >0.5).
Following 6 weeks of regular Pro-Whiter Classic toothpaste use, a reliable (p<0.01) decrease of GI index in group #2 was observed. Comparable results were obtained in group #3, where Pro-Whiter Classic toothpaste and dental mousse were used in combination. Anti-inflammatory performance in these groups was 53.2% to 55.9% (table 6).
Besides, in these groups a reliable decline of sulcus bleeding by the SBI index was recorded, with the largest decrease recorded in group #3, where the gum bleeding indicator declined by 54.3% (table 7).
In group #1 (Pro-Whiter Lite toothpaste), GI and SBI values also decreased compared to initial (by 43.5% and 34.4%, respectively), however the changes were statistically non-valid (p>0.5).
The obtained results testify to the high performance of the proposed agent concerning tobacco tar removal in compositions for oral cavity hygiene, such as toothpastes and cleansing dental mousses, and render it possible to make the following conclusions.
The whitening effect of the aforesaid compositions for oral cavity hygiene is achieved by means of effective removal of the hard pigmented deposit. The majority of prevention group participants demonstrated a significant reduction of the amount of the smoker's plaque compared to initial. Besides, teeth whitening by 1-1.5 shades by the Vita scale was observed in a number of cases.
The claimed oral care compositions possess mild whitening and polishing action without damaging enamel surface.
The use of the aforesaid compositions for the purpose of oral cavity hygiene contributes to a statistically valid improvement of oral hygienic condition. Over the 6 weeks of their use, dental plaque reduction by 39.2%-45.9% was identified on smooth dental surfaces (by index), and by 42.2%-47.4% on approximal surfaces (by API index).
Over the period of study, an expressed reduction was observed in the degree of gum inflammation measured by the GI index: by 43.5% to 55.9% compared to the initial data. Besides, when used regularly, the claimed toothpastes and mousses contributed to a significant reduction of sulcus bleeding measured by the SBI index: by 34.4% to 54.3%.
The use of claimed compositions for the purposes of oral cavity hygiene contributed to the reduction of tooth sensitivity in response of thermal or tactile stimuli.
The toothpastes and cleansing dental mousse possess good organoleptic properties and persistent deodorant action. No incidents of locally irritative and allergenic action of such products on oral mucosa were identified in the period of the study.
Thus, Pro-Whiter Lite and Pro-Whiter Classic toothpastes and cleansing dental mousse may be recommended for daily oral care to adults with a habit of smoking.
vulgare
sinensis -
regia L. -
officinalis
granatum
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009148450 | Dec 2009 | RU | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/RU10/00793 | 12/27/2010 | WO | 00 | 6/27/2012 |
