This application is a national phase of International Application No. PCT/GB2005/000561 filed Feb. 17, 2005 and published in the English language.
The invention relates to a device to assist the application of preparations such as antimicrobial agents, medicaments and cosmetics to the surface of a user's limb. The device is particularly suitable to assist in decontamination of limbs prior to surgery thereon.
The decontamination and sterilisation of skin is one of the most important parts of any surgical operation. Since the work of Pasteur, Lister, Semmelweiss and others, we have known that bacteria cause infection. As a consequence of their work, a variety of methods are now routinely used to reduce the bacterial count on the surface of the skin prior to surgical procedures.
Standard techniques employed to this end include: skin depilation (i.e. removal of hair) immediately prior to surgery; removal of any visible contamination; washing of the skin with soap and water; painting of the skin with an anti-microbial agent.
This last part of the preparation before surgery (i.e. the use of an anti-microbial agent) is often known amongst surgeons as the ‘skin prep’. It is this procedure that has turned surgery from a life-threatening procedure into the safe procedure it is today. Prior to the introduction of skin prep, mortality rates from wound infection could be as high as 40%. Following the introduction of skin preparation, the infection rate from bacteria residing on the skin has fallen to almost unrecordable levels.
However, the introduction of more complex surgery, and especially joint-replacement surgery, where the presence of foreign material in the body potentiates the infection, has led to a reassessment of skin preparation.
It is known that anti-microbial agents such as iodine, chlorhexidine and alcohol need time in contact with the skin to kill the bacteria. It is also known that there is a reservoir of skin-associated organisms that reside in the sweat glands and hair follicles of the body. Therefore, a skin preparation agent that stays on the skin for a period of time prior to surgery will be more effective in reducing the bacterial count. Furthermore, if the agent forms a film on the skin which is retained throughout the operation, then this is also of benefit.
A common technique for application of the anti-microbial agent is as follows: the surgeon or the surgeon's assistant is supplied with a bowl containing the skin preparation fluid, and something for applying the agent. This usually comprises a swab or a piece of sponge held in a pair of locking forceps. For preparation of the abdomen or chest, this is usually excellent. The area to be cleaned is roughly flat, does not need to be moved, and is clearly visible to the surgeon.
For structures such as the arm and leg, the situation is more difficult. As the skin prep is carried out after anaesthesia has commenced, the limb must be held in the air by an assistant. It is not possible to clearly see the entire surface of limb. In particular, toes and fingers are difficult to prepare. The person who holds the limb is ‘non-sterile’—i.e. has not been through the de-contamination procedures carried out by surgeons and their assistants—and so has to transfer the support of the limb to the sterile surgical team. This whole procedure takes a significant amount of time and can be prone to contamination. If a tourniquet is being used, then the anti-microbial agent can seep under the tourniquet and cause contact burns.
Whilst lifting of an arm is not too difficult, lower limbs have considerable weight and may have to be supported whilst the limb is cleaned. As a result, the non-sterile member of the team initially supporting the limb may have to support it at arm's length to allow the surgical team access to the limb. This can be dangerous, not only for the patient, if the leg is dropped, but also to the person holding the limb, and can result in back strain and other similar injuries.
Whilst these problems, and the solutions provided by the current invention, are described in terms of human surgical procedures, they clearly have parallels in the veterinary field.
Furthermore, whilst the invention relates primarily to problems associated with the application of anti-microbial agents to limbs, there are similar problems in associated areas for which the invention has considerable application. For example, it is often required to apply other agents such as medicaments, depilants (hair-removal agents) and cosmetic preparations such as artificial tanning solutions to limbs of users, without undue contact of the agent with the hand of the person applying it. Furthermore, these agents may need to be left in contact with the skin for some length of time without the agent drying or coming into contact with, for example, clothes, furniture or other parts of the body. The invention also has application as temporary wound-dressing, for example in the treatment of burns, and allows wound inspection following surgery or during ward rounds. Prior art known to the applicant comprises former patent applications GB 2276323, WO 03/090598, DE 29913123U1 and, U.S. Pat. No. 6,276,364 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,592,953
It is an object of the present invention to attempt a solution to these problems.
The invention provides a device adapted to assist the sterilisation of a limb surface, and comprising: a flexible tubular sleeve, closed at one end, shaped and sized so as to loosely fit, in use, around the limb of a patient whose limb surface is to be sterilised; and respective limb-sealing means, each located close to or at a respective end of said sleeve, and each capable of forming, in use, a seal between the sleeve and the limb of a patient.
Preferably, at least one of the limb-sealing means comprises a perforated, elastic diaphragm. This type of limb-sealing means has a particular advantage over eg. a simple drawstring arrangement or elasticated cuff in that the elastic diaphragm can stretch to accommodate the varying diameters of a patient's limb without either the need to adjust the drawstring, or the possibility of an ineffective seal between an elasticated cuff and a patient's limb.
In any embodiment of the invention it is also preferable that at least one of the limb-sealing means comprises a substantially frustoconical portion. Not only can this arrangement assist in the insertion of a patient's limb into the limb-sealing means, but it may also be used to position the limb-sealing means, before use, away from contamination.
In any aspect of the invention, the limb-sealing means are preferably constructed so as to create a wiping action when slid, in use, along a patient's limb. This feature is particularly advantageous as it serves to remove any excess fluid that has been applied to a patient's limb before the commencement of surgery.
In any aspect of the invention, both ends of the said sleeve are advantageously initially closed. By closing both ends of the sleeve, it is possible to produce the device in a sterile fashion and to maintain that sterility during storage. Additionally the sleeve may be provided as part of a sterile pack.
In any aspect of the invention, the sleeve of the device is preferably substantially transparent. By this means, it is possible for an operator or a user to see the limb whilst applying fluid such as an anti-microbial formulation. This enables the user to ensure that the fluid is spread evenly over the limb and reaches all exposed parts, such as between the fingers and toes.
In any aspect of the invention, it is preferable that at least one of any sealed end of the sleeve is perforated, nicked, weakened or otherwise adapted to assist opening of that sealed end. In the surgical context, it is advantageous to be able to open an end of the sleeve quickly and without use of cutting means such as scissors or a scalpel. This avoids risk of injury to the patient and contamination of surgical or other instruments.
In any aspect of the invention, it is advantageous that the device further comprises at least one tab or loop to assist pulling the sleeve, in use, along a patient's limb. When used in the field of pre-surgical limb sterilisation, it is important not to re-introduce any contamination onto the patient's limb following the ‘skin prep’. By providing tabs or loops, especially at the end closest to the extremity of the limb, a surgeon or surgeon's assistant can pull the sleeve along the limb and avoiding contact with the sterilised skin surface. As well as flexible tabs or loops, such a loop could advantageously comprise a rigid ring, large enough to pass over a patient's limb, to facilitate pulling the sleeve along the limb. Such means to assist pulling the sleeve may be advantageously located at either or both ends of the sleeve to assist the two pulling actions envisaged: firstly to pull a first end over the limb to enclose it; and secondly to pull the send end up to meet the first end, thereby exposing the treated skin.
In any aspect of the invention, it is advantageous for the device to further comprise fastening means to hold the two ends of the sleeve close together whilst the sleeve is positioned on a patient's limb. In use, and as illustrated and described below, the two ends of the sleeve may be brought together on a patient's limb causing the sleeve to adopt a bunched configuration. Provision of fastening means, such as adhesive tape, a stud type fastening or even a simple tie fastening allows the operator to maintain the sleeve in that configuration without it slipping back down the patient's limb.
In any aspect of the invention, it is preferable that the device has an easily rupturable container of sterilising agent inside (in use) the sleeve. It is particularly advantageous to provide such a container within the sleeve as it will remove the need for an operator to have contact with the sterilising agent (or other medicament or cosmetic preparation) during the application process. Furthermore, this allows a pre-metered dose of sterilising agent to be provided thus ensuring that sufficient material is used.
In any aspect of the invention, it is advantageous that the sleeve further comprises a valve arrangement to allow egress of air from within the sleeve whilst the sleeve is positioned on a patient's limb. In one such aspect, the valve would be a one-way valve, to allow air to escape from between the patient's limb and the sleeve, in use, so facilitating e.g. moving both ends of the sleeve to a common point on the limb (to expose the skin surface) without the sleeve “ballooning” due to trapped air. In another such aspect, the valve arrangement would comprise a simple tap arrangement to allow air to escape from, or to be introduced into the sleeve. For situations requiring aseptic conditions, the valve arrangement may be provided with a air filter suitable for removing airborne contaminants such as bacteria. In this arrangement, therefore, the sleeve may be inflated or deflated at will. In this way, the relative proximity of the sleeve and the patient's skin may be controlled: by inflating the sleeve, it is held away from the skin, allowing improved inspection of e.g. wounds; by deflating the sleeve, it may be repositioned more easily, and may be used to apply pressure to the patient's limb, or to dressings or medicaments applied thereon.
Preferably a limb sealing means is provided which is sized and shaped to be extendable beyond an opening formed by removal of the sealed end of the device.
Preferably at least one of the limb sealing means adapts to fit limbs of differing circumference without the need to cut sections from the device.
Preferably a resealable portal is provided.
In a second broad aspect, the invention provides a device adapted to assist the sterilisation of a limb surface, and comprising:
In a third broad aspect, the invention provides a device adapted to assist the sterilisation of a limb surface, and comprising:
In a fourth broad aspect, the invention provides a device adapted to assist the sterilisation of a limb surface, and comprising:
In a fifth broad aspect, the invention provides a device adapted to assist the sterilisation of a limb surface and comprising:
In a sixth broad aspect, the invention provides a device adapted to assist the sterilisation of a limb surface and comprising:
In a seventh broad aspect, the invention provides a device adapted to assist the sterilisation of a limb surface and comprising:
In an eighth broad aspect, the invention provides a device adapted to assist the sterilisation of a limb surface and comprising:
Included within the scope of the invention is a device substantially as described herein with reference to and as illustrated by any appropriate combination of the accompanying drawings.
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
a and 13b illustrate an embodiment of the invention with a port and means to absorb excess sterilising fluid.
a and 14b illustrate an embodiment of the invention incorporating a rectangular shaped limb sealing means.
Use of the Device
In
The patient may conveniently be anaesthetised at this stage.
The operation may now commence. At this stage, or after surgery, the whole device may be removed from the patient's arm by cutting and can be disposed with.
a and 13b illustrate an embodiment of the invention wherein a port, or opening, 31 is provided in the tubular sleeve 2. The port 31 is sealed by the application of a suitable adhesive which is affixed to the sleeve 2 around the port 31 and to which a suitably shaped piece of waxed paper or other material 32 to which the adhesive will form a temporary and reversible bond is affixed. The port 31 thus provides a facility for the introduction of a liquid such as a sterilisation fluid or medicament (as appropriate) through the port, following the insertion of a user's limb into the limb sealing means 11 at the open end 4 of the sleeve 2. The combination of an appropriate adhesive and the waxed paper 32 allows the port 31 to be opened and re-sealed as required.
A block of suitable absorbent material as indicated by 55, such as sponge, may be included in the interior of the sleeve 2 to absorb any excess fluid (or other medicament) which remains once a user has spread the skin sterilisation fluid over a limb. Alternatively the skin sterilisation fluid may be provided in the form of a thixotropic agent which is initially a gel which becomes a liquid when spread on the patient's arm; the re-gelling of the agent then prevents unwanted flow of liquid.
In another embodiment of the invention, the frustoconical member 12, as shown in
Whereas the sleeve 2 of the present embodiment is produced from a transparent material the member 41 is preferably manufactured from a semi-opaque material, such that the member 41 and associated limb sealing means 42 can be easily distinguished from the sleeve 2 thus making it easier for the sleeve to be placed on the limb of a patient.
The limb sealing means 42 may be made of any suitable elastomeric material, although the thermoplastic rubber sold under the trade mark Kraton in sheet form has been found to be particularly suitable for this purpose. Kraton® is a polymer which while retaining elastic properties when stretched, does not rapidly return to its original shape. The material sold under the trade mark Elastoflex is also suitable. Thus when the limb sealing means 42 is stretched by a user inserting a limb, a seal is formed around the limb by the Kraton® but it is not a tight seal that would otherwise act as a tourniquet and so the limb sealing means provided adapt to fit limbs of differing circumference without the need to cut sections from the device.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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0403648.9 | Feb 2004 | GB | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/GB2005/000561 | 2/17/2005 | WO | 00 | 8/27/2008 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2005/079691 | 9/1/2005 | WO | A |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20110125112 A1 | May 2011 | US |