Saunders, C. et al., "Radiation Effects on Microorganisms and Polymers for Medical Products," Medical Device & Diagnostic Industry, pp. 89-92, 222 (1993). |
Streicher, R., Investigation on Sterilization and Modification of High Molecular Weight Polyethylenes by Ionizing Irradiation, reprint from beta-gamma Jan. 1989. |
Kang et al., The Radiation Chemistry of Polyethylene. IX. Temperature Coefficient of Cross-Linking and Other Effects, J. of Amer Chem Society 89(9):1980-1986 (1967). |
Grobbelaar et al., The Radiation Improvement of Polyethylene Prostheses, J. of Bone and Joint Surgery, vol. 60-B, No. 3, 370-374 (1978). |
Nusbaum, H. and R. Rose, The Effects of Radiation Sterilization on the Properties of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene, J. of Biomed Material Research, vol. 13, 557-576 (1979). |
Rose et al., Radiation Sterilization and the Wear Rate of Polyethylene, J. of Orthopaedic Research Society 2(4):393-400 (1984). |
Oonishi, H. et al., Super Low Wear Cross-Linked UHMWPE by Heavy High-Dose Gamma Radiation, WPOA 2nd Congree of Hip Section, p. 61, 1996. |
Jahan et al., J. of Biomed Material Research, vol. 25, 1005-1016 (1991). |
Standard Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facility for Radiation Processing at Energies Between 300 keV and 25 keV, Am Soc for Testing and Materials, Designation: E1649-94, 870-888, 1995. |
Dijkstra, D. et al., Cross-linking of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene in the melt by means of electron beam irradiation, Polymer 30:866-873, 1989. |
Oonishi, H. et al., Improvement of polyethylene by irradiation in artificial joints, Radia. Phys Chem, vol 39, No. 6, 495-504, 1992. |
Oonishi, H. and Y. Takayama, The low wear of cross-linked polyethylene socket in total hip prostheses, Encyclopedic Handbook of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, vol. 2, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1853-1868, 1995. |
Gielenz, G. and B.-J. Jungnickel, Crystalline and supermolecular structures in linear polyethylene irradiated with fast electrons, Colloid & Polymer Sci. 260:742-753 (1982). |
Atkinson, J., Silane Cross-Linked HDPE for Prosthetic Applications, Polymers in Medicine and Surgery, Conf. held by Plastics and Rubber Institute and Biological Engineering Soc., UK, Sep., 1986, P4/1-P4/9. |
Jones, W. and W. Hady, Effect of y Irradiation on the Friction and Wear of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene, Wear 70:77-92 (1981). |
Gent, A. and V. Vickroy, Jr., Elastic Behavior, Birefringence, and Swelling of Amorphous Polyethylene Networks, J. of Polymer Sci 5:47-60 (1967). |
Zoepfl, F. et al., Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies of Irradiated Polyethylene:I. Melting Temperatures and Fusion Endotherms, J. Polymer Sci Polym. Chem. Ed. 22:2017-2032 (1984). |
Zoepfl, F. et al., Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies of Irradiated Polyethylene:II. The Effect of Oxygen, J. Polymer Sci Polym. Chem. Ed. 22:2032-2045 (1984). |
Mandelkern, L. et al., Fusion of Polymer Networks Formed from Linear Polyethylene:Effect of Intermolecular Order: contribution from the General Electric Research Laboratory and from the Polymer Structure Section, National Bureau of Standards 82:46-53 (1960). |
du Plessis, T.A. et al., The Improvement of Polyethylene Prostheses Through Radiation Crosslinking, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 9:647-652 (1977). |