Patent Application
20190133795
The present technology relates generally to methods and devices for treating vascular defects, and particularly to diverting blood flow from a blood vessel into an aneurysm. Some embodiments of the present technology relate to flow-diverting mesh devices.
Aneurysms are an abnormal bulging or ballooning of a blood vessel that can result from the vessel wall being weakened by disease, injury, or a congenital abnormality. Aneurysms have thin, weak walls and tend to rupture, which can lead to stroke, death, disability, etc. One method of treating aneurysms includes inserting a flow-diverting stent or braid into a parent vessel that includes the aneurysm to be treated. Such stents or braids can be inserted into a vessel in a collapsed state, positioned next to the neck of the aneurysm, and expanded into apposition with the vessel wall. If the stent or braid has a sufficiently low porosity, it can function to block the flow of blood through the device and into the aneurysm to induce embolization of the aneurysm.
However, some aneurysms—and especially cerebral aneurysms—are located in small and tortuous portions of the vasculature. Current designs for flow-diverting stents or braids have difficulty achieving a snug fit across the neck of the aneurysm if the parent vessel is curved, twisted, or forked. For example, current designs generally suffer from crimping or kinking when positioned in such tortuous vessels. This can make it more difficult to position a flow-diverting device and can cause the device to have an inadequate porosity as the device is expanded within the vessel. Also, current designs often undesirably block blood flow to branching or secondary vessels that are close to the aneurysm. Accordingly, there exists a need for improved flow-diverting devices for treating aneurysms.
Expandable devices can be delivered into vascular system to divert flow. According to some embodiments, expandable devices are provided for treating aneurysms by diverting flow. A flow-diverting expandable device can include two or more tubular meshes arranged coaxially. One or both of the tubular meshes may comprise a plurality of struts and/or bridges and be configured to be implanted in a blood vessel. The expandable device can be expandable to an expanded state at an aneurysm. The expandable device can have at least a section for spanning the neck of the aneurysm and a plurality of pores or openings located between the struts/bridges. The expandable device can have a sidewall and a plurality of pores/openings in the sidewall that are sized to inhibit flow of blood through the sidewall into an aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm when the expandable device is positioned in a blood vessel and adjacent to the aneurysm. The subject technology is illustrated, for example, according to various aspects described below.
Further, some embodiments can provide a delivery system for treating an aneurysm. The system can comprise a microcatheter configured to be implanted into a blood vessel, a core member, extending within the microcatheter, having a distal segment, and the device extending along the core member distal segment.
The subject technology is illustrated, for example, according to various aspects described below. Various examples of aspects of the subject technology are described as numbered clauses (1, 2, 3, etc.) for convenience. These are provided as examples and do not limit the subject technology.
Clause 1. An expandable device comprising:
Clause 2. The expandable device of Clause 1 wherein the first strut is located on a first side of a first apex of the first strut region and the second strut is located on a second side of a second apex of the second strut region, the first and second apices being adjacent to each other, and the first side being opposite the second side.
Clause 3. The expandable device of Clause 1 or Clause 2 wherein the plurality of struts comprises a plurality of linear struts.
Clause 4. The expandable device of Clause 3 wherein each of the linear struts is coupled to an adjacent linear strut at one of the plurality of apices so as to form a zig-zag shape.
Clause 5. The expandable device of any one of Clauses 1-4 wherein the plurality of bridges comprises a plurality of s-shaped bridges.
Clause 6. The expandable device of any one of Clauses 1-5 wherein the first curved segment intersects the second circumferential plane at two different points, and wherein the second curved segment intersects the first circumferential plane at two different points.
Clause 7. The expandable device of any one of Clauses 1-6 wherein the bridge comprises a first end joined to the second strut and a second end opposite the first end and joined to the first strut, and wherein the first curved segment extends from the first end towards the first strut region, and the second curved segment extends from the second end towards the second strut region.
Clause 8. The expandable device of any one of Clauses 1-7 wherein each of the bridges is coupled to a strut region at a location away from the apices of the strut region.
Clause 9. The expandable device of any one of Clauses 1-8 wherein the expandable device is a mesh.
Clause 10. The expandable device of any one of Clauses 1-9 wherein the expandable device is a laser-cut sheet.
Clause 11. The expandable device of any one of Clauses 1-10 wherein the expandable device is non-braided.
Clause 12. The expandable device of any one of Clauses 1-11, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device has a pattern of struts and openings configured to inhibit flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 13. The expandable device of Clause 1, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device comprises means for inhibiting flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 14. The expandable device of Clause 1, wherein the expandable device comprises a thin film in which the strut regions and bridge regions are formed.
Clause 15. The expandable device of Clause 14, wherein the thin film is formed via a deposition process.
Clause 16. The expandable device of Clause 14, wherein the thin film comprises nitinol.
Clause 17. The expandable device of Clause 14, wherein the thin film comprises a metal or alloy, and a radiopaque material disposed on the metal or alloy.
Clause 18. The expandable device of Clause 17, wherein the radiopaque material is disposed only in areas of low stress concentration.
Clause 19. The expandable device of Clause 14, wherein the thin film is no more than 4 millimeters in maximum thickness.
Clause 20. A method comprising deploying the expandable device of any one of Clauses 1-19 in a blood vessel across an aneurysm and thereby inhibiting the flow of blood through a sidewall of the expandable device into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 21. An expandable device comprising:
Clause 22. The expandable device of Clause 21 wherein both of the first tubular mesh and the second tubular mesh are non-braided.
Clause 23. The expandable device of Clause 21 wherein the second tubular mesh is a tubular weave.
Clause 24. The expandable device of Clause 23 wherein the tubular weave is formed of a single wire.
Clause 25. The expandable device of Clause 21 wherein the second tubular mesh is a braid.
Clause 26. The expandable device of Clause 21 wherein the first tubular mesh is a laser-cut sheet.
Clause 27. The expandable device of Clause 21, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device has a pattern of struts and openings configured to inhibit flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 28. The expandable device of Clause 21, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device comprises means for inhibiting flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 29. The expandable device of Clause 21, wherein the expandable device comprises a thin film in which the strut regions and bridge regions are formed.
Clause 30. The expandable device of Clause 29, wherein the thin film is formed via a deposition process.
Clause 31. The expandable device of Clause 29, wherein the thin film comprises nitinol.
Clause 32. The expandable device of Clause 29, wherein the thin film comprises a metal or alloy, and a radiopaque material disposed on the metal or alloy.
Clause 33. The expandable device of Clause 32, wherein the radiopaque material is disposed only in areas of low stress concentration.
Clause 34. The expandable device of Clause 29, wherein the thin film is no more than 4 millimeters in maximum thickness.
Clause 35. A method comprising deploying any one of the expandable devices of Clauses 21-34 in a blood vessel across an aneurysm and thereby inhibiting the flow of blood through a sidewall of the expandable device into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 36. An expandable device comprising:
Clause 37. The expandable device of Clause 36 wherein at least one of the first closed polygonal cell and the second closed polygonal cell is a quadrilateral.
Clause 38. The expandable device of Clause 36 wherein the plurality of closed polygonal cells comprises a plurality of diamond-shaped cells.
Clause 39. The expandable device of Clause 36 wherein, within the individual strut regions, each closed polygonal cell is coupled to an adjacent closed polygonal cell at one of the apices.
Clause 40. The expandable device of Clause 36 wherein the plurality of bridges comprises a plurality of sinusoidal bridges.
Clause 41. The expandable device of Clause 36 wherein the expandable device is a mesh.
Clause 42. The expandable device of Clause 36 wherein the expandable device is a laser-cut sheet.
Clause 43. The expandable device of Clause 36, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device has a pattern of struts and openings configured to inhibit flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 44. The expandable device of Clause 36, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device comprises means for inhibiting flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 45. The expandable device of Clause 36, wherein the expandable device comprises a thin film in which the strut regions and bridge regions are formed.
Clause 46. The expandable device of Clause 37, wherein the thin film is formed via a deposition process.
Clause 47. The expandable device of Clause 37, wherein the thin film comprises nitinol.
Clause 48. The expandable device of Clause 37, wherein the thin film comprises a metal or alloy, and a radiopaque material disposed on the metal or alloy.
Clause 49. The expandable device of Clause 40, wherein the radiopaque material is disposed only in areas of low stress concentration.
Clause 50. The expandable device of Clause 37, wherein the thin film is no more than 4 millimeters in maximum thickness.
Clause 51. A method comprising deploying any one of the expandable devices of Clauses 36-50 in a blood vessel across an aneurysm and thereby inhibiting the flow of blood through a sidewall of the expandable device into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 52. An expandable device comprising:
Clause 53. The expandable device of Clause 52 wherein both of the first tubular mesh and the second tubular mesh are non-braided.
Clause 54. The expandable device of Clause 52 wherein the second tubular mesh is a tubular weave.
Clause 55. The expandable device of Clause 54 wherein the tubular weave is formed of a single wire.
Clause 56. The expandable device of Clause 52 wherein the second tubular mesh is a braid.
Clause 57. The expandable device of Clause 52 wherein the first tubular mesh is a laser-cut sheet.
Clause 58. The expandable device of Clause 52, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device has a pattern of struts and openings configured to inhibit flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 59. The expandable device of Clause 52, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device comprises means for inhibiting flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 60. The expandable device of Clause 52, wherein the expandable device comprises a thin film in which the strut regions and bridge regions are formed.
Clause 61. The expandable device of Clause 60, wherein the thin film is formed via a deposition process.
Clause 62. The expandable device of Clause 60, wherein the thin film comprises nitinol.
Clause 63. The expandable device of Clause 60, wherein the thin film comprises a metal or alloy, and a radiopaque material disposed on the metal or alloy.
Clause 64. The expandable device of Clause 63, wherein the radiopaque material is disposed only in areas of low stress concentration.
Clause 65. The expandable device of Clause 60, wherein the thin film is no more than 4 millimeters in maximum thickness.
Clause 66. A method comprising deploying any one of the expandable devices of Clauses 52-66 in a blood vessel across an aneurysm and thereby inhibiting the flow of blood through a sidewall of the expandable device into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 67. An expandable device comprising:
Clause 68. The expandable device of Clause 67 wherein each of the bridges includes a first curved segment and a second curved segment having opposing concavities.
Clause 69. The expandable device of Clause 68 wherein the first plurality of apices define a first circumferential plane and the second plurality of apices define a second circumferential plane, wherein the first curved segment of the bridge extending across the first circumferential plane towards the first strut region, and the second curved segment of the bridge extending across the second circumferential plane towards the second strut region.
Clause 70. The expandable device of Clause 67 wherein each of the bridges includes a first indented segment and a second indented segment having opposing indentions.
Clause 71. The expandable device of Clause 70 wherein the first plurality of apices define a first circumferential plane and the second plurality of apices define a second circumferential plane, wherein the first indented segment of the bridge extending across the first circumferential plane towards the first strut region, and the second indented segment of the bridge extending across the second circumferential plane towards the second strut region.
Clause 72. The expandable device of Clause 67 wherein the plurality of struts comprises a plurality of linear struts.
Clause 73. The expandable device of Clause 72 wherein each of the linear struts is coupled to an adjacent linear strut at one of the plurality of apices so as to form a zig-zag shape.
Clause 74. The expandable device of Clause 67 wherein the plurality of bridges comprises a plurality of s-shaped bridges.
Clause 75. The expandable device of Clause 67 wherein the first curved segment intersects the second circumferential plane at two different points, and wherein the second curved segment intersects the first circumferential plane at two different points.
Clause 76. The expandable device of Clause 67 wherein the bridge comprises a first end joined to the second strut and a second end opposite the first end and joined to the first strut, and wherein the first curved segment extends from the first end towards the first strut region, and the second curved segment extends from the second end towards the second strut region.
Clause 77. The expandable device of Clause 67 wherein each of the bridges is coupled to a strut region at a location away from the apices of the strut region.
Clause 78. The expandable device of Clause 67 wherein the expandable device is a mesh.
Clause 79. The expandable device of Clause 67 wherein the expandable device is a laser-cut sheet.
Clause 80. The expandable device of Clause 67 wherein the expandable device is non-braided.
Clause 81. The expandable device of Clause 67, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device has a pattern of struts and openings configured to inhibit flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 82. The expandable device of Clause 67, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device comprises means for inhibiting flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 83. The expandable device of Clause 67, wherein the expandable device comprises a thin film in which the strut regions and bridge regions are formed.
Clause 84. The expandable device of Clause 83, wherein the thin film is formed via a deposition process.
Clause 85. The expandable device of Clause 83, wherein the thin film comprises nitinol.
Clause 86. The expandable device of Clause 83, wherein the thin film comprises a metal or alloy, and a radiopaque material disposed on the metal or alloy.
Clause 87. The expandable device of Clause 86, wherein the radiopaque material is disposed only in areas of low stress concentration.
Clause 88. The expandable device of Clause 83, wherein the thin film is no more than 4 millimeters in maximum thickness.
Clause 89. A method comprising deploying any one of the expandable devices of Clauses 67-89 in a blood vessel across an aneurysm and thereby inhibiting the flow of blood through a sidewall of the expandable device into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 90. An expandable device comprising:
Clause 91. The expandable device of Clause 90 wherein each of the bridges includes a first curved segment and a second curved segment having opposing concavities.
Clause 92. The expandable device of Clause 91 wherein the first plurality of apices define a first circumferential plane and the second plurality of apices define a second circumferential plane, wherein the first curved segment of the bridge extending across the first circumferential plane towards the first strut region, and the second curved segment of the bridge extending across the second circumferential plane towards the second strut region.
Clause 93. The expandable device of Clause 90 wherein each of the bridges includes a first indented segment and a second indented segment having opposing indentions.
Clause 94. The expandable device of Clause 93 wherein the first plurality of apices define a first circumferential plane and the second plurality of apices define a second circumferential plane, wherein the first indented segment of the bridge extending across the first circumferential plane towards the first strut region, and the second indented segment of the bridge extending across the second circumferential plane towards the second strut region.
Clause 95. The expandable device of Clause 90 wherein both of the first tubular mesh and the second tubular mesh are non-braided.
Clause 96. The expandable device of Clause 90 wherein the second tubular mesh is a tubular weave.
Clause 97. The expandable device of Clause 96 wherein the tubular weave is formed of a single wire.
Clause 98. The expandable device of Clause 90 wherein the second tubular mesh is a braid.
Clause 99. The expandable device of Clause 90 wherein the first tubular mesh is a laser-cut sheet.
Clause 100. The expandable device of Clause 90, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device has a pattern of struts and openings configured to inhibit flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 101. The expandable device of Clause 90, wherein the expandable device is sized for deployment next to a vascular aneurysm, and wherein a sidewall of the expandable device comprises means for inhibiting flow of blood through the sidewall into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
Clause 102. The expandable device of Clause 90, wherein the expandable device comprises a thin film in which the strut regions and bridge regions are formed.
Clause 103. The expandable device of Clause 102, wherein the thin film is formed via a deposition process.
Clause 104. The expandable device of Clause 102, wherein the thin film comprises nitinol.
Clause 105. The expandable device of Clause 102, wherein the thin film comprises a metal or alloy, and a radiopaque material disposed on the metal or alloy.
Clause 106. The expandable device of Clause 105, wherein the radiopaque material is disposed only in areas of low stress concentration.
Clause 107. The expandable device of Clause 102, wherein the thin film is no more than 4 millimeters in maximum thickness.
Clause 108. A method comprising deploying any one of the expandable devices of Clauses 90-107 in a blood vessel across an aneurysm and thereby inhibiting the flow of blood through a sidewall of the expandable device into the aneurysm to a degree sufficient to lead to thrombosis and healing of the aneurysm.
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide further understanding of the subject technology and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this description, illustrate aspects of the subject technology and, together with the specification, serve to explain principles of the subject technology.
In the following detailed description, specific details are set forth to provide an understanding of the present technology. However, the present technology may be practiced without some of these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the present technology.
The terminology used in the description presented below is intended to be interpreted in its broadest reasonable manner, even though it is being used in conjunction with a detailed description of certain specific embodiments of the disclosure. Certain terms may even be emphasized below; however, any terminology intended to be interpreted in any restricted manner will be overtly and specifically defined as such in this Detailed Description section.
Aspects of the present disclosure are directed generally toward devices that can be delivered into a vascular system to divert flow. According to some embodiments, such devices are provided for treating aneurysms by diverting flow. For example, a device according to the present technology can be configured to interfere with blood flow to generally reduce the exchange of blood between a parent vessel and an aneurysm, which can induce thrombosis of the aneurysm. A device (or a device component, such as a frame and/or mesh) that interferes with blood flow in this manner can be said to have a “flow diverting” property.
The device 10 can include a first mesh 100 (or “mesh 100”) and a second mesh 200 (or “mesh 200”) disposed on and/or around the first mesh 100 such that the second mesh 200 is farther from the central longitudinal axis L of the device 10 than the first mesh 100. In some embodiments, the device 10 does not include the first mesh 100 and only includes the second mesh 200. An inner surface of the first mesh 100 defines a lumen extending through the device 10. As described in greater detail below, the first mesh 100 can be configured to stabilize and provide structural support to the device 10, while the second mesh 200 can be configured to divert blood flow away from the aneurysm and/or promote endothelialization with the blood vessel wall.
The first mesh 100 may be a self-expanding, porous, tubular structure formed of a single interwoven filament, a plurality of braided filaments, a laser-cut metal, a thin film formed via a deposition process, and other suitable porous structures. As shown in
The second mesh 200 may be a non-braided, self-expanding tubular structure formed by thin film deposition. Examples of second meshes 200 for use with the flow-diverting devices of the present technology are discussed in greater detail below with reference to
The first and second meshes 100, 200 can be formed using known flexible and/or superelastic materials such as nitinol, stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys (e.g., 35N LT® (Fort Wayne Metals, Fort Wayne, Ind.)), Elgiloy, magnesium alloys, tungsten, tantalum, platinum, or combinations thereof, or one or more polymers, or combinations of polymers and metals. In some embodiments, the first mesh 100 may include one or more drawn-filled tube (“DFT”) wires comprising an inner material surrounded by a different outer material. The inner material, for example, may be radiopaque material, and the outer material may be a superelastic material.
The first mesh 100 may have a diameter in the unconstrained, expanded state (not shown) that is slightly larger than the diameter of the second mesh 200 in the unconstrained, expanded state. As such, when the device 10 is in an expanded, unconstrained state (as shown in
Referring still to
In the tube-like or coiled shape, the second mesh 200 can be circumferentially continuous or discontinuous. In those embodiments where the second mesh 200 is continuous, the longitudinal edges 203a, 203b can be joined (e.g., via laser welding) along all or a portion of their respective lengths. In those embodiments where the second mesh 200 is circumferentially discontinuous, the second mesh 200 can have a slit extending longitudinally along all or a portion of its length. In some embodiments, the longitudinal edges 203a, 203b of the second mesh 200 can overlap in the generally tubular configuration or be separated by a gap in the circumferential direction, or abut one another.
In some embodiments, the struts and bridges 212, 214 may be formed by depositing a thin film on the surface of a tubular frame in a desired pattern (e.g., via thin film deposition, vapor deposition, or combinations thereof), or by laser-cutting the desired pattern into a tubular sheet of material.
As best shown in
Adjacent struts 212 may connect to one another at apices 216, and the strut regions 204 may have first apices 218a that point towards the second end 10b of the device 10 (
Within some or all of the bridge regions 205, some or all of the bridges 214 include a first curved segment 220 and a second curved segment 222 such that the bridges 214 are generally S-shaped. As shown in
The ends of each of the bridges 214 connect to the struts 212 of adjacent strut regions 204. For example, in some embodiments, some or all of the bridges 214 within some or all of the bridge regions 205 connect a first strut 212a of a first strut region 204a to a second strut 212b of a second strut region 204b that is adjacent to the first strut region 204a. As shown in
As shown in
In some embodiments, some or all of the bridges 214 may have one or more linear segments. In some embodiments, some or all of the bridges 214 comprise only linear segments and do not include curved segments. In those embodiments where the bridges 214 include only linear segments, the bridge 214 may form a zig-zag shape between its ends that are connected to the struts of the first and second strut regions. For example, the bridge 214 may include first, second, and third linear segments. The first linear segment may extend from a strut of the first strut region 204a towards the second strut region 204b (but does not connect to a strut of the second strut region 204b). The first linear segment may cross the first and second planes P1 and P2 (in that order). The second linear segment may extend from the unconnected end of the first linear segment back towards the first strut region 204a (but does not connect to a strut of the first strut region 204a). The second linear segment may cross the second plane P2, the third plane P3, then the first plane P1. The third linear segment may extend from the unconnected end of the second linear segment back towards the second strut region 204b and connects to a strut of the second strut region 204b. The third linear segment may cross the first and second planes P1 and P2 (in that order). The change in direction of the bridge 214 between the first and second segments creates a first indented segment of the bridge, and the change in direction of the bridge 214 between the second and third segments creates a second indented segment of the bridge 214 that faces away from the first indented segment. In any of the foregoing embodiments, some or all of the first, second, and third segments may be curved rather than linear. For example, in some embodiments, one or more of the bridges may have a first linear segment, a second curved segment rather than a second linear segment, and a third linear segment.
In some embodiments, at least one of the polygonal cells 301 is a quadrilateral. In some embodiments, at least one of the polygonal cells 301 is diamond-shaped.
Each of the plurality of bridge regions 305 extend between adjacent strut regions 304 and include a plurality of bridges 314. Some or all of the bridges 314 may be sinusoidal. Within some or all of the bridge regions 305, some or all of the bridges 314 include a first end coupled to a first closed polygonal cell 301 of a first strut region 304a at a location away from the apices 316 of the first strut region 304a, and a second end coupled to a second closed polygonal cell 301 of a second strut region 304b adjacent to the first strut region 304a at a location away from the apices 316 of the second strut region 304b. In some embodiments, within some or all of the strut regions 304, some or all of the closed polygonal cells 301 are coupled to an adjacent closed polygonal cell 300 at one of the apices 316.
In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, some or all of the bridges and/or some or all of the struts can comprise a radiopaque marker. The radiopaque marker can be disposed on a substantially straight section of a bridge and/or a strut, so the radiopaque marker is predominantly not subject to bending or flexing. For example, the radiopaque marker(s) can be disposed a distance away from an apex. The radiopaque marker(s) can be formed on the bridges and/or the struts by a process that is the same or different than a process used to form the bridges and/or the struts, which is discussed further herein.
In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, the second meshes can provide a porosity of 5-95%.
In any of the embodiments disclosed herein, within some or all of the bridge regions, some or all of the bridges can be non-branching between the ends of the bridge. Within some or all of the bridge regions, some or all of the bridges can be unconnected to any other bridge. Each bridge region can have, e.g., 28-108 bridges.
The respective thicknesses of the struts and the bridges disclosed herein can be measured as a dimension that is orthogonal to a central axis when the flow-diverting device and/or second mesh is considered in a tubular shape or as a dimension that is orthogonal to a plane of the device when represented as laid-flat. The length of a strut can be measured as a distance extending between ends of a strut, where the ends connect to another structure. The length of a bridge can be measured as a distance extending between its ends along its central longitudinal axis. The respective widths of the struts and the bridges can be measured as the distance that is generally orthogonal to the length and thickness. The width and length of a strut can contribute to a surface coverage and porosity of the device 10 and/or second mesh. According to some embodiments, a thickness of the struts and/or the bridges disclosed herein can be 5-50 μm, for example 50 μm. According to some embodiments, a width of the struts and/or the bridges disclosed herein can be 5-50 μm, for example 50 μm.
Some or all of the struts and/or bridges disclosed herein can have a square cross-section. However, some or all of the struts and bridges discloses herein may have other suitable cross-sectional shapes, such as rectangular, polygonal, round, ovoid, elliptical, or combinations thereof.
For any of the second mesh embodiments disclosed herein, one or more of the bridges within a given bridge region can have the same or different length, width, thickness, as one or more of the other bridges within the same bridge region. In some embodiments, all of bridges of all of the bridge regions can have the same length, width, and/or thickness. In some embodiments, all of bridges of one or more bridge regions can have a different length, width, and/or thickness as all of the bridges of some or all of the other bridge regions.
For any of the second mesh embodiments disclosed herein, one or more of the struts within a given strut region can have the same or different length, width, thickness, as one or more of the other struts within the same strut region. In some embodiments, all of struts of all of the strut regions can have the same length, width, and/or thickness. In some embodiments, all of struts of one or more strut regions can have a different length, width, and/or thickness as all of the struts of some or all of the other strut regions.
According to some embodiments, the second meshes disclosed herein can be formed by a photolithography process. A substrate can be provided with a base for supporting the formation of the expandable device. The base (e.g., copper) can be used temporarily as a buffer between the substrate and a primary material used to form the expandable device. After the base is provided on the substrate, the primary material is provided thereon, for example by vapor deposition. The primary material, such as a metal or alloy (e.g., nitinol) can be provided as a thin film of substantially uniform thickness. For example, the thin film can have a thickness no greater than 4 mm. In some embodiments, the thin film of the second mesh can have a thickness of 0.001-4 millimeters, and in some embodiments, the thin film can have a thickness of 0.01-3 mm, or 0.001-2 mm, or 0.001-1 mm, or 0.001-0.1 mm, or 0.001-0.01 mm. Portions of the primary material can be removed to form the structure of the expandable device. For example, a photomask, based on a strut pattern, can be used to selectively expose portions of the primary material to light and etch the primary material into the desired shape for the expandable device. Alternatively or in combination, a chemical agent can be used to remove the portions of the primary material that are not protected by a photoresist. The base can then be eroded to separate the expandable device from the substrate. The expandable device can be further treated to form a desired shape (e.g., tubular) and have the desired heat set and/or shape memory properties.
In some embodiments, a radiopaque material is disposed on the deposited metal or alloy. In some embodiments, the radiopaque material in disposed only in areas of low stress concentration.
As mentioned elsewhere herein, the present disclosure includes methods of treating a vascular condition, such as an aneurysm, with any of the embodiments of the expandable devices disclosed herein. The expandable device could be deployed across the neck of an aneurysm and its flow-diverting properties employed to impede blood flow between the aneurysm and the parent vessel, cause the blood inside the aneurysm to thrombose, and lead to healing of the aneurysm. The expandable devices disclosed herein may also be used to treat other vascular defects. For example, the expandable devices of the present technology may be used to remove clot material from a blood vessel (e.g., as a thrombectomy device).
In order to implant any of the flow-diverting devices and/or second meshes (referred to generically as “expandable devices”) disclosed herein, the expandable device can be mounted in a delivery system. For example, the first or second end region of the expandable device can be configured to be detachably coupled to an elongate delivery system. Generally, the delivery system can comprise an elongate core member that supports or contains the expandable device, and both components can be slidably received in a lumen of a microcatheter (e.g., a 0.021″ or 0.027″ microcatheter) or other elongate sheath for delivery to any region to which the distal opening of the microcatheter can be advanced. The core member is employed to advance the expandable device through the microcatheter and out the distal end of the microcatheter so that the expandable device is allowed to self-expand into place in the blood vessel, across an aneurysm or other treatment location. Accordingly, a vascular treatment apparatus can comprise a delivery system, such as any of the delivery systems described herein, and an expandable device, such as any of the flow-diverting devices and/or second meshes described herein, mounted in or on the delivery system.
A treatment procedure can begin with obtaining percutaneous access to the patient's arterial system, typically via a major blood vessel in a leg or arm. A guidewire can be placed through the percutaneous access point and advanced to the treatment location, which can be in an intracranial artery, or any neurovascular artery, peripheral artery or coronary artery. (As configured for neurovascular use, any of the expandable devices disclosed herein can have, e.g., a diameter of 2-8 mm in the relaxed state or the expanded state; such expandable devices used in the peripheral or coronary vasculature can have, e.g., a diameter of 1-20 mm in the relaxed state or the expanded state.) The microcatheter is then advanced over the guidewire to the treatment location and situated so that a distal open end of the guidewire is adjacent to the treatment location. The guidewire can then be withdrawn from the microcatheter and the core member, together with the expandable device mounted thereon or supported thereby, can be advanced through the microcatheter and out the distal end thereof. The expandable device can then self-expand into apposition with the inner wall of the blood vessel. Where an aneurysm is being treated, the expandable device is placed across the neck of the aneurysm so that a sidewall of the expandable device separates the interior of the aneurysm from the lumen of the parent artery.
Once the expandable device has been placed, the core member and microcatheter are removed from the patient. The expandable device sidewall can now perform a flow-diverting function on the aneurysm, thrombosing the blood in the aneurysm and leading to healing of the aneurysm.
The foregoing description is provided to enable a person skilled in the art to practice the various configurations described herein. While the subject technology has been particularly described with reference to the various figures and configurations, it should be understood that these are for illustration purposes only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the subject technology.
There may be many other ways to implement the subject technology. Various functions and elements described herein may be partitioned differently from those shown without departing from the scope of the subject technology. Various modifications to these configurations will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and generic principles defined herein may be applied to other configurations. Thus, many changes and modifications may be made to the subject technology, by one having ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the scope of the subject technology.
A phrase such as “an aspect” does not imply that such aspect is essential to the subject technology or that such aspect applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an aspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. An aspect may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrase such as “an aspect” may refer to one or more aspects and vice versa. A phrase such as “an embodiment” does not imply that such embodiment is essential to the subject technology or that such embodiment applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to an embodiment may apply to all embodiments, or one or more embodiments. An embodiment may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrase such “an embodiment” may refer to one or more embodiments and vice versa. A phrase such as “a configuration” does not imply that such configuration is essential to the subject technology or that such configuration applies to all configurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to a configuration may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. A configuration may provide one or more examples of the disclosure. A phrase such as “a configuration” may refer to one or more configurations and vice versa.
It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes disclosed is an illustration of exemplifying approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged. Some of the steps may be performed simultaneously. Various methods are disclosed presenting elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
Furthermore, to the extent that the term “include,” “have,” or the like is used herein, such term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprise” as “comprise” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a Clause.
A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically stated, but rather “one or more.” The term “some” refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various configurations described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and intended to be encompassed by the subject technology. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the above description.
While certain aspects and embodiments of the subject technology have been described, these have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the subject technology. Indeed, the novel methods and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms without departing from the spirit thereof. The numbered clauses and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the subject technology.
