Patent Grant
10009654
The present disclosure is generally related to a media interface device.
Multimedia devices, such as “smart” televisions, tablet computers, mobile phones, set top boxes, etc. may receive multimedia content that originates from a variety of providers. The variety of providers may transmit content using a variety of transmission technologies (e.g., satellite digital video broadcasting, internet, cable television, cellular communication, etc.). A multimedia device may not be configured to receive content transmitted using each of the variety of techniques. For example, the multimedia device may be able to receive and process Internet protocol formatted content, but may be unable to receive and process satellite digital video broadcasting formatted content.
A media interface device may function as a “universal gateway” that enables access to media content available from various types of content sources. For example, the media interface device may include a plurality of receivers configured to receive media content from corresponding media sources. Each media source (e.g., content source) may be associated with a corresponding communication technology (e.g., 8-level vestigial sideband modulation, satellite digital video broadcasting, internet protocol television, cable television, cellular communication, online streaming, etc.). The media interface device may be configured to convert data received from multiple media sources into a common format (e.g., an internet protocol format). In some implementations, the media interface device may be a standalone device that is configured to communicate with a display device (e.g., a television, a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or another device capable of displaying media content). In other implementations, the media interface device may be embedded in a device (e.g., (e.g., a television, a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or another device capable of displaying media content). The media interface device may provide first content corresponding to a first media source or second content corresponding to a second media source to the display device. In some implementations, the media interface device may communicate with multiple display devices.
The media interface device may be configured enable a user of a display device to select content from multiple content sources using a single remote control device (associated with the display device) rather than separate remote control devices for each content source. Because the display device may directly interact with the media interface device, multiple set top boxes (each set top box corresponding to a different content source) may not be needed to request and view media content at the display device from multiple content source. Additionally, since the media interface device may receive commands from and provide content to more than one display device, a separate set top box is not needed for each display device to receive content from a variety of content sources that use a variety of technologies to transmit content.
In some implementations, the media interface device may receive a first media selection command from the display device. The first media selection command may indicate content to be provided from the media interface device to the display device, such as first content corresponding to a first content source. In response to the first media selection command, the media interface device may activate a receiver corresponding to the first content source and may send the first content to the display device using the common format (e.g., the internet protocol format). While providing the first content to the display device, the media interface device may receive a second media selection command from the display device. The second media selection command may indicate second content corresponding to a second content source. In response to the second media selection command, the media interface device may activate a second receiver corresponding to the second content source and may send the second content to the display device using the common format (e.g., the internet protocol format). When the media interface device switches from providing the first content from the first content source to providing the second content from the second content source, there may be a delay in a content stream received at the display device due to acquisition (or re-acquisition) of the second content from the second content source.
The present disclosure describes a media interface device configured to buffer content from multiple content sources to reduce or eliminate a delay during a content switching operation. For example, the media interface device may be configured to concurrently receive media content from multiple content sources, such as first media content from a first content source and second media content from a second content source. Each content source of the multiple media sources may be associated with a corresponding communication technology (e.g., 8-level vestigial sideband modulation, satellite digital video broadcasting, internet protocol television, cable television, cellular communication, online streaming, etc.). The media interface device may convert the received media content from the multiple content sources into the same format (e.g., a common format), such as an IP packet format. For example, the media interface device may include a first packetizer configured to output the first media content as first packetized content having the IP packet format and may include a second packetizer configured to output the second media content as second packetized content having the IP packet format. The first packetized content and the second packetized content may be stored in a buffer, such as a first in-first out (FIFO).
In some implementations, the media interface device may provide the first packetized content, via an interface of the media interface device, to a display device (e.g., a television, a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or another device capable of displaying media content). While providing the first packetized content from the buffer to the display device, the media interface device may receive a media selection request from the display device to provide the second media content associated with the second content source. In response to the media selection request, the media interface device may perform a content switching operation to select the second packetized content from the buffer and to send the second packetized content from the buffer, via the interface, to the display device. The use of the buffer by the media interface device may reduce a time of acquisition (e.g., an amount of time to acquire and provide the second packetized content) during the content switching operation. For example, the second packetized content may be available at buffer and available to be provided to the display device. By having the second packetized content available to be provided to the display device, a delay time in presenting the second content at the display device may be reduced as compared to if the media interface device having to acquire the second media content from the second content source, process the received second media content into second packetized content, and send the second packetized content to the display device. Accordingly, the media interface device may switch from sending the first packetized content to sending the second packetized content seamlessly with no detectable delay (or less delay time) from the perspective of a user of the display device.
In a particular illustrative aspect, an apparatus includes a plurality of packetizers, a buffer, and an interface. The plurality of packetizers includes a first packetizer and a second packetizer. Each of the plurality of packetizers is configured to receive media content associated with a corresponding media source. The buffer is coupled to the plurality of packetizers and is configured to concurrently receive first content from the first packetizers and second content from the second packetizers. The interface is configured to provide the first content from the buffer to a display device and, responsive to a media selection request received from the display device, to provide the second content from the buffer to the display device.
In another illustrative aspect, a method includes sending first content associated with a first content source from a buffer of a media interface device to a display device. The method further includes loading second content associated with a second content source into the buffer of the media interface device concurrently with sending the first content from the buffer to the display device. For example, the first content may be acquired from the first content source and the second content may be acquired from the second content source. Each of the acquired first content and the acquired second content may be processed into the same format (e.g., a common format), such as an IP packet format that is supported by the display device, and provided to the buffer. The method also includes receiving, at the media interface device, a media selection request from the display device, the media selection request identifying the second content. The method includes responding to the media selection request by sending the second content from the buffer to the display device.
In another illustrative aspect, a computer readable storage device stores instructions executable by a processor to perform operations including sending a first control signal to cause a selector to provide first content from a buffer of a media interface device to a display device. The operations also include identifying a media selection request included in a message received from the display device. The media selection request identifies second content. The second content and the first content are concurrently buffered at the media interface device by the buffer. For example, the first content may be acquired from the first content source and the second content may be acquired from the second content source. Each of the acquired first content and the acquired second content may be processed into the same format (e.g., a common format), such as an IP packet format that is supported by the display device, and provided to the buffer. The operations further include sending a second control signal to cause the selector to provide the second content from the buffer to the display device.
Referring to
The media interface device 102 may include content pipeline circuitry, a control plane 104, a buffer 180, and an interface 182. The content pipeline circuitry may include first content pipeline circuitry 106, second content pipeline circuitry 108, and third content pipeline circuitry 110. Each content pipeline circuitry may be configured to receive media content from a corresponding content source. For example, the first content pipeline circuitry 106 may be configured to receive first media content from the first content source 118, the second content pipeline circuitry 108 may be configured to receive second media content from the second content source, and the third content pipeline circuitry 110 may be configured to receive third media content form the third content source 122. Each of the first content source 118, the second content source 120, and the third content source 122 may include an 8-level vestigial sideband modulation (8VSB) content provider, a satellite digital video broadcasting (DVB) content provider, an internet protocol television (IPTV) content provider or a cable television (CATV) content provider, or a cellular service provider, as illustrative, non-limiting examples. Although the media interface device 102 is described as including content pipeline circuitry for three content sources, in other implementations, the media interface device 102 may include content pipeline circuitry for more than three or fewer than three content sources.
In some implementations, particular content pipeline circuitry may be configured to receive media content via a modem. For example, the media interface device 102 may include a first modem 130, and the second content pipeline circuitry 108 may receive the second media content from the second content source 120 via the first modem 130. As another example, the media interface device 102 may include a second modem 132, and the third content pipeline circuitry 110 may receive the third media content from the third content source 122 via the second modem 132.
Each content pipeline circuit of the plurality of content pipeline circuits may be configured to output content into the same format (e.g., a common format), such as an IP packet format that is supported by the display device 196. For example, particular content pipeline circuitry may be configured to receive media content having a first format and convert the media content to a second format that is output by the particular content pipeline. In some implementations, each of the plurality of content pipeline circuits may provide packetized content to the buffer 180 (e.g., a storage device) of the media interface device 102. To illustrate, the first content pipeline circuitry 106 may be configured to receive the first media content from the first content source 118 and to generate first content (packetized content) based on the first media content. Additionally, the second content pipeline circuitry 108 may be configured receive the second media content from the second content source 120 and to generate second content (packetized content) based on the second media content. Examples of different content pipeline circuits are described further herein with reference to
In some implementations, the media interface device 102 may have a modular design and be configured to receive pipeline circuitry modules. For example, at least one of the plurality of content pipeline circuits may be a module (e.g., a module card) that includes corresponding pipeline circuitry configured to enable content to be received at the media interface device 102 from a corresponding content source. To illustrate, the first content pipeline circuitry 106 may include a first module and the second content pipeline circuitry 108 may include a second module.
The first content pipeline circuitry 106 may include a first decoder 144 and a first packetizer 146. The first decoder 144 may be configured to decode and/or decrypt the first media content that is received in an encoded format and/or an encrypted format at the first content pipeline circuitry 106. For example, the first decoder 144 may store and manage decryption key(s) provided by a content provider associated with the first content source 118. In some implementations, if the first media content received from the first content source 118 is not encrypted, the first content pipeline circuitry 106 may bypass the first decoder 144 or may not include the first decoder 144. The first packetizer 146 may be configured to packetize the decoded first media content to generate first content (e.g., first packetized content). For example, the first packetizer 146 may insert audio and/or video data from the received first media content into one or more internet protocol (IP) packets. To illustrate, the first packetizer 146 may encapsulate content (e.g., audio data, video data, and or text data) in IP packets for communication between the media interface device 102 and the display device 196. Each IP packet may include an IP packet header portion generated by the first packetizer 146 and a payload portion that includes the content. The first packetizer 146 may send the first packetized audio and/or video data to the buffer 180.
The second content pipeline circuitry 108 may include a second decoder 154 and a second packetizer 156. The second decoder 154 may be configured to decode and/or decrypt the second media content that is received in an encoded format and/or an encrypted format at the second content pipeline circuitry 108 via the first modem 130. For example, the second decoder 154 may store and manage decryption key(s) provided by a content provider associated with the second content source 120. In some implementations, if the second media content received from the second content source 120 is not encrypted, the second content pipeline circuitry 108 may bypass the second decoder 154 or may not include the second decoder 154. The second packetizer 156 may be configured to packetize the decoded second media content to generate second content (e.g., second packetized content). For example, the second packetizer 156 may insert audio and/or video data from the received second media content into one or more IP packets. To illustrate, the second packetizer 156 may encapsulate content (e.g., audio data, video data, and or text data) in IP packets for communication between the media interface device 102 and the display device 196. Each IP packet may include an IP packet header portion generated by the second packetizer 156 and a payload portion that includes the content. The second packetizer 156 may send the second packetized audio and/or video data to the buffer 180.
The first modem 130 may be configured to bypass the second content pipeline circuitry 108 to provide the second media content (and/or messages) from the second content source 120 directly to the buffer 180 (e.g., to support communication between the display device 196 and the second content source 120). In some implementations, the first modem 130 may bypass the second content pipeline circuitry 108 and provide the second media content (and/or message) from the second content source 120 directly to the interface 182.
The third content pipeline circuitry 110 may include a third packetizer 178. The third packetizer 178 may receive packets (e.g., IP packets) from the second modem 132 that is in communication with the third content source 122. The third packetizer 178 may extract the contents of packets (e.g., packets addressed to a public IP address of the media interface device 102) received from the second modem 131 and insert the contents into new packets (e.g., packets addressed to a private IP address of the display device 196 that is in communication with the media interface device 102). The new packets may be sent to the buffer 180.
The buffer 180 (e.g., a storage device) may be coupled to the plurality of content pipeline circuits, such as the first content pipeline circuitry 106, the second content pipeline circuitry 108, and the third content pipeline circuitry 110. In some implementations, the buffer 180 may be directly coupled to the first modem 130. The buffer 180 may be configured to concurrently receive first content (e.g., first packetized content) from the first content pipeline circuitry 106, second content (e.g., second packetized content) from the second content pipeline circuitry 108, third content (e.g., third packetized content) from the third content pipeline circuitry 110, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the buffer 180 may include multiple sub-buffers, as described with reference to
In some implementations, the media interface device 102 may include or may be coupled to a selector (not shown), as described further with reference to
The interface 182 is coupled to the buffer 180 and configured to support communication with one or more display devices, such as the display device 196. While a single interface 182 is shown, the interface 182 may represent a plurality of interfaces to support communication in accordance with a plurality of communications standards. For example, the interface 182 may include an Ethernet interface, a home phone networking alliance interface (e.g., for communication of IP packets via a coaxial cable connection), a power-line (e.g., Ethernet over power-line) interface, an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 interface, or a combination thereof, as illustrative, non-limiting examples. Although the media interface device 102 is described as being coupled to a single display device, in other implementations, the media interface device 102 may be coupled to multiple display devices, as described with reference to
The interface 182 may be configured to provide data (e.g., content) to the display device 196. For example, the interface 182 may receive packetized content from the buffer 180 and may incorporate the packetized content into a data frame addressed to the display device 196 (e.g., to a media access control (MAC) address of an interface of the display device 196). To illustrate, the interface 182 may be configured to receive a buffered IP packet from the buffer 180 and to generate a MAC header that is combined with the IP packet to generate a data frame. Illustrative, non-limiting examples of data frames that may be communicated between the media interface device 102 and the display device 196 include, but are not limited to, an Ethernet frame, a home phone networking alliance frame, a power-line frame (e.g., Ethernet over power-line frame), an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 frame, or another link layer frame. Additionally, the media interface device 102 (e.g., the control plane 104, the first modem 130, etc.) may receive data from the display device 196 via the interface 182.
The control plane 104 may be configured to control operation of the media interface device 102. For example, the control plane 104 may include a processor and a memory storing instructions, such as firmware, that are executable by the processor. The instructions, when executed by the processor, may cause the processor (e.g., the control plane 104) to perform one or more operations described herein with reference to the control plane 104. For example, the control plane 104 may be configured to receive and process messages (e.g., requests) from the display device 196 via the interface 182. The control plane 104 is also configured to control operation of one or more components of the media interface device 102. For example, the control plane 104 is coupled to the first content pipeline circuitry 106, the second content pipeline circuitry 108, the buffer 180, and the interface 182. The control plane 104 may send control signals to the first content pipeline circuitry 106, the second content pipeline circuitry 108, the buffer 180, and the interface 182. For example, the control plane 104 may be configured to send first control signals to the first content pipeline circuitry 106 to activate (e.g., turn on) the first content pipeline circuitry 106, to tune a tuner (or selector) of the first content pipeline circuitry 106 to receive a particular frequency or frequency range, or a combination thereof, as illustrative, non-limiting examples. The control plane 104 may be configured to send second control signals to the second content pipeline circuitry 108 to activate (e.g., turn on) the second content pipeline circuitry 108, to tune a tuner (or selector) of the second content pipeline circuitry 108 to receive a particular frequency or frequency range, or a combination thereof, as illustrative, non-limiting examples. The control plane 104 may send third control signals to the buffer 180, the interface 182, a selector (not shown), or a combination thereof, to cause particular content to be sent to the display device 196 via the interface 182.
The storage device 103 may be a hard drive, a solid state drive, another kind of storage device, or a combination thereof. The storage device 103 may be coupled to the buffer 180, one or more of the content pipeline circuitry, or a combination thereof. The storage device 103 may have a storage capacity that is greater than a storage capacity of the buffer 180. The storage device 103 may be configured to provide storage and retrieval of media content items to enable digital video recorder (DVR) functionality at the media interface device 102) for media content received from multiple types of content sources (e.g., 8VSB, satellite, cable, IPTV, etc.). To illustrate, the storage device 103 may store content received at the media interface device 102 from one of the content sources (e.g., the first content source 118, the second content source 120, or the third content source 122). In an alternative implementation, the storage device 103 may be external to the media interface device 102 (e.g., offsite storage or included in a separate device that is accessible to the media interface device 102).
The display device 196 may be coupled to the media interface device 102 via the interface 182 of the media interface device 102. The display device 196 may be a television, a mobile phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or other device capable of displaying media content, as illustrative non-limiting examples. The display device 196 may receive content (e.g., packetized content including audio data, video data, and/or text data) from the media interface device 102 and may output the content via an interface, such as a display screen, a speaker, a projector, etc. In some implementations, the media interface device 102 may be included (e.g., embedded) in the display device 499, such as a “smart” television, as in illustrative, non-limiting example.
The display device 196 may include at least one processor and a memory. The memory include instructions executable by the processor to perform one or more operations. In some implementations, the processor may execute one or more applications, such as a representative application 198. In some implementations, the application 198 may enable communication with the first content source 118 and a second application may enable communication with the second content source 120.
In some implementations, the display device 196 (e.g., the application 198) may be responsive to a remote control signal received from a remote control device, as described with reference to
During operation, the control plane 104 may activate the first content pipeline circuitry 106 to receive the first media content from the first content source 118 and may activate the second content pipeline circuitry 108 to receive the second media content from the second content source 120. For example, the control plane 104 may activate the first content pipeline circuitry 106, the second content pipeline circuitry 108, or both, in response to an activation request (for the first media content) received from the display device 196 (e.g., received from the application 198). In some implementations, each of the first content pipeline circuitry 106 and the second content pipeline circuitry 108 is configured to receive corresponding media content via a different communication technology.
The first content pipeline circuitry 106 may receive the first media content and may process the first media content to generate the first content (e.g., first packetized content). The first content pipeline circuitry 106 may provide the first content to the buffer 180. The second content pipeline circuitry 108 may receive the second media content and may process the second media content to generate the second content (e.g., second packetized content). The second content pipeline circuitry 108 may provide the second content to the buffer 180.
The buffer 180 may concurrently receive and store the first content from the first content pipeline circuitry 106 and the second content from the second content pipeline circuitry 108. The interface 182 may receive the first content from the buffer 180 and may provide the first content to the display device as first content 190 (e.g., a first frame that includes the first content).
The media interface device 102 (e.g., the control plane 104) may receive a media selection request 192 from the display device 196 via the interface 182. The interface 182 may extract (e.g., via a de-encapsulation process) request data from the media selection request 192 and may relay the request data to the control plane 104. The media selection request 192 may indicate the second content associated with the second content source 120. The request data may specify pipeline circuitry and a particular media content (e.g., the second media content), a content source (e.g., the second content source 120), a channel (e.g., a television channel), or a combination thereof.
Responsive to the media selection request 192, the media interface device 102 may send the second content to the display device 196 as the second content 194. To illustrate, in response to the media selection request 192, the control plane 104 may send a particular control signal to perform a content switching operation. For example, the control plane 104 may send the particular control signal to the buffer 180 to cause the buffer 180 to output the buffered second content to the interface 182. The use of the buffer 180 by the media interface device 102 may reduce a time of acquisition (e.g., an amount of time to acquire and provide the second content) responsive to the media selection request 192. Accordingly, the media interface device 102 may switch from providing the first content 190 to providing the second content 194 seamlessly with no detectable wait (or less wait time) from the perspective of a user of the display device 196.
In some implementations, the media selection request 192 may request third content associated with the third content source 122. Responsive to the media selection request 192, the media interface device 102 may send the third content from the buffer 180 to the display device 196. For example, the control plane 104 may send a control signal to the buffer 180 to cause the buffer 180 to select the third content and the third content to the display device 196 via the interface 182.
In some implementations, the media interface device 102 may stream media content from a particular source device to the display device 196. For example, the media interface device 102 may stream first media content from the first content source 118 to the display device 196. The first media content streamed to the display device 196 may include or correspond to the first content 190. As another example, the media interface device 102 may stream second media content from the second content source 120 to the display device 196. The second media content streamed to the display device 196 may include the second content 194. The media interface device 102 may switch from streaming the first media content to streaming the second media content responsive to the media selection request 192.
Thus,
Referring to
The buffer 180 of the media interface device 102 includes multiple buffers 210-216. The multiple buffers may include a first buffer 210, a second buffer 212, a third buffer 214, and a fourth buffer 216. Each buffer of the multiple buffers 210-216 may be configured to receive content, such as content having the same format (e.g., a common format). For example, the first buffer 210 may be configured to receive first content (e.g., a first IP packet) from the first content pipeline circuitry 106 and the second buffer 212 may be configured to receive second content (e.g., a second IP packet) from the second content pipeline circuitry 108. Each of the multiple buffers 210-216 may include a FIFO buffer. Each of the multiple buffers 210-216 may be configured (e.g., sized) to buffer the same amount or a different amount of data.
Although the buffer 102 of
The selector 220, such as a switch or router, may include multiple inputs. Each input of the selector 220 may be configured to receive content. For example, the selector 220 may be configured to receive buffered content from each of the multiple buffers 210-216. To illustrate, the selector 220 may receive the first content from the first buffer 210 and may receive the second content from the second buffer 212. The selector 220 may select particular content received at an input of the selector 220 to be provided as an output of the selector 220. The selector 220 may output particular buffered content. The selector 220 may provide the first content or the second content as an output to the interface 182. In some implementations, the selector 220 may be included in the buffer 180. In other implementations, the selector 220 may be included in the interface 182.
The control plane 104 may be configured to generate a control signal (e.g., a selection signal) and to send the control signal to the selector 220. The control signal may cause the selector 220 to select particular content received at the selector 220 to be provided to the interface 182 as an output of the selector 220.
During operation, the media interface device 102 may receive first media content from the first content source 118 at the first content pipeline circuitry 106. The first content pipeline circuitry 106 may process the first media content to generate first content. The first content pipeline circuitry 106 may provide the first content to the first buffer 210. After buffering the first content, the first buffer 210 may provide the first content to a first input of the selector 220.
The media interface device 102 may receive second media content from the second content source 120 at the second content pipeline circuitry 108. The second content pipeline circuitry 108 may process the second media content to generate second content. The second content pipeline circuitry 108 may provide the second content to the second buffer 212. After buffering the second content, the second buffer 212 may provide the second content to a second input of the selector 220. In some implementations, the selector 220 may concurrently receive the first content from the first buffer 210 and the second content from the second buffer 212.
In a particular implementation, the selector 220 may be configured provide the first content to the interface 182. The interface 182 may send the first content to the display device 196. When the selector 220 is configured to provide the first content to the interface 182, the media interface device 102 may receive a media selection request 292 from the display device 196. For example, the control plane 104 may receive the media selection request 292 via the interface 182. The media selection request 292 may request (e.g., instruct) the media interface device 102 to provide the second content (corresponding to the second content source 120) to the display device 196. Responsive to the media selection request 292, the control plane 104 may generate a control signal to cause the selector 220 to select an input of the buffer 180 that corresponds to the buffered second content from the second buffer 212. The control plane 104 may send the control signal to the selector 220. Responsive to the control signal, the selector 220 may output the second content from the second content pipeline circuitry 108 to the interface 182.
Thus,
Referring to
The buffer 180 of the media interface device 102 includes multiple buffers 310-316. The multiple buffers may include a first buffer 310, a second buffer 312, a third buffer 314, and a fourth buffer 316. Each buffer of the multiple buffers 310-316 may be configured to receive content, such as content having the same format (e.g., a common format). For example, the first buffer 310 may be configured to receive first content (e.g., a first IP packet) from the first content pipeline circuitry 106, and the second buffer 312 may be configured to receive second content (e.g., a second IP packet) from the second content pipeline circuitry 108. The third buffer 314 may be configured to receive third content from the first modem 130 (e.g., a third IP packet), and the fourth buffer 316 may be configured to receive fourth content from the third content pipeline circuitry 110.
Although the buffer 102 of
Each of the interfaces 362, 382 may include one or more selectors, such as the selector 220 of
The control plane 104 may be coupled to the first interface 362 and to the second interface 382. The control plane 104 may be configured to generate control signals (e.g., selection signals) to be provided to the first interface 362 to cause the first selector 364 to select one of a first input coupled to the first buffer 310, a second input coupled to the second buffer 312, a third input coupled to the third buffer 314, or a fourth input coupled to the fourth buffer 316. The control plane 104 may also be configured to generate control signals (e.g., selection signals) to be provided to the second interface 382. The control signals provided to the second interface 382 may cause the second selector 384 or the third selector 386 to select a particular selector input.
The first display device 370 may be coupled to the media interface device 102 via a first communication path 397, such as a wired communication path, a wireless communication path, or a combination thereof. The first display device 370 may execute one or more applications, such as a first application 374 and a second application 376. In some implementations, the first application 374 may correspond to the first content source 118 and the second application 376 may correspond to the second content source 120. In some implementations, the first application 374 and the second application 376 may be the same application.
The second display device 372 may be coupled to the media interface device 102 via a second communication path 391 and a third communication path 395. Each of the second communication path 391 and the third communication path 395 may include a wired communication path, a wireless communication path, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the second communication path 391 and the third communication path 395 may be the same communication path. The second display device 372 may execute one or more applications, such as a third application 378. In some implementations, the third application 378 may correspond to the third content source 122. Although the media interface device 102 is described as being coupled to two display devices, in other implementations, the media interface device 102 may be coupled to a single display device or more than two display devices.
During operation, the first selector 364 may be configured to provide first content from the first buffer 310 to the first display device 370. For example, the first content may be provided to the first application 374. The second selector 384 may be configured to provide third content from the third buffer 314 to the second display device 372 as the third content 392. The third selector 386 may be configured to provide fourth content from the fourth buffer 316 to the second display device 372 as the fourth content 396.
The media interface device 102 may receive a media selection request 398 from the first display device 370 (e.g., from the second application 376). For example, the control plane 104 may receive the media selection request 398 via the first interface 362. The media selection request 398 may request (e.g., instruct) the media interface device 102 to provide the second content (corresponding to the second content source 120) to the first display device 370. Responsive to the media selection request 398, the control plane 104 may generate a control signal to cause the first selector 364 to select a particular input corresponding to the buffered second content from the second buffer 212. The control plane 104 may send the control signal to the first selector 364. Responsive to the control signal, the first selector 364 may select the particular input to be output to the first display device 370 via the first interface 362.
In some implementations, the media interface device 102 may receive a second media selection request (not shown) from the second display device 372 (e.g., from the third application 378). For example, the control plane 104 may receive the second media selection request via the second interface 382. The second media selection request may request (e.g., instruct) the media interface device 102 to provide the second content (corresponding to the second content source 120) to the second display device 372 instead of the fourth content 396. Responsive to the second media selection request, the control plane 104 may identify that the third selector is configured to output the fourth content 396 to the second display device 372. The control plane 104 may generate a second control signal to cause the third selector 386 to select a particular selector input corresponding to the buffered second content from the second buffer 212. The control plane 104 may send the control signal to the first selector 364. Responsive to the second control signal, the third selector 386 may output the second content to the second display device 372 via the second interface 382.
Thus,
The control plane 404 may include or correspond to the control plane 104. The control plane 104 may be configured to send control signals to the content pipeline circuitry 406, 408, 410, 412. In the illustrated example, the control plane 404 communicates with 8-level vestigial sideband modulation (8VSB) pipeline circuitry 406, satellite digital video broadcasting (DVB) pipeline circuitry 408, internet protocol television (IPTV) pipeline circuitry 410, and cable television (CATV) pipeline circuitry 412, as illustrative, non-limiting examples. In some examples, the control plane 404 may be in communication with more content pipeline circuits or fewer content pipeline circuits. For example, the control plane 404 may be in communication with multiple content pipeline circuits of the same type (e.g., two different satellite DVB pipeline circuits 408 corresponding to two different satellite television providers, content sources, or satellite transmission technologies).
The media interface device 402 may further include additional content pipeline circuitry 414, 416 not controlled by the control plane 404. In the illustrated example, the media interface device 402 includes first direct internet access pipeline circuitry 414 and second direct internet access pipeline circuitry 416. In alternative implementations, the media interface device 402 may include more or fewer direct internet access pipeline circuits. One or more of the direct internet access pipeline circuits may include or correspond to the first content pipeline circuitry 106, the second content pipeline circuitry 108, or the third content pipeline circuitry 110 of
The media interface device 102 may further include a buffer 480 and an interface 482. The buffer 480 may include or correspond to the buffer 180 of
Each of the content pipeline circuits 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416 of the media interface device 402 may be configured to receive media content from a corresponding media source. As an illustrative, non-limiting example, the 8VSB pipeline circuitry 406 includes a receiver 438 configured to receive media content (e.g., broadcast television) via an antenna 418. The antenna 418 may receive the media content over-the-air from a terrestrial broadcaster (e.g., a television station). The 8VSB pipeline circuitry 406 further includes a demodulator 440 configured to demodulate the media content received at the receiver 438. The 8VSB pipeline circuitry 406 further includes a tuner 442 configured to tune to particular media content received by the receiver 438. For example, the receiver 438 may receive a plurality of channels and the tuner 442 may be configured to select a particular channel (e.g., a particular frequency or frequency range) of the plurality of channels. The tuner 442 may be responsive to control signals from the control plane 404.
The 8VSB pipeline circuitry 406 further includes a decoder 444. The decoder 444 may be configured to decode the particular media content (e.g., programs of the selected channel). In some implementations, decoders within the media interface device 402, such as the decoder 444, are configured to decrypt media content that is received in an encrypted format. For example, decoders within the media interface device 402 may store and manage decryption key(s) provided by content providers.
The 8VSB pipeline circuitry 406 further includes a packetizer 446. The packetizer 446 is configured to packetize the decoded particular media content. For example, the packetizer 446 may insert audio and/or video data from received media content into one or more internet protocol (IP) packets. The packetizer 446 may send the packetized audio and/or video data to the buffer 180. To illustrate, the media interface device 402 and the display device 499 may be coupled via an IP network (e.g., the display device 499 may have an Ethernet port that is connected to an Ethernet port of the media interface device 402 or the display device 499 may have an IEEE 802.11 wireless network adapter configured to communicate wirelessly with the media interface device 402), and the packetizer 446 may encapsulate media (e.g., audio, video, and or text) content in IP packets for communication between the media interface device 102 and the display device 499. The display device 499 may receive the IP packets and may output the media content based on data included in the IP packets. For example, video content may be output at a display screen and audio content may be output at one or more speakers.
The satellite DVB pipeline circuitry 408 may include a receiver 448 configured to receive media content (e.g., satellite content) from a satellite antenna 420. The satellite antenna 420 may receive the media content over-the-air from a satellite broadcaster. The satellite DVB pipeline circuitry 408 may further include a demodulator 450 configured to demodulate the media content received at the receiver 448, a tuner 452 responsive to the control plane 404 and configured to tune to (e.g., select) particular media content received by the receiver 448, a decoder 454 configured to decode the particular media content (e.g., a selected channel), and a packetizer 456 configured to packetize decoded media content (e.g., into IP packets).
The IPTV pipeline circuitry 410 may include a receiver 458 configured to receive media content (e.g., IPTV content) from a modem 430. The modem 430 may receive the media content via an incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) very-high bit-rate digital subscriber line (VDSL) connection 422 to an IPTV provider. In other implementations, a different type of connection may be used to communicate with the IPTV provider. The modem 430 may also communicate directly with other devices (e.g., the display device 499) via the interface 482. To illustrate, an output of the modem 430 may bypass the IPTV pipeline circuitry 410 and may be provided to the interface 482 via the buffer 180. In some implementations, the output of the modem 430 may be provided to the interface 482 and may bypass both the IPTV pipeline circuitry 410 and the buffer 480.
The IPTV pipeline circuitry 410 may further include a demodulator 460 configured to demodulate the media content received at the receiver 458 and an IPTV content selector 462 configured to generate requests for content to be transmitted via the modem 430 to the IPTV provider. It should be noted that the IPTV content selector 462 may operate differently from cable or satellite tuners. For example, instead of tuning to a particular channel or frequency range, the IPTV content selector 462 may request that particular media content (e.g., a particular channel or program) be provided by the IPTV provider to the receiver 458. In an illustrative example, the IPTV content selector 462 generates internet group management protocol (IGMP) requests, such as join requests or leave requests for unicast or multicast communication, as illustrative non-limiting examples.
The IPTV pipeline circuitry 410 further includes a decoder 464 configured to decode media content (e.g., programs of a selected channel) and a packetizer 466 configured to packetize decoded media content. For example, because an IGMP join request for a multicast group is transmitted by the media interface device 402, the IPTV packets received via the multicast group may identify the media interface device 402 as the destination of the IPTV packets. To provide received IPTV content to the display device 499 (and optionally to additional display devices), the decoder 464 may extract audio/video data from the received IPTV packets and the packetizer 466 may packetize the extracted audio/video content into IP packets that are sent to an IP address of the display device 499. Alternatively, the decoder 464 may be bypassed and the packetizer 466 may forward the received IPTV packets to the display device 499, such as by modifying a destination address field of the received IPTV packets.
The CATV pipeline circuitry 412 may include a receiver 468 configured to receive media content (e.g., cable content) from a digital cable multicast connection 424. The digital cable multicast connection 424 may receive the media content from a cable television provider. The CATV pipeline circuitry 412 further includes a demodulator 470 configured to demodulate the media content received at the receiver 468, a tuner 472 responsive to the control plane 404 and configured to tune to particular media content received by the receiver 468, a decoder 474 configured to decode media content (e.g., programs of a selected channel), and a packetizer 476 configured to packetize decoded media content. In the illustrated example, the digital cable multicast connection is further coupled to a modem 432. The modem 432 may transmit content and messages directly to and from the interface 482 (e.g., to support communication between the display device 499 and a cable network). To illustrate, an output of the modem 432 may bypass the IPTV pipeline circuitry 410 and may be provided to the interface 482 via the buffer 180. In some implementations, the output of the modem 430 may be provided to the interface 482 and may bypass both the IPTV pipeline circuitry 410 and the buffer 480.
The 8VSB pipeline circuitry 406, the satellite DVB pipeline circuitry 408, the IPTV pipeline circuitry 410, and the CATV pipeline circuitry 412 may enable receiving and converting media content into a common format (e.g., IP packets) supported by the display device 499. The media interface device 102 may also support bypassing certain format conversion operations in certain scenarios. For example, the media interface device 402 includes direct internet access pipeline circuits 414, 416 that process media content received from certain types of content sources without performing demodulation or decoding. To illustrate, the first direct internet access pipeline circuitry 414 may include a packetizer 478. The packetizer 478 may receive packets (e.g., IP packets) from a modem 434 in communication with an internet service provider (ISP) 426. The packetizer 478 may extract the contents of packets (e.g., packets addressed to a public IP address of the media interface device 402) received from the modem 434 and insert the contents into new packets (e.g., packets addressed to a private IP address of a device in communication with the interface 482). The new packets may be sent to other devices (e.g., the display device 499). To illustrate, new packets may be sent to the display device 499 via the buffer 480 and the interface 482. In some implementations, the new packets may bypass the buffer 480 and may be sent to the display device 499 via the interface 482.
Similarly, the packetizer 478 may receive packets (e.g., packets addressed to a private IP address of the media interface device 402) from the interface 482. The packetizer 478 may extract the contents of packets (e.g., packets addressed to a private IP address of the media interface device 402) received from the interface 482 and insert the contents into new packets (e.g., packets addressed to a public IP address of a device in communication with the ISP 426). The new packets may be sent to the modem 434 to be sent to the ISP 426. In an alternative implementation, the packetizer 478 may change packet headers to redirect packets instead of generating new packets. For example, the packetizer 478 may change a destination address field of a packet to the IP address of the display device 499, thereby causing the interface 482 to forward the packet to the display device 499.
The second direct internet access pipeline circuitry 416 may include a packetizer 479. The packetizer 479 may receive packets (e.g., IP packets) from the modem 436. The modem 436 may be in communication with a cellular service provider 428 that supports communication of IP packets. For example, the cellular service provider 428 may be associated with a third generation (3G) network, a fourth generation (4G) network, a long term evolution (LTE) network, a LTE advanced (LTE-A) network, or another type of network that supports communication of IP packets, as illustrative, non-limiting examples. The packetizer 479 may extract the contents of packets (e.g., packets addressed to a public IP address of the media interface device 402) received from the modem 436 and insert the contents into new packets (e.g., packets addressed to a private IP address of a device in communication with the interface 482). The new packets may be sent to the interface 482 to be sent to other devices (e.g., the display device 499). To illustrate, new packets may be sent to the display device 499 via the buffer 480 and the interface 482. In some implementations, the new packets may bypass the buffer 480 and may be sent to the display device 499 via the interface 482. The packetizer 479 may also process upstream communication packets sent by the display device 499 to the media interface device 402 and may forward content included in such packets to the cellular service provider 428 via the modem 436.
The media interface device 402 further includes a storage device 403. The storage device 403 may be a hard drive, a solid state drive, another kind of storage device, or a combination thereof. The storage device 403 may be configured to store media content items received by the content pipeline circuitry 406, 408, 410, 412. For example, the storage device 403 may provide storage and retrieval of media content items to enable digital video recorder (DVR) functionality at a single device (e.g., the media interface device 402) for media content received from multiple types of content sources (e.g., 8VSB, satellite, cable, IPTV, etc.). In some implementations, a DVR storage device may be external to the media interface device 402 (e.g., offsite storage or included in a separate device that is accessible to the media interface device 402).
In operation, each of the content pipeline circuits 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416 may provide content received from a corresponding content provider to the display device 499 that is in communication with the interface 482. For example, each of the content pipeline circuits 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, 416 may provide content received from a corresponding content provider to an application executing at the display device 499. Further, operation of the content pipeline circuits 406, 408, 410, 412 may be controlled by the control plane 404 based on messages received from the display device 499. In the illustrated example, a processor of the display device 499 executes one or more applications, such as an application 497, an application 498, or both. In an alternative implementation, the media interface device 402 may communicate with multiple applications executing at different display devices.
The application 498 may send messages to and receive messages from the interface 482 of the media interface device 402. The application 498 may be responsive to a remote control signal 493 received from a remote control device 491. For example, the remote control signal 493 may be a media selection signal. Based on the remote control signal 493 (e.g., a media selection command), the application 498 may generate a media selection request, such as the media selection request 192 of
The media selection request may be included in a first communication 486 (e.g., a first IP packet), which may be transmitted to the media interface device 402 from the display device 499. The interface may receive the first communication 486 and provide the first communication to the control plane 404. The control plane 404 may extract the media selection request from the first communication 486. The control plane 404 may determine a type of pipeline circuitry identified by the media selection request, what particular media content item is requested, and what type of action is requested. If a pipeline circuitry type is not identified by the media selection request, the control plane 404 may determine the pipeline circuitry type based on the media content item that is requested (e.g., if the media content item is an over-the-air channel, the control plane 404 may determine that the 8VSB pipeline circuitry 406 is to be used or based on the application). Information regarding the content pipeline circuitry type, the requested media content item, etc. may be included in one or more fields of the media selection request. In the illustrated example, the media selection command 492 identifies the 8VSB module type and a particular media content item 484 and requests that the particular media content item 484 be sent to the application 498. In other examples, the media selection command 492 may request that the particular media content item 484 be stored at the storage device 403 (e.g., a network DVR storage device) in addition to or in the alternative to being sent to the application 498.
The control plane 404 may determine whether content corresponding to the content pipeline circuitry type identified by the media selection request is available to be provided by the media interface device 402. When the content is unavailable (e.g., the media interface device 402 is unable to provide the content), the control plane 404 may send a message to the application 498 via the interface 482 indicating that service is unavailable. For example, content (e.g., the service) may be unavailable if the media interface does not include content pipeline circuitry that includes the content pipeline circuitry type indicated by the media selection request. If the content is available, the control plane 404 may determine whether the content pipeline circuitry having the content pipeline circuitry type is activated. If the content pipeline circuitry is not activated, the control plane 404 may send an activation signal (e.g., a power on signal) to the content pipeline circuitry.
If the content pipeline is activated, the control plane 404 may determine whether the content is being buffered by the buffer 180. If the content is being buffered, the control plane 404 may determine whether the media interface device 402 is configured to provide the buffered content to the display device 499. If the media interface device 402 is not configured to provide the content, the control plane 404 may send one or more control signals to enable the content to be provided from the buffer 480 to the display device 499 via the interface 482. To illustrate, the media interface device 402 (e.g., the buffer 480) may include a selector, such as the selector 220 of
Thus,
Referring to
The method 500 includes sending first content from a buffer of a media interface device to a display device, at 502. For example, the buffer may include or correspond to the buffer 180 of
In some implementation, a first control signal may be generated and sent to cause a selector to provide first content from the buffer of the media interface device to the display device. For example, the media interface device may include a control plane, such as the control plane 104 of
The method 500 further includes loading second content into the buffer of the media interface device concurrently with sending the first content from the buffer to the display device, at 504. In some implementations, the first content and the second content may be concurrently stored at the buffer prior to sending the first content to the display device.
The method 500 further includes receiving, at the media interface device, a media selection request from the display device, the media selection request identifying the second content, at 506. The media selection request may include or correspond to the media selection request 192 of
The method 500 also includes sending the second content from the buffer to the display device responsive to the media selection request, at 508. In some implementations, a second control signal may be generated and sent to cause the selector to provide the second content from the buffer to the display device. For example, the control plane may be configured to generate the second control signal responsive to the media selection request.
In some implementations, prior to sending first content from a buffer of a media interface device to a display device, the media interface device may receive a first media request from the display device for first media content from the first media source. The first media content may include 8-level vestigial side band content, satellite digital video broadcasting content, internet protocol television content, cable television content, or direct internet access content, as illustrative, non-limiting examples. In response to the first media request, the media interface device (e.g., the control plane) may activate (e.g., power on) a first receiver to enable reception of the first media content. The first media content may include the first content having a first format, such as a cable television format, as an illustrative, non-limiting example. Additionally or alternatively, prior to receiving the media selection request for the second content, the media interface device may receive a second media request from the display device for second media content from the second media source. In response to the second media request, the media interface device (e.g., the control plane) may activate (e.g., power on) a second receiver to enable reception of the second media content. The second media content may include the second content having a second format, such as a satellite digital video broadcasting format, as an illustrative, non-limiting example. The first format and the second format may be the same format or may be different formats.
The media interface device may receive the first content from the first media source and may receive the second content from a second media source. The media interface device may convert the first content from the first format to a third format, such as an IP protocol format, as an illustrative, non-limiting example. The first content having the third format may be provided to the buffer. For example, a packetizer, such as the first packetizer 146, the second packetizer 156, the third packetizer 178 of
In some implementations, the media interface device may be coupled to a second display device. The media interface device (e.g., the control plane) may be configured to generate and send a third control signal to cause a second selector to provide the first content from the buffer to the second display device. The media interface device may receive a second media selection request from the second display device that includes a request for third content. The control plane may identify the third content requested based on the second media selection request. In some implementations, the first content, the second content, and the third content may be concurrently buffered at the media interface device. In response to the second media selection request, the media interface device (e.g., the control plane) may generate and send a fourth control signal to cause the second selector to provide the third content from the buffer to the second display device.
Thus, the method 500 illustrates a media interface device that enables the display device to access media content received from various types of content sources. The media interface device may be configured to buffer content received from multiple content sources to enable the media interface device to switch from first content received from the first content source to second content received from the second content source with no detectable wait (or less wait time) from the perspective of a user of the display device.
Referring to
In a networked deployment, the computer system 600 may operate in the capacity of a server or as a client user computer in a server-client user network environment, or as a peer computer system in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The computer system 600 may also be implemented as or incorporated into various devices, such as a monitor, a television, a mobile device, a palmtop computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a communications device, a wireless telephone, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a personal digital assistant (PDA), an endpoint device, a web appliance, or any other machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. In a particular implementation, the computer system 600 may be implemented using electronic devices that provide video, audio, or data communication. Further, while a single computer system 600 is illustrated, the term “system” shall also be taken to include any collection of systems or sub-systems that individually or jointly execute a set, or multiple sets, of instructions to perform one or more computer functions.
As illustrated in
In a particular implementation, as depicted in
In an alternative implementation, dedicated hardware implementations, such as application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic arrays and other hardware devices, may be constructed to implement one or more of the methods described herein. Various implementations may include a variety of electronic and computer systems. One or more implementations described herein may implement functions using two or more specific interconnected hardware modules or devices with related control and data signals that can be communicated between and through the modules, or as portions of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Accordingly, the present system encompasses software, firmware, and hardware implementations.
In accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, the methods described herein may be implemented by software programs executable by a computer system, a processor, or a device, which may include forms of instructions embodied as a state machine implemented with logic components in an ASIC or a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device. Further, in an illustrative, non-limiting example, implementations may include distributed processing, component/object distributed processing, and parallel processing. Alternatively, virtual computer system processing may be constructed to implement one or more of the methods or functionality as described herein. It is further noted that a computing device, such as a processor, a controller, a state machine or other suitable device for executing instructions to perform operations may perform such operations directly or indirectly by way of one or more intermediate devices directed by the computing device.
The present disclosure includes computer-readable storage 622 that stores instructions 624, so that a device connected to a network 628 may communicate voice, video or data over the network 628. While the computer-readable storage 622 is shown to be a single device, the computer-readable storage 622 may include a single device or multiple devices, such as a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers that store one or more sets of instructions. The computer-readable storage 622 is capable of storing a set of instructions for execution by a processor to cause a computer system to perform any one or more of the methods or operations disclosed herein. For example, the computer-readable storage 622 may store instructions for execution by a processor to cause a computer system to perform the method 500 described with reference to
As another example, the computer-readable storage (e.g., a computer-readable storage device) may stores instructions executable by the processor 602 to perform operations including sending a first control signal to cause a selector to provide first content from the buffer(s) 631 to a display device, such as the video display unit 610 or a display device coupled to the system 600 via the network 626. The operations also include identifying a media selection request included in a message received from the display device. The media selection request identifies second content. The second content and the first content are concurrently buffered (e.g., stored) at the buffer(s) 631. For example, the first content may be acquired from the first content source and the second content may be acquired from the second content source. Each of the acquired first content and the acquired second content may be processed into the same format (e.g., a common format), such as an IP packet format that is supported by the display device, and provided to the buffer(s) 631. The operations further include sending a second control signal to cause the selector to provide the second content from the buffer(s) 631 to the display device.
In a particular illustrative, non-limiting example, the computer-readable storage 622 may include a solid-state memory such as embedded memory (or a memory card or other package that houses one or more non-volatile read-only memories). Further, the computer-readable storage 622 may be a random access memory or other volatile re-writable memory. Additionally, the computer-readable storage 622 may include a magneto-optical or optical device, such as a disk or tapes or other storage device. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include any one or more of a computer-readable storage device and other equivalents and successor devices, in which data or instructions may be stored.
Although the one or more components and functions may be described herein as being implemented with reference to particular standards or protocols, the disclosure is not limited to such standards and protocols. Such standards are from time-to-time superseded by faster or more efficient equivalents having essentially the same functions. Wireless standards for device detection, short-range communications, and long-range communications can be used by the computer system 600 in various implementations.
The illustrations of the aspects described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various aspects. The illustrations are not intended to serve as a complete description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein. Many other implementations may be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the disclosure. Other implementations may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Figures are also merely representational and may not be drawn to scale. Accordingly, the disclosure and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.
Although specific aspects have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any subsequent arrangement designed to achieve the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the specific implementations shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent adaptations or variations of various aspects and various implementations.
Less than all of the steps or functions described with respect to the exemplary processes or methods can also be performed in one or more of the exemplary implementations. Further, the use of numerical terms to describe a device, component, step or function, such as first, second, third, and so forth, is not intended to describe an order unless expressly stated. The use of the terms first, second, third and so forth, is generally to distinguish between devices, components, steps or functions unless expressly stated otherwise. Additionally, one or more devices or components described with respect to the exemplary implementations can facilitate one or more functions, where the facilitating (e.g., facilitating access or facilitating establishing a connection) can include less than every step needed to perform the function or can include all of the steps needed to perform the function.
In one or more implementations, a processor (which can include a controller or circuit) has been described that performs various functions. It should be understood that the processor can be implemented as multiple processors, which can include distributed processors or parallel processors in a single machine or multiple machines. The processor can be used in supporting a virtual processing environment. The virtual processing environment may support one or more virtual machines representing computers, servers, or other computing devices. In such virtual machines (e.g., virtual servers), components such as microprocessors and storage devices may be virtualized or logically represented. The processor can include a state machine, an application specific integrated circuit, and/or a programmable gate array (PGA) including a FPGA. In one or more implementation, when a processor executes instructions to perform “operations”, this can include the processor performing the operations directly and/or facilitating, directing, or cooperating with another device or component to perform the operations.
The Abstract is provided with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together or described in a single implementation for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claims require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter may be directed to less than all of the features of any of the disclosed implementations. Thus, the following claims are incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as defining separately claimed subject matter.
The above-disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other aspects, which fall within the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope of the present disclosure is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.
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