The present disclosure pertains to medical devices, and methods for manufacturing medical devices. More particularly, the present disclosure pertains to implantable medical devices and methods for manufacturing and using such devices.
Implantable medical devices may incorporate a variety of features and/or components to wirelessly sense and/or transmit signals from remote locations within a patient. For example, certain stents may utilize a magnetic field source to inductively power a sensor coupled to the implanted stent. Other stents may utilize a dielectric polymer to power a sensor coupled to the implanted stent. Using a magnetic field to power various components of medical devices may be beneficial as magnetic fields may not be affected by other phenomena, such as mechanical contact, hydrodynamics, thermodynamics, etc. Additionally, a powered sensor may communicate wirelessly with a receiver (e.g., a receiver located within a handheld device) located at a remote location from the sensor. For example, a magnetically powered sensor may transmit one or more signals which may include information about physiological and/or anatomical characteristics of a patient (within which the stent is implanted), to a receiver located outside of the patient. Examples of powered medical devices and components thereof, such as powered stents and sensors, are disclosed herein.
This disclosure provides design, material, manufacturing method, and use alternatives for medical devices. An example stent includes an expandable tubular scaffold having a proximal end and a distal end, a first wire coupled to the tubular scaffold, wherein the first wire is shaped into a first coil. The example stent also includes a sensor electrically coupled to the first wire, wherein the sensor is inductively powered by a magnetic field passing through the first wire.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the first wire is attached to an outer surface of the tubular scaffold.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the first wire is attached to an inner surface of the tubular scaffold.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the tubular scaffold further includes a plurality of braided filaments extending from the proximal end to the distal end, and wherein the first wire is included within the plurality of braided filaments.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, further comprising a second wire coupled to the tubular scaffold, wherein the second wire is shaped into a second coil, and wherein the first coil, the second coil or both the first coil and the second coil are attached to an outer surface of the tubular scaffold.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the sensor is configured to draw power from the first wire as the magnetic field passes through the first wire.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the sensor includes a battery configured to store the power being drawn from the first wire.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein a signal transmitted by the sensor is configured to be received by a receiver located in a remote location from the sensor.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the sensor is selected from a group consisting of a temperature sensor, a pH sensor, a flow sensor, a pressure sensor, an oxygen sensor, and a heart rate sensor.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the sensor is attached to only the first wire.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the sensor is attached to a portion of the tubular scaffold, and wherein the tubular scaffold is configured to transfer power from the first wire to the sensor.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the first wire includes an insulated covering.
An example medical device system includes a magnetic field generator configured to generate a magnetic field and a stent. Further, the stent includes an expandable tubular scaffold having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen extending therethrough, a first wire coupled to the tubular scaffold, wherein the first wire is shaped into a coil, and a sensor electrically coupled to the first wire, wherein the sensor is inductively powered by the magnetic field passing through the first wire. The medical device further includes a receiver configured to receive signals transmitted by the sensor.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the first wire is attached to an outer surface of the tubular scaffold.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the first wire is coiled around the outer surface of the tubular scaffold along a majority of a length of the expandable tubular scaffold.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the tubular scaffold further includes a plurality of braided filaments extending from the proximal end to the distal end, and wherein the first wire is included within the plurality of braided filaments.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the magnetic field generator includes the receiver.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, wherein the magnetic field generator includes a handheld device
An example expandable medical device includes a tubular scaffold, the scaffold including an inner surface, an outer surface and a lumen extending therein. The medical device also includes a covering attached to the tubular scaffold, wherein the covering includes a dielectric elastomer. Further, the medical device includes a sensor electrically coupled to the dielectric elastomer. Additionally, the tubular scaffold is configured to deform from a first shape to a second shape, wherein deformation of the tubular scaffold from the first shape to the second shape deforms the dielectric elastomer, and wherein deformation of the dielectric elastomer provides power to the sensor.
Alternatively or additionally to any of the embodiments above, further comprising a battery configured to store electrical energy generated by deformation of the dielectric elastomer.
The above summary of some embodiments is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure. The Figures, and Detailed Description, which follow, more particularly exemplify these embodiments.
The disclosure may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the disclosure is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the disclosure to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
For the following defined terms, these definitions shall be applied, unless a different definition is given in the claims or elsewhere in this specification.
All numeric values are herein assumed to be modified by the term “about”, whether or not explicitly indicated. The term “about” generally refers to a range of numbers that one of skill in the art would consider equivalent to the recited value (e.g., having the same function or result). In many instances, the terms “about” may include numbers that are rounded to the nearest significant figure.
The recitation of numerical ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range (e.g. 1 to 5 includes 1, 1.5, 2, 2.75, 3, 3.80, 4, and 5).
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
It is noted that references in the specification to “an embodiment”, “some embodiments”, “other embodiments”, etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include one or more particular features, structures, and/or characteristics. However, such recitations do not necessarily mean that all embodiments include the particular features, structures, and/or characteristics. Additionally, when particular features, structures, and/or characteristics are described in connection with one embodiment, it should be understood that such features, structures, and/or characteristics may also be used connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described unless clearly stated to the contrary.
The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings in which similar elements in different drawings are numbered the same. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict illustrative embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.
In some examples, the coiled wire 12 may be wound around a core. In some examples, the core around which the wire 12 is coiled may include a permanent magnet or a magnetic material. However, in other examples the core around which the wire 12 is coiled may not include a permanent magnet or magnetic material. The wire 12 may be tightly wound around the core, in which adjacent windings of the wire 12 are in contact with one another, or the wire 12 may be wound around the core such that adjacent windings of the wire 12 are spaced apart from one another.
It can be further appreciated that the electromagnetic field 16 generated by the magnetic field generator 10 may be increased (e.g., strengthened) by varying the configurations of the coiled wire 12 and/or the electrical current passing therethrough. For example, the electromagnetic field 16 may be increased by increasing the number of windings of the coiled wire 12. Additionally, the electromagnetic field 16 may be increased by increasing the thickness of the wire 12, while simultaneously increasing the electrical current passing therethrough. Additionally, another way the electromagnetic field 16 may be increased may be to lower the resistance in the wire 12 (by utilizing a more conductive wire, for example).
Additionally,
Additionally,
As described above, in some instances the receiver 24 may be located in a handheld device, a mobile workstation, a computer, etc. Therefore, it can be appreciated that any device which includes the receiver 24 may also include a display 22 which may display signal information sent by the sensor 32 and received by the receiver 24. For example, the display 22 located on a handheld device, a mobile workstation, a computer, etc. may provide a read out of physiological information of the patient 18 sensed by the sensor 32 and sent to the receiver 24. In some instances, the display 22 may be a touch screen display.
Further,
The stent 14 may be delivered to a treatment area via a stent delivery system (not shown). For example, in some instances the stent 14 may be a balloon expandable stent. In some instances, balloon expandable stents may be manufactured from a single, cylindrical tubular member (e.g., a cylindrical tubular member may be laser cut to form a balloon expandable stent).
In other examples, the stent 14 may be a self-expanding stent. A self-expanding stent may be delivered to a treatment area in a radially constrained configuration via a self-expanding stent delivery system, and then released from the stent delivery system to radially expand automatically to a deployed configuration when unconstrained by the stent delivery system. It is contemplated that the examples disclosed herein may be utilized with any one of various stent configurations, including, balloon expandable stents, such as a laser cut stent and/or a braided stent, a self-expanding stent, non-expandable stents, or other stents.
Additionally, the stent filaments 26 disclosed herein may be constructed from a variety of materials. For example, the filaments 26 may be constructed from a metal (e.g., Nitinol). In other instances, the filaments 26 may be constructed from a polymeric material (e.g., PET). In yet other instances, the filaments 26 may be constructed from a combination of metallic and polymeric materials. Further, the filaments 26 may include a bioabsorbable and/or biodegradable material.
As described above,
Further, in some examples (such as that shown in
Additionally, the detailed view of
For example, as described above, the wire 20 may be inductively coupled to the wire 12, such that the electromagnetic field 16 generated by an electric current passing through the coil 12 may create an electrical current within the wire 20, which, in turn, may power the sensor 32. Once the sensor 32 is powered, it may sense one or more physiological parameters of the patient, performance characteristics of the stent, movement of the stent, etc. and transmit a signal representing the one or more parameters and/or stent characteristics to the receiver 24 located in the electromagnetic generator 10. It can be appreciated that powering the sensor 32 via inductive coupling may eliminate the need for the sensor 32 to have a battery, thereby permitting the sensor 32 to be designed with a smaller footprint compared to a sensor which requires a battery to operate. Therefore, in some instances, the implanted stent 14 and associated sensor 32 may be devoid of a battery or other power storage component. However, in other instances, the wire 20 may be electrically coupled to a battery provided with the sensor 32 and/or stent 14 to store electrical energy to power the sensor 32, if desired.
It can be appreciated that the sensor 32 may include a variety of types of sensors designed to sense a variety of physiological parameters. For example, the sensor 32 may include a temperature sensor, pH sensor, a flow sensor, a pressure sensor, an oxygen sensor, a heart rate sensor, proximity sensor, an accelerometer, etc. Further, the sensor 32 may be configured to sense physiological parameters such as body temperature, pH levels, blood pressure, blood flow rate, oxygen saturation levels, heart rate, etc.
It can be appreciated that, in some instances, the sensor 32 and/or the stent 14 may include a battery which may be used to store the energy generated in the wire 20. For example, the sensor 32 and/or the stent 14 may include a battery which is coupled to the wire 20 (e.g., electrically coupled to the wire 20), whereby by the battery may draw and store power from the electrical current passing through the wire 20. Additionally, it can be appreciated that power saved in the battery may be utilized to power the sensor 32 when the wire 20 is not inductively coupled to the wire 12.
The stent 114 may be delivered to a treatment area via a stent delivery system (not shown). For example, in some instances the stent 114 may be a balloon expandable stent. In some instances, balloon expandable stents may be manufactured from a single, cylindrical tubular member (e.g., a cylindrical tubular member may be laser cut to form a balloon expandable stent).
In other examples, the stent 114 may be a self-expanding stent. A self-expanding stent may be delivered to a treatment area in a radially constrained configuration via a self-expanding stent delivery system, and then released from the stent delivery system to radially expand automatically to a deployed configuration when unconstrained by the stent delivery system. It is contemplated that the examples disclosed herein may be utilized with any one of various stent configurations, including, balloon expandable stents, such as a laser cut stent and/or a braided stent, a self-expanding stent, non-expandable stents, or other stents.
Additionally, the stent filaments 126 disclosed herein may be constructed from a variety of materials. For example, the filaments 126 may be constructed from a metal (e.g., Nitinol). In other instances, the filaments 26 may be constructed from a polymeric material (e.g., PET). In yet other instances, the filaments 126 may be constructed from a combination of metallic and polymeric materials. Further, the filaments 126 may include a bioabsorbable and/or biodegradable material.
Additionally,
Further, in some examples (such as that shown in
Additionally, the detailed view of
Additionally,
Further, the each of the smaller coiled wires 220 may be longitudinally aligned with one another from the first end 228 to the second end 230 of the tubular scaffold 225. However, it is contemplated that, in other examples, the plurality of coiled wires 220 may not be longitudinally aligned along the outer surface of the tubular scaffold 225. Rather, it is contemplated that the plurality of coiled wires 220 may be spaced along the outer surface of the tubular scaffold 225 in any type of arrangement. For example, the plurality of coils may be spaced irregularly along the outer surface of the tubular scaffold 225. In some instances, the plurality of coils may be arranged at a plurality of circumferential locations around the circumference of the tubular scaffold 225. For example, the plurality of coiled wires 220 may be uniformly spaced, or non-uniformly spaced around the circumference, if desired. In some instances, each of the plurality of coiled wires 220 may extend along a majority of the length of the tubular scaffold 225 at circumferentially spaced apart locations. It can be appreciated that when the stent 214 is deployed in a body lumen, the placement of the plurality of coiled wires 220 on the outside of the tubular scaffold 225 may contact the body lumen, thereby improving the stent's ability to maintain its position in the lumen (e.g., reduce the likelihood the stent will migrate).
Further, the detailed view of
Additionally, the detailed view of
Accordingly,
While the coiled wire deployment device 340 described above includes the coiled wire 320 positioned along an outer surface of the deployment device 340 in a radially constrained configuration, other configurations are contemplated. For example, in some configurations, the deployment device 340 may include a retractable sheath which may house the coiled wire 320 in a radially constrained configuration as the deployment device is advanced to the stent 314. It can be further appreciated that after the sheath is positioned within the lumen of the stent 314, the sheath may be retracted, thereby permitting the coiled wire 320 to radially expand and couple to the inner surface of the stent 314.
It can further be appreciated that the coiled wire 320 illustrated in
Additionally,
It can be appreciated that, in some examples, the polymeric covering 448 may include a dielectric polymer. It can be appreciated that a deformation incited upon a dielectric polymer may result in a flow of electrons through the dielectric polymer and any wire, electrodes, etc. coupled to the dielectric polymer. It can be further appreciated that the power generated by the dielectric polymer may be used to power a sensor positioned on the stent 414. For example, a sensor, such as a pressure sensor, temperature sensor, flow sensor, pH level sensor, oxygen sensor, etc. may be attached to the stent and electrically connected to the dielectric polymer such that electrical current generated by the cyclic deformation of the dielectric polymer flows to the sensor to power the sensor. Additionally, the power generated by the dielectric polymer may be stored in a battery and utilized as a reserve power source for a sensor positioned on the stent 414. The battery or other power storage element may be electrically connected to the dielectric polymer such that electrical current generated by the cyclic deformation of the dielectric polymer flows to the battery to be stored for later use in powering a sensor attached to the stent 414.
As discussed above, a voltage may be generated by the dielectric polymer upon deformation of the dielectric polymer. Accordingly,
An instance in which the stent 414 may undergo a deformation (such as a cyclic or repeated deformation similar to that illustrated in
It can be further appreciated that the dielectric polymer in the polymeric coating 448 may be thin (e.g., include a substantially low-profile) and flexible to permit the stent 414 to move freely. Additionally, the dielectric polymer may include a variety of sizes, depending on its desired application and power output required. Further, in some examples, the dielectric polymer may cover all (or a substantial portion of) the stent 414 to limit tissue ingrowth. This may permit the stent to be removable from the body. However, in other examples, the dielectric polymer may cover only selected portions of the stent 414, which may permit tissue ingrowth to occur.
The materials that can be used for the various components of the medical device 10 and the various other medical devices disclosed herein may be made from a metal, metal alloy, polymer (some examples of which are disclosed below), a metal-polymer composite, ceramics, combinations thereof, and the like, or other suitable material. Some examples of suitable polymers may include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), polyoxymethylene (POM, for example, DELRIN® available from DuPont), polyether block ester, polyurethane (for example, Polyurethane 85A), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), polyether-ester (for example, ARNITEL® available from DSM Engineering Plastics), ether or ester based copolymers (for example, butylene/poly(alkylene ether) phthalate and/or other polyester elastomers such as HYTREL® available from DuPont), polyamide (for example, DURETHAN® available from Bayer or CRISTAMID® available from Elf Atochem), elastomeric polyamides, block polyamide/ethers, polyether block amide (PEBA, for example available under the trade name PEBAX®), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), silicones, polyethylene (PE), MARLEX® high-density polyethylene, MARLEX® low-density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene (for example REXELL®), polyester, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide (PEI), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyphenylene oxide (PPO), poly paraphenylene terephthalamide (for example, KEVLAR®), polysulfone, nylon, nylon-12 (such as GRILAMID® available from EMS American Grilon), perfluoro(propyl vinyl ether) (PFA), ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyolefin, polystyrene, epoxy, polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC), poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) (for example, SIBS and/or SIBS 50A), polycarbonates, ionomers, biocompatible polymers, other suitable materials, or mixtures, combinations, copolymers thereof, polymer/metal composites, and the like. In some embodiments the sheath can be blended with a liquid crystal polymer (LCP). For example, the mixture can contain up to about 6 percent LCP.
Some examples of suitable metals and metal alloys include stainless steel, such as 304V, 304L, and 316LV stainless steel; mild steel; nickel-titanium alloy such as linear-elastic and/or super-elastic nitinol; other nickel alloys such as nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys (e.g., UNS: N06625 such as INCONEL® 625, UNS: N06022 such as HASTELLOY® C-22®, UNS: N10276 such as HASTELLOY® C276®, other HASTELLOY® alloys, and the like), nickel-copper alloys (e.g., UNS: N04400 such as MONEL® 400, NICKELVAC® 400, NICORROS® 400, and the like), nickel-cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys (e.g., UNS: R30035 such as MP35-N® and the like), nickel-molybdenum alloys (e.g., UNS: N10665 such as HASTELLOY® ALLOY B2®), other nickel-chromium alloys, other nickel-molybdenum alloys, other nickel-cobalt alloys, other nickel-iron alloys, other nickel-copper alloys, other nickel-tungsten or tungsten alloys, and the like; cobalt-chromium alloys; cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloys (e.g., UNS: R30003 such as ELGILOY®, PHYNOX®, and the like); platinum enriched stainless steel; titanium; combinations thereof; and the like; or any other suitable material.
In at least some embodiments, portions or all of the medical device 10 and the various other medical devices disclosed herein may also be doped with, made of, or otherwise include a radiopaque material. Radiopaque materials are understood to be materials capable of producing a relatively bright image on a fluoroscopy screen or another imaging technique during a medical procedure. This relatively bright image aids the user of the medical device 10 and the various other medical devices disclosed herein in determining its location. Some examples of radiopaque materials can include, but are not limited to, gold, platinum, palladium, tantalum, tungsten alloy, polymer material loaded with a radiopaque filler, and the like. Additionally, other radiopaque marker bands and/or coils may also be incorporated into the design of the medical device 10 and the various other medical devices disclosed herein to achieve the same result.
It should be understood that this disclosure is, in many respects, only illustrative. Changes may be made in details, particularly in matters of shape, size, and arrangement of steps without exceeding the scope of the disclosure. This may include, to the extent that it is appropriate, the use of any of the features of one example embodiment being used in other embodiments. The disclosure's scope is, of course, defined in the language in which the appended claims are expressed.
This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/184,375 filed on May 5, 2021, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63184375 | May 2021 | US |