Patent Grant
8446806
The present application is the U.S. National Phase under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application No. PCT/JP2010/061864, filed on Jul. 14, 2010, which in turn claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-028393 filed on Feb. 12, 2010, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference into this application.
The present invention relates to a media record/play or reproduce device and a media record/play or reproduce method and particularly to handling rules on a method of using a spare area in a format process or a replacement process in a device which performs a record/reproduce operation by using a replacement process data area on a rewritable medium.
As background art references, there are Patent Literatures 1 and 2 and Non Patent Literature 1. The abstract of Patent Literature 1 describes as follows:
A recording medium, and a method and apparatus for recording defect management information on the recording medium are disclosed. The method for recording defect management information of a recording medium includes recording a defect entry on the recording medium, wherein the defect entry includes a first field that can identify a defect entry type, a second field recording position information of a defect area within a user data area, and a third field recording position information of a spare area within an area for replacement, and recording position information corresponding to the second field and/or the third field in accordance with the defect entry type decided by the first field, wherein, in the case of a defect entry type having no corresponding position information, the corresponding field is set to zero (0).
Further, the abstract of Patent Literature 2 describes that the problem to be solved is “to make a write-once medium rewritable and to facilitate effective use of a main data area and increase in record/reproduce performance.” Further, the abstract describes the solution as follows:
In the write-once medium, a selected area, such as a postscript point in the main data area, is used for a replacement destination area. Moreover, sequential recording range information allows determination of whether recording has been made or not on a target address of a writing request and the like. Furthermore, replacement management information for defect replacement and data rewriting is integrated to coexist. This allows defect replacement and data rewriting without allocation of a fixed spare area. Moreover, when the spare area is allocated, if shortage occurs in the capacity usable for the replacement process in the spare area, the selected area such as the postscript point in the main data area is used for the replacement destination area.
Moreover, Non Patent Literature 1 discloses a technique related to a defect management method.
At present, record/reproduce devices are available that record data by irradiating an optical disk-shaped recording medium with a laser beam by using a semiconductor laser, wherein the optical disk-shaped recording medium is typified by a CD-R/RW (CD Recordable/Rewritable), DVD±R/RW (DVD±Recordable/Rewritable Disk), DVD-RAM (DVD-Random Access Memory), and a Blu-ray Disc® (hereinafter, referred to as a BD).
A defective part (defect) is sometimes generated on a rewritable or recordable optical disk medium, for example, by a scratch caused in a part of the medium, fingerprints, contamination, or recording film degradation. If data is recorded in such a defective part, there is a great likelihood that data cannot be read.
As one of the methods for avoiding recording in a defect on the disk surface and prolonging the disk life, the defect management method, called Linear Replacement, is provided for recording data, not in the defective part, but in a spare area (alternative recording area) reserved on the same optical disk. This method, which is applied to a DVD-RAM, is described in pages 29 to 31 in Non Patent Literature 1. This technology is applied also to a BD and if, while data is recorded in the user data area on a cluster basis, data cannot be recorded in a cluster or data is successfully recorded in a cluster but cannot be successfully verified, the cluster is recorded in a spare area provided on the disk. A cluster is the minimum recording block unit in the present invention. Further, the address information on a detected defective cluster, the address information on a cluster recorded in the spare area, and a DFL entry indicating the type of the defect are registered as the defect lists (DFL) in the management area provided on the disk. Several types of DFL entries are defined such as an SPR (Spare) entry, an RAD (Re-Allocated Defect) entry, a CRD (Contiguous Re-allocated Defect) entry, a PBA (Possibly Bad Area) entry, an NRD (Non-Re-allocatable Defect) entry, and an Unusable entry. This is described in Patent Literature 1.
Moreover, in a recordable medium, data is not rewritable into a spare area in which data has been recorded once, and therefore a first block address in the spare area, in which data is to be recorded next, is recorded in the management information area in the medium and replacement process is performed while recording data from the first block address. This is described in Patent Literature 2. On the other hand, in a rewritable medium, the spare area can be re-used even in the case where data has already been recorded in the medium, and therefore “the first block address indicating a block to be used next within the spare area,” which is used in the recordable medium, is not used, but “the type of the DFL entry indicating a next-usable cluster within the spare area” is used for determination. In addition, the DFLs are sorted to manage a cluster to be used next within the spare area. This is described in Patent Literature 2. Moreover, the rewritable medium is able to be physically formatted (hereinafter, referred to as “format process”) again. In the case of performing the format process again on a medium in which the spare area has already been used, there are various cases of handling DFL entries already registered within the spare area in the format process: Quick Reformat in which all DFL entries registered as defective are converted to “DFL entries indicating that the clusters were defective in the past” (for example, SPR with status 2=0100, PBA with status 2=0100, etc.); No Certification in which all used DFL entries are completely formatted; Full Certification in which the cluster status is checked for all clusters in a medium and a DFL entry conversion is performed as needed; and Quick Certification in which the cluster status is checked for only the clusters of defective DFL entries in a medium and a DFL entry conversion is performed as needed.
In the case of changing the method of managing clusters within a spare area which can be used next in a rewritable medium from “the method with the DFL entry type” to “the method with a first block address to be used next within a spare area” which is used in a recordable medium, however, there is no reference of the way of handling the first block address such as a method of updating the first block address to be indicated after the format process or the first block address during recording.
In a rewritable medium managed by the first block to be used next within the spare area indicating the first block address of the block, the initial value of the first block address after the first format process in the medium whose format process is not yet performed ought to indicate the first block address of the spare area. Thereafter, in the case of recording user data while performing a replacement process for the medium, the first block address is updated according to the status of use of the spare area. Discussion will be made here on a case of formatting a medium, in which data has already been recorded, again.
Several types of format processes are defined for BD and there are a plurality of conversion patterns before and after initializing the DFL entries in the format process. Supposing that defective clusters continue from the beginning of the spare area in a consecutive range or in a range with a plurality of such defective clusters, and if the first block address indicates the first block address of the defective block, it means that an NAP does not indicate the address at which data is to be recorded next, which is contrary to the name. This causes problems such as a recording stop caused by retry over after repeating a recording retry process for the defective block and unnecessary conversion processes in a record/reproduce device.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems and to alleviate a recording stop caused by retry over and unnecessary conversion processes in a record/reproduce device, focusing on a method of initializing the first block address in a format process and an updating method during replacement process.
The above object is achieved by the present invention described in the claims by way of example.
According to the present invention, an appropriate recording operation is achieved, thus improving user-friendliness.
Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description with reference to accompanying drawings.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to drawings.
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to drawings.
In
The DMA area is composed of a disc management structure (DMS). The DMS includes a disc definition structure (DDS) 201 and a temporary defect list (DFL) 202. The DDS includes DFL allocation information and the disc management information such as the ISA0 and OSA0 capacity information. The DFLs are used primarily as lists for managing the replacement locations corresponding to defective locations on the disc.
The following describes the DFLs more in detail. The DFLs of the BD-RE SL are composed of the 1st position of DFL indicated by the reference numeral 203 to the 7th position of DFL indicated by the reference numeral 204. Out of those positions, only one position is effective in practice. At the start of recording, the 1st position 203 is used first. After data is overwritten many times in the block and, if data cannot be recorded properly in the block and is verified to be defective, the effective position moves to the 2nd position of DFL. Therefore, once all positions, the 1st to 7th positions of DFL, are used up, any more DFL registration cannot be performed and so data involving recording in the spare area cannot be written. Even if the 1st to 7th positions of DFL are not used up, however, there is a case in which DFL registration cannot be performed and, as a result, data involving recording in the spare area cannot be recorded. The following describes that case. As shown in the figure, one position is composed of four clusters and DFL registration is performed using one to four clusters.
The DFLs are stored between the Defect List Header and the Defect List Terminator. The format of DFL registration is composed of a Status 1 area 205, a Defective Cluster first PSN that indicates the replacement source address 206, a Status 2 area 207, and a Replacement Cluster first PSN that indicates the replacement destination address 208. Both of the Status 1 and Status 2 each represent the type of a DFL entry. In the BD-RE, all spare areas are secured as SPR (Spare) entries (with Status2=000b) in the format process of a first medium to indicate that the spare areas are usable as spare areas. For example, if a replacement process is performed in units of a cluster during recording, the values of the Status 1 and Status 2 areas are each 000b (in binary) to indicate RAD. A reference numeral 206 indicates the first block address of a defective cluster, and a reference numeral 208 indicates the first block address of a replacement destination cluster. The DFL lists each composed of the areas 205 to 208 are sorted: if the DFL lists are each composed of RAD and SPR entries, the DFL lists are arranged in the order of RAD and SPR. In the case where the record/reproduce device performs a replacement process subsequently, the record/reproduce device is able to quickly search for usable clusters registered as effective SPR entries by searching the sorted DFL lists.
Subsequently, the TDMA of the BD-R will be described. The TDMA area is composed of a plurality of temporary disc management structures (TDMS). The TDMS is the unit of an updating (recording) operation. Further, the TDMS includes a temporary defect list (TDFL) 209, sequential recording range information (SRRI) 210, and a temporary disc definition structure (TDDS) 211. The TDFL 209 is primarily used as a list to manage a replacement location for a defective location on the disk. The TDFL 209 is formed of a DFL list composed of the areas 205 to 208 in the same manner as the BD-RE DFL configuration. The SRRI 210 primarily includes management information on a record area equivalent to a track of a CD, which is called a sequential recording range (SRR). Further, the TDDS 211 includes TDFL allocation information and disk managing information such as the capacities of ISA0 and OSA0. The NAPs in ISA0 and OSA0 are P_IAS0 (next available PSN of ISA0) and P_OAS0 (next available PSN of OSA0) and this kind of information is included in the TDDS 211.
The following describes a method of using the spare areas on the BD-RE/R with reference to
First, a method of using the spare areas on the BD-RE will be described using diagrams 301 and 302 of
A reference numeral 301 indicates a diagram illustrating the configuration of a disc formatted so that the spare areas ISA0 and OSA0 are secured. As illustrated in
Subsequently, a method of using spare areas in the BD-R will be described using the diagrams 301 and 303 of
Here, consideration is made on a case where the address management method within the spare area with the NAP employed in the BD-R is applied to the BD-RE, and problems of the method of using the spare data area in the situation will be described with reference to
First, a reference numeral 405 indicates the status of ISA0 immediately after performing a format process on a BD-RE medium on which no data is recorded. The ISA0 area is composed of only Usable Cluster Type 1 entries, which indicates that all clusters are likely to be usable.
Description is made here on a large difference between the BD-RE and the BD-R with respect to a format process. Since the BD-R is a recordable medium, the format process is performed only once for one recording medium. Therefore, the NAP value within the spare area cannot return from the current value. The BD-RE medium is rewritable, however, and therefore the medium can be re-used or re-formatted. In addition, there are a plurality of ways of performing the format process of the BD-RE for each DFL entry conversion method, and various combinations are supposable particularly for the DFL conversion methods. Therefore, four cases are supposed as examples. The status 406 is observed after a replacement process or a format process, with respect to clusters having the DFL entries configured as illustrated at 407. In this case, the area is composed of Replacement Cluster and Unusable Cluster entries. Consideration is made on performing a format process on the medium having a spare area with these DFL entries. The example indicated by 408 shows an instance of converting all clusters to Usable Cluster type 1 entries independently of whether each cluster is in the status of Replacement Cluster or Unusable Cluster. In this case, the cluster within the spare area in which data is to be recorded next is a cluster 412.
An example 409 is a case where all clusters in the spare area are treated as Unusable Cluster entries as a result of Full Certification of the spare area. ISA0 includes no cluster within the spare area in which data is likely to be recorded next in this case, and therefore an ISA0 full flag indicating that the entire ISA0 is already in use is set to make it unusable. Moreover, in the example 409, even if the Unusable Cluster entry is change to the Usable Cluster Type 2 entry, exactly the same description as the above is applicable.
An example 410 is a case where clusters having been Unusable Cluster entries at 406 are converted to Usable Cluster Type 2 entries and other clusters shown as Replacement Cluster entries are converted to Usable Cluster Type 1 entries. In this case, the cluster within the spare area in which data is to be recorded next is a cluster 414 registered first as Usable Cluster Type 1. Although a cluster 413 registered as Usable Cluster Type 2 may be used as a cluster within the spare area in which data is to be recorded next, the cluster has been defective in the past and therefore there is a possibility that data cannot be recorded in the cluster, which needs to be checked after the cluster is used. An example 411 is a case where the clusters having been unusable at 406 remain as they are and other clusters shown as Replacement Cluster entries are converted to Usable Cluster Type 1 entries. In this case, the cluster within the spare area in which data is to be recorded next is a cluster 415.
These four examples are illustrative only, and other combinations of conversions are possible according to the specification of the record/reproduce device. In the case of re-formatting a medium including a spare area having the DFL entry status as illustrated at 406, there are various results of converting existing DFL entries as described above.
Consideration is made here on where NAP should be set in the statuses 408 to 411 in the case of introducing the spare area management method with the NAP of the BD-R into the BD-RE. With the introduction of the NAP indicating a usable cluster within the spare area, it is assumed to stop the use of “SPR entry with Status2=000b indicating a usable cluster,” which has been used in the conventional BD-RE. As has been described in the above, the cluster in which data is to be recorded next varies as indicated by 412 to 415 in the statuses 408 and 411, and therefore an inconvenience occurs in “the specification in which the NAP is returned to indicate the value of the beginning of the spare area,” which is the specification for the format process of the BD-R.
This will be described with reference to
Subsequently, the status of a diagram 502 will be discussed. The status of the diagram 502 is a case where clusters registered as Unusable Cluster entries continue from the cluster including the beginning. Consideration is made on a process of initializing the NAP, in other words, returning the NAP to a position 506 similarly to the BD-R in the format process. In the case of the diagram 502, five clusters registered as Unusable Cluster entries continue in succession. The following discusses on a record/reproduce device which attempts to record data into a cluster registered as an Unusable Cluster entry, for example, on the assumption that up to three times is permitted as the number of retries of recording in the spare area with a recording location changed.
If all clusters registered as Unusable Cluster entries in the lower half of the diagram 502 are clusters in which data cannot be recorded, the number of contiguous defective clusters exceeds the number of recording retries before reaching the beginning 507 of the cluster in which data can be recorded first when viewed from the beginning of the spare area, and therefore retry over occurs and the recording stops. This is caused by returning the NAP to the position 506 in the re-format process. On the other hand, the following discusses a record/reproduce device which does not record data into a cluster registered as an Unusable Cluster entry. Since the NAP is indicated by 506, the record/reproduce device needs to change the NAP from the position 506 to the position 507 inside before recording in order to avoid Unusable Cluster entries, and the record/reproduce device cannot start recording if the NAP remains in the position 506, which is the NAP position indicated first. Therefore, in a status where one or more clusters registered as Unusable Cluster entries continue including the first cluster in the spare area as described above, the NAP is initialized to the position 507. This enables a replacement process to be performed without performing unnecessary recording retires. Moreover, in the case where a part or all of the Unusable Cluster entries are of Usable Cluster Type 2 in the lower half of the diagram 502, quite the same description as the above is applicable and the NAP is set to the position 507. Further, if all clusters within the spare area are treated as Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entries as in the example 409 in
The following discusses the status of the diagram 503. The status of the diagram 503 is a case where clusters registered as Unusable Cluster entries are allocated in a plurality of units. This status can be treated in the same manner as the example of the diagram 502 and the NAP is initialized to the position 508, which corresponds to the first usable cluster. Moreover, also in the case where a part or all of the Unusable Cluster entries are of Usable Cluster Type 2 in the lower half of the diagram 503, quite the same description is applicable and the NAP is set to the position 508.
As described above, when a re-format process is performed for a medium which has already been formatted, attention is focused on the status of the DFL entry registration before the format process and the NAP is decided avoiding the clusters registered as Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entries, thereby enabling a replacement process without performing unnecessary retries.
The following describes how the NAP should be updated in performing a recording process including a replacement process for a medium including Unusable Cluster or Usable cluster Type 2 entries in a spare area with reference to
The diagram 602 illustrates a case where Unusable Cluster entries are included in the spare area. In this case, the NAP may be updated while avoiding Unusable Cluster entries in numerical order (1, 2, 3, 4, - - - ) as illustrated in the diagram from the position 605. In other words, the NAP is updated in such a way as to indicate an only usable block in the spare area. Also in the case where a part or all of the Unusable Cluster entries in the diagram 602 are of Usable Cluster Type 2, quite the same description as the above is applicable.
The diagram 603 illustrates a medium having no defective clusters in the spare area on the DFL management (the same status as the medium in the diagram 601) though defective blocks are actually present as a result of the selection of a formatting method which causes Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entries to be cleared in a situation where the Unusable Cluster entries as illustrated in the diagram 602 or the Usable Cluster Type 2 entries have already been registered before the format process. In this state, a problem occurs in the case described below. It is supposed that there is an upper limit to the number of recording retries in a spare area of the record/reproduce device and the limit is, for example, two. This medium is treated as a medium having no defective cluster and therefore the position to which the NAP is initialized is a position 606 which is the same as in the example of the diagram 601. Therefore, if spare data is recorded in units of a block in a replacement process, the NAP is updated while being incremented by one. Although an area 607 is usable in the DFL entries, actually the area is likely to be an area that has been an Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entry in the past, namely a defective area or an area likely to be defective, and therefore the record/reproduce device is likely to be unable to record data in this area practically. Moreover, in a situation where defective information is erased, a method of updating the NAP in a recording retry process is the same as in the diagram 601 and therefore the NAP has to be incremented to the next block.
Since three defective blocks continue in succession in the area 607, recording cannot be performed if the number of recording retires exceeds a predetermined value and therefore the recording is likely to stop due to an unsuccessful replacement process. Accordingly, in the case of performing the format process of the medium as in the diagram 602, the maximum number of blocks having contiguous Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entries before a format process is stored in advance and the number of recording retires in the spare area is set to a value equal to or greater than the maximum number of blocks, thereby enabling recording into the position indicated by 8 exceeding the area 607 in the recording retry process. Naturally, there is an upper limit to the set value depending on the record/reproduce device and it is necessary to set the value so as not to exceed the limit.
As described above, in the case where a recording process is performed for a medium in which a spare area includes an Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entry, the NAP is updated in such a way as to avoid clusters registered as Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entries by focusing on the DFL entry registration, thereby enabling a replacement process to be performed without unnecessary retries. Moreover, the maximum number of contiguous blocks registered as Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entries before the format process is figured out, and then the number of recording retries in a spare area is changed to a value within a range not exceeding a predetermined limit value in the record/reproduce device and not causing recording retry over, thereby preventing a recording stop caused by recording retry over on a specific disk.
Finally, an example of a flowchart in this embodiment is described with reference to
A diagram 701 illustrates an example of a flowchart of an NAP decision method in the format process of a medium. First, defective block information in the spare area is searched for by using DFL (703). If the defective block information has already been searched for, there is no need to perform the search. In this embodiment, blocks registered as Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entries correspond to defective blocks. As a result of the search, it is determined whether all blocks are defective within the spare area (704). If the answer is YES, the NAP is set to a value invalid as a block address (706). In this embodiment, the value corresponds to FFFFFFFFh. If the answer is NO, the NAP is set to a value of the first block address of the first block which is not a defective block within the spare area (705). According to the above flowchart, the value of the NAP in the format process of the medium can be decided.
A diagram 702 illustrates an example of a flowchart of an NAP decision method in a replacement process during data recording on a medium.
The flowchart is for deciding the NAP to be used next after recording spare data into M contiguous blocks (M is a natural number) in a spare area in a replacement process.
First, defective block information in the spare area is searched for by using DFL. If the defective block information has already been searched for, there is no need to perform the search (707). In this embodiment, blocks registered as Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entries correspond to defective blocks. As a result of the search, it is determined whether all blocks are defective within the spare area (708). If the answer is YES, the NAP is set to a value invalid as a block address (711). In this embodiment, the value corresponds to FFFFFFFFh. If the answer is NO, it is determined whether the block located in the position obtained by adding M blocks to the current NAP position is non-defective (709). If the answer is YES, the next NAP is set to the (NAP+M)th block (710). If the answer is NO, the NAP is set to the first block address of the first block within the spare area, which is not a defective block and is subsequent to the (NAP+M)th block (712).
According to the above flowchart, the value of the next valid NAP in the replacement process of the medium can be updated.
Although this embodiment has been described taking an example of a BD-RE SL disc, naturally the same effect is achieved independently of a difference between a single layer or a multilayer.
Particularly in the multilayer disc, there is a different layer between a single layer and a multilayer or between the inner periphery side and the outer periphery side in the direction of using the spare area. There is, however, no case to be particularly considered and the present invention is applicable to all layers. Moreover, naturally the present invention is not limited to the optical disk described in the above embodiment but is applicable to other recording media as long as having a concept of a replacement process data area and of a management information storage area and the same effect is achieved in the recording media.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described with reference to the diagrams hereinabove. According to the present invention, in the case where a spare area management method using the NAP of a recordable medium is applied to a spare area management method of a rewritable medium, the NAP is updated in a format process or a replacement process of the medium in such a way as to avoid blocks in the spare area registered as Unusable Cluster or Usable Cluster Type 2 entries on the DFL, thereby preventing the NAP from indicating a defective block and thus enabling a replacement process without unnecessary recording retry processes or unnecessary conversion processes on a record/reproduce medium so as to solve the problem.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment but includes various variations. For example, the above embodiment has been described in detail in order to facilitate understanding of the present invention and the present invention is not necessarily limited to the embodiment having all of the components described above. Moreover, a part of the components of one embodiment can be replaced with components of any other embodiment and components of one embodiment can be added to the components of any other embodiment. Further, a part of components of each embodiment can be added to, deleted from, or replaced with other components.
Moreover, even if a part or all of the above components are those of hardware, the components may be achieved by executing a program in a processor. Further, the illustrated control lines and information lines are those assumed to be necessary for description and thus all of the control lines and information lines of a product are not necessarily illustrated. Actually almost all of the components can be thought to be connected to one another.
It should be further understood by those skilled in the art that although the above description has been made on the embodiment, the present invention is not limited thereto, and various changes and modifications may be made within the spirit of the present invention and the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-028393 | Feb 2010 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/061864 | 7/14/2010 | WO | 00 | 3/21/2012 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011/099182 | 8/18/2011 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20120218877 A1 | Aug 2012 | US |
