BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1) Field of the Invention
The invention in general relates to MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) fuzes, and more particularly to a device for initiating a microdetonator in such fuze
2) Description of the Related Art
A MEMS fuze uses a tiny microdetonator to initiate a charge sequence to detonate an explosive such as a munitions charge. A conventional method for mechanical initiation of conventional detonators typically uses stab pins. These stab pins however, are much too large to integrate into a microdetonator fuze.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the invention to provide a mechanical initiator that is small enough to initiate a microdetonator.
A MEMS mechanical initiator apparatus includes a microdetonator having a side. The apparatus includes a striker body having a striker arm extending therefrom. A tip of the striker arm is adjacent the side of the microdetonator prior to initiation. A set of anchored springs is connected to the striker body. A cocking and release mechanism is initially operable to withdraw the striker body such that the striker arm moves away from the side of the microdetonator against action of the springs. The cocking and release mechanism is thereafter operable to release the striker body such that the striker arm will be propelled by the springs to swipe the side of the microdetonator to cause detonation thereof by heat generated from viscoplastic deformation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, like or corresponding parts are denoted by like or corresponding reference numerals.
FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate the placement sequence for using a microdetonator.
FIG. 2 illustrates an SOI (silicon on insulator) wafer prior to fabrication of the MEMS device of the present invention.
FIGS. 3A to 3C illustrate one embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrates another embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a microdetonator and its placement for initiating a charge sequence. A driver 12 is operative to move a slider element 14 carrying a microdetonator 16 to put it in proper position adjacent a mechanical initiator 17, the subject of the present invention. The microdetonator 16 is used to set off a secondary explosive in the form of secondary lead 18, which will set off the main charge 20, forming a portion of a munition round, by way of example.
In FIG. 1A, the microdetonator 16 is in an initial position insufficient to set off the secondary explosive 18. When the driver 12 is engaged, as indicated in FIG. 1B, it will move slider 14 in the direction of arrow 22 until the microdetonator 16 is adjacent the mechanical initiator 17 and directly above explosive lead 18, whereupon the entire detonation process may proceed.
FIG. 2 illustrates a portion of an SOI wafer 24 from which a mechanical initiator apparatus 32 of the present invention will be fabricated. The structure of FIG. 2 includes a silicon substrate 26 (also known as a handle layer) covered by an insulating, or intermediate layer 28, such as silicon dioxide, over which is bonded or deposited another silicon layer 30, also known as the device layer, which is the layer from which the mechanical initiator components are fabricated.
The mechanical initiator components are formed by a DRIE (deep reactive ion etching) process that removes unwanted portions of device layer 30. The DRIE process is a well-developed micromachining process used extensively with silicon based MEMS devices. For this reason silicon is an exemplary material for the mechanical initiator apparatus 32 of the present invention, although other materials are possible.
The mechanical initiator apparatus 32 of FIG. 3A includes a striker arm 34, the end of which is at a slight angle to, and adjacent, but not touching, a side 36 of a microdetonator 38. Striker arm 34 extends from striker body 40 at one side thereof while a trigger arm 42 extends from an opposite side. Striker body 40 is connected to spring sets 44 and 46, which, in turn are connected to respective anchors 48 and 50.
To operate as a MEMS mechanical initiator, the arms 34 and 42, as well as striker body 40 and spring sets 44 and 46 must be free to move and therefore must be free of any underlying silicon dioxide insulating layer 28 (FIG. 2). One way to accomplish the removal of the underlying insulating layer is by applying an etchant such as hydrofluoric acid that will dissolve the silicon dioxide. The etchant will, in a relatively short period of time, dissolve the insulation beneath the arms 34 and 42 as well as spring sets 44 and 46, as they are of small width, thus freeing them for movement. To shorten the time for dissolving the silicon dioxide under the striker body 40, the stricker body 40 may be provided with a series of apertures 52, which extend from the top surface down to the insulating layer 28, thereby allowing the etchant direct access to the undersurface of the striker body 40. Although some of the etchant dissolves the insulation under the anchors 48 and 50, the process of freeing the other components is completed before the anchors are completely freed so that they remain immovable.
The mechanical initiator apparatus 32 additionally includes a cocking and release mechanism 54 connected to trigger arm 42. The cocking and release mechanism 54 may be either be electrically actuated or environmentally actuated. An example of environmental actuation is the use of gun launch acceleration for cocking and target impact deceleration for release.
When activated, and as illustrated in FIG. 3B, the cocking and release mechanism 54 causes trigger arm 42 to be withdrawn against the action of springs 44 and 46, and along with it, the strikerbody 40 and striker arm 34. When trigger arm 42 is released by cocking and release mechanism 54, as indicated in FIG. 3C, under action of springs 44 and 46, the tip of striker arm 34 will swipe the side 36 of microdetonator 38 whereby the microdetonator 38 is initiated by heat generated from viscoplastic deformation.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 3A to 3C, microdetonator initiation is achieved by linear movement of striker arm 34. In the embodiment of FIGS. 4A to 4C, initiation is achieved by rotational movement of a striker arm.
The mechanical initiator 56 in FIG. 4A includes a striker arm 58, the end of which is at a slight angle to, and adjacent, but not touching a side 60 of microdetonator 62. Striker arm 58 extends from a relatively thin striker body 64, a forward portion 66 of the thin striker body 64, which is connected to a curved spring 68 having its other end connected to an anchor 70. A more distal portion 72 of striker body 64 in relation to the striker arm 58 is connected to a second curved spring 74. The second curved spring 74 having its other end connected to anchor 76. Cocking and release mechanism 78 may be operative to act upon the distal end 80 of striker body 64 in a direction transverse thereto.
As seen in FIG. 4B, when cocking and release mechanism 78 operates to push on distal end 80, striker body 64 and striker arm 58 are rotated in a counterclockwise direction against the action of springs 68 and 74. This action withdraws the end of striker arm 58 from side 60 of microdetonator 62. When cocking and release mechanism 78 releases the distal end 80 of striker body 64, as illustrated in FIG. 4C, the striker body 64 and striker arm 58 are moved in a clockwise direction such that the tip of striker arm 58 will swipe the side 60 of microdetonator 62 whereby the microdetonator 62 is initiated by heat generated from viscoplastic deformation. It is evident that by reorienting the microdetonator 62, the clockwise and counterclockwise directions for initiation may be reversed from that described.
There has been described a mechanical initiator which is much smaller than conventional stab detonators and can be made to interface with a microdetonator. Further, the mechanical initiator may be fabricated using a MEMS process and can be directly incorporated into a MEMS fuze chip. It will be understood that many additional changes in the details, materials, steps and arrangement of parts, which have been herein described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art within the principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.
Finally, any numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations (for example, by using the term “about”) that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding.
Patent Grant
7762190
