The present invention relates to the mining arts and, more particularly, to a mesh handling system for an underground mining machine.
Anchors or “bolts” provide primary support for one or more of the faces of a passage in an underground mine, such as the roof or overburden. In connection with the installation of these bolts, it is often necessary or desired to install a reticulated mesh or grid material along the corresponding face(s). The main role of mesh is to provide passive confinement, especially in locations where poor ground conditions prevail, preventing fragments of rock and coal from falling from the roof and ribs in the spacing between reinforcing bolts.
Under the current approach, this supplemental protection afforded by the grid or mesh is separately applied to the roof and ribs of the mine passage, and oftentimes completed manually as part of the bolting operation. Past proposals have been made in an effort to facilitate the application of grid or mesh through semi-automated approaches, such as by having a roll of mesh or grid in flexible form carried by a mining machine and applied during the advance to form the mine passage.
Despite such advances, the known approaches suffer from being relatively complex in nature, and generally do not obviate the continued need for significant operator involvement. Specifically, an operator must still be involved to a significant extent in helping to initially support and tension the grid material or mesh during installation, and must also take measures to ensure that the proper amount of tension is provided throughout the operation. These requirements for frequent manual intervention increase the man hours and thus limit the practical effectiveness and efficiency of the limited automation provided. Past approaches are also limited to applying the grid to only the roof, which then requires a separate manual application to the rib(s) if the supplemental protection afforded thereby is required.
Accordingly, a need is identified for an improved system for use in applying a grid or mesh to a face of a mine passage. As compared with past approaches, the system would be relatively simple in construction and inexpensive to implement. Yet, it would bring a significant level of advancement in terms of the savings in time and cost realized from its use. The result that follows from use of the system would be an overall increase in the efficiency of the mining operation.
In one aspect, this disclosure relates to a system for handling a roll of mesh for application to one or more faces of an underground mine passage, such as in association with a roof bolting operation performed by a roof bolter. The system comprises a dispenser for dispensing mesh from the roll for application to at least one face of the mine passage. The system further comprises at least one arm for supporting the mesh adjacent to the face upon being dispensed from the dispenser. The arm is capable of flexing to provide tension during the application of the mesh to the at least one face of the mine passage.
Preferably, the at least one flexible arm comprises a first flexible arm for supporting the mesh, and the system further includes a second flexible arm for supporting the mesh. The first and second flexible arms may extend in opposite directions for biasing the mesh in a direction transverse to a longitudinal direction of the mine passage, but also may be considered to extend in generally orthogonal directions. Most preferably, the end of the flexible arm is adapted for positioning in an opening in the mesh, and may be supported in a laterally extendable fashion by an automated temporary roof support associated with a mining machine.
The dispenser preferably comprises a cradle for receiving the roll of mesh to engage an outer surface thereof. The cradle may include at least one laterally extendable support for supporting a lateral side of the roll of mesh. Preferably, the cradle comprises an extendable support for supporting each lateral side of the roll of mesh.
Another related aspect of the disclosure pertains to an apparatus for handling a roll of mesh intended for application to one or more faces of a mine passage. The handling apparatus comprises a cradle for dispensing the mesh from the roll. The cradle comprises a base for supporting the roll of mesh and at least one laterally extendable support for supporting a first lateral side of the roll of mesh. Preferably, the cradle comprises at least one laterally extendable support for supporting each lateral side of the roll of mesh, and includes a base adapted for receiving a portion of the laterally extendable support in a telescoping fashion.
Still a further aspect of the disclosure relates to an apparatus for intended use in connection with a vehicle for providing temporary support for a face of a mine passage and facilitating the application of mesh to the face. The apparatus comprises a dispenser carried by the vehicle for dispensing the mesh from the roll for application to at least one face of the mine passage, as well as a support carried by the vehicle having a pad for selectively engaging and supporting the face of the mine passage. The support includes at least one laterally extendable arm for applying tension to the mesh.
Preferably, the laterally extendable arm is capable of flexing in an amount sufficient to provide tension to the mesh. The support may include first and second laterally extendable arms, which may project in opposite or orthogonal directions. Still more preferably, the support comprises a transverse beam having at least one tubular end for receiving the laterally extendable arm in a telescoping fashion.
Yet a further aspect of the disclosure relates to a related method of providing supplemental support for a roof and at least one rib of an underground mine passage having a width. The method comprises dispensing mesh having a width greater than the width of the mine passage from a dispenser secured to a vehicle. The method further includes securing the mesh in the passage to cover the roof and at least one rib.
Preferably, the method includes the step of laterally expanding the dispenser to support at least one side of the roll of mesh. The method may further include providing support for the mesh adjacent to the interface between the roof and rib. Preferably, the step of providing support comprises engaging the mesh with at least one flexible arm carried by the vehicle. Still further, the method includes the step of anchoring the mesh to the rib.
a, 1b, 1c and 1d are side, front, and top views of a mining vehicle incorporating the mesh handling system;
a, 2b and 2c are side, front, and top views of the mesh handling system of
a, 3b, and 3c are top, side, and perspective views of a flexible arm for use in connection with the mesh handling system;
a, 4b, and 4c are perspective, top, and front views of the mesh handling system in an operative condition for installing mesh on the face of a mine passage;
a is a partially cross-sectional end view of the installation of mesh in a mine passage using the mesh handling system;
b is a partially cutaway perspective view illustrating the installation of mesh in a mine passage using the mesh handling system; and
Reference is now made to
Adjacent the front or leading edge, the vehicle V includes a bolting module B including drilling and bolting rigs R (see
Turning to
The dispenser 12 also includes a connector portion 16 that is used to secure it to the front or leading portion of the vehicle V. In the preferred embodiment, the securing is provided along the main beam B of the automated temporary roof support S. In this manner, the mesh is dispensed from the leading end of the vehicle V when traveling, as is desirable.
Understandably, the width of the mesh roll used may vary depending on the width of the involved face of the mine passage. To adapt for and accommodate these changes in width, one and preferably both of the side portions 14b, 14c of the cradle 14 are arranged to move laterally relative to the base 14a. In the preferred embodiment shown, this is accomplished by providing each side portion 14b, 14c of the cradle 14 with a support 18 that is slidably mounted to telescope within a corresponding sleeve 20 associated with the cradle base 14a. Hence, when it is desired to extend the width of the cradle 14, one or both side portions 14b, 14c may be manually moved outwardly, such as to correspond to the width of the mesh roll (note extended positions 14b′ and 14c′ in
Given the capability of being rolled, the mesh involved here comprises a relatively flexible, thin, reticulated sheet of polymeric material, which is thus generally not self-supporting when unrolled. In the confines of the underground mine passage, this flexibility combined with the relative width of the mesh when unrolled (which can be 20-30 feet or more), makes it desirable to support the mesh prior to and during application to the face of the mine passage. Otherwise, the mesh can become loose or bunched up, which aside from being unsightly makes it largely ineffective in providing the desired supplemental support for the face.
Accordingly, with continued reference to
As should be appreciated from
For reasons that will be further understood upon reviewing the description that follows, the arms 24a, 24b and 26a, 26b are preferably elongated rods formed of a relatively flexible, yet durable material, such as polyurethane. As perhaps best shown in
Turning back to
With the foregoing understanding of the basic components of the system 10, the following description of one possible method of installation is now provided, with further reference to
In cases where mesh is applied only the overhead surface or roof of the mine passage, this roll L may correspond in width to the approximate width of the cut that formed the passage. However, the mesh is preferably oversized in width relative to the width of the passage for purposes of being simultaneously applied to multiple faces (such as, for example, the roof and one or more of the ribs). To accommodate this oversized width, the mesh material is preferably folded prior to rolling in order for the roll L to have a width less than the width of the passage. For example, as shown in
Once this oversized, but partially folded and rolled mesh is positioned in the cradle 14, the leading or free end is initially drawn over the spaced side and center pads P of the temporary roof support S. Preferably, the leading end of the mesh is temporarily held in this position by a mechanical structure, such as one or more hooks. In the illustrated embodiment, the temporary roof support S carries an independent device D used for applying a sheet of rigid grid material (such as steel mesh) to the roof, which may include suitable hooks K capable of initially latching onto the leading free end of the mesh extending over the pads P.
Given the oversized nature of the mesh relative to the width of the mine passage, it should be appreciated that it not only spans the roof or ceiling of the passage, but also partially covers one or both of the adjacent ribs in a curtain-like fashion. Added support for the leading end and lateral sides of the mesh adjacent the roof and ribs is provided by the arms 24a, 24b and 26a, 26b. Specifically, the side arms 24a, 26a are laterally extended and positioned such that the associated fingers 28b extend into corresponding openings in the mesh and provide support therefor. As mentioned above, these arms 24a, 26a are substantially flexible in nature, and thus may bend, initially in the vertical direction Y (see
At the same time, the arms 24b, 26b engage the unpinned forward or leading end of the mesh adjacent to the roof in a similar fashion, and thus provide a level of tensioning aligned with the direction of vehicle movement. The combined tensioning and spreading afforded by the arms 24a, 24b and 26a, 26b helps initially to maintain the mesh in a substantially taut state, ready for being secured to the corresponding face(s) of the mine passage by the selected anchors.
With the mesh M in this initial position, the beam B of the roof support S may be raised to engage the pads P with the roof and provide the desired temporary support. As should be appreciated from
Once the mesh M is initially fixed, the temporary support S may then be disengaged from the roof (e.g., lowered), and the vehicle V may then move or tram forward to the desired location for the next series or row of bolts (usually, about 4-5 feet). As the vehicle V moves, additional mesh is unrolled from the dispenser 12 and, in the case of pre-folding, simultaneously unfurls laterally along the sides to assume the full width. However, the laterally projecting arms 24a, 26a remain in the extended condition to engage the lateral sides of the initially unfurled, unrolled mesh, and thus continue to provide full support for it adjacent the interface between the roof and rib. Similarly, the arms 24b, 26b support the mesh intermediate of the lateral sides. In view of the inherent flexibility, the arms 24a, 24b and 26a, 26b can bend and automatically continue to apply a suitable amount of tension to the mesh M in the corresponding direction as the vehicle V advances.
At the point where the movement of the vehicle V in the forward direction overcomes the biasing force provided, the arms 24a, 26a “backbend” in the travel (or longitudinal) direction X as the result of the continued engagement with the corresponding web W of the mesh M (see, e.g.,
A similar progression may occur along the mesh M once dispensed from the dispenser 12 with the rearwardly directed arms 24b, 26b, if present. However, the tensioning function may be somewhat less important at this location, since the previous pinning of the mesh (or the retention by hooks K) combined with the resistive force created by the weight of the roll L in the dispenser 12 will inherently provide some level of tension to the unfurled intermediate portion of the mesh.
In this regard, it may be desirable to associate an optional keeper with the open end of the cradle 14 to provide a hold-down function for the roll L of mesh, especially during unrolling. As shown in
Successive rows of bolts or anchors may be installed by repeating the above-described sequence, which full and reliable support provided by the arms 24a, 24b and 26a, 26b in the manner described. Advantageously, this not only simplifies the application of the mesh by avoiding the need for any significant operator intervention, but also results in the mesh being reliably applied in an evenhanded manner as the result of the constant and correct amount of tension being manually applied, including as the associated vehicle V advances along the passage. In cases where the mesh width exceeds that of the width of the mine passage, such as through folding, the present system 10 further reliably allows for the mesh to be applied to multiple faces of the mine passage, such as the roof and one or both ribs, without any significant adjustment.
The use of the disclosed dispenser 12 in the form of a cradle 14 avoids the need for independently supporting the mesh roll L for rotation, such as about a fixed spindle or the like, which greatly reduces the amount of time associated with loading the mesh into the cradle. Also, the frictional engagement between the roll L and the inside curved surfaces of main and side portions 14a-14c of the cradle 14 helps to prevent the mesh from sagging to any significant degree upon being paid out from the dispenser 12. This type of arrangement further avoids the need for complicated clutches, take-up motors, or the like for applying an appropriate level of tension to prevent unraveling of the mesh in the travel direction. A significant reduction in cost and complexity results, which are key considerations given the conditions under which the machine is operated in an underground mine, as well as the consequences of downtime in terms of making the repair underground as may be necessary to allow the mining operation to proceed.
As should be appreciated, it is also possible to use this type of system 10 when applying mesh only to the roof of the mine passage. In this case, the arms 24a, 26a may provide a similar support and temporary holding function along the lateral sides. Likewise, the rearwardly projecting arms 24b, 26b provide similar support and tensioning for the mesh M unrolled in a direction opposite to the travel direction.
The flexible material used in the arms 24a, 24b and 26a, 26b, as well as possibly for the keepers 30, preferably comprises polyurethane having a durometer (Shore A) hardness of about 50 and, most preferably a durometer (Shore A) hardness of about 60. In the preferred embodiment, the exposed length of the arm made of this material and falling within this hardness range is estimated to be approximately 22-24 inches to provide the desired bending function(s) to tension the mesh followed by the desired release to maintain the tension in a substantially evenhanded manner, with about 4-6 inches of each arm retained in the corresponding receiver associated with the holder 24a 26c. However, it should be appreciated that the particular approach may vary depending on the particular type of mesh used, as well as the relative dimensions of the particular vehicle and size of the passage for which the corresponding supplemental protection is desired.
Also, in the illustrated embodiment, the connector portion 16 is pivotally mounted to the vehicle V. This is done to allow the dispenser 12 to hang freely in the normal operative position. However, in situations where the vehicle V advances to a point where the front end is adjacent to a vertical face at the end of a mine passage, this pivoting potentially allows the dispenser 12 to move rearwardly without being damaged, and without compromising the continued ability of the mesh to remain supported in the intended manner by the arms 24a, 24b; 26a, 26b.
The foregoing descriptions of various embodiments of the invention are provided for purposes of illustration, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limiting. Modifications or variations are also possible in light of the above teachings. For example, it is possible to use more than two arms for supporting the mesh. The embodiments described above were chosen to provide the best application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the disclosed inventions in various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. All such modifications and variations are within the scope of the invention.
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