1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a medical training apparatus and in particular to a medical training apparatus with which training is performed under a medical training scenario.
2. Description of the Background Art
For the purpose of improving medical procedures performed by health care workers, various medical training apparatuses have been developed. For example, International Patent Publication No. WO2008/023464 (Patent Document 1) discloses a medical training apparatus that captures checking signals regarding an examination table or medical instruments and comprehends the contents of a medical procedure from those checking signals to output them as the reaction of a model patient, such as movements and/or facial expressions. The medical training apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 enables a trainee to sense the behavior of a model patient, such as facial expressions and/or movements, during the course of treatment. The medical training apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes a storage unit that stores checking signals that represent the conditions of medical instruments and the situation during consultation, and a training-result evaluation means that outputs an evaluation result based on previously stored criteria for evaluation; the storage unit and the training-result evaluation means enable proper correction and analysis of a medical procedure.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-185400 (Patent Document 2) discloses a medical training apparatus that includes a target body part on which a medical procedure is performed in a simulated setting, a soft material that is elastically deformable by a force acting on the perimeter of the target body part, a reflection type photointerrupter (sensor) that measures the state of a quantity that varies depending on the amount of deformation of the soft material, and a technique evaluation device that calculates an evaluation value for a technique for conducting a medical procedure from the measurement value obtained by the sensor, using an evaluation function parameter. The medical training apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 2 is capable of independently performing objective and quantitative evaluation of a technique for conducting a medical procedure.
However, when medical training is performed under a medical training scenario in which movements and verbal communications during the course of a training session are described in a time sequence, the apparatuses disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not store history information that has been associated with either the actions of a trainee who has performed the training or the records or the like of the training apparatus that have been stored at that time; it was thus difficult to review later on the relationship between a training session and its evaluation made at that time.
Trainees could not also review an evaluation that corresponds to each scene in their own training records, so that even if they reviewed their training records, it was not easy to grasp what part of the training session must be improved; such training records were thus not useful information.
An object of the present invention is to provide a medical training apparatus that is capable of recording a training history based on a medical training scenario and storing a training evaluation that corresponds to the training history.
In order to solve the above problems, a medical training apparatus according to a first aspect includes a training-history-information storage unit that stores history information about a training session that has been performed under a preset medical training scenario; an evaluation input unit that inputs an evaluation result for either the training session or the history information that has been stored in the training-history-information storage unit, with respect to a predetermined evaluation item for each predetermined matter; an operation unit that performs an arithmetic operation on the evaluation result that has been input with the evaluation input unit; and a training-evaluation-information storage unit that stores a result of the operation unit and the evaluation result in association with the history information.
With this apparatus, since the training-evaluation-information storage unit stores the result of the operation unit and the evaluation result in association with the history information, which evaluation result corresponds to which part of a training session is obvious. It is thus possible to review evaluation results after training and for a trainee to easily grasp what part of a training session must be improved. In addition, since the evaluation input unit is configured to input an evaluation result with respect to a predetermined evaluation item for each predetermined matter, it is possible to reduce variations in evaluation results from among those of each training or from among those of each evaluator and thereby to make an objective evaluation.
A medical training apparatus according to a second aspect further includes a display unit that displays at least any one of the history information, the result of the operation unit, and the evaluation result.
This apparatus enables the history information, the result of the operation unit, and the evaluation result to be checked with ease.
A medical training apparatus according to a third aspect further includes an image capturing unit that captures an image of the training session, wherein the training-history-information storage unit stores history information that includes an image of the training session that has been captured by the image capturing unit.
With this apparatus, the history information including visual information makes it easier to grasp a training session.
A medical training apparatus according to a fourth aspect includes the image capturing unit that is configured so as to be capable of capturing images of the training session from a plurality of angles.
With this apparatus, history information including diversified image information makes it easier to grasp a training session.
A medical training apparatus according to a fifth aspect further includes an imitation patient body including a drive unit that produces motion of at least a mouth and eyes, and a detection unit provided at a tooth in an oral cavity and/or a jaw; wherein the training-history-information storage unit stores history information that includes a drive history of the drive unit and a detection history of the detection unit.
This apparatus enables the condition of a patient to be obtained from the imitation patient body and to be stored as history information.
In a medical training apparatus according to a sixth aspect, the imitation patient body is configured so as to produce a facial expression or movement depending on the evaluation result.
This apparatus enables a trainee to perform training in a situation similar to actual medical practice.
In a medical training apparatus according to a seventh aspect, the imitation patient body is configured so as to vary a facial expression or movement by driving of the drive unit with an input unit.
This apparatus enables a trainee or an evaluator to train their decision-making or management skills when encountering an unexpected situation.
In a medical training apparatus according to an eighth aspect, the evaluation input unit is configured so as to be capable of inputting an evaluation result with respect to the predetermined evaluation item by selecting the predetermined evaluation item from among a plurality of preset options.
This apparatus enables a more objective evaluation of a training session and enables more quantitative and statistical processing of an evaluation result.
In a medical training apparatus according to a ninth aspect, the evaluation input unit is configured so as to be capable of inputting a comment for each evaluation result with respect to the predetermined evaluation item.
This apparatus enables an evaluator to store the point that he or she has noticed about a training session, in association with each evaluation item.
In a medical training apparatus according to a tenth aspect, the evaluation input unit includes a plurality of evaluation input units; and the operation unit is configured so as to perform predetermined statistical processing on a plurality of evaluation results that have been input with the evaluation input units.
With this apparatus, a plurality of evaluators can evaluate the training at the same time, and a variety of information can be obtained from a plurality of evaluation results that have been subjected to statistical processing.
In a medical training apparatus according to an eleventh aspect, the operation unit is configured so as to perform predetermined statistical processing that includes a process for determining whether or not variations in the plurality of evaluation results are within a predetermined range.
This apparatus increases the accuracy of an evaluation by detecting an abnormal value that is unnecessary for the evaluation results.
A medical training apparatus according to a twelfth aspect further includes a measurement equipment evaluation input unit that inputs a measurement result based on the training session, wherein the training-evaluation-information storage unit stores the evaluation result that includes the measurement result for the measurement equipment evaluation input unit in association with the history information.
This apparatus acquires much more information and evaluation results that are useful for a training session.
A medical training apparatus according to a thirteenth aspect further includes a voice processing unit that processes a voice based on the training session and supplies information about the voice that has been processed to either the training-history-information storage unit or the operation unit.
This apparatus enables the voice input of a comment for each evaluation result or for each item, and also enables the evaluation of verbal communication during the course of a training session.
A medical training apparatus according to a fourteenth aspect includes a configuration that can be used for the self-learning by a trainee by calling up at least any one or more of the evaluation result, the result of the operation unit, and the history information that has been associated with either the evaluation result or the result of the operation unit.
This apparatus enables a trainee to independently perform a training session with this apparatus.
A medical training apparatus according to a fifteenth aspect includes a configuration that enables training of an evaluator by calling up at least any one or more of the evaluation result, the result of the operation unit, and the history information that has been associated with either the evaluation result or the result of the operation unit and then inputting a new evaluation result with the evaluation input unit.
This apparatus enables an evaluator to evaluate the training with this apparatus.
Note that the term “evaluator” as used herein refers to all persons who perform an evaluation action using the present invention. Thus, an evaluator who evaluates the training is not limited to a person such as an instructor or a professor, but also includes a person such as a trainee or a student who has received guidance.
These and the other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The instrument table 1 includes an instrument holder 1b that is provided on this side of a table 1a that is rotatably attached to the examination table 3 with an arm (not shown). Medical instruments 11a to 11e such as cutting tools (e.g., an air turbine handpiece, a micromotor handpiece), a scaler, a three-way syringe, and a vacuum syringe are detachably attached to the instrument holder 1b. The instrument table 1 is also provided with a display unit 5 that is located above the table 1a. With the display unit 5, a medical chart for a patient can be called up and displayed, or information as to training, such as content regarding the operation of medical instruments during the course of training, can be monitored. The medical instruments may include, in addition to the medical instruments 11a to 11e illustrated in
The medical instruments 11a to 11e may be configured so as to be capable of being driven upon detection of their removal from the instrument holder 1b, or driven upon detection of the operation of the foot controller 12a, or driven upon detection of the operation of operation units that are provided within the medical instruments. The instrument holder 1b may not necessarily be mounted on the instrument table 1 as illustrated in
The imitation patient body 2 includes a head model 2a, a body model 2b, right and left arm models 2c, and right and left leg models 2d. The imitation patient body 2 is provided with a built-in imitation-patient-body driving circuit (cf. the functional block diagram of
The examination table 3 includes a seat 3a that is mounted on a base 30 so as to be movable up and down, a tiltable backseat 3b that is connected to the rear side of the seat 3a, and a tiltable headrest 3c that is connected to the top end of the backseat 3b. In order to adjust it to an optimum position depending on the medical situation, the examination table 3 includes a seat-elevating unit, a backseat-tilting unit, and a headrest-tilting unit (all of which are not shown) that operate under the control of the foot controller 12a. Such a seat-elevating unit and a backseat-tilting unit may be hydraulic cylinders or electric motors, etc. as used in conventional techniques, and such a headrest-tilting unit may be an electric motor, etc.
The examination table 3 is also provided with an additional stand pole 6 for treatment. This stand pole branches on the way and includes arms 61 and 62 that extend rotatably. The arm 61 is provided with an astral lamp 63, and the arm 62 is provided with an image pickup camera 64 (image capturing unit) that captures the handling of the medical instruments 11a to 11e by a trainee, the movements of the trainee, changes in the posture, movements, and facial expressions of the imitation patient body 2, and so on; and a microphone 65 for collecting verbal communication or the like during treatment. The microphone may be placed in the vicinity of an ear or shoulder of the imitation patient body in order to reproduce a situation close to the actual medical situation, or it may be placed at any other position, such as on the examination table. Note that a spittoon 3d that includes a water tap for supplying water for use in rinsing the mouth and a cuspidor bowl is provided in the vicinity of the examination table 3.
The information processor 4 is a workstation, for example, and includes a PC body 41, a display unit 42 such as an LCD monitor, an operation unit 43 such as a keyboard or a mouse, etc., and an evaluation input unit 44 with which an evaluator who evaluates the training inputs his or her evaluation result. There may be a plurality of evaluation input units 44. With a plurality of evaluation input units 44, a plurality of evaluators can perform evaluations at the same time. In the exemplary example of
The display unit 42 displays a variety of information as GUI information and accepts various instructions that have been input through the operation unit 43 such as a keyboard or a mouse by referring to the display. The display unit 42 displays the situation of a consultation with the imitation patient body 2 during training, the situation of evaluations, and the like; upon request, it is capable of displaying necessary information at any time. The imitation patient body 2 may be actuated by the PC body 41 storing and executing a specific program. In particular, a training instructor can manipulate the facial expressions or movements of the imitation patient body 2 with the operation unit 43 or the like while comprehending the situation of a trainee. Alternatively, any of various sensors built in various parts of the imitation patient body 2 may be called up in order to display detection signals on the monitor.
At the shoulder portion of the backseat 3b, a system shutdown control switch 7 is provided. This system shutdown control switch 7 is an emergency shutdown switch that stops the whole system (the imitation patient body 2, the examination table 3, the medical instruments 11a to 11e, and the like) when at least either the imitation patient body 2 or the examination table 3 malfunctions. This system shutdown control switch 7 may preferably be placed at the shoulder portion of the backseat 3b because of the ease of operation by a trainee, but its position may appropriately be selected and determined in consideration of accessibility for a trainee; for example, it may be placed in the vicinity of the instrument table 1 or in the vicinity of the headrest 3c. The target to be stopped may preferably be the whole system; safety can be ensured as long as at least the operations of the imitation patient body 2 and the examination table 3 are stopped.
An imitation-patient-body power-reduction control switch 8 that drives an imitation-patient-body power reducing portion is provided at the neck portion of the imitation patient body 2. This imitation-patient-body power-reduction control switch 8 is a switch that accepts the operation for releasing all or part of the operating pressures (e.g., an air pressure, a fluid pressure) that serves as working media (e.g., air, water, oil) in order to drive the imitation-patient-body power reducing portion. An open nozzle (not shown) is provided at some point in a driving system (duct line system) of such working media; the open nozzle is opened by the operation of the imitation-patient-body power-reduction control switch 8 so as to discharge the working media out of the system. This imitation-patient-body power-reduction control switch 8 may preferably be provided at the neck portion of the imitation patient body 2 in terms of accessibility for a trainee, but as described above, its position may appropriately be selected and determined in consideration of accessibility for a trainee; for example, it may be placed at a temporal region of the imitation patient body 2, in the vicinity of the instrument table 1, or in the vicinity of the headrest 3. Alternatively, the imitation-patient-body power-reduction control switch 8 may be combined with the system-shutdown control switch 7 described above and may be used for both system shutdown and subsequent power reduction of the imitation patient body 2.
The medical training apparatus according to the present invention can be implemented as illustrated in the schematic diagram of each device of the medical training apparatus illustrated in
The storage unit 101 may be implemented by a storage device included in the PC body 41 or an external storage device unit connected to the PC body 41. The storage unit 101 includes a training-history-information storage unit 101a and a training-evaluation-information storage unit 101b; they may be implemented by either a single storage device or separate storage devices. In the present example, the training-history-information storage unit 101a stores history information (training history) about a training session performed based on a preset medical training scenario. Note that the term “medical training scenario” as used herein refers to information that organizes basic actions and verbal communications of a trainee or both a trainee and a patient during the course of medical training in a time sequence. Since the history information (training history) about a training session includes an actual training session that has been performed under such a medical training scenario, it also includes, in addition to the information about a medical training scenario, the actions and verbal communications of a trainee or both a trainee and a patient. The training-evaluation-information storage unit 101b stores the evaluation results that have been input with the evaluation input unit 110 or the like and results that have been obtained by the operation unit 100, in association with the history information.
The input unit 102, which may be implemented by the operation unit 43 or the like illustrated in
The voice processing unit 103 performs voice recognition processing or the like, i.e., recognizes the verbal communications of a trainee that have been input through the microphone 65. Although not included in a preset medical training scenario, voice data or the like that has been input through the above-described PC microphone for a third party (not shown) and used as a verbal communication of the imitation patient body 2 through the patient body or the like may also be subjected to voice recognition processing and stored as training history information in the training-history-information storage unit 101a. The image capturing unit 104 may be implemented by the image pickup camera 64 illustrated in
The voice output unit 106, which may be implemented by a speaker or the like (not shown) that is provided on the PC body 41 or the imitation patient body 2 illustrated in
The measurement equipment evaluation input unit 111 is used to input the results of measurement by external measurement equipment or the like, other than the evaluation results that has been input by an evaluator. For example, the evaluation results obtained by a predetermined measuring device evaluating a subject of evaluation that has been produced by training (e.g., a tooth cut during training) is input into the operation unit 100. The operation unit 100 also stores the measurement results and/or the evaluation results that have been input with the measurement equipment evaluation input unit 111 in the training-evaluation-information storage unit 101b, together with the other evaluation results. As described above, the medical training apparatus according to the present preferred embodiment is configured of the functional blocks illustrated in
For example, the configuration may be either such that processing, such as generating history information about a training session or generating training evaluation information that associates the results of operation unit and the evaluation results with the history information, is performed by the operation unit 100 and only information (data) about the result of that processing is stored in the storage unit 101; or such that such processing is performed by the training-history-information storage unit 101a and the training-evaluation-information storage unit 101b that are included in the storage unit 101. While the medical equipment circuit 108 is directly connected to the operation unit 100 in
Next, the operations of the medical training apparatus according to the present preferred embodiment will be described with reference to the flow chart of
First, a medical training scenario used in the medical training apparatus according to the present preferred embodiment is created and registered in step S10 in
Then, in step S11, the medical training scenarios stored in the storage device are read by the operation unit 100 illustrated in
On the other hand, the term “evaluation mode” as used herein refers to an operation mode in which an evaluator inputs his or her evaluation result for a training session performed with the medical training apparatus. Note that, in the medical training apparatus according to the present preferred embodiment, the evaluation mode has two options: the option of evaluating a real-time training session and the option of reproducing history information (training history) about a training session and evaluating the training session; either option is selected with a radio button illustrated in
In step S14, the selected mode is determined. When the self-learning mode is selected in step S13, the process goes to step S15, whereas when the evaluation mode is selected in step S13, the process goes to step S21. In step S15, a trainee performs training based on the medical training scenario selected in step S12. Note that, in this step or in the self-learning mode, there is no evaluator who performs a manual evaluation. In step S16, a training history of the training session that has been performed under the medical training scenario is obtained with the image pickup camera 64 and the microphone 65 illustrated in
Then, in step S17, the training history obtained in step S16 is associated with the results of evaluation by the apparatus, or the like, which are obtained when “Apparatus Evaluation” is selected from the mode selection menu in
In the case of evaluating a training session in the evaluation mode, it is first necessary to create and register evaluation item data in step S20. Here, since the evaluation of a training session is performed with respect to different evaluation items for each predetermined matter (e.g., a medical training scenario for impression taking or for oral examination, etc., verbal communications or movements defined in a medical training scenario), evaluation items are set for each matter on an evaluation-item input screen illustrated in
A score system, in which a score is recorded when an evaluator presses each evaluation input unit of the evaluation input device illustrated in
Next, in step S21, an evaluation by an evaluator with respect to a predetermined evaluation item is accepted based on the training history of a real-time training session or the reproduced training history of a previously performed training session. Note that such an evaluation may employ either a summation or subtraction method. The method of evaluation is not particularly limited as long as it can support diverse clinical needs. If an evaluator performs an evaluation while directly observing a training session, a simple evaluation input device such as illustrated in
The evaluation input unit 110 (44) illustrated in
Moreover, the configuration of the evaluation input unit 110 is not limited to those illustrated in
Next, in step S22, the training history and the evaluation results by each evaluator are displayed as illustrated in
The screen h4 that displays the result of evaluation by an evaluator displays the elapsed training time, the training history based on the medical training scenario, and the result of evaluation by an evaluator. In the present example, the training history displayed on the screen that displays evaluation results by evaluators is only some of the pieces of information that have been obtained by converting verbal communications or images into text form; however, the training history stored in the training-history-information storage unit 101a according to the present preferred embodiment also includes every piece of information that has been obtained from a training session, such as an image captured by the image pickup camera 64, the drive history of the imitation patient body 2, and the output of each sensor. However, the training history according to the present invention does not necessarily include every piece of information such as an image captured by the image pickup camera 64 and the output of each sensor; it may only include at least such history information that enables reproduction of a training session that has been performed based on a preset medical training scenario.
On the display screen illustrated in
Next, in step S23, the training-evaluation-information storage unit 101b stores the evaluation results in association with the training history. The association between the training history and the evaluation results is considered to be established using the elapsed training time as a key as illustrated in
Now, the following exemplary scoring is considered for evaluation results that have been obtained through automatic evaluation by the medical training apparatus.
In the case where the selected medical training scenario is impression taking and the target evaluation movement is an impression taking technique, a criterion for evaluation shall be whether an overflow detection sensor that detects overflow into a soft palate provided in the imitation patient body 2 has reacted or not. Specifically, when a sensor for detecting a low amount of overflow has reacted, one demerit point is allocated; when a sensor for detecting a large amount of overflow has reacted, three demerit points are allocated; and when the overflow detection sensor has not reacted, one merit point is allocated.
In the case where the selected medical training scenario is formation and the target evaluation movement is cavity preparation, a criterion for evaluation shall be whether a sensor for detecting arrival at the dental pulp provided in the imitation patient body 2 has reacted or not. Specifically, when a shallow sensor for detecting arrival at the dental pulp has reacted, one demerit point is allocated; and when a deep sensor for detecting arrival at the dental pulp has reacted, three demerit points are allocated.
In the case where the selected medical training scenario is formation and the target evaluation movement is instrument handling, a criterion for evaluation shall be whether a front-tooth shock detection sensor provided in the imitation patient body 2 has reacted or not. Specifically, when the front-tooth shock detection sensor has reacted, one demerit point is allocated; and when the front-tooth shock detection sensor has not reacted, one merit point is allocated.
In the case where the selected medical training scenario is formation and the target evaluation movement is talking, the criteria for evaluation shall be the presence or absence of talking, such as “Are you all right?”, with the imitation patient body 2 and whether each detection sensor has reacted or not. Specifically, when the trainee's conversation has been recognized through voice recognition by the voice processing unit 103 and none of the sensors has reacted, the imitation patient body 2 is considered as having answered “Yes” and one merit point is allocated. When the trainee's talking has been recognized but any detection sensor has reacted, the imitation patient body 2 is considered as having said some words regarding pain and three demerit points are allocated. When the trainee's talking has not been recognized due to a low voice or the like, one demerit point is allocated.
In the case where the selected medical training scenario is formation and the target evaluation movement is posture, a criterion for evaluation shall be whether cheek and chest contact detection sensors provided in the imitation patient body 2 have reacted or not. Specifically, when either the cheek or chest contact detection sensor has reacted, one demerit point is allocated; when either the cheek or chest contact detection sensor has reacted for a predetermined period of time, three demerit points are allocated; and when both the cheek and chest contact detection sensors have not reacted, neither a merit nor a demerit point is allocated.
In the case where the selected medical training scenario is formation and the target evaluation movement is saliva suction or the like, a criterion for evaluation shall be a numerical value of a liquid measurement sensor or the like provided in the oral cavity of the imitation patient body 2. Specifically, when the value of the liquid measurement sensor is between 0 and X cc, one demerit point is allocated; when the value of the liquid measurement sensor is between X and Y cc, one merit point is allocated; when the value of the liquid measurement sensor is between Y and Z cc, neither merit nor demerit point is allocated; and when the value of the liquid measurement sensor is Z cc or higher, two demerit points are allocated (X<y<Z).
In the case where the selected medical training scenario is formation and the target evaluation movement is correctness in the forming of an object, a criterion for evaluation shall be whether any shock detection sensor provided in a region of the imitation patient body 2 other than the region of the formation has reacted or not. Specifically, when any shock detection sensor provided in a region other than the region of the object to be formed (e.g., a tooth or any region in the oral cavity) has reacted, three demerit points are allocated; and when none of the shock detection sensors provided in a region other than the region of the object to be formed has reacted, neither merit nor demerit point is allocated.
In the case where the selected medical training scenario is formation and the target evaluation movement is a continuous mouth-opening time, a criterion for evaluation shall be the continuous mouth-opening time detected by a mouth-opening detection sensor provided in the imitation patient body 2. Specifically, when the continuous mouth-opening time detected by the mouth-opening detection sensor is between X and Y seconds, one demerit point is allocated; and when the continuous mouth-opening time detected by the mouth-opening detection sensor is Y seconds or longer, two demerit points are allocated (X<Y).
In the case where the selected medical training scenario is anesthesia and the target evaluation movement is injection, a criterion for evaluation shall be whether sensors for detecting the arrival of the upper and lower jawbone provided in the imitation patient body 2 have reacted or not. Specifically, when either or both of the sensors for detecting the arrival of the upper and lower jawbone have reacted, one demerit point is allocated; and when neither of the sensors for detecting the arrival of the upper or lower jawbone have reacted, one merit point is allocated.
In the case where the selected medical training scenario is anesthesia and the target evaluation movement is talking, criteria for evaluation shall be the presence or absence of talking, such as “Has the anesthesia started working?”, to the imitation patient body 2 and whether a detection sensor has reacted or not. Specifically, when the trainee's talking has been recognized through voice recognition by the voice processing unit 103 after a predetermined time has elapsed since the detection sensor detected the application of anesthesia, the imitation patient body 2 is recognized as having answered “Yes” and one merit point is allocated. When the trainee's talking has been recognized before a predetermined time has elapsed since the detection sensor detected the application of the anesthesia, the imitation patient body 2 is recognized as having answered “No” and three demerit points are allocated. When the trainee's talking has not been recognized due to a low voice or the like, one demerit point is allocated.
While the aforementioned criteria for evaluation includes whether a detection sensor provided in the imitation patient body 2 has reacted or not, the present invention is not limited thereto; and evaluations may be made by the speed of the reaction of a trainee to a certain action on the basis of a time base, or by comparing an exemplary reference value of a certain medical procedure and an actual value based on a previously created judgment scale of the values (time/quantity) for the apparatus or the like.
Note that the above-described evaluations are only examples; evaluation items with respect to which objective evaluations are made based on a predetermined criterion for evaluation may be set for each medical training scenario.
In addition, one considerable example of the results of measurement using external measurement equipment is the results obtained by measuring the shape of a cut tooth, for example, with three-dimensional measurement equipment and then determining whether the shape is a desired shape or not. As another alternative, the configuration may also be such that data that has been measured using external measurement equipment is transmitted to and evaluated by the operation unit 100.
Next, in step S24, the evaluation results are subjected to predetermined statistical processing to be totaled in the operation unit 100. The total result obtained in step S24 is then displayed on the display unit 105 in step S25.
While the statistical processing illustrated in
Next, in step S17, the training history that has been stored in association with the actual evaluation results in step S23 and the result that has been obtained by totaling the evaluation results in step S24 are associated with each other and stored in the storage unit 101 (the training-evaluation-information storage unit 101b). In step S18, it is possible to input an evaluation comment into the training history or each evaluation result or to display a current input comment or a previous input evaluation comment. Specifically, such input of an evaluation comment will be described with reference to
Moreover, in step S19, a training history or the like that has been stored in step S17 is reproduced for the purpose of reviewing evaluation results, outputting evaluation results, or the like. By reproducing at least part of the training history in this way, a configuration that enables a trainee to perform self-learning training can be achieved. In addition, such a configuration may be used for any other purpose related to training; it may be used for a review of the contents of the evaluation, for example. While the output of evaluation results are implemented by the display unit 105, examples of the display unit 105 also include, in addition to the display unit 42 or 5 such as an LCD monitor illustrated in
As described above, the medical training apparatus according to the present preferred embodiment enables an evaluator to perform evaluation training, utilizing the evaluation mode of reproducing an already stored training history or the like. When an evaluator performs such evaluation training, i.e., when “Evaluation Mode,” “Reproduction,” and “Manual” have been selected from the mode selection menu in
In the medical training apparatus according to the first preferred embodiment, an image (cf.
However, there are limitations for an evaluator in evaluating training on the basis of a training history that has stored only images of the imitation patient body 2 captured from above. In other words, in some cases there may be a portion that cannot be evaluated with only images of the imitation patient body 2 that have been captured from above.
Thus, the medical training apparatus according to the present preferred embodiment is provided with, in addition to a camera that captures an image of the imitation patient body 2 from above, at least one more camera that captures an image from a different angle. The medical training apparatus according to the present preferred embodiment stores an image of the imitation patient body 2 captured from above and an image thereof captured from a different angle as a training history. Each camera for use in image capturing may preferably have wide-angle and zooming capabilities.
More specifically, the medical training apparatus according to the present preferred embodiment provides a display screen as illustrated in
As described above, the medical training apparatus according to the present preferred embodiment enables a proper evaluation of a training session by also using an image captured from a different angle to observe an evaluating portion that cannot be checked with only an image of the imitation patient body 2 captured from above. In other words, this apparatus provides a situation close to a situation where a training session is performed in front of an evaluator, so that an evaluator can make a better evaluation while observing images captured from a plurality of angles. This may make it possible to separate a training session and an evaluator's evaluation of the training session both temporally and spatially, thereby increasing environmental flexibility when an evaluator performs training evaluations.
While, in the example of
While the first and second preferred embodiments described above explained the case of performing training using the imitation patient body 2 as a patient, the present invention is not limited thereto; for example, a real person such as a real consulting patient or another trainee may be used as a patient. However, if a real person is used as a patient, the signals of various sensors provided in the imitation patient body 2 cannot be stored as a training history. In addition, if the medical training apparatus according to the present invention is adopted in the case of using an actual person as a patient, this apparatus can also be used as an evaluation apparatus for evaluating an actual medical procedure.
Specifically, when an actual medical procedure is performed on a real patient, the medical training apparatus according to the present invention enables an evaluator to determine whether or not the medical procedure has been conducted according to a clinical procedure that corresponds to a medical training scenario. Here, the contents of a clinical procedure are basically equivalent to a medical training scenario; the difference is only in that the clinical procedure is not so minutely defined as compared to the training scenario. Also, there are basically not so many differences between the evaluation items used for training and the evaluation items used for an actual medical procedure. Regarding stored history information, the training content is simply replaced by content based on an actual medical procedure. Thus, the medical training apparatus according to the present invention is also capable of judging and evaluating information obtained from an actual medical procedure, depending on the contents that can be visually checked by an evaluator or depending on items such as talking that can be assessed using a voice processing unit or any other item that can be assessed with the sensors provided on an examination table, the medical instruments, and the like. Note that, if a common examination table that may be used for an actual medical procedure is employed in the medical training apparatus according to the present invention, the apparatus can more easily be used to evaluate a medical procedure.
In the medical training apparatus M according to the present invention, the target evaluation movements include “talking” and some exemplary examples described above disclose the case for evaluating a trainee talking to a patient (the imitation patient body 2); however, the evaluation of “talking” is not limited to such trainee-led verbal communication. Alternatively, the trainee's actions in dealing with patient-led verbal communication (verbal communication under the initiative of the imitation patient body 2) may be evaluated. When the evaluation of “talking” is performed with the medical training apparatus M, evaluation targets may be the voluntary action of a trainee in talking to a patient (the imitation patient body 2) and a trainee's actions in dealing with a patient's (imitation patient body 2) voluntary action of talking to the trainee. For example, when the imitation patient body 2 talks to a trainee during training, for example, asking questions, expressing his or her own wishes, or discussing something such as “Are you going to cut a tooth?”, “Is it going to hurt?”, “How much longer will it take?”, “Can I rinse my mouth?”, “Doctor, I'm not feeling very well”, evaluations can be performed based on the trainee's reaction to such a situation, such as how the trainee has answered to the patient or what action the trainee took. Since such an unexpected situation for a trainee is naturally expected to occur during an actual medical procedure, this apparatus configuration is good for effective training. Note that such a matter as a patient's (the imitation patient body 2) voluntary verbal communication may be included in a medical training scenario in advance; or instead of being included in a medical training scenario, it may be added by a third party operating the operation input unit 102 (e.g., the operation unit 43 illustrated in
Note that, since the medical training apparatus M according to the present invention is configured to have various capabilities as described above, it may preferably have a demonstration capability of giving a user (e.g., a trainee, an evaluator, or a third party who exercises control) explanations of the configuration of a product that include an explanation of the specification of each component and an explanation of the movements of the imitation patient body 2. By using image information on the display screen and voice information such as narration and by actually reproducing the movements of the imitation patient body 2, the demonstration capability provides guidance on, for example, information about the specification of each unit of the apparatus or usage of each unit, such as the function of a GUI displayed on the display unit 42 in a PC, a method for using a medical care unit that includes the instrument table 1 and the like, the specification of and the method for handling each component of the imitation patient body 2, countermeasures using an emergency shutdown switch or the like in an emergency, and the method for operating the evaluation input unit 44. In addition to this, in order to show how a GUI on the screen of the display unit 42, the imitation patient body 2, and the like will operate in an actual training situation, the actions of the training apparatus M can be demonstrated to a user by performing simulated training that has been recorded in the storage unit 101 or the like. The medical training apparatus M with such a demonstration capability as described above enables a user such as a trainee, an evaluator, or a third party who exercises control to use this apparatus with a thorough understanding of the apparatus's capabilities. This is desirable because a user who uses this apparatus for training can perform training more effectively while making the most of the apparatus's high capabilities.
While the preferred embodiments have been described so far, the present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above and various variations are possible. For example, the above-described preferred embodiments have described that the operation unit 100 that operates according to a program can be implemented using software. However, some or all of the functions of those functional blocks may be configured with a dedicated logic circuit and can be implemented using hardware.
Moreover, the steps described in the above-described preferred embodiments are only illustrative and not limited to the order or the contents described herein. In other words, the order or the like may be changed as appropriate if similar effects can be achieved.
While the invention has been shown and described in detail, the foregoing description is in all aspects illustrative and not restrictive. It is therefore understood that numerous modifications and variations can be devised without departing from the scope of the invention.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2008-196023 | Jul 2008 | JP | national |
2009-158567 | Jul 2009 | JP | national |