Claims
- 1. A mesomorphic compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR253## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently denote any one of the following groups (i)-(iv):
- (i) an n-alkyl group having 4-14 carbon atoms;
- (ii) ##STR254## wherein m is an integer of 0-6 and n is an integer of 2-8; (iii) ##STR255## wherein r is an integer of 0-6, s is 0 or 1 and t is an integer of 1-12; and
- (iv) ##STR256## wherein m is 0 or 1 and x is an integer of 1-14; X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 independently denote a single bond, ##STR257## X.sub.2 denotes a single bond, ##STR258## A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 independently denote a single bond, ##STR259## X.sub.4a, X.sub.5a, X.sub.4b, X.sub.5b, X.sub.4c and X.sub.5c independently denote hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, --CH.sub.3, --CN or --CF.sub.3 ; and n is 0 or 1, with proviso that: X.sub.1 always denotes a single bond when A.sub.1 denotes a single bond, X.sub.3 always denotes a single bond when A.sub.2 denotes a single bond and n is 0; A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 cannot be single bonds simultaneously; X.sub.3 cannot be --O-- when X.sub.1 denotes a single bond or --O--, A.sub.1 denotes a single bond or ##STR260## and --A.sub.2 .paren open-st.X.sub.2 --A.sub.3 .paren close-st..sub.n denotes ##STR261## and X.sub.1 cannot be a single bond when A.sub.1 denotes ##STR262## and A.sub.2 denotes a single bond and n is 0.
- 2. A mesomorphic compound according to claim 1, which is represented by any one of the following formulas (Ia)-(Iq): ##STR263## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently denote any one of the following groups (i)-(iv):
- (i) an n-alkyl group having 4-14 carbon atoms;
- (ii) ##STR264## wherein m is an integer of 0-6 and n is an integer of 2-8; (iii) ##STR265## wherein r is an integer of 0-6, s is 0 or 1 and t is an integer of 1-12; and
- (iv) ##STR266## wherein m is 0 or 1 and x is an integer of 1-14; X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 independently denote a single bond, ##STR267## X.sub.2 denotes a single bond, ##STR268## and X.sub.4a, X.sub.5a, X.sub.4b, X.sub.5b, X.sub.4c and X.sub.5c independently denote hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, --CH.sub.3, --CN or --CF.sub.3 ; with proviso that X.sub.3 cannot be --O-- when X.sub.4b and X.sub.5b are both hydrogen in the formula (Ia), or when X.sub.4a, X.sub.5a, X.sub.4b and X.sub.5b are all hydrogen in the formula (If); and X.sub.1 cannot be a single bond when X.sub.4a and X.sub.5a are both hydrogen in the formula (Ii).
- 3. A mesomorphic compound according to claim 1, which is represented by any one of the following formulas (Iaa)-(Ina): ##STR269## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently denote any one of the following groups (i)-(iv):
- (i) an n-alkyl group having 4-14 carbon atoms;
- (ii) ##STR270## wherein m is an integer of 0-6 and n is an integer of 2-8; (iii) ##STR271## wherein r is an integer of 0-6, s is 0 or 1 and t is an integer of 1-12; and
- (iv) ##STR272## wherein m is 0 or 1 and x is an integer of 1-14; X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 independently denote a single bond, ##STR273## X.sub.4a, X.sub.5a, X.sub.4b, X.sub.5b, X.sub.4c, and X.sub.5c independently denote hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, --CH.sub.3, --CN or --CF.sub.3.
- 4. A liquid crystal composition comprising at least two mesomorphic compounds, at least one of which is a mesomorphic compound of the formula (I) according to any one of claims 1-2.
- 5. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises 1-500 wt. parts of a mesomorphic compound of the formula (I) per 100 wt. parts of at least one species of another mesomorphic compound other than the mesomorphic compound of the formula (I).
- 6. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises 1-500 wt. parts of two or more species of mesomorphic compounds of the formula (I) per 100 wt. parts of at least one species of another mesomorphic compound other than the mesomorphic compound of the formula (I).
- 7. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which assumes a chiral smectic phase.
- 8. A liquid crystal device, comprising a pair of electrode plates and a liquid crystal composition according to claim 4 disposed between the electrode plates.
- 9. A liquid crystal device according to claim 8, which further comprises an insulating alignment control layer.
- 10. A display apparatus comprising a liquid crystal device according to claim 8, and voltage application means for driving the liquid crystal device.
- 11. A display apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the liquid crystal device constitutes a display panel wherein the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules is switched by utilizing ferroelectricity of the liquid crystal composition to effect display.
- 12. A display method comprising:
- providing a liquid crystal composition according to claim 4 having ferroelectricity, and
- switching the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules based on the ferroelectricity of the liquid crystal composition to effect display.
- 13. A display method, comprising:
- providing a liquid crystal device according to claim 8, and
- switching the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules to effect display based on the ferroelectricity of the liquid crystal composition contained in the liquid crystal device.
- 14. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises at least one species of another mesomorphic compound of the following formula (III): ##STR274## wherein R'.sub.1 and R'.sub.2 independently denote any one of the following groups (i) to (vii):
- i) a linear alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms;
- ii) ##STR275## wherein p denotes an integer of 0-5 and q denotes an integer of 1-11; iii ) ##STR276## wherein r denotes an integer of 0-6, s denotes 0 or 1, and t denotes an integer of 1-14;
- (iv) ##STR277## wherein u denotes 0 or 1 and v denotes an integer of 1-16; v) ##STR278## wherein w denotes an integer of 1-15; vi) ##STR279## wherein A denotes an integer of 0-2 and B denotes an integer of 1-15; and vii) ##STR280## wherein C denotes an integer of 0-2 and D denotes an integer of 1-15; e denotes 0 or 1 and f denotes 0 or 1 with proviso that e+f=0 or 1; Y' denotes H, halogen, CH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3 ; X.sub.1 ' and X.sub.2 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR281## and X.sub.3 ' and X.sub.4 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR282##
- 15. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises at least one species of another mesomorphic compound of the following formula (IV): ##STR283## wherein R.sub.1 ' and R.sub.2 ' independently denote any one of the following groups (i) to (vii):
- i) a linear alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms;
- ii) ##STR284## wherein p denotes an integer of 0-5 and q denotes an integer of 1-11; iii) ##STR285## wherein r denotes an integer of 0-6, s denotes 0 or 1, and t denotes an integer of 1-14;
- iv) ##STR286## wherein u denotes 0 or 1 and v denotes an integer of 1-16; v) ##STR287## wherein w denotes an integer of 1-15; vi) ##STR288## wherein A denotes an integer of 0-2 and B denotes an integer of 1-15; and vii) ##STR289## wherein C denotes an integer of 0-2 and D denotes an integer of 1-15; g and h respectively denote 0 or 1 with proviso that g+h=1; i denotes 0 or 1; X.sub.1 ' and X.sub.2 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR290## and X.sub.3 ', X.sub.4 ' and X.sub.5 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR291##
- 16. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises at least one species of another mesomorphic compound of the following formula (V): ##STR292## wherein R'.sub.1 and R'.sub.2 independently denote any one of the following groups (i) to (vii):
- i) a linear alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms;
- ii) ##STR293## wherein p denotes an integer of 0-5 and q denotes an integer of 1-11; iii) ##STR294## wherein r denotes an integer of 0-6, s denotes 0 or 1, and t denotes an integer of 1-14;
- iv) ##STR295## wherein u denotes 0 or 1 and v denotes an integer of 1-16; v) ##STR296## wherein w denotes an integer of 1-15; vi) ##STR297## wherein A denotes an integer of 0-2 and B denotes and integer of 1-15; and
- vii) ##STR298## wherein C denotes an integer of 0-2 and D denotes and integer of 1-15; j denotes 0 or 1; Y.sub.1 ', Y.sub.2 ' and Y.sub.3 ' respectively denote H, halogen, CH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3 ; X.sub.1 ' and X.sub.2 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR299## and X.sub.3 ' and X.sub.4 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR300##
- 17. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises at least one species of another mesomorphic compound of the following formula (VI): ##STR301## wherein R'.sub.1 and R'.sub.2 independently denote any one of the following groups (i) to (vii):
- i) a linear alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms;
- ii) ##STR302## wherein p denotes an integer of 0-5 and q denotes and integer of 1-11; iii) ##STR303## wherein r denotes an integer of 0-6, s denotes 0 or 1, and t denotes an integer of 1-14;
- iv) ##STR304## wherein u denotes 0 or 1 and v denotes an integer of 1-16; v) ##STR305## wherein w denotes an integer of 1-15; vi) ##STR306## wherein A denotes an integer of 0-2 and B denotes an integer of 1-15; and vii) ##STR307## wherein C denotes an integer of 0-2 and D denotes an integer of 1-15; k, l and m respectively denote 0 or 1 with proviso that k+l+m=0, 1 or 2; X.sub.1 ' and X.sub.2 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR308## and X.sub.3 ' and X.sub.4 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR309##
- 18. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises at least one species of another mesomorphic compound of the following formula (VII): ##STR310## wherein R'.sub.3 and R.sub.4 ' independently denote any one of the following groups (i) to (vii):
- (i) a linear alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms;
- (ii) ##STR311## wherein p denotes an integer of 0-5 and q denotes an integer of 1-11; (iii) ##STR312## wherein r denotes an integer of 0-6, s denotes 0 or 1, and t denotes an integer of 1-14;
- iv) ##STR313## wherein u denotes 0 or 1 and v denotes an integer of 1-16; v) ##STR314## v) wherein w denotes an integer of 1-15;
- vi) ##STR315## wherein A denotes an integer of 0-2 and B denotes an integer of 1-15; and vii) ##STR316## wherein C denotes an integer of 0-2 and D denotes an integer of 1-15; wherein E denotes 0 or 1; X.sub.1 ' and X.sub.2 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR317## and X.sub.3 ' denotes a single bond, ##STR318##
- 19. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises at least one species of another mesomorphic compound of the following formula (VIII): ##STR319## wherein R'.sub.3 and R'.sub.4 independently denote any one of the following groups (i) to (vii):
- i) a linear alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms;
- ii) ##STR320## wherein p denotes an integer of 0-5 and q denotes an integer of 1-11; iii) ##STR321## wherein r denotes an integer of 0-6, s denotes 0 or 1, and t denotes an integer of 1-14;
- iv) ##STR322## wherein u denotes 0 or 1 and v denotes an integer of 1-16; v) ##STR323## wherein w denotes an integer of 1-15; vi) ##STR324## wherein A denotes an integer of 0-2 and B denotes an integer of 1-15; and vii) ##STR325## wherein C denotes an integer of 0-2 and D denotes and integer of 1-15; F and G respectively denote 0 or 1; X.sub.1 ' and X.sub.2 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR326## and X.sub.3 ' and X.sub.4 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR327##
- 20. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises at least one species of another mesomorphic compound of the following formula (IX): ##STR328## wherein R'.sub.5 and R'.sub.6 independently denote any one of the following groups (i) to (vi):
- i) a linear alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms;
- ii) ##STR329## wherein p denotes an integer of 0-5 and q denotes and integer of 1-11; iii) ##STR330## wherein r denotes an integer of 0-6, s denotes 0 to 1, and t denotes an integer of 1-14;
- iv) ##STR331## wherein w denotes an integer of 1-15; v) ##STR332## wherein A denotes an integer of 0-2 and B denotes and integer of 1-15; and
- vi) ##STR333## wherein C denotes an integer of 0-2 and D denotes an integer of 1-15; H and J respectively denote 0 or 1 with proviso that H+J=0 or 1; X.sub.1 ' and X.sub.2 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR334## A.sub.1 ' denotes ##STR335## and X.sub.3 ' and X.sub.4 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR336##
- 21. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises at least one species of another mesomorphic compound of the following formula (X): ##STR337## wherein R'.sub.5 and R'.sub.6 independently denote any one of the following groups (i) to (vi):
- i) a linear alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms;
- ii) ##STR338## wherein p denotes an integer of 0-5 and q denotes and integer of 1-11; iii) ##STR339## wherein r denotes an integer of 0-6, s denotes 0 or 1, and t denotes an integer of 1-14;
- iv) ##STR340## wherein w denotes an integer of 1-15; v) ##STR341## wherein A denotes an integer of 0-2 and B denotes an integer of 1-15; and (vi) ##STR342## wherein C denotes an integer of 0-2 and D denotes an integer of 1-15; X.sub.1 ' and X.sub.2 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR343## A.sub.1 ' denotes ##STR344## and X.sub.3 ' and X.sub.4 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR345##
- 22. A liquid crystal composition according to claim 4, which comprises at least one species of another mesomorphic compound of the following formula (XI): ##STR346## wherein R'.sub.5 and R'.sub.6 independently denote any one of the following groups (i) to (vi):
- i) a linear alkyl group having 1-15 carbon atoms;
- ii) ##STR347## wherein p denotes an integer of 0-5 and q denotes an integer of 1-11; iii) ##STR348## wherein r denotes an integer of 0-6, s denotes 0 or 1, and t denotes an integer of 1-14;
- iv) ##STR349## wherein w denotes an integer of 1-15; v) ##STR350## wherein A denotes an integer of 0-2 and B denotes an integer of 1-15; and vi) ##STR351## wherein C denotes an integer of 0-2 and D denotes an integer of 1-15; X.sub.1 ' and X.sub.2 ' respectively denote a single bond, ##STR352## A.sub.3 ' denotes ##STR353## and X.sub.3 ' denotes a single bond, ##STR354##
Priority Claims (3)
| Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
| 2-016811 |
Jan 1990 |
JPX |
|
| 2-147034 |
Jun 1990 |
JPX |
|
| 2-332677 |
Nov 1990 |
JPX |
|
Parent Case Info
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/065,690, filed May 25, 1993, now abandoned which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/645,458, filed Jan. 24, 1991, now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (7)
Foreign Referenced Citations (3)
| Number |
Date |
Country |
| 8808019 |
Apr 1988 |
DEX |
| 56-107216 |
Aug 1981 |
JPX |
| 0008019 |
Oct 1988 |
WOX |
Non-Patent Literature Citations (6)
| Entry |
| Schadt et al. "Applied Physics Letters", vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 127-128 (1971). |
| Zaschke et al., "J. Prake. Chem." vol. 321, pp. 643-654 (1979). |
| "Organic Synthesis-Coll. vol. 6" p. 34 (1988). |
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| J. Practical Chemistry, vol. 321, No. 4 (1979) 643-54. |
Continuations (2)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
| Parent |
65690 |
May 1993 |
|
| Parent |
645458 |
Jan 1991 |
|
Patent Grant
5595685
