Patent Grant
8148902
1. Field of the Invention
The present disclosure relates to a mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp device and a method for manufacturing the same, and more specifically, to a mercury-free arc tube in which regions including molybdenum foils are pinch-sealed by glass, and a method for manufacturing the same.
2. Description of Related Art
A related art discharge lamp device using an arc tube as a light source is structured so that front and rear end portions of the arc tube are supported on and integrated with an insulating base by a lead support which also serves as a conducting path protruding forward of the insulating base and a metallic holding member fixed to the front face of the insulating base.
The related art arc tube is structured so that, between a pair of front and rear pinch-sealed portions, a closed glass bulb in which electrodes are provided oppositely and luminescent substances, etc., are enclosed is formed. Inside the pinch-sealed portion, a molybdenum foil which connects the electrode projecting inside the closed glass bulb and a lead wire led out from the pinch-sealed portion is sealed to achieve airtightness of the pinch-sealed portion.
In other words, as an electrode, an electrode made of tungsten with excellent durability is advantageous. However, tungsten has a different linear expansion coefficient from glass and is not very compatible with glass, so that the airtightness of the related art arc tube is poor. Therefore, by connecting a molybdenum foil which is more satisfactorily compatible with glass, to the tungsten-made electrode and sealing the molybdenum foil at the pinch-sealed portion, airtightness of the pinch-sealed portion is secured.
Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. JP-A-2003-86136 proposes a related art technique in which, by roughening the surfaces of the molybdenum foils (forming minute unevenness) by applying etching including oxidation and reduction to the molybdenum foils sealed at the pinch-sealed portions of the arc tube for a discharge lamp device, physical adhesion (mechanical joining strength) to glass is improved, and foil floating is suppressed and the life of the arc tube becomes longer.
Japanese Patent Unexamined Publication No. JP-A-2002-33079 proposes a related art technique in which, in a lamp such as a halogen lamp including a glass-made bulb, a molybdenum foil connecting an electrode filament and an external conductor is sealed by glass. By coating discontinuous land regions of TiO2 on the surface of the molybdenum foil, a chemical joining force between TiO2 and glass is improved, and accordingly, the joining strength between the molybdenum foil and glass is improved, and the life of the lamp becomes longer.
The related art arc tubes described above are mercury-contained arc tubes in which mercury as a buffer substance is enclosed in a closed glass bulb. However, mercury is an environmental toxin, so that recently, a mercury-free arc tube in which mercury is not enclosed has attracted attention.
An object of the present invention is to provide a mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp device in which foil floating does not occur in the pinch-sealed portions.
According to an illustrative aspect of the invention, there is provided a mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp device including:
a pair of electrodes;
molybdenum foils connected to the electrodes, respectively;
lead wires connected to the molybdenum foils, respectively; and
a closed glass bulb in which luminescent substances other than mercury are enclosed and in which the pair of the electrodes are opposed each other,
wherein the electrode, the molybdenum foil and the lead wire are integrated,
wherein a region including the molybdenum foil is pinch-sealed by glass,
wherein the molybdenum foil is doped with or coated with TiO2 in discontinuous lands manner, and
a surface of the molybdenum foil is roughened by etching including oxidation and reduction.
The inventor of the present invention examined whether the technique of JP-A-2003-86136 was also effective for a mercury-free arc tube. The inventor found that the life with respect to flickering (comparative example of
The inventor postulated that a reason for this poor performance is that the mercury-free arc tube has a set tube voltage lower than that of the mercury-contained arc tube, and accordingly, the current flowing in the electrodes and the molybdenum foils is higher. Therefore, the pinch-sealed portions reach a higher temperature and the heat stress generated on the joining interface between the molybdenum foils and glass increases, and accordingly, foil floating more easily occurs.
That is, the inventor considered that the adhesion (joining strength) between the molybdenum foil and glass would be further improved by applying the technique of the JP-A-2002-33079 to the technique of the JP-A-2003-86136. Particularly, the inventor considered that, TiO2 was a stable substance, and even if TiO2 was oxidized and reduced, TiO2 exposed on the surface of the molybdenum foil was not sublimed but left as it was, and only the region (molybdenum) not coated with TiO2 on the surface of the molybdenum foil was sublimed. Therefore, TiO2 exposed and left on the surface of the molybdenum foil not only improved the chemical joining force (chemical adhesion) to glass but also improved the physical joining force (mechanical adhesion) to glass by making deeper and more complicated the minute unevenness formed on the surface of the molybdenum foil (than the minute unevenness formed in the JP-A-2003-86136).
As a result of repeated experiments, it was confirmed that all required standards for the life with respect to foil floating (
Furthermore, the inventor found that if performing oxidizing and reducing the molybdenum foil having TiO2, TiO2 itself is activated and TiO2 is easily chemically bonded to other substance. In particular, if oxidizing and reducing the molybdenum foil having doped TiO2, the rate of TiO2 exposed on the surface of the molybdenum foil is increased. Thus, as a synergistic effect, the inventor found that the bonding strength between the molybdenum foil and the glass is further improved due to the activated and exposed TiO2.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention address the above-described disadvantages in the related art techniques.
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention will now be described based on examples.
In
The arc tube 10 is structured so that portions close to a spherical swelling portion of a circular pipe-shaped quartz glass tube W having a spherical swelling portion formed in the middle in the longitudinal direction of a straight extending portion are pinch-sealed to form pinch-sealed portions 13 (a primary pinch-sealed portion 13A and a secondary pinch-sealed portion 13B) having rectangular cross sectional shapes on both end portions of an oval tipless closed glass bulb 12 forming a discharge space. Inside the closed glass bulb 12, enclosed substances such as metallic halide are enclosed together with a starting noble gas. Thus, the arc tube is a mercury-free type in which mercury that is an environmental toxin and is generally enclosed is not enclosed, and the arc tube is made compact.
Inside the closed glass bulb 12, tungsten-made electrodes 16 and 16 constituting a discharge electrode are disposed oppositely, and the electrodes 16 and 16 are connected to molybdenum foils 17 sealed to the pinch-sealed portions 13. Molybdenum-made lead wires 18 connected to the molybdenum foils 17 are led out from the end portions of the pinch-sealed portions 13, and the rear end side lead wire 18 is inserted through the circular pipe-shaped portion 14 which is a non-pinch-sealed portion and extends to the outside. The electrode 16, the molybdenum foil 17, and the lead wire 18 are connected and integrated in series in advance as an electrode assembly, and in a pinch-sealing process for pinch-sealing the portions close to the spherical swelling portion of the quartz glass tube W, regions including the molybdenum foils 17 of the electrode assemblies are pinch-sealed and sealed to the pinch-sealed portions 13.
The reference symbol G denotes a cylindrical ultraviolet screening shroud glass welded to and integrated with the arc tube 10. The ultraviolet screening shroud glass cuts-off ultraviolet components with a wave range harmful to humans in light emitted from the arc tube 10. In the closed space between the shroud glass G and the arc tube 10, not more than 1 atmosphere of an inert gas or nitrogen is enclosed, and the closed glass bulb 12 is kept at a high temperature.
As an example of the detailed dimensions of the arc tube 10, the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the closed glass bulb 12 are 6.1 millimeters and 2.5 millimeters, respectively, the internal capacity of the closed glass bulb 12 is 22 μl, and the electrode 16 has a stepped structure with an entire length of 7.0 millimeters, a thickness of 0.35 millimeters until a point of 1.2 millimeters on the tip end side, and a thickness of 0.3 millimeters on the remaining shaft portion side, and is made of potassium-doped tungsten.
Inside the closed glass bulb 12, NaI, ScI3, ScBr3, InI and ZnI2 with a total weight of 0.3 mg are enclosed together with 15 atmospheres of Xe gas. The ratio by weight of the enclosed substances is NaI:ScI3:ScBr3:InI:ZnI2=62:8.8:20:0.2:9. Inside the shroud glass G surrounding the arc tube 10, 0.1 atmospheres of N2 gas is enclosed.
In the arc tube 10, mercury is not enclosed in the closed glass bulb 12, so that the tube voltage is set to be lower (i.e., the tube current is set to be larger) than that of a mercury-contained arc tube. Therefore, the arc tube is used under the condition that the temperature of the arc tube 10 including the pinch-sealed portions 13 becomes higher than that of the mercury-contained arc tube. As the molybdenum foil 17 to be sealed to the pinch-sealed portion 13, a molybdenum foil doped with TiO2 or a molybdenum foil coated with TiO2, in a form of discontinuous lands and having a rough surface 17c with deep and complicated minute unevenness formed on the surface by surface roughening etching including oxidation and reduction, is used to enhance a joining strength between the glass and the molybdenum foils 17.
More specifically, as the molybdenum foil 17 used in the arc tube of the first example, a molybdenum foil doped with 2 weight percent of TiO2 with respect to a total weight of molybdenum and TiO2 is subjected to surface roughening etching including oxidation and reduction. Accordingly, on the surface thereof, a rough surface 17c having deep and complicated minute unevenness as shown in
On the other hand, as the molybdenum foil 17 used in the arc tube of the second example, a molybdenum foil coated with TiO2 in a form of discontinuous lands (area ratio: 6.9 μg/cm2) is subjected to surface roughening etching including oxidation and reduction. Accordingly, on the surface thereof, a rough surface 17c with deep and complicated minute unevenness as shown in
Next, adhesion of the molybdenum foil 17 sealed to the pinch-sealed portion 13 of the arc tube of the first and second examples to glass will be described in detail.
However, before that, adhesion of a molybdenum foil of a comparative example (i.e., the molybdenum foil described in JP-A-2003-86136) to glass will be described. When the molybdenum foil of the comparative example is exposed to the atmosphere, the surface thereof is covered by an oxide film as shown in
By contrast, the molybdenum foil 17 used in the arc tube of the first example is a molybdenum foil doped with TiO2. When this molybdenum foil 17 is exposed to the atmosphere, the surface thereof is covered by an oxide film 17a as shown in
Therefore, in the pinch-sealed portion 13, many TiO2 particles 20 (i.e., TiO2 particles with strong chemical bonding force to quartz glass) dispersed and exposed to the rough surface 17c of the molybdenum foil improve the chemical adhesion (chemical joining strength) at the interface between quartz glass and the molybdenum foil.
When molybdenum in the surface layer portion of the molybdenum foil 17 is sublimed, a rough surface 17c with minute unevenness is formed on the molybdenum foil surface. However, TiO2 particles 20 are not sublimed but are left on the rough surface 17c as they are, so that the TiO2 particles 20 make deeper and more complicated the minute unevenness 17b formed on the molybdenum foil surface (than the minute unevenness formed on the rough surface of the related art molybdenum foil of JP-A-2003-86136). As a result, in the pinch-sealed portion 13, as shown in
By contrast, the molybdenum foil 17 used in the arc tube of the second example is a molybdenum foil coated with TiO2 in the form of discontinuous lands. When the molybdenum foil 17 of the second example is exposed to the atmosphere, the surface thereof is covered by an oxide film 17a as shown in
By subliming molybdenum in the surface layer portion of the molybdenum foil 17, a rough surface 17c with minute unevenness is formed on the molybdenum foil surface. However, the TiO2 layer 22 is not sublimed but left as it is on the rough surface 17c, so that the TiO2 layer makes deeper and more complicated the minute unevenness 17b formed on the molybdenum foil surface (than the minute unevenness formed on the rough surface of the related art molybdenum foil of JP-A-2003-86136). As a result, in the pinch-sealed portion 13, as shown in
Thus, in each of the first and second examples, the joining interface between quartz glass and the molybdenum foil 17 in the pinch-sealed portion 13 has adhesion (joining strength) sufficiently resistant to heat stress occurring at the interface.
To mass-produce the molybdenum foil 17 having the etched surface (oxidized and reduced surface) 17c, a molybdenum foil spool formed by winding a band-like long molybdenum foil is unwound and put into an oxidation furnace and a reduction furnace in order. Accordingly, the surface of the molybdenum foil spool is etched, and the molybdenum foil spool is rewound to obtain a band-like long molybdenum foil spool the surface of which is etched. By unwinding the etched band-like molybdenum foil spool and cutting the molybdenum foil into lengths, molybdenum foils 17 including the etched surface 17c are formed. The lengths and dimensions of the molybdenum foils may be predetermined. The electrode 16 and the lead wire 18 are welded in series to the molybdenum foil 17 having the etched surface 17c, and are integrated together as an electrode assembly.
A higher oxidation temperature of the molybdenum foil is better because the oxidation becomes faster and the oxidation time becomes shorter. If the oxidation temperature is lower than 300° C., formation of the oxide film on the surface of the molybdenum foil takes a long time, and this length of time is not practicable. On the other hand, if the oxidation temperature is higher than 550° C., oxidation becomes excessive and the surface of the molybdenum foil becomes grayish black visually. The molybdenum foil becomes fragile, and weldability to the electrode may deteriorate such that the foil may be cut during pinch-sealing. Accordingly, it is advantageous that the molybdenum foil be oxidized at a temperature in the range of about 300° C. to about 550° C. When the treatment time is taken into consideration, the oxidation temperature of the molybdenum foil is most advantageous in the range of about 500° C. to about 550° C. which is substantially equal to the subsequent reduction time. In the present example, as described later, oxidation was performed at two temperatures of 500° C. and 550° C., and in both cases, a rough surface 17c having advantageous properties was obtained.
Data was obtained under the oxidation and reduction conditions of
Data of Treatment 1, 2, and 3 were obtained at an oxidation temperature of 505° C. Note that substantially the same data on the life of the arc tube (time until foil floating occurs), the life of the arc tube (time until flickering occurs) and lumen maintenance factor as the data of Treatment 1, 2, and 3 were also obtained in the case of Treatment 1′ which was “Oxidized for 65 seconds at 500° C. and reduced with hydrogen for 90 seconds at 630° C.,” Treatment 2′ which was “Oxidized for 95 seconds at 500° C. and reduced with hydrogen for 90 seconds at 630° C.,” Treatment 3′ which was “Oxidized for 190 seconds at 500° C. and reduced with hydrogen for 90 seconds at 630° C.” In other words, the same results were achieved where the oxidation temperatures were set to 500° C. being 5° C. lower than 505° C. and the treatment times were set to be 15 seconds, 30 seconds, and 95 seconds longer than those of Treatments 2, and 3. The data for Treatments 1′, 2′, and 3′ are not shown, however.
In
Concerning the life of the arc tube (time until flickering occurs), as shown in
Concerning the lumen maintenance factor, as shown in
In other words, in each of Examples 1 and 2, if the molybdenum foil is not sufficiently oxidized and reduced as in the case of Treatment 1, an oxygen component of TiO2 in the molybdenum foil reacts with the enclosed substance (Sc) and the contribution ratio of Sc to luminescence decreases, and the lumen maintenance factor becomes inferior to that of the comparative example. However, by sufficiently oxidizing and reducing the molybdenum foil and removing the oxide film and extra foreign matter such as TiO2 on the molybdenum foil surface as in the case of Treatments 2 and 3, the lumen maintenance factor increases.
The most advantageous oxidation and reduction conditions of Examples 1 and 2 are, as shown in
In the above-described examples, a molybdenum foil doped with 2 weight percent of TiO2 with respect to the total weight of molybdenum and TiO2 (first example), and a molybdenum foil coated with TiO2 in the form of discontinuous lands (area ratio: 6.9 μg/cm2) (second example) are described. However, the amount of TiO2 to be doped is advantageously in the range of 0.1 to 3.0 weight percent, and the amount of TiO2 to be coated is advantageously in the range of area ratio of 6 to 8 μg/cm2. If the amount of TiO2 is excessively large, the oxygen component is large and flickering easily occurs, and the lumen maintenance factor decreases. On the contrary, if the amount of TiO2 is excessively small, the bonding force between the molybdenum foil and glass decreases and foil floating easily occurs, and the life becomes shorter.
According to an illustrative aspect of the invention, there is provided a mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp device, the mercury-free arc tube including:
a pair of electrodes;
molybdenum foils connected to the electrodes, respectively;
lead wires connected to the molybdenum foils, respectively; and
a closed glass bulb in which luminescent substances other than mercury are enclosed and in which the pair of the electrodes are opposed each other,
wherein the electrode, the molybdenum foil and the lead wire are integrated,
wherein a region including the molybdenum foil is pinch-sealed by glass,
wherein the molybdenum foil is doped with or coated with TiO2 in discontinuous lands manner, and
a surface of the molybdenum foil is roughened by etching including oxidation and reduction.
Further, according to another illustrative aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp device, the mercury-free arc tube including:
a pair of electrodes;
molybdenum foils connected to the electrodes, respectively;
lead wires connected to the molybdenum foils, respectively; and
a closed glass bulb in which luminescent substances other than mercury are enclosed and in which the pair of the electrodes are opposed each other,
wherein the electrode, the molybdenum foil and the lead wire are integrated,
wherein a region including the molybdenum foil is pinch-sealed by glass, the method comprising:
doping the molybdenum foil with TiO2 or coating the molybdenum foil with TiO2 in a discontinuous lands manner;
etching the doped or coated molybdenum foil to oxidize and reduce the molybdenum foil so as to rough a surface of the molybdenum foil.
According to the illustrative aspect of the invention, the molybdenum foil contains TiO2 molecules dispersed inside (first example), or the surface of the molybdenum foil is coated with TiO2 in a form of discontinuous lands (second example), and when the molybdenum foil is exposed to the atmosphere, the surface is covered by an oxide film as shown in
Therefore, at the pinch-sealed portions, first, TiO2 molecules or the TiO2 layer in the form of lands which have high chemical bonding strength to quartz glass, and are dispersed and exposed to the rough surface of the molybdenum foil, improve the chemical adhesion (chemical joining strength) at the interface between quartz glass and the molybdenum foil. Second, by subliming oxidized molybdenum in the surface layer portion of the molybdenum foil, a rough surface having minute unevenness is formed on the molybdenum foil surface. However, TiO2 molecules or the TiO2 layer in the form of lands which are not sublimed but left on the rough surface make deeper and more complicated the minute unevenness formed on the molybdenum foil surface (than the minute unevenness formed on the rough surface of the molybdenum foil described in JP-A-2003-86136), and the minute unevenness is filled with quartz glass without gaps and improves the physical adhesion (mechanical joining strength) at the interface between quartz glass and the molybdenum foil. As a result, foil floating at the pinch-sealed portions is reliably suppressed, and a long life of the arc tube is guaranteed.
Further, still another illustrative aspect of the invention, it is adaptable that an oxidation temperature of the molybdenum foil in the etching step is set in a range of about 500° C. to about 550° C.
According to the illustrative aspect of the invention, if the molybdenum foil oxidation temperature is lower than about 300° C., formation of an oxide film on the surface of the molybdenum foil takes a long time, and this length of time is not practicable. As the temperature becomes higher, the oxidation becomes faster and the oxidation time becomes shorter, so that a higher temperature is preferable. When the oxidation temperature is high, the depth and the complicatedness of the minute unevenness on the oxidized molybdenum foil surface increase, and the depth and the complicatedness of the minute unevenness on the molybdenum foil surface after being oxidized and reduced also increase. Accordingly, to increase the mechanical joining strength between glass and molybdenum foil, a higher oxidation temperature is better. However, if the temperature becomes higher than 550° C., the molybdenum foil is excessively oxidized and becomes fragile (the surface becomes grayish black visually), and the weldability to the electrode may deteriorate and the foil may be cut during pinch-sealing. Accordingly, it is advantageous for the molybdenum foil to be oxidized at a temperature in the range of about 300° C. to about 550° C. Particularly, when the oxidation temperature is in the range of about 500° C. to about 550° C., the oxidation time and the reduction time become substantially equal to each other, so that oxidation and reduction can be performed continuously.
As is clearly understood from the description given above, with the mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp device according the illustrative aspect of the invention, both of chemical adhesion (chemical joining strength) and physical adhesion (mechanical joining strength) at the interface between quartz glass and the molybdenum foil in the pinch-sealed portion are improved, foil floating at the pinch-sealed portion is reliably prevented, and accordingly, a longer life of the arc tube is realized.
With the method for manufacturing a mercury-free arc tube for a discharge lamp device according to the illustrative aspect of the invention, both of chemical adhesion (chemical joining strength) and physical adhesion (mechanical joining strength) at the interface between quartz glass and the molybdenum foil in the pinch-sealed portion are improved, and an arc tube with a longer life in which foil floating does not occur at the pinch-sealed portions can be provided.
Further, according to the aspect of the invention, mass production of the arc tube with a longer life in which foil floating does not occur at the pinch-sealed portions becomes possible, and accordingly, the arc tube with a longer life can be provided inexpensively.
While the invention has been described in connection with the exemplary embodiments, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the present invention, and it is aimed, therefore, to cover in the appended claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008-236365 | Sep 2008 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5986403 | Jansen et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6753650 | Leichtfried et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6815892 | Morimoto et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6918808 | Fukuyo et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 7378798 | Coumans et al. | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7514871 | Scholl et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7733026 | Hebbinghaus et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7759871 | Chowdhury et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 20020008477 | Leichtfried et al. | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20050082984 | Wada et al. | Apr 2005 | A1 |
| 20060119264 | Homma et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2002-033079 | Jan 2002 | JP |
| 2003-086136 | Mar 2003 | JP |
| WO 03056607 | Jul 2003 | WO |
| 2006-006109 | Jan 2006 | WO |
| 2006-035327 | Apr 2006 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20100066246 A1 | Mar 2010 | US |
