Patent Application
20240008507
This application claims the benefit of European Application No. 20209359.7, filed 24 Nov. 2020, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
The present invention relates to a meat substitute product comprising a randomly interesterified triglyceride and at least one protein ingredient. The invention further relates to the use of a randomly interesterified triglyceride for improving the texture and/or organoleptic properties of a meat substitute product. Preferably the meat substitute product is an emulsified meat substitute product that is consumed as cold cut.
Traditionally, meat products have taken an important place in our western diet. Meat products are consumed in many different forms as whole muscle or minced pieces of meat that are cooked, grilled, smoked, cured or fermented in form of hamburgers, patties, sausages, meat balls, nuggets and many more.
There is a growing consumer trend for reducing or completely removing these animal products from their diet. Consumers switch towards plant-based meat substitutes because of various reasons such as health concerns, environmental concerns, sustainability or animal welfare.
In order for a regular meat consumer to be motivated to choose for meat substitutes, it is critical that these substitutes mimic processed meat products in terms of texture, organoleptic properties, like appearance, flavor, bite, succulence, and mouthfeel, and overall acceptance.
Various functional ingredients in meat substitutes are required to mimic the taste, flavor, texture, mouthfeel and appearance of meat-based products.
There is still a need to improve the texture and/or organoleptic properties of meat substitutes and more specifically of emulsified meat alternatives. The present invention provides such a solution.
The present invention relates to a meat substitute product comprising a randomly interesterified triglyceride, and at least one protein ingredient, wherein the randomly interesterified triglyceride has a content of lauric acid (C12) of less than 5.0 wt %, a content of palmitic acid (C16) and stearic acid (C18) in a range of from 35 to 65%, and a ratio of C18 over C16 in a range of from 1.0 to 10.0.
The invention further relates to the use of a randomly interesterified triglyceride having a content of lauric acid (C12) in the randomly interesterified triglyceride is less than 5.0%, a content of palmitic acid (C16) and stearic acid (C18) is in a range of from 35 to 65%, and a ratio of C18 over C16 is in a range of from 1.0 to 10.0, for improving the texture and/or organoleptic properties of a meat substitute product.
The present invention relates to a meat substitute product comprising a randomly interesterified triglyceride, and at least one protein ingredient, wherein the randomly interesterified triglyceride has a content of lauric acid (C12) of less than 5.0 wt %, a content of palmitic acid (C16) and stearic acid (C18) in a range of from 35 to 65%, and a ratio of C18 over C16 in a range of from 1.0 to 10.0.
Meat substitute product are food or feed compositions that mimic animal processed whole-muscle meat products as well as processed restructured meat products such as burgers, patties, sausages and the like. Methods of processing may be salting, curing, chopping, fermentation, boiling, smoking, extrusion or other processes.
Meat substitute products can be divided into coarse-particle products and a fine paste products. Examples of coarse-particle products are alternatives for burgers, patties, sausages, meatballs, chicken nuggets and the like. Fine paste products are typically emulsified products such as alternatives for frankfurter, bologna, mortadella and the like.
In one aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product is an emulsified meat substitute product. Emulsified meat substitute product requires processing of the food or feed ingredients into an emulsion, followed by shaping and heating to solidify the product into a stable physical form. The continuous phase of the emulsified meat substitute product is mainly composed of water, proteins and further ingredients such as texturing ingredients, coloring agents, spices, and the like. The dispersed phase of the emulsified meat alternative is fat and/or oil. Preferably the emulsified meat substitute product is an emulsified vegetarian protein product. The emulsified vegetarian protein product is not based on meat or fish. More preferably the emulsified meat substitute product is an emulsified vegan protein product. The emulsified vegan protein product is not based on products derived from animals. Examples of products derived from animals are amongst others meat, fish, eggs, milk or honey
The meat substitute product of the present invention is typically designed for consumption after cooking.
In another aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product is a cold cut. The term “cold cut”, also known as “luncheon meat”, “sandwich meat”, “sliced meat” or “deli meat” refers to heat treated or cured meat or meat alternative. It is often sliced or diced, and served cold, such as on sandwiches or on party trays.
In a preferred aspect the term “cold cut” is a sausage. It is sliced, served and consumed cold. Sausages typically comprise cylindrical containers, designated as casings, which are used to contain sausage mixes. Although the term “sausage” generally relates to a food product having an approximately cylindrical shape, corresponding products having a non-cylindrical shape are also encompassed herein by the term “sausage”. Vegetarian sausages (including cold cuts) are encompassed by the term “sausage”.
Alternatively, the meat substitute product of the present invention is a pet food. The term “pet food” means any food composition intended to be consumed by a pet. A pet may be any domestic or tamed animal kept for companionship or pleasure. For example, the pet can be an avian, bovine, canine, equine, feline, hircine, lupine, murine, ovine, or porcine animal. Preferably, the pet is a dog or a cat.
The meat substitute product of the present invention is comprising a randomly interesterified triglyceride, which is a triglyceride composition wherein the fatty acids are randomly distributed over the glycerol backbone of the triglycerides.
The randomly interesterified triglyceride can be obtained by means of a process of chemical or enzymatic interesterification.
A chemical interesterification is performed by using an acidic or basic catalyst, preferably a basic catalyst, such as, but not limited to, sodium methoxide or sodium ethoxide.
An enzymatic interesterification is obtained by means of a lipase enzyme. The lipase will generally be non-selective for the positions on the glyceride backbone in order to achieve the optimum random interesterification. Alternatively, selective lipases may be used, provided that the reaction conditions are such that no significant selectivity is observed, for example by running the reaction for extended periods of time. Suitable lipases include the lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosa, Rhizomucor miehei, Rhizopus delemar and Candida rugosa. Preferably, the lipase is suitable for use with food products.
It may be that the interesterification is not fully random, but it is preferably random to a large extent, for example greater than 75%, greater than 85%, preferably greater than 95% of the fatty acid residues may change position during the reaction i.e. less than 25%, less than 15%, preferably less than 5% of the fatty acids retain their original position of the starting triglyceride.
The interesterified triglyceride may be characterized by the position of the saturated (S) and/or unsaturated (U) fatty acids bound onto the glycerol backbone of the triglyceride.
Typically, the abbreviation S is used to denote a saturated fatty acid residue having 12 to 24 carbon atoms. The abbreviation U denotes an unsaturated fatty acid residue having 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Thus, a triglyceride having saturated fatty acids at the 1- and 3-positions and an unsaturated fatty acid at the 2-position of the glycerol backbone is denoted SUS. Likewise, a triglyceride having 2 saturated fatty acids at the 1- or 3-position and at the 2-position of the glycerol backbone and an unsaturated fatty acid at the remaining 1- or 3-position is denoted SSU.
The ratio of SUS over SSU (SUS/SSU) of a fully randomized triglyceride composition is 0.5, whereas the SUS/SSU ratio of a non-randomized triglyceride is significantly higher than 1.
In one aspect of the invention, the triglyceride composition of the randomized triglyceride is characterized by a ratio of SUS over SSU (SUS/SSU) in a range of from 0.5 to 1.0, from 0.6 to 0.9, or from 0.7 to 0.8.
In another aspect of the invention, the randomly interesterified triglyceride is obtained by means of a chemical interesterification.
The randomly interesterified triglyceride has a content of palmitic acid (C16) and stearic acid (C18) in a range of from 35 to 65 wt %, from 38 to 55 wt %, from 40 to 50 wt %, or from 42 to 45 wt %. The ratio of C18 over C16 is in a range of from 1.0 to 10.0, from 1.1 to 8.0, or from 1.2 to 6.5. The content of lauric acid (C12) in the randomly interesterified triglyceride is less than 5.0 wt %, less than 3.0 wt %, or even less than 1.0 wt %.
The saturated fatty acids of the randomly interesterified triglyceride are sourced from non-lauric triglycerides such as, but not limited to palm oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, shea stearin, shea olein, liquid oils such as sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil or soybean oil, or any combination of two or more thereof. The triglycerides may be hydrogenated and/or fractionated. Palm oil is encompassing palm oil, as well as palm oil fractions such as stearin and olein fractions (single as well as double fractionated), palm mid fractions and blends of palm oil and/or its fractions.
Preferably the fatty acids of the randomly interesterified triglyceride are not sourced from palm. Example of fatty acids sourced from palm are palm oil, palm oil fractions, palm kernel oil, palm kernel oil fractions or any combination of two or more thereof.
Preferably the fatty acids of the randomly interesterified triglyceride are not sourced from hydrogenated triglycerides.
In one more aspect of the invention, the randomly interesterified triglyceride has a content of oleic acid (C18.1) and linoleic acid (C18.2) in a range of from 35 to 60 wt %, from to 58 wt %, or from 45 to 55 wt %.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the randomly interesterified triglyceride has a melting point in a range of from 35 to 65° C., from 38 to 55° C., or from 40 to 50° C. The melting point can be determined according to the official AOCS method Cc 3-25.
In a preferred aspect of the invention, the randomly interesterified triglyceride has:
In another aspect of the invention, the randomly interesterified fat is present in the meat substitute product in an amount of from 1.0 to 10.0 wt %, from 1.5 to 8.0 wt %, from 2.0 to 6.0 wt %, or from 3.0 to 5.0 wt % on the total weight of the meat substitute product.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product has a total triglyceride content in a range of from 5 to 40 wt %, from 6.5 to 33 wt %, from 9 to 26 wt %, or from 13 to 20 wt % on the total weight of the meat substitute product. The total triglyceride content of the meat substitute product is comprising the randomly interesterified triglyceride.
The total fat content of the meat substitute product may further comprise other triglycerides such as, but not limited to, palm oil and palm oil fractions such as palm oil stearin or palm oil olein, cocoa butter, shea butter, shea stearin, shea olein, liquid oils such as sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil or soybean oil, hydrogenated liquid oils, or any combination of two or more thereof.
In one aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product is further comprising a liquid oil in a range of from 4 to 30 wt %, from 5 to 25 wt %, from 7 to 20 wt %, from 10 to 15 wt % on the total weight of the meat substitute product.
The term “liquid oil” is defined as triglycerides with a melting point of less than 20° C. The liquid oil can be one liquid oil or a blend of more than one liquid oils. In case of a blend of liquid oils, it is understood that the blend of the more than one liquid oil has a melting point of less than 20° C.
The “liquid oil” is a vegetable oil.
Examples of vegetable liquid oils are amongst others double fractionated palm olein, cottonseed oil, corn oil, groundnut oil, linseed oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, oil from any variety of oilseeds with increased level of unsaturated fatty acids compared to the original seed variety, such as mid or high oleic sunflower oil. These varieties with increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids can be obtained by natural selection or by genetic modification (GMO). Preferably, the vegetable oil is selected from the group consisting of cottonseed oil, corn oil, groundnut oil, linseed oil, olive oil, rapeseed oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, safflower oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, their corresponding high oleic varieties, and mixture of two or more thereof. More preferably, the vegetable oil is selected from the group consisting of corn oil, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, their corresponding high oleic varieties, and mixture of two or more thereof. The high oleic varieties are containing at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70% and preferably at least 80% oleic acid in respect of the fatty acid profile.
In a preferred aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product comprises substantially no oils sourced from palm. Certain consumers prefer food and/or feed products without oils sourced from palm, such as palm oil, palm oil fractions, palm kernel oil, palm kernel oil fractions or a combination of two or more thereof. Therefore, the meat substitute product according to the present invention can offer an alternative to products based on or containing oils sourced from palm.
In another preferred aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product comprises substantially no hydrogenated triglycerides.
The meat substitute product also comprises at least one protein ingredient. The at least one protein ingredient may be from plants, fungi, algae, insects, animals, cultured meat or a mixture of two or more thereof. Examples of animal protein ingredients are comminuted meats, or other products derived from animals, such as, but not limited to eggs, dairy products such as whey or casein, or combinations of two or more thereof. Examples of plant proteins are amongst others soy, wheat, legume proteins, e.g. pea or chickpea, lupine, rice, canola, or mixtures of two or more thereof. Cultured meat, also called cell grown meat, are products obtained without raising and processing animals. Cultured meat is obtained from cells sourced from animal muscle and tissue that are cultured in a laboratory
Preferably the at least one protein ingredient is sourced from plants, fungi, algae, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
In one aspect of the invention, the at least one protein ingredient is present in a range of from 2 to 25 wt %, from 5 to 20 wt %, or from 10 to 15 wt % on the total weight of meat substitute product.
In another aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product further comprises water. The amount of water is in a range of from 40 to 80 wt %, 50 to 75 wt %, or from 60 to 70 wt % on the total weight of meat substitute product. The amount of water, as used herein, refers to the added amount of water, excluding the amount that is present in the protein source.
Depending on the traditions and legal provisions of the respective countries, the filling of the food product of the present invention may also comprise one or more dry ingredients selected from sodium chloride, sodium phosphates, sodium ascorbates, caseinates, citrates, sodium carbonates, one or more sugars, sweeteners, flavoring agents, flavor enhancers, starches, gluten, spices/seasonings, emulsifiers, preservatives and mixtures thereof.
In one aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product comprises sodium chloride. The amount of sodium chloride is present in a range of from 0.1 to 3.0 wt %, 0.2 to 2.5 wt %, 0.5 to 2.0 wt %, or 1.0 to 1.5 wt % on the total weight of meat substitute product.
In another aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product is further comprising one or more texturing ingredients in a total amount of from 0.5 to 10.0 wt %, from 1.0 to 8.0 wt % or from 2.0 to 6.0 wt %. The texturing ingredients may comprise gums, such as, but not limited to, carrageenan, konjac gum, lotus bean gum, guar gum or xanthan gum, vegetable fibers, starches from various botanical sources, such as potato starch or maize starch, being in form of native starch, physically or chemically modified starch, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
The addition of texturing ingredients, such as starches, may help to increase yield of the meat substitute product by enhancing the water and oil absorption, increasing moisture retention and adding firmness of bite.
Texturizing ingredients may increase process tolerance, improve oil binding, increase up-front viscosity during processing, add firmness, cohesiveness and/or elasticity to the cooked product, enhance succulence and/or reduce purge during shelf life.
In one more aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product also comprises one or more monosaccharides and/or disaccharides. Preferred monosaccharides and/or disaccharides are sucrose, fructose, glucose, and mixtures of two or more thereof. The amount of monosaccharides and/or disaccharides is in a range of from 0.1 to 3.0 wt %, from 0.2 to 2.5 wt %, or from 0.3 to 2.0 wt % on the total weight of the meat substitute product.
In yet one more aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product comprises one or more ingredients selected from sodium phosphates, sodium ascorbates, citrates, sodium carbonates, sweeteners, flavoring agents, flavor enhancers, spices/seasonings, emulsifiers and preservatives. The amount of each ingredient, if present, is preferably in a range of from 0.01 to 2.0 wt %, from 0.02 to 1.0 wt % on the total weight of the meat substitute product.
In one aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product is comprising a casing. The casing may be comprising one or more layers. The casing will determine the shape of the meat substitute product after heat treatment, such as an approximately cylindrical shape. In one aspect of the invention, the casing has a thickness of less than 0.5 mm, less than 0.2 mm, less than 0.1 mm
The casing can be of natural origin or artificial. Natural casings are obtained from animal intestines derived from slaughtering. Manufactured artificial casings are made of cellulose, collagen, alginates or synthetic materials such as polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidenchloride (PVDC) and polyester (PET). In one aspect of the invention, the casing of the meat substitute product is comprising animal intestine, cellulose, collagen, polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylidenchloride (PVDC) and/or polyester (PET).
Casings may be characterized by their permeability to water and gases. Depending on the type of food product, a casing with a good permeability may be selected allowing the filling to dry and/or take up smoke. Alternatively, a casing with a minimal permeability may be selected to prevent water loss, to obtain a long shelf-life and/or to preserve a good taste and flavor
The type of casing may also be selected based on its mechanical strength. Synthetic casings are mechanically strong, relatively heat resistant, impermeable to smoke, gases and water vapor. Synthetic casings are particularly useful for sausages of larger caliber, sausages where water vapor losses during heat treatment are not wanted, sausages to be cooked at relatively high temperatures and/or sausages with long shelf life and good preservation of taste and flavor. The skilled person in the art will be able to select a suitable casing for the meat substitute product of interest.
In one aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product is comprising:
In one preferred aspect of the invention, the meat substitute product is comprising:
The meat substitute product according of the present invention that is comprising the randomly interesterified triglyceride, has an improved mouthfeel and texture compared to a meat substitute product that is comprising liquid oil and/or coconut oil.
The meat substitute product of the present invention has a juicy, fatty mouthfeel, nice bite and good firmness of the texture. The meat substitute product has a good stability. No appearance of oil droplets on the surface (sweating) is observed after a stability test of the product during 1 h at room temperature.
For the production of the meat substitute product according to the present invention, processes for the production of meat-based sausages that are generally well known in the art, may be used. The meat substitute product may be prepared in a process where crushed ice/water, comminuted (ground) fat, comminuted (ground) protein ingredients and optionally other ingredients such as sodium chloride, spices/seasonings coloring agents are chopped, processed and subsequently filled under vacuum into casings. The filled casings are heat treated and subsequently cooled down. The meat substitute product of the present invention is obtained.
The invention relates to the use of the randomly interesterified triglyceride for improving the texture and/or organoleptic properties of a meat substitute product.
The current invention relates to the use, wherein the randomly interesterified triglyceride has a content of lauric acid (C12) of less than 5.0 wt %, less than 3.0 wt %, or even less than 1.0 wt %, a content of palmitic acid (C16) and stearic acid (C18) is in a range of from 35 to 65 wt %, from 38 to 55 wt %, from 40 to 50 wt %, or from 42 to 45 wt %, and a ratio of C18 over C16 is in a range of from 1.0 to 10.0, from 1.1 to 8.0, or from 1.2 to 6.5.
In one aspect, the current invention relates to the use, wherein the randomly interesterified triglyceride has a content of oleic acid (C18.1) and linoleic acid (C18.2) in a range of from 35 to 60 wt %, from 40 to 58 wt %, or from 45 to 55 wt %.
In one more aspect, the current invention relates to the use, wherein the randomly interesterified triglyceride is characterized by a ratio of SUS over SSU (SUS/SSU) in a range of from 0.5 to 1.0, from 0.6 to 0.9, or from 0.7 to 0.8.
In yet another aspect, the current invention relates to the use, wherein the randomly interesterified triglyceride has a melting point in a range of from 35 to 65° C., from 38 to 55° C., or from 40 to 50° C.
In a preferred aspect, the current invention relates to the use, wherein the randomly interesterified triglyceride has:
Randomly interesterified tryglicerides No 1 to 4 are obtained by chemically interesterifying the fat blends 1 to 4 as described in table 1. The chemical interesterification is a process that is generally well known by the person skilled in the art.
The fatty acid composition of the randomly interesterified triglycerides are shown in table 1.
Food products were prepared. An impermeable, artificial casing was used. The recipe of the meat alternative products is shown in table 2.
The following steps were taken to prepare the food composition according to the present invention:
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20209359.7 | Nov 2020 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2021/059680 | 11/17/2021 | WO |
