Patent Application
20170037963
This disclosure relates generally to hydrostatic systems and more particularly to mechanically coupled multi-variator actuation in a hydrostatic transmission.
A hydrostatic transmission may be used in a heavy machine, such as a construction or agricultural machine, to deliver power from a power source, such as the engine, to the drivetrain of the heavy machine. The hydrostatic transmission may include one or more variators, each including a hydraulic motor paired with a hydraulic pump. The variators may be configured so as to provide continuously variable torque and speed to the drivetrain of the heavy machine, thus allowing the power source to operate at its ideal operating mode (e.g., an optimal range of revolutions per minute (RPM) or at an optimal fuel consumption rate) according to present power requirements.
One potential drawback of hydrostatic transmissions is that it has proven difficult to scale up the system, particularly with regard to the size of the hydraulic pumps and motors, to account for larger machine sizes. For example, larger displacement hydraulic pumps and motors inherently possess much more limited operating speed capabilities than smaller pumps and motors. In addition, large-sized piston hydraulic displacement pumps or motors tend to be less efficient than their smaller-sized counterparts. Further, larger-sized actuators will be required for controlling larger pumps and motors, thus requiring larger control valves to handle the higher control flow requirements and complicating the system design.
One method of addressing the aforementioned drawbacks relating to scaling difficulties is to include two or more variators operating in parallel. In such hydrostatic transmissions, however, the two variators must perform the same function (i.e., produce identical power flows) or else suffer inefficiencies caused by a mismatch in function.
U.S. Pat. No. 8,500,587 to Du et al. (the '587 patent) provides one solution that allegedly addresses the problem of matching the functions of the two parallel variators. The '587 patent discloses a hydrostatic transmission containing two variators, each comprising a hydraulic motor and hydraulic pump in a respective hydraulic circuit. To match the functions of the two variators, the two variators are connected by two bridging hydraulic links. The first bridging hydraulic link connects a first side of the hydraulic circuit of the first variator to a respective first side of the hydraulic circuit of the second variator. Similarly, the second bridging hydraulic link connects a second side of the hydraulic circuit of the first variator to a respective second side of the hydraulic circuit of the second variator. The two bridging hydraulic links may compensate for any flow difference between the hydraulic circuits of the two variators. Although the '587 patent discloses one technique for matching the functions of parallel variators, other systems and methods may be implemented to facilitate matching the functions of parallel variators.
This disclosure relates to mechanically coupled multi-variator actuation. One system may include: a first hydraulic variator comprising: a first hydraulic pump; and a first hydraulic motor linked to the first hydraulic pump. The system may further include a second hydraulic variator comprising: a second hydraulic pump; and a second hydraulic motor linked to the second hydraulic pump. The system may further include a first actuator linked to the first hydraulic pump and configured to control a displacement of the first hydraulic pump; a second actuator linked to the second hydraulic pump and configured to control a displacement of the second hydraulic pump; and a mechanical link connecting the first actuator and the second actuator, the mechanical link configured to facilitate a coordinated operation of the first actuator and the second actuator.
One system may include a first hydraulic variator comprising: a first hydraulic pump; and a first hydraulic motor linked to the first hydraulic pump; a second hydraulic variator comprising: a second hydraulic pump; and a second hydraulic motor linked to the second hydraulic pump; and an actuator comprising a moveable component mechanically linked to the first hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic pump and configured to control a displacement of the first hydraulic pump and the second hydraulic pump.
A method of controlling a multi-variator system, the method may include the steps of: causing hydraulic actuation of a first actuator configured to control a first hydraulic pump of a first variator; and causing mechanical actuation of a second actuator configured to control a second hydraulic pump of a second variator, wherein the mechanical actuation is caused via a mechanical link between the first actuator and the second actuator.
The following detailed description is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purposes of illustration, examples are shown in the drawings; however, the subject matter is not limited to the specific elements and instrumentalities disclosed. In the drawings:
This disclosure provides a system incorporating mechanically coupled multi-variator actuation in a hydrostatic transmission. As an example, a hydrostatic transmission disposed on a machine may include a pair of variators, each comprising a variable displacement hydraulic pump and a fixed hydraulic motor. The power output from a power source, such as the engine of the machine, may be split, such as via a gear set, to provide an input to the hydraulic pump of each variator. The output from the hydraulic motor of each variator may be combined, such as via a second gear set, into a common output. The common output may be used to power various operations of the machine, such as the operation of the machine drivetrain. The displacement of the hydraulic pumps may be continuously varied to adjust the speed and/or torque of the common output.
The displacement of the hydraulic pump of each variator may be varied by operation of an actuator, such as a double-acting hydraulic piston actuator, linked to each hydraulic pump. To facilitate the coordinated operation of each of the variators, and thus maintain the efficiency of the hydrostatic transmission, the actuator or actuators controlling each of the hydraulic pumps of each variator may be mechanically linked. By virtue of the mechanical link, the actuators, and thus the hydraulic pumps, may operate synchronously.
The first variator 102 may include a first hydraulic pump 106. The first hydraulic pump 106 may be a variable displacement hydraulic pump and may have a swash plate. As an example, the first hydraulic pump 106 may be or comprise an axial piston pump and may have a swash plate. As such, the angle of the swash plate of the first hydraulic pump 106 may be adjusted to change the displacement of the first hydraulic pump 106. The first variator 102 may also include a first hydraulic motor 110, which may be hydraulically connected to the first hydraulic pump 106. As an example, the first hydraulic motor 110 may be a fixed displacement hydraulic motor.
The second variator 104 may include a second hydraulic pump 108. The second hydraulic pump 108 may be a variable displacement hydraulic pump and may have a swash plate. As an example, the second hydraulic pump 108 may be or comprise an axial piston pump and may have a swash plate. As such, the angle of the swash plate of the second hydraulic pump 108 may be adjusted to change the displacement of the second hydraulic pump 108. The second variator 104 may also include a second hydraulic motor 112, which may be hydraulically connected to the second hydraulic pump 108. As an example, the second hydraulic motor 112 may be a fixed displacement hydraulic motor.
The first hydraulic pump 106 and the second hydraulic pump 108 may each receive a power input via a first input shaft 114 and a second input shaft 116, respectively. A power source, such as an internal combustion engine of the machine, may provide a single common input. The common input may be split, by a gear set for example, into two or more inputs. For example, the gear set may split the power of the common input equally between the two or more inputs. The two or more inputs split from the common power input may drive the first input shaft 114 and the second input shaft 116, respectively. The first input shaft 114 and the second input shaft 116 may power the first hydraulic pump 106 and the second hydraulic pump 108, respectively, of the first variator 102 and the second variator 104, respectively, to each produce an output via a first output shaft 118 and a second output shaft 120, respectively. The first output shaft 118 and the second output shaft 120 may be mechanically tied via a gear set to produce the common output 122. The common output 122 may be used to power a drivetrain, or other application, of the machine upon which the hydrostatic transmission 100 is disposed. The drivetrain may be mechanically linked to a propulsive means of the vehicle, such as wheels or tracks. The common output 122 may additionally or alternatively be used to power an implement disposed on the vehicle to perform a task, such as a bucket, a lifting device, a boom, auger, or the like.
The hydrostatic transmission 100 may operate as a component of a larger transmission system. For example, the hydrostatic transmission 100 may be included in a split power continuously variable transmission (CVT). Referring to
In operation, the planetary gear arrangement 612 may combine the hydrostatic output power from the hydrostatic transmission 100 with the split input mechanical power to provide hydro-mechanical output power for application to a load, such as the propulsive means of the vehicle or an implement disposed thereon. As such, the speed and torque in each of the power ranges initially set by gear ratios of the planetary gear arrangement 612 can be continuously varied by varying the displacements of the first hydraulic pump 106 and/or the second hydraulic pump 108 of the hydrostatic transmission 100.
As used throughout this disclosure, the term “linked” shall mean a connection between two or more elements wherein an aspect or operation of one element affects an aspect or operation of another element. The term shall not be construed to require a direct connection, but may also include an indirect connection, such as a connection including one or more intermediary elements.
Returning again to
Since the first variator 102 and the second variator 104 are tied together via the gear set connecting the first input shaft 114 and the second input shaft 116 and the gear set connecting the first output shaft 118 and the second output shaft 120, any mismatch in the characteristics of the first variator 102 and the second variator 104, including those of the first hydraulic pump 106 and the second hydraulic pump 108 and the first hydraulic motor 110 and the second hydraulic motor 112, of the first variator 102 and the second variator 104, may result in the first variator 102 and the second variator 104 working against each other and thus negatively impact the efficiency of the hydrostatic transmission 100.
One mechanism to avoid conflict and loss of efficiency when using multiple variators in parallel is that at the steady state, all the variators should perform the same function, or work in the same mode, i.e., applying torque or receiving torque.
sgn(Tmωm)≧0 (1)
and
sgn(Tmωm)<0 (2)
If Eq. (1) is satisfied, then the power flow is positive, and the variator 202 working mode is that the hydraulic pump 204 works as a pump and the hydraulic motor 206 works as a motor. If Eq. (2) is satisfied, then the power flow is negative and the variator 202 working mode is that the hydraulic pump 204 works as a motor and the hydraulic motor 206 works as a pump. Since
sgn(Tmωm)=sgn(ΔPmDmQm) (3)
where Dm is the displacement of the hydraulic motor 206, the variator 202 working mode can also be determined by the sign of the product of pump loop pressure ΔPm and the pump loop flow Qm as expressed by
sgn(ΔPmDmQm)≧0 (4)
and
sgn(ΔPmDmQm)<0 (5)
If Eq. (4) is satisfied, the power flow is positive and the variator 202 working mode is that the hydraulic pump 204 works as a pump and the hydraulic motor 206 works as a motor. If Eq. (5) is satisfied, the power flow is negative and the variator 202 working mode is that the hydraulic pump 204 works as a motor and the hydraulic motor 206 works as a pump.
For a fixed displacement hydraulic motor, Eqs. (4) and (5) become
sgn(ΔPmQm)≧0 (6)
and
sgn(ΔPmQm)<0 (7)
If the direction of pump loop flow Qm is constrained by its output 210, the power flow will only be determined by the sign of the pump loop pressure ΔPm. Therefore, controlling the pump loop pressure ΔPm will control the variator 202 power flow and thus controls the variator 202 working mode.
As such, it would be beneficial in multiple variator applications to force all variators to work in the same mode when they are integrated together at their output to power the related system. In particular, it would be beneficial for the pump loop pressure ΔPm in all variators to be equal. This is more important at low pump loop pressure for steady state pressure control accuracy since small changes can result in a mode reversal at low pressures. In addition, during the system transients it is important to maintain accuracy since variators fighting each other at this time could result in system instability, e.g., oscillations.
Referring again to
The swash plate of the second hydraulic pump 108 may be mechanically linked to a second actuator 128 to effectuate adjustment of the respective swash plate. Although the linking of the second actuator 128 is described relative to the second hydraulic pump 108, it is understood that the second actuator 128 may be linked to other components such as a variable motor (e.g., of a variator) and the like. As an example, the second actuator 126 may be or comprise a hydraulic actuator. The hydraulic actuator may include a cylinder and a movable piston within the cylinder. The hydraulic actuator may be double-acting, such that hydraulic pressure may be applied to either side of the piston within the cylinder and the difference in pressure between the two sides may effectuate movement of the piston within the cylinder. As will be described in further detail, a piston on the first actuator 126 may be mechanically linked to a piston of the second actuator 128 to facilitate synchronous operation. In certain embodiments, a single actuator may be configured to control a position of the swash plates of each of the hydraulic pumps 106, 108.
The operation and control of the first actuator 126 and the second actuator 128 may be accomplished with a valve 132 disposed along a hydraulic channel 136 between a hydraulic pump 138 and one or more of the first actuator 126 and the second actuator 128. The valve 132 may include a single four-way valve or two three-way valves. The valve 132 may be communicatively connected to a controller 124, which controls the operation of the valve 132. The controller 124 may control the operation of the first actuator 126 and/or the second actuator 128 and/or other aspects of the hydrostatic transmission 100 according to an input from a machine operator. The controller 124 may be communicatively connected to a level, pedal, or other input means that may be manipulated by the machine operator to effectuate the operation of the machine.
As an example, the ends of each of the first actuator 126 and second actuator 128 that are not connected to the hydraulic channel 136 may be connected by a mechanical link 130. The mechanical link 130 may operate to coordinate the operation of the first actuator 126 and the second actuator 128 so that the swash plate of the first hydraulic pump 106 and the swash plate of the second hydraulic pump 108 may cause the first hydraulic pump 106 and the second hydraulic pump 108 to each operate at equal displacements, and thus maintain a balance of the pump loop pressure ΔP1 and the pump loop pressure ΔP2 so that the pump loop pressure ΔP1 equals the pump loop pressure ΔP2.
As used throughout the disclosure, the term “coordinated operation” may refer to an operation of two more elements in a manner that furthers a common objective such as synchronizing an operation with respect to time. For example, the first actuator 126 and the second actuator 128 may be coordinately operated so that the pump loop pressure ΔP1 equals the pump loop pressure ΔP2. In some instances, “coordinated operation” may refer to an operation of two or more elements in which an operation of one element substantially matches an operation of a second element. For example, the coordinated operation of the first actuator 126 and the second actuator 128 may include the first actuator 126 and the second actuator 128 operating at substantially matched displacements.
The controller 124 may monitor one or more operational aspects of the hydrostatic transmission 100, such as the pump loop pressure ΔP1, ΔP2, pump loop flow Q1, Q2, output torque T1, T2, and output speed ω1, ω2 of the first variator 102 and the second variator 104. The one or more operational aspects may be monitored via one or more sensors included in the controller 124 or otherwise disposed in the hydrostatic transmission 100. The controller 124 may alter the operation of the valve 132 according to the one or more operational aspects of the hydrostatic transmission 100.
As illustrated in
With reference to
Also depicted in
With reference to
The first actuator 126 for the first hydraulic pump 106 of the first variator 102 and the second actuator 128 for the second hydraulic pump 108 of the second variator 104 may be connected via the mechanical link 130. As an example, the first piston 306 of the first actuator 126 and the second piston 308 of the second actuator 128 may be connected via the mechanical link 130. In certain embodiments, the mechanical link 130 may include a connecting rod, armature, and the like.
Due to the mechanical linkage between the pistons 306, 308, the operation of the first actuator 126 and the second actuator 128, and thus the respective first swash plate 302 and second swash plate 304, may be coordinated. For example, if hydraulic pressure is exerted in the second volume 316 of the second actuator 128, the second piston 308 may move as a result of that hydraulic pressure and contract the volume of the first volume 312 of the second actuator 128. The movement of the second piston 308 may accordingly cause an operation of the second swash plate 304. Since the second piston 308 of the second actuator 128 is linked, via the mechanical link 130, to the first piston 306 of the first actuator 126, the movement of the second piston 308 causes reciprocal movement of the first piston 306. The movement of the first piston 306 may therefor cause an operation of the first swash plate 302. As will be appreciated, this transfer of mechanical force from one actuator 126, 128 to another, and vice versa, via the mechanical link 130 may serve to cause synchronized movement of the first actuator 126 and the second actuator 128 and the first swash plate 302 and the second swash plate 304. Therefore, such coordinated movement results in the equal displacements of the first hydraulic pump 106 and the second hydraulic pump 108 and the equal pump loop pressures ΔP1, ΔP2.
The first piston 406 may be mechanically linked to and operate a first swash plate 402, which may be associated with the first hydraulic pump 106 (
Also depicted in
The second piston 408 may be mechanically linked to and operate a second swash plate 404, for example, of the second hydraulic pump 108 (
The first actuator 126′ and the second actuator 128′ may be connected via the mechanical link 130′, which may be similar to the mechanic link 130, except as described below. As an example, the first piston 406 of the first actuator 126′ and the second piston 408 of the second actuator 128′ may be connected via the mechanical link 130′. In certain embodiments, the mechanical link 130′ may include a connecting rod 420, an armature, and the like. As an example, the connecting rod 420 may be rotatably coupled to one or more of the pistons 406, 408 via pins 422 or other rotatable coupling mechanisms. The connecting rod 420 may be disposed to pivot about a pivot point 424 such as static mount coupled to a housing.
Due to the mechanical linkage between the pistons 406, 408, the operation of the first actuator 126′ and the second actuator 128′, and thus the respective first swash plate 402 and second swash plate 404, may be coordinated. As an example, as the first piston 406 moves in a first direction, the connecting rod 420 may pivot about the pivot point 424 and may cause the second piston 408 to move in a second direction, as illustrated by the dashed lines in
The piston 506 may be mechanically linked to and operate a first swash plate 502, which may be associated with the first hydraulic pump 106 (
The industrial applicability of the system for mechanically coupled multi-variator actuation in a hydrostatic transmission described herein will be readily appreciated from the foregoing discussion.
The disclosed system may be used in any application in which a transmission is used to link a power source to a work load, wherein, in particular, it may be desirable to continuously vary the speed and/or torque of the transmission output to the work load. For example, the disclosed system may be employed in a heavy machine used for mining, construction, farming, transportation, or any other industry known in the art. Examples of such a machine may include a wheel loader, excavator, dump truck, bulldozer, harvester, or the like. The disclosed system may be employed to power a work load, such as the drivetrain propelling the machine or an implement of the machine, such as a bucket, compactor, lifting device, auger, or the like.
The disclosed system for mechanically coupled multi-variator actuation in a hydrostatic transmission may facilitate efficient operation of a multi-variator hydrostatic transmission, such as the hydrostatic transmission 100. In order for a multi-variator hydrostatic transmission to operate efficiently, each of the variators, such as the first variator 102 and the second variator 104, must operate in cooperation or else risk causing inefficiencies due to the variators operating against each other or “fighting” each other. In particular, the pump loop pressure of a first variator may be equalized to the pump loop pressure of a second variator to ensure that the first and second variators operate in sync and thus operate without loss of efficiency. This efficient operation may be accomplished by a single actuator and/or by linking, such as via the mechanical link 130, 130′, two or more actuators configured to control the swash plate of the hydraulic pump of the first variator and the swash plate of the hydraulic pump of the second variator. The mechanical linkage may facilitate the synchronous operation (including displacement) of each the hydraulic pumps of each variator, thus providing equal pump loop pressures in each of the variators.
Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “may,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain aspects include, while other aspects do not include, certain features, elements, and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or steps are in any way required for at least one aspects or that at least one aspects necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular aspect. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list.
While certain example aspects have been described, these aspects have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of aspects disclosed herein. Thus, nothing in the foregoing description is intended to imply that any particular feature, characteristic, step, module, or block is necessary or indispensable. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of aspects disclosed herein. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of certain aspects disclosed herein.
The preceding detailed description is merely example in nature and is not intended to limit the disclosure or the application and uses of the disclosure. The described aspects are not limited to use in conjunction with a particular type of machine. Hence, although the present disclosure, for convenience of explanation, depicts and describes particular machine, it will be appreciated that the assembly and electronic system in accordance with this disclosure may be implemented in various other configurations and may be used in other types of machines. Furthermore, there is no intention to be bound by any theory presented in the preceding background or detailed description. It is also understood that the illustrations may include exaggerated dimensions to better illustrate the referenced items shown, and are not consider limiting unless expressly stated as such.
It will be appreciated that the foregoing description provides examples of the disclosed system and technique. However, it is contemplated that other implementations of the disclosure may differ in detail from the foregoing examples. All references to the disclosure or examples thereof are intended to reference the particular example being discussed at that point and are not intended to imply any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure more generally. All language of distinction and disparagement with respect to certain features is intended to indicate a lack of preference for those features, but not to exclude such from the scope of the disclosure entirely unless otherwise indicated.
Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
