Patent Application
20250043445
This application relates to a membrane assembly for an electrolyzer cassette.
Power-to-X relates to electricity conversion, energy storage, and reconversion pathways that use surplus electric power, typically during periods where fluctuating renewable energy generation exceeds load.
Electrolyzers are devices that use electricity to drive an electrochemical reaction to break, e.g., water into hydrogen and oxygen. The construction of an electrolyzer is very similar to a battery or fuel cell; it consists of an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte.
The hydrogen produced from an electrolyzer is perfect for use with hydrogen fuel cells. The reactions that take place in an electrolyzer are very similar to the reactions in fuel cells, except the reactions that occur in the anode and cathode are reversed. In a fuel cell, the anode is where hydrogen gas is consumed, and in an electrolyzer, the hydrogen gas is produced at the cathode. A very sustainable system can be formed when the electrical energy needed for the electrolysis reaction comes from renewal energy sources, such as wind or solar energy systems.
Direct current electrolysis (efficiency 80-85% at best) can be used to produce hydrogen which can, in turn, be converted to, e.g., methane (CH4) via methanation, or converting the hydrogen, along with CO2, to methanol, or to other substances.
The energy, such as hydrogen, generated in this manner, e.g. by means of wind turbines, then can be stored for later usage.
Electrolyzers can be configured in a variety of different ways, and are generally divided into two main designs: unipolar and bipolar. The unipolar design typically uses liquid electrolyte (alkaline liquids), and the bipolar design uses a solid polymer electrolyte (proton exchange membranes).
Alkaline water electrolysis has two electrodes operating in a liquid alkaline electrolyte solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). These electrodes are separated by a diaphragm, separating the product gases, oxygen, O2, and hydrogen, H2, and transporting the hydroxide ions (OH−) from one electrode to the other.
Other fuels and fuel cells include phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and all their subcategories as well. Such fuel cells are adaptable for use as an electrolyzer as well.
It is an advantage if the fluid solutions operating in the plant are within given temperatures to optimize the efficiency. It is also an advantage if the plant could be compact and scalable.
It is an object of embodiments of the invention to provide a membrane assembly for an electrolyzer, the electrolyzer being easily producible, efficient and scalable.
According to a first aspect, the invention provides a membrane assembly for an electrolyzer cassette, the membrane assembly comprising:
Thus, according to the first aspect, the invention provides a membrane assembly, i.e. a unit which comprises at least a membrane connected to one or more other parts. Accordingly, the membrane assembly comprises a membrane and a gasket arrangement. The gasket arrangement comprises a first gasket part and a second gasket part. Thus, the membrane assembly according to the first aspect of the invention includes at least three parts, i.e. the membrane, the first gasket part and the second gasket part.
The membrane assembly is for an electrolyzer cassette, i.e. the membrane assembly is configured to be positioned in and form part of an electrolyzer cassette, and the electrolyzer cassette is configured to be stacked with a number of other electrolyzer cassettes to form an electrolyzer. In electrolyzers, anodic electrolyte plates may be arranged adjacent to cathodic electrolyte plates, and a membrane will be arranged between the anodic electrolyte plate and the cathodic electrolyte plate. This allows transport of hydronic ions (H−) from the cathodic electrolyte plate to the anodic electrolyte plate, via the membrane, while keeping the product gases resulting from the electrolysis (e.g. O2 and H2, respectively) separated. The membrane assembly according to the first aspect of the invention may provide such membranes for the electrolyzer.
In the membrane assembly according to the first aspect of the invention, the membrane is arranged between the first gasket part and the second gasket part. Accordingly, gasket parts are arranged on both sides of the membrane, i.e. the membrane is ‘clamped’ between the two gasket parts. This allows the membrane assembly to be connected in a sealing or fluid tight manner towards other parts of the electrolyzer cassette or electrolyzer at both sides of the membrane. Such other parts could, e.g., be electrolyte plates, e.g. in the form of an anodic electrolyte plate and a cathodic electrolyte plate, respectively.
Furthermore, the gasket arrangement comprises a locking arrangement for fixating the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part relative to each other. Thus, the locking arrangement ensures that the membrane remains in position between the first gasket part and the second gasket part, and that the first gasket part and the second gasket part are immovable relative to each other. This allows the membrane assembly, i.e. the membrane with the first gasket part and the second gasket part connected thereto, to be handled as a unit. For instance, when assembling an electrolyzer cassette or an electrolyzer, instead of positioning the membrane and possible gaskets as separate parts in the electrolyzer cassette or electrolyzer, the entire membrane assembly may be positioned in the electrolyzer cassette or electrolyzer. This makes assembling the electrolyzer cassette or electrolyzer easier, and proper sealing towards other parts of the electrolyzer cassette or electrolyzer is ensured. Accordingly, the risk of leaks in the resulting electrolyzer is minimised.
The membrane may be provided with at least one through-going hole, the locking arrangement may comprise at least one locking hole formed on the first gasket part and at least one protruding locking part formed on the second gasket part, and each protruding locking part of the second gasket part may extend through a through-going hole of the membrane and into a locking hole of the first gasket part, thereby fixating the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part relative to each other.
According to this embodiment, the fixation of the membrane and the two gasket parts relative to each other is provided by at least one arrangement, where each arrangement includes a locking hole formed on one of the gasket parts, i.e. the first gasket part, a through-going hole formed in the membrane, and a protruding locking part formed on the other gasket part, i.e. the second gasket part. When the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part are assembled to form the membrane assembly, the locking hole, the through-going hole and the protruding locking part of a given arrangement are aligned, so as to allow the protruding locking part of the second gasket part to extend through the through-going hole of the membrane and into the locking hole of the first gasket part. Thereby the protruding locking part prevents the membrane as well as the first gasket part from moving sideways relative to the second gasket part. Providing two or more such arrangements would further prevent the membrane and the first gasket part from rotating relative to the second gasket part, thereby providing complete fixation of the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part relative to each other.
Connecting the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part to each other by passing a protruding locking part formed at a well-defined position on the second gasket part through a through-going hole formed at a well-defined position of the membrane, and into a locking hole formed at a well-defined position on the first gasket part is a very easy way of fixating the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part relative to each other, at a well-defined relative position.
The locking arrangement may further comprise at least one locking hole formed on the second gasket part and at least one protruding locking part formed on the first gasket part, and each protruding locking part of the first gasket part may extend through a through-going hole of the membrane and into a locking hole of the second gasket part.
This is similar to the embodiment described above, and the remarks set forth in this regard are equally applicable here. However, according to this embodiment, protruding locking parts as well as locking holes are formed on the first gasket as well as on the second gasket part. This provides a firmer connection between the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part.
It is noted that, as an alternative, at least one protruding locking part may be formed on the first gasket part and at least one locking hole may be formed on the second gasket part, while no protruding locking parts are formed on the second gasket part and no locking holes are formed on the first gasket part.
The at least one protruding locking part may comprise an outer part with a larger diameter than a diameter of the corresponding through-going hole of the membrane. According to this embodiment, when the protruding locking part is passed through the through-going hole of the membrane and into the locking hole of the other gasket part, a force needs to be applied in order to cause the outer part of the protruding locking part to pass through the through-going hole of the membrane, due to the larger diameter of the outer part. This ensures that a corresponding force needs to be applied in order to cause the outer part of the protruding locking part to perform a reversed movement, i.e. moving the protruding locking part out of engagement with the locking hole and the through-going hole of the membrane. Accordingly, once the fixating connection between the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part has been formed, it will not be accidentally broken, and it is therefore ensured that the membrane and the gasket parts are firmly fixated to each other.
However, it is still possible to disconnect the membrane assembly by applying the relevant force to move the protruding locking part in the reversed direction through the through-going hole of the membrane. Accordingly, the locking arrangement described above may be regarded as a ‘snap fit’ or a ‘snap lock’.
The first gasket part may be made from a first material and the second gasket part may be made from a second material, and the second material may differ from the first material. For example, the first gasket part may be an ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) gasket and the second gasket part may be a Viton gasket, or vice versa.
The first material and the second material, respectively, may be selected in such a manner that they are each suitable for the environment which the respective side of membrane and the corresponding gasket part is expected to be exposed to. For instance, one side of the membrane may be expected to be exposed to a harsh environment, and therefore the gasket part arranged on this side of the membrane may be made from a material which is able to withstand the harsh environment. On the other hand, the other side of the membrane may not be expected to be exposed to such a harsh environment, and a somewhat cheaper material, which may not be able to withstand a harsh environment, may therefore be selected for the gasket part arranged on this side of the membrane.
The locking arrangement may comprise a plurality of locking parts distributed along a circumference of the membrane. According to this embodiment, the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part are fixated relative to each other at multiple positions along the circumference of the membrane. This provides a stable and firm relative fixation the three parts of the membrane assembly. The locking parts could, e.g., be of the kind comprising a protruding locking part, a locking hole and a through-going hole of the membrane described above.
The first gasket part and the second gasket part may be arranged along a circumference of the membrane. According to this embodiment, the sealing towards adjacent or neighbouring parts of the electrolyzer is provided only along the circumference of the membrane, whereas a centre part of the membrane is exposed, in the sense that it is not covered by the gasket parts. This will allow the membrane to perform its intended function when the membrane assembly is appropriately positioned in an electrolyzer.
The membrane may be formed as a porous foil. This allows for diffusion of the product gases and the transportation of hydroxide ions (OH−) across the membrane.
The membrane may be made from an electrically insulating material, or a non-conducting material. According to this embodiment, electrical shorts between parts of the electrolyzer being arranged adjacent to the membrane are avoided, for instance between electrolyte plates arranged on either side of the membrane, i.e. separated by the membrane.
According to a second aspect, the invention provides an electrolyzer cassette for an electrolyzer, the electrolyzer cassette comprising at least one electrolyte plate and at least one membrane assembly according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the at least one electrolyte plate is arranged adjacent to the at least one membrane assembly in such a manner that the first gasket part or the second gasket part is arranged between the membrane and the electrolyte plate.
Thus, according to the second aspect, the invention provides an electrolyzer cassette comprising at least one electrolyte plate and at least one membrane assembly according to the first aspect of the invention, i.e. a membrane assembly of the kind described above. The remarks set forth above with reference to the first aspect of the invention are therefore equally applicable here. The electrolyte plate may, e.g., be in the form of an anodic electrolyte plate or a cathodic electrolyte plate.
The electrolyte plate and the membrane assembly are arranged adjacent to each other in such a manner that the first gasket part or the second gasket part is arranged between the membrane and the electrolyte plate. Accordingly, the first gasket part or the second gasket part is arranged in abutment with the electrolyte plate, and a sealing connection is therefore provided between the membrane assembly and the electrolyte plate, e.g. by squeezing the membrane assembly and the electrolyte plate together when assembling the electrolyzer cassette. Furthermore, the membrane as well as the sealing towards the electrolyte plate can be positioned accurately relative to the electrolyte plate because the membrane and the gasket arrangement are provided as a single unit in the form of the membrane assembly. Finally, the electrolyte cassette can be easily assembled, due to the preassembled membrane assembly.
The electrolyzer cassette may further comprise at least one cooling plate which allows for cooling of an electrolytic fluid flowing in an electrolyte path along the electrolyte plate. In this case, the electrolyte path may be formed between the at least one electrolyte plate and the at least one cooling plate. For instance, the electrolyzer cassette may comprise two electrolyte plates, in the form of one anodic electrolyte plate and one cathodic electrolyte plate, and two cooling plates. In this case, the plates may be arranged in such a manner that a cooling path is formed between the cooling plates, an anodic electrolyte path is formed between one of the cooling plates and the anodic electrolyte plate, and a cathodic electrolyte path is formed between the other cooling plate and the cathodic electrolyte plate. This allows a cooling fluid flowing in the cooling path to provide cooling to an anodic electrolytic fluid flowing in the anodic electrolyte path as well as to a cathodic electrolytic fluid flowing in the cathodic electrolyte path. Accordingly, a suitable temperature of the anodic electrolytic fluid as well as of the cathodic electrolytic fluid can thereby be obtained. This ensures that the electrolyzer is able to operate in an efficient manner.
The electrolyzer cassette may be stacked with several other electrolyzer cassettes to form an electrolyzer.
The electrolyzer cassette may comprise at least two electrolyte plates, and the at least two electrolyte plates may be arranged adjacent to the at least one membrane assembly in such a manner that the first gasket part is arranged between the membrane and a first electrolyte plate and the second gasket part is arranged between the membrane and a second electrolyte plate.
According to this embodiment, the membrane assembly is arranged between two electrolyte plates, e.g. in the form of an anodic electrolyte plate and a cathodic electrolyte plate. This allows transport of hydronic ions (H−) from the cathodic electrolyte plate to the anodic electrolyte plate, via the membrane, while keeping the product gases resulting from the electrolysis (e.g. O2 and H2, respectively) separated.
The second electrolyte plate may be regarded as forming part of a neighbouring electrolyzer cassette, where the electrolyzer cassettes have been stacked along with several other electrolyzer cassettes in order to form an electrolyzer. In this case the membrane assembly forms an outer boundary of the electrolyzer cassette, and sealing is provided between neighbouring electrolyzer cassettes when these are stacked to form an electrolyzer.
The at least one electrolyte plate may comprise a porous area, the porous area being arranged in contact with the membrane of the at least one membrane assembly. The porous area could, e.g., be formed by openings adapted to pass gas across the electrolyte plate. According to this embodiment, the porous area allows diffusion of product gases and ions through the electrolyte plate and in the entire area of the membrane.
The at least one electrolyte plate may comprise at least one electrolyte fluid inlet for an electrolyte fluid to pass the electrolyte plate, and at least one gas outlet for a gas to pass the electrolyte plate, and the porous area may be formed between the at least one electrolyte fluid inlet and the at least one gas outlet.
When the electrolyzer cassette forms part of an electrolyzer, electrolytic fluid will typically enter an electrolyte fluid path extending along the electrolyte plate, via at least one of the at least one electrolyte fluid inlet, and leave the electrolyte fluid path via at least one of the at least one gas outlet. Since the porous area is formed between the at least one electrolyte fluid inlet and the at least one gas outlet, the electrolytic fluid flowing in the electrolyte fluid path passes the porous area. This allows transport of hydronic ions (H−), e.g. from a cathodic electrolyte plate to an anodic electrolyte plate, via the porous area and the membrane, while keeping the product gases resulting from the electrolysis (e.g. O2 and H2, respectively) separated.
The at least one electrolyte plate may be provided with a groove configured to receive at least a portion of the first gasket part or the second gasket part. According to this embodiment, the first gasket part or the second gasket part can be positioned accurately, and kept firmly in this accurate position, relative to the electrolyte plate. Accordingly, the entire membrane assembly can also be positioned accurately and be firmly kept in the accurate position.
According to a third aspect, the invention provides a method for assembling a membrane assembly for an electrolyzer cassette, the method comprising the steps of:
It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would readily recognise that any feature described in combination with the first aspect of the invention could also be combined with the second or third aspects of the invention, that any feature described in combination with the second aspect of the invention could also be combined with the first or third aspects of the invention, and that any feature described in combination with the third aspect of the invention could also be combined with the first or second aspects of the invention.
Thus, according to the third aspect, the invention provides a method for assembling a membrane assembly for an electrolyzer cassette. The membrane assembly may, e.g., be a membrane assembly according to the first aspect of the invention and/or the electrolyzer cassette may be an electrolyzer cassette according to the second aspect of the invention.
According to the method, a membrane and a gasket arrangement are initially provided. The gasket arrangement comprises a first gasket part, a second gasket part and a locking arrangement. This has already been described above with reference to the first aspect of the invention.
Next, the first gasket part is arranged adjacent to the membrane, at a first side of the membrane, and the second gasket part is arranged adjacent to the membrane, at a second side of the membrane opposite to the first side. Accordingly, the membrane is arranged between the first gasket part and the second gasket part.
Finally, the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part are fixated relative to each other by means of the locking arrangement, so as to form the membrane assembly. As described above with reference to the first aspect of the invention, this ensures that the gasket parts remain accurately and appropriately positioned relative to the membrane, and that the membrane along with the gasket parts can be handled as a single unit when assembling the electrolyzer cassette or the electrolyzer. The remarks set forth above with reference to the first aspect of the invention are equally applicable here.
The step of fixating the first gasket part, the membrane and the second gasket part relative to each other may comprise passing at least one protruding locking part formed on the first gasket part and/or on the second gasket part through at least one through-going hole formed in the membrane and into at least one locking hole formed on the second gasket part and/or on the first gasket part. This has already been described above with reference to the first aspect of the invention.
The detailed description and specific examples, while indicating embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only.
Each cooling plate 2 is patterned, and one side of one of the cooling plates 2 connects to an anodic plate 3a, and the other of the two cooling plates 2, at one side, connects to a cathodic plate 3c. The two cooling plates 2, at their respective other sides, are connected to each other. Thus, the two cooling plates 2 face each other, at one side, and at the other, opposite side, they each face an electrolyte plate 3a, 3c in the form of an anodic plate 3a and a cathodic plate 3c, respectively.
A cooling path 5 is formed between the two connected cooling plates 2, adapted for a cooling fluid to pass from a cooling fluid inlet 7in to a cooling fluid outlet 7out.
Similarly, an anodic electrolyte path 6a is formed between the anodic plate 3a and the connected one of the cooling plates 2, and a cathodic electrolyte path 6c is formed between the cathodic plate 3c and the connected one of the cooling plates 2.
Electrolyte is fed via an anodic electrolyte fluid inlet 8in into the anodic electrolyte path 6a to replace the electrolyte being transferred into gas (e.g. O2), leaving the anodic electrolyte path 6a via an anodic electrolyte gas outlet 8out. Similarly, electrolyte is fed via a cathodic electrolyte fluid inlet 9in into the cathodic electrolyte path 6c to replace the electrolyte within the cathodic electrolyte path 6c being transferred into gas (e.g. H2), leaving the cathodic electrolyte path 6c via a cathodic electrolyte gas outlet 9out.
The cassette 1 is adapted for a thin, porous foil, also referred to as a diaphragm or membrane 4, to be positioned between respectively an anodic plate 3a and a cathodic plate 3c of two connected cassettes 1 (see also
The membrane 4 is electrically insulating, or nonconductive, in order to avoid electrical shorts between the electrolyte plates 3a, 3c.
The membranes 4 may be connected at the outside surfaces of the electrolyte plates 3a, 3c relative to respectively the anodic electrolyte path 6a and cathodic electrolyte path 6c, and may be fixed by a clip-on gasket to be described in more detail later.
An electrolyte solution, e.g. potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is fed to the anodic electrolyte path 6a via the anodic electrolyte fluid inlet 8in, and to the cathodic electrolyte path 6c via the cathodic electrolyte fluid inlet 9in.
The electrolyte plates 3a, 3c are porous, at least in the area adapted to match with the membrane 4, allowing the diffusion of the product gases and the transportation of hydroxide ions (OH−) across the membranes 4, and hence the porous areas of the electrolytic plates 3a, 3c.
The flaps 11a reach towards the cooling plate 2 arranged adjacent to the electrolyte plate 3a, 3c, possibly without contacting it, and thus into the respective electrolyte path 6a, 6c. The flaps 11a may be positioned such that they ‘point’ in the direction of the respective electrolyte gas outlet 8out, 9out, thereby ensuring a smooth flow of the entering gasses, such as hydrogen or oxygen gasses.
The recess 12 is formed at the otherwise flat surface adapted to face the membrane 4, and is formed in order to ease and direct the flow of gasses, such as hydrogen and oxygen, from the membrane 4 towards the openings 11.
The pushed outwards section 11b could be positioned such that at least one of the two openings 11 formed below the pushed outwards section 11b points in the direction of the respective electrolyte gas outlet 8out, 9out. This ensures a smooth flow of the entering gasses, such as hydrogen or oxygen gasses.
The opposite surface of the electrolyte plate 3a, 3c to the one in the bending direction of the pushed outwards sections 11b is essentially flat. The electrolyte plate 3a, 3c is positioned with the flat surface facing outwards relative to the connected cooling plate 2, to form a contact surface to the membrane 4.
The pushed outwards sections 11b will then face the respective cooling plate 2, preferably without contacting it, and thus extend into the respective electrolyte path 6a, 6c.
The flanges 11c could be positioned such that free ends of the flanges 11c point in the direction of the respective electrolyte gas outlet 8out, 9out. This ensures a smooth flow of the entering gasses, such as hydrogen or oxygen gasses.
The opposite surface of the electrolyte plate 3a, 3c to the one in the bending direction of the flanges 11c is essentially flat. The electrolyte plate 3a, 3c is positioned with the flat surface to form a contact surface to the membrane 4.
The flanges 11c will then reach towards the respective cooling plate 2, preferably without contacting it, and thus into the respective electrolyte path 6a, 6c.
In the illustrated embodiment, the opening 11 has a curving shape, similar to a meat bone, and may therefore be referred to as being ‘meat bone’-shaped. This means that the opening 11 has concave sections as well as convex sections. In the illustrated embodiment, the two ends arranged opposite each other along a direction defined by the length of the opening 11 are concave seen from the inside of the opening 11d, 11e, and convex sections are present at the centre part, seen from the inside of the opening 11d, 11e. The ends, thus, may form part of a circular or elliptic shape. The convex sections are having a width X which is smaller than the width Y of the concave section. The angle between the line (D) defined by two points (A and B) and the horizontal axis (H) is between 5° and 20°.
The opening 11d, 11e, 11f may be symmetric with two halves mirroring each other.
The centre line L also corresponds to a line parallel to the length direction of the plates 2, 3a, 3c.
As another alternative, each contact column 19 may be formed from two parts, where one part is formed in the electrolyte plate 3a, 3c and the other part being formed in the neighbouring cooling plate 2, and the two parts contacting each other to form the contact column.
According to one embodiment, the openings 11 may, at the centre portions, have a smaller width than the upper width or diameter of a contact column 19. This ensures that only a part of the opening 11 is obstructed by the contact column 19, while maintaining a contact to the electrolyte plate 3a, 3c.
The embodiment with contact areas for contact columns 19 or the smaller width diameter could also apply to any of the embodiments of
An active area of the electrolyte plate 3a, 3c is formed between the electrolyte fluid inlets 8in, 9in and gas outlets 8out, 9out and is formed with the openings 11, i.e. the active area is porous. This active area is adapted to be aligned with the membrane 4.
In the illustrated embodiment, cooling fluid openings 7in, 7out, being cooling fluid inlets 7in and/or cooling fluid outlets 7out, are positioned at the corners of the plates 3a, 3c, 2, but they could be positioned elsewhere, such as at the centre of the plates 3a, 3c, 2.
The cooling fluid flow direction in the cooling path 5 could be counter to the electrolyte fluid flow direction in the respective electrolyte paths 6a, 6c. As an alternative, the cooling fluid flow and the electrolyte fluid flow may be in the same direction. The cooling fluid inlet 7in and/or the cooling fluid outlet 7out, respectively, may consist of one or a plural of openings 7in, 7out, such as two openings 7in, 7out as illustrated.
The embodiment further shows an anodic electrolyte inlet 8in and a cathodic electrolyte inlet 9in, respectively, positioned between the two cooling openings 7in, 7out, such as in each their half of the plates 3a, 3c, 2, seen in relation to a centre line L passing in a length direction of the cassette 1, and thereby in a length direction of the plates 3a, 3c, 2. The electrolyte inlets 8in, 9in could, for example, be positioned at or near the centre of each their half.
The electrolyte plates 3a, 3c, and possibly also the cooling plates 2, may be symmetric relative to the centre line L, the left half of a respective plate 3a, 3b, 2 mirroring the right half thereof.
The four plates 3a, 3c, 2 in the cassette 1 are connected such that the cooling openings 7in, 7out are in fluid connection to the cooling path 5, but are sealed from the electrolyte paths 6a, 6c. The anodic electrolyte openings 8in, 8out are sealed from respectively the cooling fluid path 5 and from the cathodic electrolyte openings 9in, 9out. In the same manner, the cathodic electrolyte openings 9in, 9out are sealed from respectively the cooling fluid path 5 and the anodic electrolyte openings 8in, 8out. This is illustrated in more details in
Projections 55 may be formed in the plates 3a, 3c, 2 at the circumference of the respective openings 7in, 7out, 8in, 8out, 9in, 9out to contact the neighbouring plates 3a, 3c, 2, possibly contacting similar projections 55 formed in the neighbouring plates 3a, 3c, 2. This stabilizes the areas of the respective openings 7in, 7out, 8in, 8out, 9in, 9out.
Openings 56, see also
In
In
In
In
The electrolyte paths 6a, 6c may comprise a section stretching from the edges 60 of the plates 2, 3a, 3c towards the centre line L and the respective electrolyte gas outlet 8out, 9out.
One of the respective electrolyte gas outlets 8out, 9out will be open to the respective electrolyte path 6a, 6c, whereas the other will be closed, or sealed, e.g. by a gasket 33, in a manner similar to the cooling fluid openings 7in, 7out, and optionally also the circumference edge of the plates 2, 3a, 3c.
In order to partly separate the upper section electrolyte paths 6a, 6c around the electrolyte gas outlets 8out, 9out from the lower sections where the main gas generation occurs, an inner gas barrier 26 is provided, which obstructs the gas from flowing back to the lower section of the active area.
The inner gas barrier 26 may comprise two halves, each declining or sloping towards the centre line L, corresponding to declining or sloping towards the active area, where a drain 27 in the inner gas barrier 26 is positioned, allowing fluids, in particular in the form of liquid, in the section to drip back to the active area for further processing, due to gravity. This further prevents that liquid enters the gas outlet 8out, 9out and is passed further on in the system. This is an advantage, because liquid being passed on may introduce a risk of short circuiting.
The cassette 1 may be adapted to be positioned in a substantially vertical position with the gas outlets 8out, 9out at the top and electrolyte fluid inlets 8in, 9in at the bottom. Then liquids which are not dissolved will tend to fall downwards, due to gravity, and will be collected by the inner gas barrier 26 since they are heavier than the gas. The declining or sloping gas barrier 26 will guide the liquids towards the gas barrier drain 27.
A lower inner gas barrier 26a may be positioned at the gas barrier drain 27, immediately at the side facing the active area below the inner gas barrier drain 27.
The barrier 26, 26a, 27 may be formed in either of the electrolyte plates 3a, 3c or the connected cooling plate 2, or both, and will be adapted to contact the neighbouring plate 2, 3a, 3c.
The section illustrated in
The respective electrolyte gas outlet 8out, 9out is partly surrounded by an outlet blockade 28 only allowing the gas to leave the section and move towards the electrolyte gas outlet 8out, 9out, via an opening 29 in the outlet blockade 28. Facing the lower sections, the outlet blockade 28 may be provided with an outlet blockade drain 30, allowing possibly remaining fluids, primarily in the form of liquids, to drain back to the section.
Barriers, such as the gas barriers 24, the inner gas barrier 26 and the outlet blockade 28, may be formed by projections on the plates 2, 3a, 3c facing each other and being connected, thus obstructing fluid and gas from passing. Similarly, the dimples 25 may be formed by projections, possibly projecting to both sides and contacting at both the opposing sides of a plate 2, 3a, 3c, in order to form support in the section.
The membrane 4 is clamped between the two electrolyte plates 3a, 3c of the connected cassettes 1 and placed in grooves 13a′ in the electrolyte plates 3a, 3c to hold them in place. For this, the gasket parts 13, 14 may be formed with projections 13′, 14′ adapted to be positioned within the grooves 13a′.
One gasket part, e.g. the second gasket part 14, is formed with a locking part 15 that extends through a hole 4a in the membrane 4 and a gasket hole 16 of the other gasket part, e.g. the first gasket part 13. The outer part of the locking part 15 has a larger diameter than the hole 4a of the membrane 4 and must therefore be pushed through with a force. This ensures that the membrane 4 and the gasket parts 13, 14 are kept firmly together, and that relative movements therebetween are essentially prevented. Accordingly, it is ensured that the various parts of the cassette 1 remain properly aligned with respect to each other, and the risk of leaking is minimised.
Either of the first gasket part 13 and/or the second gasket part 14 could be provided with respectively locking part(s) 15 and gasket opening(s) 16.
The first gasket part 13 or the second gasket part 14, respectively, could be the gasket 33′ encircling the active area.
In an embodiment, the gasket 33′ is formed of respectively the first gasket part 13 and the second gasket part 14, these being adapted to seal at each their side of the membrane 4. The respective first gasket part 13 and second gasket part 14 could be formed of different materials suitable for each their environments at the two sides of the membrane 4, the one possibly being made of a cheap material.
Such fixations 4a, 13a′, 13′, 14′, 15, 16 could be positioned at regular intervals at the circumference of the membrane 4.
The intention of the cooling cells 17 is to ensure an even distribution of cooling, or the cooling fluid, across the cooling plate 2, and accordingly across the neighbouring electrolyte plate 3a, 3c.
The cooling cells 17 may be formed with a pattern 18 adapted to contact a similar pattern 18 of a connected neighbouring cooling plate 2, forming a cooling path 5 within the cooling cells 17. The pattern 18, however, does not contact the electrolyte plate 3a, 3c positioned at the opposite side, and therefore contact columns 19 are distributed over the cooling plate 2, such as within the cooling cells 17, as illustrated in
The contact columns 19 are situated to contact the respective neighbouring electrolyte plate 3a, 3c in the areas between the electrolyte plate openings 11. This ensures support of the plates 2, 3a, 3c as well as a uniform distance between the cooling plates 2 and the electrolyte plates 3a, 3c, across the entire active area, and essentially regardless of the pressure conditions within the electrolyzer cassette. The contact columns 19 may also form the electrical contact to the electrolyte plates 3a, 3c supplying them with a current/voltage.
The contact columns 19 may be fixedly attached to the respective electrolyte plates 3a, 3c, e.g. by welding or soldering. Alternatively, the contact columns 19 may simply be pushed into contact with the respective electrolyte plates 3a, 3c by pressing the plates 2, 3a, 3c together.
In the embodiment illustrated in
Each cooling cell 17 is provided with cooling fluid from a cooling cell supply channel 20 extending between the cooling cells 17, via respective cooling cell inlets 21. Each cooling cell supply channel 20 may connect to a plural of cooling cells 17.
The cooling fluid (now with an increased temperature) leaves the cooling cells 17 via a cooling cell outlet 23, and is fed to cooling cell return channels 22, where each cooling cell return channel 22 may connect to a plural of cooling cells 17.
According to one embodiment, the area of the cooling plates 2 formed with cooling cells 17 may be adapted to be aligned with the active area of the electrolyte plates 3a, 3c, enabling a control of the temperature in the gas generating processes occurring in the electrolytic fluids in the electrolyte flow paths 6a, 6c.
The cooling cells 17 are enclosed by a cooling cell wall 17a, where the respective cooling cell inlets 21 and cooling cell outlets 23 are formed in the cooling cell wall 17a. The cooling cell wall 17a separates the individual cooling cells 17 from each other and may be formed as a projection in the two cooling plates 2 connecting to form a flow barrier.
The corrugated pattern 18 illustrated in
The cooling cell inlets 21 and the cooling cell outlets 23 of the connected cooling cells 17 of the respective two connected cooling plates 2 are positioned to align. In the illustrated embodiment, the inlets 21 are positioned at an upper part and the outlets 23 at a bottom part of the cooling cell walls 17a, seen relative to the flow direction of cooling fluid flow.
The contact columns 19 are seen pointing towards the electrolyte plates 3a, 3c, contacting these. An electrical contact is created by the contact columns 19 to the electrolyte plates 3a, 3c, the cooling plates 2 themselves thus operating as electrical conductors.
The contact columns 19 may not be fixed to the electrolyte plates 3a, 3c, and in an embodiment contact may be ensured by the pressure of the electrolyte solution in the electrolyte paths 6a, 6c being higher than the pressure of the cooling fluid 2 in the cooling fluid path 5.
While the present disclosure has been illustrated and described with respect to a particular embodiment thereof, it should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that various modifications to this disclosure may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PA202170630 | Dec 2021 | DK | national |
| PA202270120 | Mar 2022 | DK | national |
This application is a National Stage application of International Patent Application No. PCT/EP2022/085916, filed on Dec. 14, 2022, which claims priority to Danish Patent Application No. PA202170630, filed Dec. 17, 2021, and Danish Patent Application No. PA202270120, filed Mar. 22, 2022, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/085916 | 12/14/2022 | WO |
