Patent Grant
7987643
The present invention relates to a system for fastening elements such as panels, particularly made of fragile material especially glass, to a structure such as an element of a carcass or to a framework such as posts or tensioned cables, at least at one point.
Among the applications of the present invention are the production of glazed partitions, walls or facades made up of glass elements fixed to the surrounding carcass elements (ceiling, floor, walls) and possibly joined together. These partitions, walls or facades may be made up of fixed or moving (doors, windows, ventilation hatches) glass elements. Conventionally, the fixtures for these elements act on drillings passing through the elements and comprise two pieces clamped against each of the faces of the elements.
To allow the relative positions of the elements and of the structure to be adjusted, the drillings are generally larger in size than the members inserted therein, so as to allow these members to be accommodated in a broad range, then the position of the members is fixed when the pieces are tightened, these pieces also serving to hide the gap between the members and the edges of the holes.
While admittedly these fixing solutions are effective, the presence of the opaque clamping pieces, which are generally metal plates, goes against the desire for transparency which caused glass to be chosen as a material from which to make the wall elements.
Fixing systems which favor transparency are known in the production of glazed facades made up of structural glazing (SG). The glazing therein is equipped with fastener or attachment devices which generally have, as a common element, an attachment shank projecting on the one side, at right angles or roughly at right angles to the glass panel, mounted on the panel via connecting means of any type, particularly pendular, of the ball-joint type, using bolts, etc. Advantageously, the connection means is such that the other side of the panel on the opposite side to the shank has no element protruding from the facade.
To allow glass panels, the size of which may be considerable, to be mounted accurately, the fastener systems generally comprise adjusting devices situated at the fasteners themselves, and which therefore remain visible. While that is not generally detrimental to the esthetic appearance of a large glazed assembly, it may become so in the case of smaller glazed elements such as glazed partitions.
The applicant company has looked for means of mechanical connection between an element and a support structure or a framework with the objective of such means allowing the elements made of glass or some other fragile material to be correctly positioned, and in particular to remain in their plane of inertia without introducing stresses associated with relative movements due to possible differences in thermal expansion, so that the material maintains all of its mechanical properties while at the same time best preserving the esthetic look of the fixing so as to make it applicable particularly to the production of small glazed volumes.
To this end, there is proposed, according to the invention, a device for mechanical connection between fastener and framework or structure which is able to form a break in the transmission of forces and which allows the fixing to have a position that is fixed at a number of degrees of freedom that is chosen particularly according to the position of the fastener because the stresses at the upper points and at the lower points of the system are not the same.
This mechanical connection device allows fine control over the relative movements of a joinery or facade assembly comprising glass elements (particularly monolithic or laminated glass, multiple glazing at least one panel of which may itself be laminated, etc.) or elements made of some other fragile material particularly ceramic, which in situ are subjected to high forces, whether these be elements of essentially flat shape such as panes or panels, or elements with some volume such as beams or posts.
The subject of the present invention is, first of all, a mechanical connection device for fixing an element, particularly made of fragile material such as glass, to a framework or bearing structure or connecting to an adjacent similar element, comprising at least one arm with a first end connected to a fastener connected to the element, and a second end connected to a joining piece, said joining piece comprising a tubular envelope which contains a mechanism for adjusting the degrees of freedom of the fixing or of the connection.
The device according to the invention decouples the functions of connection to the element and adjustment of the position thereof by relegating the adjustment mechanism to inside a joining piece which is offset with respect to the fastener. For this, the joining piece has a tubular envelope or sheath which shields the adjusting mechanism from view. The sheath may adopt very diverse shapes in order to conform to all architectural choices, and the term “tubular” here denotes a volume of any cross section (circular, elliptical or generally curved, but also square, rectangular or generally polygonal).
According to a particular and advantageous embodiment, the first end of the arm hides at least part of the fastener. In particular, the fastener may be housed in the body of the arm through the first end of the arm.
In particular, if the fastener has a threaded portion, the body of the arm may comprise a tapped portion which accommodates the threaded portion of the fastener. The tapped portion may consist of a tapped spacer piece, fixed to the body of the arm by screwing, particularly by means of a screw inserted into the spacer piece at the opposite end to the fastener; this system allows easy assembly and disassembly of the connection device and provides adaptability to suit fasteners of different diameters simply by interchanging the spacer piece.
The first end of the arm may also contain a fixing mechanism that works by mechanical engagement of the clip type, able to collaborate with the exterior surface of the fastener or with a special-purpose body such as a bushing mounted on any fastener, possibly threaded.
The first end of the arm may also have an interior surface able to constitute a flat bearing surface for part of the fastener connected to the element. This arrangement makes it possible to provide a more rigid connection and allows forces to be transmitted by the fastener over a wider area than that afforded by the connecting shank. This flat bearing surface may well be hidden, for example if it is provided inside the body of the arm.
Advantageously, the first end of the arm may be disengaged to come into contact with the element, if appropriate via an interface material. Thus, the arm delimits, with the surface of the element, a space which in particular allows a portion or all of the fastener to be hidden. Furthermore, the arm affords an additional flat bearing surface, this time for bearing on the element directly, and this contributes to the rigidity of the connection and to the reaction of the forces in the direction of the arm.
As a preference, the adjusting mechanism is designed to allow, once the device has been mounted, the second end of the arm to be moved in terms of translation or in terms of rotation along its axis or perpendicular to its axis, within fixed limits, with the possibility of restricting, extending so far as to eliminate, one degree of freedom or both degrees of freedom of said movement, at the same time as definitive adjustment of the position of said fastener along the corresponding axis is provided if this or these degrees of freedom is or are eliminated.
This adjusting mechanism may be incorporated into the connection between the second end of the arm and the joining piece. In particular, the second end of the arm may be engaged in a cavity in the joining piece, or vice versa.
According to a particular embodiment, the second end of the arm has an externally threaded portion and the cavity of the joining piece is tapped to allow the position of the second end to be adjusted along its axis by screwing.
According to another particular embodiment, the cavity is of a shape designed to allow the second end, which may be externally threaded, to slide along its axis.
According to another particular embodiment, the cavity is of a suitable shape to allow the second end of the arm some play perpendicular to its axis, in particular in translation or in rotation, and the adjusting mechanism may comprise at least one adjustable stop designed to limit the magnitude of this play. In particular, the stop may be formed by the head of a screw-runner, the threaded shank of which collaborates with a tapped hole made in the body of the second end of the arm. Furthermore, the second end of the arm may be in connection with the joining piece via a pin which acts as a pivot pin.
As an alternative, the adjusting mechanism comprises a means able to give the joining piece a degree of freedom in rotation about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the second end of the arm. In particular, this means may consist of an elastic ring arranged in the joining piece so that it is coaxial with the second end of the arm.
The joining piece may be formed of at least two assembled parts, possibly able to move or immobilized with respect to one another.
For connection to the structure, to the framework or to at least one element thereof, a connection piece for connecting to the framework or the bearing structure is advantageously mounted on the tubular envelope or the arm or arms. In particular, this connection piece may comprise a connecting part for connecting to a tube, a cable or a stiffener, said connecting part in particular being able to slide along the tube, the cable or the stiffener.
The connection device may comprise a number of arms each having a first end connected to a fastener mechanically connected to an element and a second end connected to one and the same joining piece.
The device may also comprise a connecting part for connecting to a structure, said connecting part incorporating a pivot pin about which the element can pivot with respect to the structure. In this case, it is preferable for the mechanical connection device to comprise at least three arms the first ends of which are not aligned, so as not to encourage torsional moments in the element.
The present invention also relates to a wall comprising at least one fixed or opening element mounted on a structure or a framework by means of a mechanical connection device as defined hereinabove.
This wall may advantageously be formed of elements connected at the periphery to the structure or to adjacent elements, by means of at least one gasket of predetermined size filling the space between an element and the structure or between an element and another adjacent element, if necessary of uniform size between all the elements, for example by means of a pre-extruded gasket, all the elements being suitably aligned by virtue of the adjusting system of the connection device.
As a preference, the elements are provided with fasteners mechanically connected to the elements, although connections by bonding are also conceivable. The fastener is advantageously connected in the thickness of the material of the element either in just part of the thickness within a blind hole or with all of the thickness in a through-hole. In both instances the invention allows discrete and strong mounting.
To better illustrate the subject of the present invention, some embodiments thereof depicted in the appended drawings will now be described by way of purely illustrative and nonlimiting examples.
In these drawings:
In order to make these figures easier to understand, the various elements depicted are not strictly to scale.
In a common way, it is desirable for the fastener in position (A) to constitute a fixed point of the glazing and therefore be positioned very precisely during mounting without any degrees of freedom. For the purposes of mounting, the connection of the fastener at position (B) with the structure is preferably with a possibility of adjustment along a horizontal axis contained in the plane of the glazing, and the connection of the fasteners at positions (C) and (D) with the structure is preferably with a possibility of adjustment also along a horizontal axis contained in the plane of the glazing and also along a vertical axis contained in the plane of the glazing.
The device according to the invention which allows these adjustments is visible in the perspective view of
The device is essentially made up of two arms 8A and 8B, essentially in the shape of an L and collaborating on the one hand at a first end 9 respectively with the fasteners 5A and 5B and, on the other hand, at a second end 10 with a joining piece 11. This joining piece is gripped by a ring 12 which has a tubular part 13 arranged vertically for connection to the framework of cables 7. The cables 7 may just as easily be arranged behind the connection device 6 as depicted in the figure as between the connection device 6 and the glazing 2.
The arms 8 intercept the fasteners 5 of the glazings 2 in a direction which is transversal, generally normal, to the planes of the glazing 2, thus allowing very discrete mounting. The mechanisms for adjusting the fixing positions (A) and (B) are incorporated inside the joining piece 11 and are themselves invisible from the outside of the system.
The details of the device are visible in
This sectioned view schematically shows the structure of the fasteners 5, which are preferably expanding metal fasteners mechanically connected to a blind hole 14 with an undercut. Such fasteners are known in particular from documents EP 595 062 and EP 647 760. If appropriate, an interface material is arranged between the jaws of the fastener 5 and the wall of the milled hole 14. The fastener 5 is screwed to the glazing 2 by means of a nut 15 with the interposition of a washer 16.
As an alternative, the fastener 5 may be inserted into a through-hole, or may even be bonded in.
The part of the fastener 5 which serves for connection to the structure advantageously consists of a threaded shank 17 projecting at right angles to the surface of the glass 2.
The arms 8 of the connection device are preferably made of metal, particularly steel. The first end 9 of the arm 8 contains a tapped annular spacer piece 18 which accommodates the threaded shank 17. On its face situated on the same side as the glazing 2, the spacer piece 18 bears flat against the nut 15. On the opposite side to the face 19, the spacer piece 18 may bear flat against a shoulder 20 made inside the arm 8. The spacer piece 18 is clamped in the arm 8 by means of a screw 21 inserted in the tapping via a hole 22 made in the arm at the elbow 23 towards the first end 9. This flat bearing system allows the thread on the rod to be relieved when forces are transmitted. During mounting, the clamping operation has the effect of bringing the first end 9 of the arm to bear against the surface of the glazing 2, if necessary via an interface material 24, such as a silicone washer. This material may be placed in a groove made in the frontal surface of the spacer piece or the end of the arm, and held there as a tight fit or by a connection of the clip type. The fact that the end of the arm bears against the glazing 2 allows the fastener to be completely hidden and causes the arm to contribute to the transmission of forces and relieves the mechanical fastener.
The spacer piece system makes it possible, using the same type of arm, to tailor the device to suit fasteners of different types, that is to say having a connection shank that may or may not be threaded, or with different diameters, simply by replacing the spacer piece with another with an appropriate tapping and/or incorporating another system of connection to the shank, particularly by clipping.
As shown in the embodiments of
The position of the fastener 5A, which serves as a fixed point in the glazing system, can be adjusted in terms of height at the connection between the part 13 and the cable 7, particularly by virtue of an adjustable tightening means of the nut type.
As shown in the embodiment of
The possibility of adjustment in the vertical direction is afforded by a pin 27 inserted horizontally into the joining piece portion 26 and which passes through the end 10B. For that, the end 10B is provided with a slot 28 which is wider than the diameter of the pin, so as to preserve the mobility in sliding.
Other details are visible in
It can be seen that the joining piece portion 26 has a recess 29 which defines vertical play for the arm portion 8B near the end 10B which is free to turn about the axis of the pin 27. The magnitude of this clearance may be determined by an adjustable stop consisting of a screw runner 30 which passes through the body of the joining piece via a vertical hole 31. Once mounted, the glazing 2 is subject to the action of its self-weight and the arm 8B spontaneously comes into abutment against the head of the screw runner 30, and the possibility of turning is barred by the force of gravity. Adjusting the screw-runner therefore makes it possible to determine precisely the vertical position of the fastener 5B.
To constitute the connection of the fasteners 5C and 5D to the structure with two degrees of freedom in orthogonal translation, all that is required is to dispense with the screw-runners 30 forming stops, thus maintaining the possibility of vertical sliding of the end portions 9 of the arms 8.
This degree of freedom in rotation of the arms 8 about a horizontal axis may also be allowed by measures taken on the joining piece only, particularly through the fact that the two portions 25 and 26 of the joining piece 11 are separated by an annular ring of elastic material arranged coaxially with the holes in said portions. The joining piece portions 25 and 26 may be secured by virtue of the outer ring 12 forming a tubular envelope, the joining piece portion 26 also being surrounded by an elastic sleeve which allows limited vertical mobility.
A collar 32 is associated with the ring 12 and on this collar is provided the tubular part 13 for the connection to the vertical cable 7, particularly allowing the cable to slide in the tubular part.
The tubular part 13 may also be equipped with means of connection to a stiffener, particularly made of glass, behind the cable 7, with the possibility of sliding along the axis of the stiffener. Such a type of relationship between a connection device and a stiffener is described in EP 887 484.
The system which has just been described allows the mounting of elements such as glazing with very fine positioning, in particular allowing vertical and horizontal alignment with perfect uniformity, thus allowing the use of prefabricated extruded gaskets in order to achieve a durable seal between two adjacent elements. By comparison with the customary technique which consists in applying a jointing compound between the mounted elements, which is not always able to obtain perfect seals, the solution using prefabricated gaskets allows the esthetic dimension in producing the glazed assembly to be taken to new heights.
This device 33 is essentially made up of:
The three fasteners 37 are arranged on the door panel 38 at three points which are not aligned so as to avoid having a torsional moment in the glass. In the alternative form depicted, the two arms 34 and 35 are elbowed as in the previous embodiment, while the arm 36 is straight.
The shaft 41 is arranged in the plane of the door panel by virtue of an appropriate cut-out therein, which gives the door a double opening action. If the pivot were installed outside of the plane of the panel, the door would have a single opening action.
The pivot system is suited to the fixing of opening glazing with pivoting about a horizontal axis.
It goes without saying that the invention is not restricted to monolithic glazing. It also encompasses multiple glazing of the double glazing type in which the various glass panes are assembled via a gas-filled gap using a peripheral gasket, and laminated glazing such as glazing made up of a so-called “inner” pane of soda-lime silica float glass assembled with another, so-called “outer” pane of the same kind of glass, via an interlayer of plastic of the polyvinyl butyral type. Multiple glazing may also comprise at least one sheet of glass of the laminated type.
Of course, the embodiments described hereinabove are not in any way limiting and may give rise to any desirable modifications without thereby departing from the scope of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 14700 | Nov 2001 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR02/03626 | 10/23/2002 | WO | 00 | 9/30/2004 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO03/038222 | 5/8/2003 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5540514 | Demars et al. | Jul 1996 | A |
| 6412242 | Elmer | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6467227 | Elmer | Oct 2002 | B2 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 199 40 720 | Mar 2001 | DE |
| 10000417 | Mar 2001 | DE |
| 617 190 | Sep 1994 | EP |
| 1 020 577 | Jul 2000 | EP |
| 0163082 | Aug 2001 | WO |
| 0173251 | Oct 2001 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050055913 A1 | Mar 2005 | US |
