Patent Grant
8826442
This invention relates generally to media playback decoder tracing, for use in tracing the presence of a proprietary media playback decoder, such as in the form of a software component embedded in a device.
There are many circumstances in which it may be required for a software provider to determine whether or not a device, e.g. a mobile telephone, includes a proprietary software component. For this purpose, various methods of software tracing have been developed and implemented. In general, software tracing involves subjecting a device thought to contain traced software to a specified operation, hereinafter referred to as a trace trigger, such that a trace message (i.e. any unambiguous characterization of the presence of the traced software) will only be correctly issued if the traced software is present.
As a specific example, consider the case where the traced software component is a video decoder. For software tracing purposes, the traced software component may include a mechanism, whereby when a specific video stream is input for playback, a trace message is correctly displayed on a device only if the video decoder therein comprises the traced software. Otherwise, a different result, irrespective of what that is, will indicate that the video decoder does not comprise the traced software.
In another example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0233547 describes a mechanism whereby when a software program is legally downloaded (under license) from a server and installed on a user's machine, the authorized user's machine is allocated a unique identification number and this identification number is embedded one or more times within the copy of the software program downloaded thereto. A Client Program is provided which, whenever the software program is to be executed, compares the identification number of the machine on which it is being run with the identification number embedded in the software program and will only permit execution of the software program if the two numbers match. Thus, if a further copy of the software program is illegally provided to another user's machine, it will not run thereon because the identification number embedded in the software program will not match the identification number assigned to the user's machine. Furthermore, the original user can be traced through the identification number embedded in the software program.
More generally, it is known to incorporate a trace message generator in the software component, wherein a trigger string is inserted into a compressed media content file and, when the media content file is played back by the software component, if the software component is not the traced software component, the trigger will be disregarded and the media content will be played back, whereas if the software component is the traced software component, the media decoder will recognize the trigger and cause a message generator to generate a specified trace message. However, the trace message file may be quite large, as will be the overhead due to the additional message generator, thereby increasing the overall overhead of the software component, which is not desirable.
Mechanisms of the above type are often referred to within the software industry as a “back door” and various back door mechanisms are known and commonly used to prevent unauthorized use of proprietary software.
Most media data formats are comprised of (at least) a user data field and a content field, wherein it is possible for data to be “hidden” in the user data field because conformant decoders/parsers are mandated to ignore data in this field. Thus, the user data field might, under some circumstances, be considered to be an appropriate part of a media data file in which to include a trace trigger. However, some specific difficulties are envisaged in implementing software tracing in this manner in media processing components such as video and audio decoders. One of the main difficulties is that such components do not have “direct” access to the device screen so as to enable a textual trace message to be displayed. Media processing components can only output the media format they are designed to produce, for example, a video decoder can only produce images (YUV frames), a music player can only output sound (PCM frames), etc. Thus, although a “trigger” could be provided in the user data field, it is not a simple matter to implement a sufficiently selective and specific trace message output.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method of identifying a traced media playback decoder, wherein an unambiguous trace message is consistently output in the correct format only if the decoder comprises the traced decoder, with a relatively low probability of accidental triggering, and without affecting the normal behavior or size of the decoder.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a decoder for decoding received media content, for playback in a predetermined media format, said media content having a data format comprising a user data field and a content field, wherein data representative of a trace message is included in said content field of the media content, said decoder further comprising means for rendering in said predetermined media format said trace message represented by said data included in said received media content. Also in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for identifying a traced media playback decoder, the decoder being arranged for decoding received media content for playback in a predetermined media format, the method comprising including in said traced decoder means for rendering in said predetermined media format a trace message from representative data included in received media content, inputting a media content file into a media playback decoder, said media content having a data format comprising a user data field and a content field and including in said data field data representative of a trace message, wherein said media playback decoder is identified as a traced media playback decoder only if said trace message is correctly rendered in said predetermined media format during playback of said media content file.
The present invention extends to a media content file for use in a method as defined above, said media content file having a data format comprising a user data field and a content field, wherein data representative of a trace message is included in said content field.
Thus, the above-mentioned object of the invention is achieved by including data representative of a trace message (which unambiguously characterizes the traced media playback decoder) in the content field of an input media content file so that, when the media content file is played back in the appropriate media format, the trace message will be output in the same media format if the playback decoder is, in fact, the traced media playback decoder.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the data representative of said trace message comprises a representation in said predetermined media format of the trace message, preferably partially or fully encrypted by a predetermined encryption mechanism, wherein in which case the decoder comprises means for decrypting and rendering in said predetermined media format said encrypted trace message included in said received media content. Said trace message may be encrypted using a product key unique to said traced decoder.
In another exemplary embodiment, the data representative of said trace message comprises a font file included in the content field of said media content, wherein said traced decoder includes a character generator for generating said trace message using said font file.
Beneficially, a trigger signal is included in the user data field of said content file, for causing said traced decoder to render in said predetermined media format said trace message from said representative data included in said received media content. The trigger signal may comprise a trigger string inserted in the user data field of the media content file.
The media content file may be compressed, either before or after encryption of said data representative of said trace message.
The decoder can take the form of a software component comprising software code which is executed by a processing device. It will be appreciated that the decoder can incorporate code to implement other playback functions, in addition to decoding. The software may be tangibly embodied on an electronic memory device, hard disk, optical disk or other machine-readable storage medium. The software may be delivered as a computer program product on a machine-readable carrier or it may be downloaded to a device via a network connection.
These and other aspects of the present invention will be apparent from, and elucidated with reference to, the embodiments described herein.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of examples only and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Thus, as explained above, the present invention is concerned with the provision of an encrypted trace message in the content field of a media content file, which is decrypted and rendered as a highly specific trace message output, in the required media format, during playback of the media content file only if the media playback software component is the respective traced software component.
Many different types of media playback applications are known, and the present invention is not necessarily intended to be limited in this regard. Obviously, the media format of the output trace message is dependent on the media format supported by the media playback software component to be traced.
Consider, for example, a video decoder/player. The typical output should be a YUV signal containing the trace message. It will be appreciated, however, that this signal does not need to be a true “video” signal, in the sense that it may comprise a single still image containing the trace message, wherein the still image is held on the display for some period of time. Alternatively, the trace message may be included in a scrolling display. In the case of an audio player, the typical output should be a PCM array containing the trace message.
Since the trace message is included in the media content, and not in the software component, the disadvantages caused by additional overhead and required use of the resources supporting the software component are avoided.
In the first instance, a trace message is generated in the desired format. Thus, in the case of a video decoder/player, a textual trace message in the form of a bitmap image can be generated by, for example, a character generator, whereas in the case of an audio player, the trace message may comprise a recorded verbal message. In both cases, the content of the trace message is likely to consist of the version number, product and proprietary company, but the present invention is not necessarily intended to be limited in this regard.
The type of encryption used to encrypt the trace message can be relatively primitive, since the single purpose thereof is to cause products that do not contain the traced software to be incapable of processing the media file. For example, XORING the trace message with an arbitrary bit stream (e.g. a symmetric key) which can be quite short, i.e. of a length most efficiently processed by the platform. The key could be uniquely mapped to the product and version number of the traced software component, to avoid false detection of a traced software component in a product.
Referring to
It will also be appreciated that the partially encrypted compressed trace message with trigger is not a valid standard media content file because the compressed content is encrypted. Thus, when the partially encrypted compressed trace message with trigger 20 is input to a standard media decoder 22 of a device 24 that does not include the traced software component, an error will occur and the device may even crash. On the other hand, if the partially encrypted compressed trace message with trigger 20 is input to a device 26 including the traced software component, a trigger detector and descrambler 28 regenerates the compressed trace message 14 using the product key 18 and the trigger string 16 as inputs. The compressed trace message 14 is input to a standard media decoder 22 and the original trace message is output in the supported media format.
In order to prevent a conformant media decoder from crashing in response to receiving encrypted compressed content, selective encryption is preferably used to scramble only parts of the bitstream that do not contain control bits, i.e. those parts which do not change the way in which the decoder processes the data but only the final parts of the decompression. However, the embodiment described with reference to
As in the above exemplary embodiment, in conventional systems, media encryption is usually performed after compression because, if raw media is encrypted (or scrambled) the statistical properties of the raw media (on which the compression technologies rely) would be completely changed and the compression performances may thus be severely degraded. However, in the case of the present invention, only the specific trigger file will suffer from this problem and, because the trigger file is included in the media content file, rather than the software component, the size of this file is immaterial.
Thus, referring to
It will be seen from the above, that the embodiment wherein encryption is performed before compression (
In the above, it is envisaged that the entire frame or array containing the trace message is encrypted. However, it is possible to perform a partial encryption in respect of only the part of the media content (e.g. in the case of video content, only a portion of the screen) containing essential information (e.g. the version number).
One principal consideration in respect of the present invention is that, ideally, there should be a specific media content file designed to test each version of a software component. Thus, if one does not know which version of a software component could be inside a device to be tested, it may be necessary to perform several tests using several different media content files, on a trial-and-error basis, in order to find a possible match.
In order to solve this problem, instead of incorporating the trace message itself in the content field of the incoming media content file, a font file included instead. A font file does not contain the letters or sounds of the trace message themselves, but a collection of instructions that the traced software component can interpret to actually generate the trace message. Thus, a “font” can be defined herein as a collection of patterns (graphical in the case of video and sound in the case of audio) where each pattern corresponds to a text fragment (i.e. a character, word or sentence).
The input media format off the trace trigger file will comprise, as before, a user data field containing the trigger signal which will cause a traced software component to commence the tracing process, but will be ignored by other software components, which will try and process the content file as a normal media content file. As before, the media format may be fully or partially encrypted, which is useful if it is desirable that a product not containing the traced software will not be able to process the incoming media content file at all. The trace trigger media content file contains the trace message minimal font, which forms the basis for generation of the correct trace message according to the version number of the traced software.
Referring to
In the case of video, the font file may consist of YUV rectangular areas, each containing the image of a piece of text (letter, word or sentence fragment). These rectangular areas are ordered in a predefined manner so that the tracing software embedded in the traced software component can easily retrieve them and map each to the corresponding piece of text, which is especially useful for characters (this is the purpose of the font: how to map symbolic character “x” with a way to render in the media the letter “X”). Then, the tracing software will use this font to generate the trace message.
One possible way of implementing this is that this scheme is used only to encode the version number. For example: the input content contains 12 font elements as follows (this is just an example):
i) one font component is an image that displays “this is version”
ii) one font component is an image that displays “of company X video decoder”
iii) the ten remaining font components are for digits from 0 to 9.
The Trace Message is then assembled by using i), then a combination of the elements of iii) corresponding to the version number of the tested software, then using ii).
In case of audio, the font consists of pieces of sentences (but nothing smaller than syllables: this is because the “sound” of letters is not useful to make sentences, a classical text-to-speech problem, each font item contains the PCM samples of such a sentence fragment. These PCM arrays are placed in the media container in a predefined manner so that the Tracing Software embedded in the Traced Software can easily retrieve them and map each to a given character sequence. Then, the Tracing Software will use this font to generate the Trace Message.
Typically one possible scheme is to encode in a single fragment whole pieces of the message that do not change such as “this is version”. On the contrary, the Version Number can be constructed by using encodings of each number “One”, “Two”, “Three”, etc.
The key advantage of this method is that the memory footprint of the Tracing Software can be drastically reduced since it does not contain the media material required for output, but instead it “finds” it inside the input media file that also contains the Trace Trigger.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be capable of designing many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed in parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claims. The word “comprising” and “comprises”, and the like, does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those listed in any claim or the specification as a whole. The singular reference of an element does not exclude the plural reference of such elements and vice-versa. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a device claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06300838 | Jul 2006 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2007/052887 | 7/19/2007 | WO | 00 | 1/21/2009 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008/012739 | 1/31/2008 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6208735 | Cox et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6839339 | Chuah | Jan 2005 | B1 |
| 7369677 | Petrovic et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7426750 | Cooper et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7434056 | Belenko et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 20010051996 | Cooper et al. | Dec 2001 | A1 |
| 20020009151 | Gentric | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020023120 | Gentric | Feb 2002 | A1 |
| 20020049976 | Gentric | Apr 2002 | A1 |
| 20020090109 | Wendt | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020120634 | Min et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020146146 | Miolla et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020150247 | Linnartz et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020157005 | Brunk et al. | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20030105831 | O'Kane | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030131237 | Ameline et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030233547 | Gaston et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040028222 | Sewell et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040037449 | Davis et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20050033965 | Iwamura | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050050332 | Serret-Avila et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050058318 | Rhoads | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050114909 | Mercier | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050135476 | Gentric et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050137983 | Bells | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050276440 | Rhoads | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060062426 | Levy et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060156377 | Gentric | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20060277098 | Chung et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070241176 | Epstein et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20080098017 | Joo et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080281803 | Gentric | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20090113536 | Zhang et al. | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 0853294 | Jul 1998 | EP |
| 1351187 | Oct 2003 | EP |
| 11-239125 | Aug 1999 | JP |
| 11-289255 | Oct 1999 | JP |
| 2000-259139 | Sep 2000 | JP |
| 2001-044952 | Feb 2001 | JP |
| 2003-255970 | Sep 2003 | JP |
| 9963443 | Dec 1999 | WO |
| 0161508 | Aug 2001 | WO |
| WO2007001285 | Jan 2007 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Merriam Webster's Collegiate Disctionary, 1993, all pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090288172 A1 | Nov 2009 | US |
