MEDICAL DEVICES FOR USE IN THE CREATION OF A TEMPORARY PNEUMOPERITONEUM

BACKGROUND

A laparoscopic surgical procedure is often preferred to a laparotomy due to shorter recovery times and the reduced adverse impact that it has on the patient's wellbeing. As part of the laparoscopic surgical procedure, a temporary pneumoperitoneum is formed in the patient's abdomen to separate the skin, tissue, and muscle from the organs in the abdominal cavity below. This is achieved by insufflating the patient's abdomen with an inert gas, usually carbon dioxide (CO₂) which is supplied via needle injection.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The present description will be understood more fully when viewed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of various examples of medical devices for use in the creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum. The description is not meant to limit the medical devices to the specific examples. Rather, the specific examples depicted and described are provided for explanation and understanding of medical devices for use in the creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum. Throughout the description the drawings may be referred to as drawings, figures, and/or FIGs.

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a medical device for use in the creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum with an external torus channel, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-section view of the medical device of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the medical device of FIG. 1 with an internal torus channel, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the medical device of FIG. 1 with a medical instrument inserted, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates a bottom view of the septum of the medical device of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 6 illustrates a top view of the septum of the medical device of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a retention ring, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 8A illustrates a first portion of a flow diagram of a method for using the medical device of FIG. 1, according to another embodiment.

FIG. 8B illustrates a second portion of the flow diagram of the method of FIG. 8A, according to another embodiment.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exploded view of a medical device for use in the creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 10 illustrates an assembled view of the medical device of FIG. 9, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the medical device of FIG. 9, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a joint of the medical device of FIG. 9, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 13 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a septum of the medical device of FIG. 9, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the septum of the medical device of FIG. 9 with a medical apparatus inserted, according to another embodiment.

FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the septum of the medical device of FIG. 9, according to another embodiment.

FIG. 16 illustrates a perspective view of the septum of the medical device of FIG. 9, according to another embodiment.

FIG. 17 illustrates a perspective view of the septum of FIG. 16 in a separated arrangement, according to another embodiment.

FIG. 18 illustrates an exploded view of a medical device, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 19 illustrates a perspective view of the medical device of FIG. 18, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 20 illustrates a side view of the medical device of FIG. 18, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 21 illustrates a bottom view of the septum of the medical device of FIG. 18, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 22 illustrates a top view of the septum of the medical device of FIG. 18, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 23 illustrates a perspective view of a retention ring of the medical device of FIG. 18, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 24 illustrates a flow diagram of a method for using the medical device of FIG. 9, according to another embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Medical devices for use in the creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum, as disclosed herein, will become better understood through a review of the following detailed description in conjunction with the figures. The detailed description and figures provide merely examples of the various embodiments of medical devices for use in the creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum. Many variations are contemplated for different applications and design considerations; however, for the sake of brevity and clarity, all the contemplated variations may not be individually described in the following detailed description. Those skilled in the art will understand how the disclosed examples may be varied, modified, and altered and not depart in substance from the scope of the examples described herein.

Conventional devices restrict the movement of a medical apparatus inserted through the conventional device and into the patient's abdomen and allow little or no room for positional adjustment of the medical apparatus. Furthermore, some of the known devices have a relatively complex construction which increases the cost of manufacture. As these devices are intended to be disposable, a low manufacturing cost is essential. Additionally, the complexity of conventional devices increases the learning curve as well as a risk of user error or device failure. As an additional matter, conventional devices have reduced functionality or application for surgical sites that are unstable. For example, surgical sites with high fatty tissue content, loose skin, near a joint, or so forth present a challenge in that the surgical site is not sufficiently stable. Additionally, too much tissue may be drawn into the conventional device rendering it unsatisfactory.

Some embodiments described herein allow for stabilization of the surgical site through vacuum pressure applied within a torus channel of the medical device in addition to creation of the temporary pneumoperitoneum through vacuum pressure applied within a rigid dome of the medical device. In the example of bariatric surgeries, surgeons may be aided by the stabilization of the surgical site and potential redistribution of components of the tissues through use of the medical devices described herein. This allows the device to be deployed in bariatric surgeries in which high fatty tissue concentrations may be

Additionally, the relative lack of complexity of the medical device reduces cost, potential user error, and failure rate of the medical device itself. For example, in many surgical operations, it is advantageous to leave a trocar or other medical apparatuses indwelling while removing the medical device to provide clear access for additional medical apparatuses to be introduced, laterally or otherwise, to the surgical site without interference from the medical device.

FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a medical device 100 for use in the creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum with an external torus channel, according to an embodiment. The use of a separate rigid dome 102 and torus channel 104 allows for creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum to assist in preparation for and execution of surgery and stabilization of the surgical site to create a predictable and sound pneumoperitoneum. The stability allows for consistent formation of the pneumoperitoneum, improve access at the surgical site, and improved recovery.

In some embodiments, the medical device 100 includes a rigid dome 102, a torus channel 104, a septum 106, a dome vacuum port 108, a channel vacuum port 110, an aperture 120, and a patient interface surface 112. In some embodiments, the rigid dome 102 is an approximately substantially hemispherical or dome-shaped structure that is open at the patient interface surface 112. In some embodiments, the hemispherical geometry of the rigid dome 102 may open at one side to define the patient interface surface 112. In other words, the patient interface surface 112 may be on the open side of the rigid dome 102. The patient interface surface 112 may have an annular geometry configured to bound or substantially surround the surgical site. The patient interface surface 112 may be circular, ovular, elliptical, or the like. In other embodiments, the patient interface surface 112 may have a geometry that is at least partially linear. For example, the patient interface surface 112 may have a stadium geometry, a rectangular geometry, a triangular geometry, or so forth. Corresponding geometry may be incorporated into the rigid dome 102 and/or the torus channel 104. In some embodiments, the geometry of the rigid dome 102 may be similar to the geometry of the torus channel 104. In some embodiments, the rigid dome 102 may be different in geometry from the torus channel 104.

In some embodiments, the torus channel 104 may be coupled to the rigid dome 102 to extend along a periphery of the rigid dome 102. In some embodiments, the torus channel 104 may have a partial toroidal geometry. In other words, embodiments of the torus channel 104 may form a ring around the rigid dome 102 that is open toward, and substantially surrounding, a surgical site. In some embodiments, the torus channel 104 may be disposed external to the rigid dome 102. In other words, the rigid dome 102 may form an uninterrupted internal space with the torus channel 104 disposed externally relative to the internal space of the rigid dome 102.

In some embodiments, the torus channel 104 may have a consistent cross-sectional geometry around the periphery of the rigid dome 102. In other embodiments, the cross-sectional geometry of the torus channel 104 may vary by location along the periphery of the rigid dome 102. For example, the torus channel 104 may narrow or widen, may vary in shape from one geometry to another, or so forth.

In some embodiments, the torus channel 104 may include a flange or other extension on an exterior of the torus channel 104 and extending outward from the medical device 100 and/or between the torus channel 104 and the rigid dome 102. The geometry of the torus channel 104 may reduce patient discomfort, distribute pressure, reduce loss of circulation, or so forth. In some embodiments, at least one of the rigid dome 102 or the torus channel 104 may include rounded or chamfered edges and/or corners to improve an interfacing aspect with the surgical site.

In some embodiments, the aperture 120 may be formed in the rigid dome 102. In some embodiments, the aperture 120 may provide access to the surgical site at an interior of the rigid dome 102. The aperture 120 may be centrally positioned on the rigid dome 102. In some embodiments, the aperture 120 may be round or non-round. For example, the aperture 120 may be circular, ovular, triangular, rectangular, stadium, or so forth.

In some embodiments, the septum 106 may be positioned at the aperture 120 to form a penetrable barrier at the aperture 120 to control access to the interior of the rigid dome 102. The septum 106 may be configured to maintain a seal with a medical instrument to resist transfer of pressure through the aperture 120 with the medical instrument inserted. In some embodiments, the septum 106 may include a material that is distinct from a material of the rigid dome 102. In some embodiments, the material and/or arrangement of the septum 106 is configured to provide access to the interior of the rigid dome 102 while maintaining a pressure loss resistant barrier in the presence of the medical instrument.

In some embodiments, the torus channel 104 may include the channel vacuum port 110. In some embodiments, the channel vacuum port 110 may be coupled to or formed in the torus channel 104 to provide fluid communication for a vacuum source external to the torus channel 104 to reduce a pressure within an interior of the torus channel 104. For example, the channel vacuum port 110 may couple the torus channel 104 to a vacuum source such as a facility vacuum source such as a hospital or operating room vacuum connection. In some embodiments, the dome vacuum port 108 formed in the rigid dome 102 is similar to the channel vacuum port 110. In other embodiments, the dome vacuum port 108 is different from the channel vacuum port 110.

In some embodiments, the medical device 100 is divisible to separate a first portion of the medical device 100 from a second portion of the medical device 100. In some embodiments, the medical device 100 may include a closure element 114 to secure the portions of the medical device 100 in place when closed and facilitate release of the portions of the medical device 100 from one another. In some embodiments, release of the portions of the medical device 100 may allow for removal of the medical device 100 from a surgical site while leaving a surgical instrument in situ at the surgical site. Separation of the portion of the medical device 100 may be facilitated by multiple components of the medical device 100. For example, the rigid dome 102 and the torus channel 104 may separate and the septum 106 may be removable from the medical device and/or divisible to remove the septum 106 from the medical instrument while in situ.

In some embodiments, the closure element 114 may include a locking element such as a slider, a latch, a lever, a band, a strap, and so forth. The closure element 114 may be positioned in a closed position to secure the first dome portion to the second dome portion and the first channel portion to the second channel portion and positioned in a released position to release the first dome portion from the second dome portion to facilitate removal of the medical device 100 from the surgical site while leaving the medical instrument in situ at the surgical site.

FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-section view of the medical device 100 of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment. In some embodiments, the medical device 100 provides a multi-chamber arrangement capable of stabilizing a surgical site 202 and creating a temporary pneumoperitoneum at the surgical site 202. The ability to stabilize a surgical site 202 allows for the ability to perform a surgical procedure on a wider range of surgical sites 202 with a greater degree of precision and an improved rate of success.

In some embodiments, the medical device 100 may include pressure reducing structure 204. The pressure reducing structure 204 may be configured to contact tissue near the surgical site 202 to reduce stress at the surgical site 202. The pressure reducing structure 204 may be a flange, a rounded edge, a ring, or so forth. The pressure reducing structure 204 may be integrated into the medical device 100 or may be separate and coupleable to the medical device 100. In some embodiments, the pressure reducing structure 204 may extend around a boundary between the rigid dome 102 and the torus channel 104. In other embodiments, the pressure reducing structure 204 may extend around an outer boundary of the medical device 100 on an outer edge of the torus channel 104.

In some embodiments, the dome vacuum port 108 is configured to receive a first size and/or type of connection. In some embodiments, the channel vacuum port 110 is configured to receive a similar or different size and/or type of connection as the dome vacuum port 108. In some embodiments, the dome vacuum port 108 and the channel vacuum port 110 are separate from one another. In other embodiments, the dome vacuum port 108 and the channel vacuum port 110 may be connected to one another and may have a selective element to control application of a reduced pressure to one or both of the rigid dome 102 or the torus channel 104. For example, the dome vacuum port 108 and the channel vacuum port 110 may be selectively connected via a valve, switch, slide, or so forth.

FIG. 3 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the medical device of FIG. 1 with an internal torus channel, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments of the medical device 100 provide a compact and user-friendly solution for creating a temporary pneumoperitoneum at a stabilized surgical site.

In some embodiments, the torus channel 104 may be disposed within the interior of the rigid dome 102 to extend along a periphery of the rigid dome 102. In some embodiments, the torus channel 104 may extend into the rigid dome 102 leaving a portion of the interior of the rigid dome 102 above the torus channel 104. In other embodiments, the torus channel 104 may be defined by a substantially vertical wall within the rigid dome 102 that defines the torus channel 104 and separates the torus channel 104 from the interior of the rigid dome 102. Embodiments arranged in this way may maintain a simple dome shape for the medical device while simplifying the interior of the rigid dome 102 while still providing the stabilization benefits of the torus channel 104.

In some embodiments, the channel vacuum port 110 may extend through the interior of the rigid dome 102 to the torus channel 104. In other embodiments, the channel vacuum port 110 may not pass through the interior of the rigid dome 102 but pass directly into the torus channel from an exterior of the medical device 100.

FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the medical device of FIG. 1 with a medical instrument inserted, according to an embodiment. Embodiments of the medical device 100 allow for creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum at a stabilized surgical site 202 and introduction of a medical instrument into the medical device 100 while maintaining the temporary pneumoperitoneum and stabilization of the surgical site 202.

In some embodiments, the medical device 100 is configured to be placed at the surgical site 202. In some embodiments, the medical device 100 may be configured to directly contact the skin or tissue of a patient. In other embodiments, the medical device 100 may be configured to be place on a shield or other barrier to substantially surround the surgical site 202.

In some embodiments, a vacuum source 402 may be coupled to the dome vacuum port 108 and to the channel vacuum port 110. In some embodiments, the vacuum source 402 may be distinct for each of the dome vacuum port 108 and the channel vacuum port 110. In other embodiments, the vacuum source 402 may be shared by the dome vacuum port 108 and the channel vacuum port 110.

In some embodiments, pressure in the torus channel 104 may be reduced to apply tension to tissue at the surgical site 202 by drawing tissue into the torus channel 104. The resulting tension may increase stability at the surgical site 202. Additionally, as tissue is drawn into the torus channel 104, the tissue composition at the surgical site 202 may be changed. For example, a fatty layer may be thinned by drawing tissue into the torus channel 104.

In some embodiments, pressure in the rigid dome 102 may be reduced to draw tissue at the surgical site upward into the interior of the rigid dome 102. Drawing of the tissue into the rigid dome 102 may facilitate the creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum at the surgical site 202. In some embodiments, a medical instrument 404 may be inserted into the interior of the rigid dome 102 to access the surgical site 202. One example of the medical instrument 404 may include a trocar or other instrument for the introduction of an inert gas, making an incision instrument, applying suction, applying a irrigation agent, performing a grinding or other breakdown, obtaining an image or scan, securing a system, or so forth.

FIG. 5 illustrates a bottom view of the septum of the medical device of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments of the septum 106 allows for insertion of a medical instrument while maintaining a vacuum-resilient seal on the medical instrument 404. The septum 106 is also able to separate to allow for removal of the septum 106 from the medical instrument 404 without withdrawing the medical instrument 404 from the surgical site.

In some embodiments, the septum 106 includes grip tabs 502. The grip tabs 502 extend from the septum 106 at an angle from each other to form a location for a surgeon, or other medical personnel, to grip the septum 106. The grip tabs 502 may include textured portions 504 to improve grip. This may help to improve grip in the presence of blood, fats, oils, irrigation fluids, and so forth.

In some embodiments, the septum 106 includes a series of tear lines 508 formed in the structure of the septum 106 to facilitate separation of the septum 106. The tear lines 508 may coincide with tear notches 506 or other designed failure points to control a position, direction, or mode of failure or tearing of the septum 106 to prevent unwanted fragmentation or a tear which does not fully separate the septum 106 to release a medical instrument 404 inserted therethrough. In some embodiments, the septum 106 includes alignment holes 510. The alignment holes 510 may be through-holes formed in the septum 106 to facilitate alignment and securing of the septum 106 in conjunction with the aperture 120.

FIG. 6 illustrates a top view of the septum 106 of the medical device of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments provides a readily useable septum 106 with both a seal texture 602 forming a target for insertion of a medical instrument 404 reducing difficulty of use and forming a flexible seal accepting a wide range of medical instrument sizes while maintaining that seal.

In some embodiments, the seal texture 602 is formed as a raised structure disposed in a center of the septum 106. The raised structure of the seal texture 602 may form a ring to readily accept medical instruments 404 with a round cross-section. Other shapes are contemplated to accommodate non-round cross-sections.

FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a retention ring 700, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments of the retention ring 700 may be configured to be installed over the septum 106 to secure the septum 106 to the medical device 100 at the aperture 120. In some embodiments, the retention ring 700 may allow for increased security and seal of the septum 106 relative to the aperture 120 while also allowing for removal of the retention ring 700 and septum 106 from a medical instrument 404 while the medical instrument 404 remains in-situ. The retention ring 700 may be separable into a first ring portion 702 and a second ring portion 704. The retention ring 700 may be separated into the first ring portion 702 and the second ring portion 704 or may facilitate user input to separate the retention ring 700. The retention ring 700 may include a central aperture 708. The central aperture 708 may be positioned in the retention ring 700 to allow access to the septum 106 for insertion of a medical instrument 404 through the septum 106 at the aperture 120.

In some embodiments, the retention ring 700 includes posts 706 extending perpendicular from a plane of the retention ring 700. In some embodiments, the posts 706 are arranged in a pattern around the retention ring 700. In some embodiments, the posts 706 are distributed evenly around the retention ring 700. In some embodiments, the posts 706 retain the septum 106 to facilitate splitting of the septum 106.

In some embodiments, the posts 706 may have a consistent cross-sectional geometry. In other embodiments, the posts 706 have a differential geometry. For example, in some embodiments, the posts 706 have a tip section with a smaller diameter. This variation in geometry may allow the posts 706 to engage separately with the septum 106 and the structure of the rigid dome 102 proximate the aperture 120. The posts 706 may provide alignment of the retention ring 700 relative to the aperture 120 and alignment of the septum 106 with the aperture 120.

FIG. 8A illustrates a flow diagram of a method 800 for using the medical device 100 of FIG. 1, according to another embodiment. The method 800 may relate to a process for using a medical device capable of creating a temporary pneumoperitoneum at a surgical site to reduce the risk of harm or injury or improve a recovery time and experience.

The method 800 may include placing a medical device at a surgical site with a patient interface surface of a rigid dome of the medical device substantially surrounding the surgical site (Block 802). For example, the rigid dome 102 or the torus channel 104 of the medical device 100 may be open forming a patient interface surface 112 which may be positioned on a patient to extend around the surgical site 202.

The method 800 may include coupling a vacuum source to a channel vacuum port of a torus channel of the medical device with the torus channel extends along a periphery of the rigid dome (Block 804). For example, the vacuum source 402 may couple to a channel vacuum port 110 of a torus channel 104 which extends around the rigid dome 102.

The method 800 may include reducing a pressure on an interior of the torus channel to draw tissue near the surgical site into the interior of the torus channel (Block 806). For example, the tissue at the surgical site 202 may be drawn into the torus channel 104 by a reduced pressure in the torus channel 104 and, because the torus channel 104 is on a periphery of the rigid dome 102, the portion of the surgical site 202 within the rigid dome 102 may be stabilized.

The method 800 may include coupling the vacuum source to a dome vacuum port disposed on the rigid dome (Block 808). For example, a vacuum source 402 may be used to provide pressure reduction for both the dome vacuum port 108 and the channel vacuum port 110 or may be separate for both the dome vacuum port 108 and the channel vacuum port 110.

The method 800 may include reducing a pressure of an interior of the rigid dome with the vacuum source to raise tissue at the surgical site at least partially into the interior of the rigid dome (Block 810). For example, drawing the tissue up into the rigid dome 102 may facilitate creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum at the surgical site 202.

The method 800 may include inserting a medical instrument into the interior of the rigid dome from an exterior of the rigid dome through an aperture of the rigid dome (Block 812). For example, a medical instrument 404 may be inserted in the interior of the rigid dome 102 via a septum 106 disposed at an aperture 120 of the rigid dome 102. The method 800 continues in FIG. 8B.

FIG. 8B illustrates a second portion of the flow diagram of the method of FIG. 8A, according to another embodiment. The method 800 may include inserting the medical apparatus into the raised tissue at the surgical site perform a surgical procedure (Block 814). For example, a medical instrument, such as a trocar, may be inserted into the rigid dome 102 and into the surgical site 202 to begin a surgical procedure.

The method 800 may include normalizing the pressure on the interior of the rigid dome relative to an environmental pressure (Block 816). For example, the pressure on the interior of the rigid dome 102 may be normalized by unstopping the dome vacuum port 108 or otherwise disconnecting the rigid dome 102 from the vacuum source 402.

The method 800 may include normalizing the pressure on the interior of the torus channel relative to the environmental pressure (Block 818). For example, the pressure on the interior of the torus channel 104 may be normalized by unstopping the channel vacuum port 110 or otherwise disconnecting the torus channel 104 from the vacuum source 402.

The method 800 may include removing the medical device from the surgical site (Block 820). For example, with the rigid dome 102 and the torus channel 104 pressure normalized relative to an environmental pressure surrounding the medical device 100, the medical device may be lifted from the surgical site 202.

Implementations of the medical devices for use in the creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum, as disclosed herein, may address some or all of the problems described above. For example, embodiments disclosed herein allow for adjustment and manipulate of the medical device relative to the surgical site and also allow for the maneuvering of medical apparatuses within the medical device while in place at the surgical site. Embodiments described herein also allow for removal of the medical device from the surgical site while allowing persistent use of an indwelling trocar line. In other words, the trocar need not be removed to remove the medical device from the surgical site. Additionally, the relative lack of complexity of the medical device reduces cost, potential user error, and failure rate of the medical device itself. For example, in many surgical operations, it is advantageous to leave a trocar or other medical apparatuses indwelling while removing the medical device to provide clear access for additional medical apparatuses to be introduced, laterally or otherwise, to the surgical site without interference from the medical device.

FIG. 9 illustrates an exploded view of a medical device 100 for use in creating a temporary pneumoperitoneum, according to an embodiment. The use of a separable dome allows for creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum to assist in preparation for and execution of surgery. The separability allows for removal of the dome while keeping a medical apparatus in place.

In some embodiments, the medical device 100 includes a rigid dome 1021, a sealing element 1041, a septum 106, a vacuum port 107, and a raised structure 1081. The rigid dome 1021 is an approximately substantially hemispherical or dome-shaped structure having a first dome section 1101 and a second dome section 1121. The first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121 form the rigid dome 1021 when joined together. In other words, the first dome section 1101 has a semi-hemispherical geometry or constitutes a portion of the hemispherical geometry of the rigid dome 1021 while the second dome portion 1121 has a semi-hemispherical geometry complimentary to the first dome section 1121.

The first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121 may each form an equal half of the rigid dome 1021. In some embodiments, one of the first dome section 1101 or the second dome section 1121 constitutes a greater portion of the rigid dome 1021 that the other. In some embodiments, at least one of the first dome section 1101 or the second dome section 1121 is transparent or semi-transparent to facilitate viewing of a surgical site on an interior of the rigid dome 1021. A radius of curvature of the first dome section 1101 may be equivalent to a radius of curvature of the second dome section 1121. In some embodiments, the curvature or other geometry of the first dome section 1101 is different from a corresponding geometry in the second dome section 1121.

In some embodiments, the first dome section 1101 is wholly releasable from the second dome section 1121 to allow for the rigid dome 1021 to be removed and leave a medical apparatus, inserted through the rigid dome 1021, to be left in place. In other embodiments, the first dome section 1101 is partially releasable from the second dome section 1121 and remains coupled to the second dome section 1121 at, for example, a hinge, tether, joint, or so forth. In some embodiments, the remaining connection between the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121 is further separable to fully separate the first dome section 1101 from the second dome section 1121. In other embodiments, the remaining connection between the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121 is separation resistant. The first dome section 1101 of the rigid dome 1021 also includes a first patient interface portion 1141 of a patient interface 1161, a first aperture portion 118 of an aperture 120, and a first joining interface 122.

In some embodiments, the first patient interface portion 1141 extends around a base of the first dome section 1101. The first patient interface portion 1141 may be rolled outward from the first dome section 1101 to provide an increased surface area in the first patient interface portion 1141 relative to a thickness of the first dome section 1101. In some embodiments, the first patient interface portion 1141 forms a first portion of the patient interface 1161 which extends across both the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121. The patient interface 1161 may reduce a pressure at the surgical site around the rigid dome 1021. This may reduce impact to the flow of blood or other fluids or reduce the risk of tissue damage. Additionally, the increased surface area at the patient interface 1161 may reduce a risk of exacerbating a wound at the surgical site. In some embodiments, the patient interface 1161 may include a coating, liner, treatment, or so forth to improve sanitization, traction, vacuum seal, or so forth.

The first aperture portion 118 forms a portion of an aperture 120 that is opposite the first patient interface portion 1141 on the first dome section 1101. In some embodiments, the aperture 120 is a circular opening in the rigid dome 1021. In other embodiments, the aperture 120 has a non-circular geometry. In some embodiments, the aperture 120 is formed, in equal parts, by both the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121. In other embodiments, the aperture 120 is formed, in greater degree, by one of the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121 that the other of the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121. The aperture 120 may include ridges, depressions, rings, friction fittings, and so forth to improve a seal, retention, releasability, or other characteristics in relation to the septum 106.

In some embodiments, the first joining interface 122 extends along an edge of the first dome section 1101 between the first aperture portion 118 and the first patient interface portion 1141. In some embodiments, the first joining interface 122 forms a flange, lip, tongue or groove, ledge, or so forth. In some embodiments, the first joining interface 122 is configured to align with the second joining interface 128 to join the first dome section 1101 to the second dome section 1121 to form the rigid dome 1021.

The second dome section 1121 of the rigid dome 1021 includes a second patient interface portion 124, a second aperture portion 126, and a second joining interface 128. In some embodiments, the second patient interface portion 124 compliments the first patient interface portion 1141 to form the entirety of the patient interface 1161. In some embodiments, the first patient interface portion 1141 forms a portion of the patient interface 1161 which extends around a base of the second dome section 1121. In some embodiments, the second patient interface portion 124 is rolled outward from the second dome section 1121 to provide increased surface area in the second patient interface portion 124 relative to a thickness of the second dome section 1121.

The second aperture portion 126 is positioned opposite the second patient interface portion 124 second dome section 1121. In some embodiments, the second aperture portion 126 combines with the first aperture portion 118 of the first dome section 1101 to form the aperture 120. The second aperture portion 126 may constitute a greater or lesser amount of the aperture 120 relative to the first aperture portion 118. In some embodiments, one or both of the first aperture portion 118 and the second aperture portion 126 includes an alignment feature to correspond with a geometry or feature of the septum 106 to facilitate alignment of the septum within the aperture 120.

In some embodiments, the second joining interface 128 extends along an edge of the second dome section 1121 between the second aperture portion 126 and the second patient interface portion 124. The second joining interface 128 may be configured to couple to the first joining interface 122 to join the first dome section 1101 to the second dome section 1121 to form the rigid dome 1021.

In some embodiments, a sealing element 1041 is configured to removably seal the first joining interface 122 of the first dome section 1101 to the second joining interface 128 of the second dome section 1121. In some embodiment, the sealing element 1041 is a medical tape. In some embodiments, the sealing element 1041 applied to the exterior of the rigid dome 1021 to overlap the first joining interface 122 and the second joining interface 128 to seal the first joining interface 122 to the second joining interface 128. The sealing element 1041 may be removable from at least one of the first joining interface 122 or the second joining interface 128 to at least partially separate the first dome section 1101 from the second dome section 1121.

In other embodiments, the sealing element 1041 is a low shear strength adhesive. For example, the low shear strength adhesive may be a low shear strength silicon or other low shear strength polymer breakable by hand. The sealing element 1041 may be removeable to facilitate separation of the first dome section 1101 from the second dome section 1121. The sealing effect provided by the sealing element 1041 allows for a reduction in leakage of pressure to or from the interior of the rigid dome 1021 when the rigid dome 1021 is in place at the surgical site. In some embodiments, the sealing element 1041 includes a tab, strip, handle, loop, or so forth, to facilitate removal of the sealing element 1041 from the rigid dome 1021

In some embodiments, the medical device 100 also includes a septum 106. The septum 106 may be positioned within the aperture 120 and form a permeable barrier to allow a medical apparatus to penetrate through the septum 106 to access the interior of the rigid dome 1021. The septum 106 may be configured to engage with the first aperture portion 118 of the first dome section 1101 and engage with the second aperture portion 126 of the second dome section 1121. In some embodiments, the septum 106 is formed from a different material than the rigid dome 1021. The use of a different material may allow for easier puncture of the septum 106 relative to the rigid dome 1021, thereby facilitating insertion of the medical apparatus through the septum 106.

The medical device 100 may also include a vacuum port 107. In some embodiments, the vacuum port 107 is disposed in the rigid dome 1021 between the patient interface 1161 and the aperture 120. In some embodiments, the vacuum port 107 forms a fluid pathway between an interior of the rigid dome 1021 and an exterior of the rigid dome 1021. In some embodiments, the vacuum port 107 facilitates connection of a vacuum source to the rigid dome 1021 to reduce a pressure on the interior of the rigid dome 1021. In some embodiments, the vacuum port 107 projects outward from the rigid dome 1021 in a vertical or angled orientation. The vacuum port 107 may be smooth, threaded, barbed, or so forth, to accept a connection to the vacuum source.

Some embodiments include a vacuum port plug 130. The vacuum port plug 130 may be compatible with the vacuum port 107 to form a barrier at the vacuum port 107 to maintain a reduced pressure on the interior of the rigid dome 1021. In some embodiments, the vacuum port plug 130 may be incorporated into the vacuum port 107 to create a one-way valve allowing air to be evacuated from the interior of the rigid dome 1021 while resisting the flow of air back into the interior of the rigid dome 1021. In some embodiments, the vacuum port plug 130 is actuated by an input on the exterior of the rigid dome 1021 to equalize the pressure on the interior of the rigid dome 1021 to an exterior pressure.

The medical device 100 may also include a raised structure 1081 extending outward from an exterior surface of the rigid dome 1021 to form a physical interface to receive a force to physically manipulate the rigid dome 1021. For example, a user may grasp the medical device 100 at the raised structure 1081 to position the medical device 100 relative to the surgical site, orient the medical device 100 relative to the user or the surgical site, apply a force into or away from a plane of the surgical site, separate the first dome section 1101 from the second dome section 1121, or so forth. In some embodiments, the raised structure 1081 includes grip elements. For example, the raised structure 1081 may include ridges, knurling, dimples, coatings, or so forth to increase a friction coefficient of at least a portion of the raised structure 1081.

FIG. 10 illustrates an assembled view of the medical device 100 of FIG. 9, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments forms a complete air-tight or near air-tight dome to cover and manipulate a surgical site to reduce risk of unintended harm during a surgical operation or in preparation for a surgical operation. In some embodiments, the first dome section 1101 seals to the second dome section 1121 to create a closed seam at the joint 2021. In some embodiments, the joint 2021 is sealed with an adhesive or other material applied within the joint 2021. In other embodiments, the joint 2021 is sealed with a tape or other material applied to an exterior of the joint 2021 on an exterior of the rigid dome 1021 or an interior of the rigid dome 1021.

In some embodiments, the medical device 100 may include a closure element 114 to secure the portions of the medical device 100 in place when closed and facilitate release of the portions of the medical device 100 from one another. In some embodiments, release of the portions of the medical device 100 may allow for removal of the medical device 100 from a surgical site while leaving a surgical instrument in situ at the surgical site.

In some embodiments, the septum 106 is sealed in the aperture 120 of the rigid dome 1021. In some embodiments, the septum 106 is sealed within the aperture 120 using a material similar to or differing from a material applied at the joint 2021. In other embodiments, a structure of the septum 106 is sufficient to maintain a seal relative to the aperture 120.

FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the medical device 100 of FIG. 9, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments shows a pass-through aspect of the vacuum port 107 into an interior of the medical device 100 which allows pressure to be reduced on the interior of the medical device 100 to draw a surgical site up into the interior of the medical device 100 to reduce risk of unintended harm at a surgical site. In some embodiments, the vacuum port 107 extends from the rigid dome 1021 in a substantially vertical orientation. In other embodiments, the vacuum port 107 extends from the rigid dome 1021 at an angle perpendicular relative to the surface of the rigid dome 1021 from which the vacuum port 107 extends. In other embodiments, other angles may be used to facilitate connection with a vacuum source, reduce interference with access to the septum 106, or so forth. In some embodiments, the vacuum port 107 is positioned on the rigid dome 1021 to reduce the likelihood of drawing, distending, deflecting, or otherwise moving, tissue at the surgical site to, or into, the vacuum port 107.

FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a joint 400 of the medical device of FIG. 9, according to an embodiment. In some embodiments, the first joining interface 122 is configured to contact the second joining interface 128 to form a seal. In some embodiments, the joint 400 is a tongue-and-groove joint with the first joining interface 122 inserting into a groove forming the second joining interface 128. In other embodiments, the joint 400 is a lap joint, a sunk lap joint, a butt joint, a t-bull joint, a flange joint, a standing joint, a flat lock joint, or so forth.

FIG. 13 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the septum 106 of the medical device 100 of FIG. 9, according to an embodiment. In some embodiments, the septum 106 includes an access structure 5021 through which a medical apparatus accesses an interior of the rigid dome 1021. In some embodiments, the access structure 5021 of the septum 106 is thinner than another part of the septum 106. The reduced thickness of the access structure 5021 may allow for easier penetration of the septum 106 at the access structure 5021. In some embodiments, the access structure 5021 includes a material that is different from another material in the remainder of the septum 106. For example, the access structure 5021 may include a softer or more elastic material that is not included in the remainder of the septum 106 or is included at a lower quantity or concentration.

Additionally, the reduced thickness of the septum 106 at the access structure 5021 may provide a visual indicator of the location at which the medical apparatus may be inserted through the septum 106 with reduced chance of impacting the medical apparatus on the rigid dome 1021. In some embodiments, the access structure 5021 is positioned centrally on the septum 106 forming a recess 5041 other either side of the access structure 5021. In other embodiments, the access structure 5021 may be positioned off-center forming recesses 5041 of different sizes or only a single recess on one side of the septum 106 with the access structure 5021 being flush to a remainder of the septum 106 on one side of the septum 106.

In some embodiments, the septum 106 includes a retaining structure 5061 to apply a retaining force at the aperture 120. In some embodiments, the retaining structure 5061 includes raised portions within a channel 5081 extending around at least a portion of a perimeter of the septum 106. The retaining structure 5061 may be rings formed in the channel 5081. The retaining structure 5061 may be rounded, squared, beveled, or so forth.

FIG. 14 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the septum 106 of the medical device 100 of FIG. 9 with a medical apparatus 6021 inserted, according to another embodiment. In some embodiments, the medical apparatus 6021 is inserted through the access structure 5021 of the septum 106 to gain access to an interior of the medical device 100. As illustrated, embodiments of the septum 106 allow for the medical device 100 to inserted at a range of angles as may be occasioned by the surgical site, type of surgical operation, or other variables. In some embodiments, the septum 106 is configured to accept insertion of the medical apparatus 6021 at a first angle and maintain a seal at the medical apparatus through a transition to a second angle different from the first angle to allow for repositioning of the medical apparatus 6021. Also shown is a variation of the retaining structure 5061 which is recessed. The recessed retaining structure 5061 interfaces with a corresponding raised structure on the rigid dome 1021 at the aperture 120.

FIG. 15 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the septum 106 of the medical device 100 of FIG. 9, according to another embodiment. In some embodiments, the septum 106 may include a recess 5041 with an opening that is narrowed at a surface of the septum 106. In some embodiments, the narrowed aspect of the recess 5041 may provide a self-righting force applied to the medical apparatus 6021 as the medical apparatus 6021 is inserted into the access structure 5021 of the septum 106.

FIG. 16 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the septum 106 of the medical device 100 of FIG. 9, according to another embodiment. In some embodiments, a separable embodiment of the septum 106 is shown which allows for the septum 106 to be removed without disturbing or removing the medical apparatus 6021 from the surgical site. In other words, the septum 106 is at least partially separable to release from the medical apparatus 6021 without removing the medical apparatus 6021 from the surgical site. This can reduce a risk of unintended harm or increase a likelihood of success of the surgical operation. In some embodiments, the septum 106 is separable at a separation boundary 8021 formed in the septum 106. The separation boundary 8021 may include a perforation, a different material, a siping or cut, or other weakening or tear facilitating structure or variation. The separation boundary 8021 may be at some boundary angle 8041 relative to a surface of the septum 106. For example, the separation boundary 8021 may have a boundary angle 8041 of 30-degrees. In some embodiments, the separation boundary 8021 is a through-cut which is maintained together in a sealed arrangement by the material of the septum 106, a reduced pressure within the rigid dome, and/or a force applied to the septum 106 by the rigid dome 1021. In some embodiments, the septum 106 may be divided into a first septum portion and second portion at the separation boundary 8021. In other embodiments, the septum 106 may be partially divided from a center of the septum 106 out to an edge of the septum 106.

FIG. 17 illustrates a perspective view of the septum 106 of FIG. 8 in a separated arrangement, according to another embodiment. In some embodiments, the septum 106 is separated into distinct pieces in the first septum portion 8061 and the second septum portion 8081. While the first septum portion 8061 is shown as being similar in size and quantity of the septum 106 as the second septum portion 8081, other embodiments may incorporate a different size ratio for the first septum portion 8061 and the second septum portion 8081.

FIG. 18 illustrates an exploded view of a medical device 100, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments of the medical device 100 allow for a medical professional to form a temporary pneumoperitoneum at a surgical site using an available vacuum source and without causing undue complication or risk for the patient while significantly reducing a risk of unintended damage or harm during a surgical operation. In some embodiments, the medical device 100 includes a first dome section 1101 and a second dome section 1121 having a first band region 1010 shaped to accommodate a first retaining band 1014 and a second band region 1012 shaped to accommodate a second retaining band 1016. The first band region 1010 extends around both the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121. The first band region 1010 may be sized and oriented to form a parallel cylinder with the first band region 1010 being untampered to retain the first retaining band 1014. In other embodiments, the first band region 1010 may be tapered towards a top or bottom of the medical device 100. The second band region 1012 may be configured similar to or different from the first band region 1010. In some embodiments, the first band region 1010 is smaller in diameter than the second band region 1012 to accommodate a smaller diameter in the first retaining band 1014 relative to the second retaining band 1016. In some embodiments, the vacuum port 107 is disposed between the first band region 1010 and the aperture 120. In some embodiments, the vacuum port 107 may be disposed between the first band region 1010 and the second band region 1012. Other embodiments include other arrangement of the vacuum port 107. In some embodiments, the first retaining band 1014 or the second retaining band 1016 is a shrink band having a sufficient tensile strength. In other embodiments the first retaining band 1014 or the second retaining band 1016 is a reinforced tape. In some embodiments, the reinforced tape may be self-adhesive. The reinforced tape may include reinforcing elements such as carbon filaments, nanotubes, glass fibers, polymers, and so forth. In some embodiments, the reinforcement may be axial or biaxial.

In some embodiments, the medical device 100 includes a septum seat 1002. The septum seat 1002 may be formed around the aperture 120 to facilitate placement and securing of the septum 106. In some embodiments, the septum seat 1002 is a planar region formed around the aperture 120 on each of the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121. The septum seat 1002 may be annular in geometry and concentric with the aperture 120. In other embodiments, the septum seat 1002 may have other shapes and may have other alignments relative to the aperture 120.

In some embodiments, the septum seat 1002 includes retention holes 1004 extending into a thickness of the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121. In some embodiments, the retention holes 1004 extend completely through the thickness of the first dome section 1101 and the thickness of the second dome section 1121 to an interior of the medical device 100. In other embodiments, the retention holes 1004 do not extend completely through the thickness of the first dome section 1101 and the thickness of the second dome section 1121.

The retention holes 1004 may facilitate securing of the septum 106 into place on the septum seat 1002. In some embodiments, the medical device 100 further includes a retention ring 1005 which may be configured to engage with the retention holes 1004 to secure the septum 106 at the septum seat 1002. In some embodiments, the retention ring 1005 is separable into a first ring portion 1006 and a second ring portion 1008. The separability of the retention ring 1005 may allow for removal of the medical device 100 from around a medical tool such as a trocar, needle, line, or so forth. The retention ring 1005 may be separated into the first ring portion 1006 and the second ring portion 1008 or may require mechanical separation via tearing, cutting, or so forth.

In some embodiments, the medical device 100 includes a sealing element 1041 that is pre-shaped to conform to a cross-sectional geometry of the joint between the first dome portion 1101 and the second dome portion 1121. The sealing element 1041 may include a resilient material or a crushable material. For example, the sealing element 1041 may include a polymer material, fluoropolymer, silicone rubber, (solid strand or tubing) to form an O-ring style seal or the sealing element 1041 may be a metallic, wax, or other crushable seal material to form a gasket style seal. Other sealing methodologies may also be implemented.

FIG. 19 illustrates a perspective view of the medical device 100 of FIG. 10, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments allows for a secure seal to be formed around a surgical site to create a temporary pneumoperitoneum to reduce the risk of unintentional harm. Additionally, the medical device 100 is removable while leaving medical instruments in-situ at the surgical site further reducing potential harm from withdrawal and reinsertion.

In some embodiments, the first retaining band 1014 and the second retaining band 1016 are positioned to retain the first dome portion 1101 closed with the second dome portion 1121. The first retaining band 1014 and the second retaining band 1016 may be removed by cutting or otherwise severing to remove from the medical device 100 and facilitate separation of the first dome portion 1101 from the second dome portion 1121 at the joint 2021.

FIG. 20 illustrates a side view of the medical device of FIG. 10, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments forms a comfortable and easily deployable structure which provides the ability to form the temporary pneumoperitoneum without additional harm to the patient.

In some embodiments, the first retaining band 1014 is positioned near a middle of the medical device 100 while the second retaining band 1016 is positioned near a bottom of the medical device 100. In some embodiments, the first retaining band 1014 and the second retaining band 1016 may apply the same amount or similar retaining force on the medical device 100 to keep the joint 2021 sealed. In other embodiments, the first retaining band 1014 may apply more or less force than does the second retaining band 1016 which may be based on a position, thickness, material, or other characteristic or component of the first retaining band 1014 or the second retaining band 1016.

FIG. 21 illustrates a bottom view of the septum 106 of the medical device of FIG. 10, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments of the septum 106 allows for insertion of a medical instrument while maintaining a vacuum-resilient seal on the medical instrument. The septum 106 is also able to separate to allow for removal of the septum 106 from the medical instrument without withdrawing the medical instrument from the surgical site.

In some embodiments, the septum 106 includes grip tabs 1302. The grip tabs 1302 extend from the septum 106 at an angle from each other to form a location for a surgeon, or other medical personnel, to grip the septum 106. The grip tabs 1302 may include textured portions 1304 to improve grip. This may help to improve grip in the presence of blood, fats, oils, irrigation fluids, and so forth.

In some embodiments, the septum 106 includes a series of tear lines 1308 formed in the structure of the septum 106 to facilitate separation of the septum 106. The tear lines 1308 may coincide with tear notches 1306 or other designed failure points to control a position, direction, or mode of failure or tearing of the septum 106 to prevent unwanted fragmentation or a tear which does not fully separate the septum 106 to release a medical instrument inserted therethrough.

In some embodiments, the septum 106 includes alignment holes 1310. The alignment holes 1310 may be through-holes formed in the septum 106 to facilitate alignment and securing of the septum 106 in conjunction with the septum seat 1002 and the retention ring 1005. For example, the retention ring may be aligned to protrude through the alignment holes 1310 of the septum 106 and into the retention holes 1004 formed in the septum seat 1002.

FIG. 22 illustrates a top view of the septum 106 of the medical device of FIG. 10, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments provides a readily useable septum 106 with both a seal texture 1402 forming a target for insertion of a medical instrument reducing difficulty of use and forming a flexible seal accepting a wide range of medical instrument sizes while maintaining seal.

In some embodiments, the seal texture 1402 is formed as a raised structure disposed in a center of the septum 106. The raised structure of the seal texture 1402 may form a ring to readily accept medical instruments with a round cross-section. Other shapes are contemplated to accommodate non-round cross-sections.

FIG. 23 illustrates a perspective view of a retention ring 1005 of the medical device of FIG. 10, according to an embodiment. Some embodiments of the retention ring 1005 allow for increased security and seal of the septum 106 relative to the first dome portion 1101 and the second dome portion 1121 while also allowing for removal from a medical instrument while the instrument remains in-situ. The retention ring 1005 may be separable into a first ring portion 1006 and a second ring portion 1008. The retention ring 1005 may be separated into the first ring portion 1006 and the second ring portion 1008 or may facilitate user input to separate the retention ring 1005. The retention ring 1005 may include a central aperture 1500. The central aperture 1500 may be positioned in the retention ring 1005 to allow access to the septum 106 for insertion of a medical instrument through the septum 106.

In some embodiments, the retention ring 1005 includes posts 1502 extending perpendicular from a plane of the retention ring 1005. In some embodiments, the posts 1502 are arranged in a pattern around the retention ring 1005. In some embodiments, the posts 1502 are distributed evenly around the retention ring 1005. In some embodiments, the posts 1502 retain the septum 106 to facilitate splitting of the septum 106 in response to separation of the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121.

In some embodiments, the posts 1502 may have a consistent cross-sectional geometry. In other embodiments, the posts 1502 have a differential geometry. For example, in some embodiments, the posts 1502 have a tip section with a smaller diameter. This variation in geometry may allow the posts 1502 to engage separately with the septum 106 and the retention holes 1004 of the septum seat 1002. The posts 1502 may provide alignment of the retention ring 1005 relative to the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121 and alignment of the septum 106 with the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121.

FIG. 24 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 1600 for using the medical device 100 of FIG. 9, according to another embodiment. The method 1600 allows for creation of a temporary pneumoperitoneum for surgery. The method 1600 may include placing a rigid dome at a surgical site with a patient interface of the rigid dome surrounding the surgical site. For example, the rigid dome 1021 may be placed at a surgical site with the patient interface 1161 of the rigid dome 1021 positioned to surround the surgical site (Block 1602).

The method 1600 may include coupling a vacuum source to a vacuum port of the rigid dome Block 1604). For example, a vacuum source may be coupled to the vacuum port 107 of the rigid dome 1021 to supply a reduced pressure to the rigid dome 1021. The method 1600 may include reducing a pressure on an interior of the rigid dome with the vacuum source to raise tissue at the surgical site at least partially into the interior of the rigid dome (Block 1606). For example, as the pressure within the rigid dome 1021 is reduced, the tissue at the surgical site under the rigid dome will distend upward into the rigid dome 1021.

The method 1600 may include inserting a medical apparatus into the interior of the rigid dome from the exterior of the rigid dome through a septum disposed in an aperture of the rigid dome (Block 1608). For example, the medical apparatus 6021 may be inserted through the septum 106 of the rigid dome 1021 to access an interior of the rigid dome 1021. The method 1600 may include inserting the medical apparatus into the raised tissue at the surgical site to deliver a gas below a surface of the surgical site to form the temporary pneumoperitoneum (Block 1610). For example, the medical apparatus 6021 may be introduced into the surgical site, which is distended into the rigid dome 1021, to deliver an inert gas (e.g. CO2) below a surface layer of the surgical site to create a temporary pneumoperitoneum at the surgical site to facilitate laparoscopic surgery or another surgical operation.

The method 1600 may include normalizing the pressure within the rigid dome (Block 1612). For example, the pressure within the rigid dome 1021 may be normalized or equalized by disengaging a vacuum source from the vacuum port 107, manipulating a vacuum port plug 130, lifting the rigid dome 1021 from the surgical site, removing a sealing element 1041, creating an initial separation between the first dome section 1101 and the second dome section 1121, or so forth. The method 1600 may include separating a first dome portion from a second dome portion to remove the rigid dome from the surgical site with the medical apparatus remaining indwelling at the surgical site (Block 1614). For example, the first dome section 1101 may be separated from the second dome section 1121 by grasping the raised structure 1081 and applying a force to the rigid dome 1021 to overcome a sealing element, removing the sealing element 1041, or so forth.

A feature illustrated in one of the figures may be the same as or similar to a feature illustrated in another of the figures. Similarly, a feature described in connection with one of the figures may be the same as or similar to a feature described in connection with another of the figures. The same or similar features may be noted by the same or similar reference characters unless expressly described otherwise. Additionally, the description of a particular figure may refer to a feature not shown in the particular figure. The feature may be illustrated in and/or further described in connection with another figure.

Elements of processes (e.g. methods) described herein may be executed in one or more ways such as by a human, by a processing device, by mechanisms operating automatically or under human control, and so forth. Additionally, although various elements of a process may be depicted in the figures in a particular order, the elements of the process may be performed in one or more different orders without departing from the substance and spirit of the disclosure herein.

The foregoing description sets forth numerous specific details such as examples of specific systems, components, methods and so forth, in order to provide a good understanding of several implementations. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art, however, that at least some implementations may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known components or methods are not described in detail or are presented in simple block diagram format in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present implementations. Thus, the specific details set forth above are merely exemplary. Particular implementations may vary from these exemplary details and still be contemplated to be within the scope of the present implementations.

Related elements in the examples and/or embodiments described herein may be identical, similar, or dissimilar in different examples. For the sake of brevity and clarity, related elements may not be redundantly explained. Instead, the use of a same, similar, and/or related element names and/or reference characters may cue the reader that an element with a given name and/or associated reference character may be similar to another related element with the same, similar, and/or related element name and/or reference character in an example explained elsewhere herein. Elements specific to a given example may be described regarding that particular example. A person having ordinary skill in the art will understand that a given element need not be the same and/or similar to the specific portrayal of a related element in any given figure or example in order to share features of the related element.

It is to be understood that the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive. Many other implementations will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading and understanding the above description. The scope of the present implementations should, therefore, be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

The foregoing disclosure encompasses multiple distinct examples with independent utility. While these examples have been disclosed in a particular form, the specific examples disclosed and illustrated above are not to be considered in a limiting sense as numerous variations are possible. The subject matter disclosed herein includes novel and non-obvious combinations and sub-combinations of the various elements, features, functions and/or properties disclosed above both explicitly and inherently. Where the disclosure or subsequently filed claims recite “a” element, “a first” element, or any such equivalent term, the disclosure or claims is to be understood to incorporate one or more such elements, neither requiring nor excluding two or more of such elements.

As used herein “same” means sharing all features and “similar” means sharing a substantial number of features or sharing materially important features even if a substantial number of features are not shared. As used herein “may” should be interpreted in a permissive sense and should not be interpreted in an indefinite sense. Additionally, use of “is” regarding examples, elements, and/or features should be interpreted to be definite only regarding a specific example and should not be interpreted as definite regarding every example. Furthermore, references to “the disclosure” and/or “this disclosure” refer to the entirety of the writings of this document and the entirety of the accompanying illustrations, which extends to all the writings of each subsection of this document, including the Title, Background, Brief description of the Drawings, Detailed Description, Claims, Abstract, and any other document and/or resource incorporated herein by reference.

As used herein regarding a list, “and” forms a group inclusive of all the listed elements. For example, an example described as including A, B, C, and D is an example that includes A, includes B, includes C, and also includes D. As used herein regarding a list, “or” forms a list of elements, any of which may be included. For example, an example described as including A, B, C, or D is an example that includes any of the elements A, B, C, and D. Unless otherwise stated, an example including a list of alternatively-inclusive elements does not preclude other examples that include various combinations of some or all of the alternatively-inclusive elements. An example described using a list of alternatively inclusive elements includes at least one element of the listed elements. However, an example described using a list of alternatively inclusive elements does not preclude another example that includes all of the listed elements. And an example described using a list of alternatively inclusive elements does not preclude another example that includes a combination of some of the listed elements. As used herein regarding a list, “and/or” forms a list of elements inclusive alone or in any combination. For example, an example described as including A, B, C, and/or D is an example that may include: A alone; A and B; A, B and C; A, B, C, and D; and so forth. The bounds of an “and/or” list are defined by the complete set of combinations and permutations for the list.

Where multiples of a particular element are shown in a FIG., and where it is clear that the element is duplicated throughout the FIG., only one label may be provided for the element, despite multiple instances of the element being present in the FIG. Accordingly, other instances in the FIG. of the element having identical or similar structure and/or function may not have been redundantly labeled. A person having ordinary skill in the art will recognize based on the disclosure herein redundant and/or duplicated elements of the same FIG. Despite this, redundant labeling may be included where helpful in clarifying the structure of the depicted examples.

Applicant(s) reserves the right to submit claims directed to combinations and sub-combinations of the disclosed examples that are believed to be novel and non-obvious. Examples embodied in other combinations and sub-combinations of features, functions, elements and/or properties may be claimed through amendment of those claims or presentation of new claims in the present application or in a related application. Such amended or new claims, whether they are directed to the same example or a different example and whether they are different, broader, narrower or equal in scope to the original claims, are to be considered within the subject matter of the examples described herein.

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	PCT/US2020/054415	Oct 2020	US
Child	18030502		US

MEDICAL DEVICES FOR USE IN THE CREATION OF A TEMPORARY PNEUMOPERITONEUM

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