Patent Application
20120172558
1. Technical Field
This application relates to a polymer, and more generally to a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer.
2. Description of Related Art
Polymeric materials are inseparable from human daily life. For example, blend fabric clothes, plastic bags, automobile tires and bumpers, precise electric materials or even artificial bones are associated with polymeric materials. A polymer is usually formed from monomers through a polymerization reaction. Due to the time-consuming polymerization process, “two-liquid type” polymer and “one-liquid type” polymer are developed to shorten the synthesis time and broaden the application.
The “two-liquid type” polymer includes a main agent and an auxiliary agent. These two agents are mixed before using. For example, the epoxy resin adhesive of two-liquid type includes a resin as a main agent and a hardener as an auxiliary agent. Due to separate preservation of the agents, the “two-liquid type” polymer can be preserved for a long period of time, without interaction between the agents that causes the polymer degradation. Further, the mixture of the agents usually has better quality (such as heat resistance) as compared with the “one-liquid type” polymer. However, an additional mixing step before using is required.
The “one-liquid type” polymer is formed by mixing all required materials. For example, the epoxy resin adhesive of one-liquid type includes a resin, a solvent, a hardener and an inhibitor, etc. The “one-liquid type” polymer can be used right after unsealing. However, the preservation is difficult. Usually, it is required to be preserved under low temperature (e.g. below room temperature) to avoid the polymer degradation.
Both “two-liquid type” polymer and “one-liquid type” polymer have the problem in which the viscosity of the polymer is increased as it is exposed to air too long after unsealing. As a result, the polymer is hardened and can not be used anymore.
Therefore, a material with the above advantages but without the above drawbacks is deeply desired so as to broaden the application.
Accordingly, the disclosure provides a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer, in which a mixing step is omitted, long preservation is possible at room temperature (or above room temperature), and abrupt change in viscosity after unsealing is avoided.
A meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer is introduced herein. The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer formed by reacting Compound (A) and Compound (B). Compound (A) is a monomer with a reactive terminal functional group. Compound (B) is a heterocyclic amino aromatic derivative as an initiator. A molar ratio of Compound (A) to Compound (B) is from 10:1 to 1:10.
Based on the above, the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of the disclosure can be stored at low or middle temperature for a long period of time, while maintaining its stable properties such as viscosity and particle size distribution. Furthermore, the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer has part of the reactive functional groups remained, and the remaining reactive function groups can be re-induced to react by applying an appropriate temperature or voltage; and thus, the purpose of the application can be easily achieved.
In order to make the features and advantages of the application clearer and more understandable, the following embodiments are illustrated in detail with reference to the appended drawings.
Several exemplary embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below to further describe the disclosure in details.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
A meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of the disclosure is formed by reacting Compound (A) and Compound (B). Compound (A) is a monomer with a reactive terminal functional group. Compound (B) is a heterocyclic amino aromatic derivative as an initiator. A molar ratio of Compound (A) to Compound (B) is from 10:1 to 1:10.
Compound (B) is represented by one of Formula (1) to Formula (9):
wherein R1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, dimethylamino, or —NH2; and R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, halo, or —NH2.
In an embodiment, examples of Compound (B) are as shown in Table 1.
It is appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the derivative of each compound in Table 1 or any combination of the compounds in Table 1 can serve as Compound (B) for synthesizing the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of the disclosure. For example, Compound (B) may also be an imidazole derivative or a pyrrole derivative.
In an embodiment, Compound (A) is a maleimide monomer, represented by one of Formula (10) to Formula (13):
wherein n is an integer of 0 to 4; R6 is —RCH2R′—, —RNHR—, —C(O)CH2—, —R′OR″OR′—, —CH2OCH2—, —C(O)—, —O—,—O—O—, —S—, —S—S—, —S(O)—, —CH2S(O)CH2—, —(O)S(O)—, —C6H4—, —CH2(C6H4)CH2—, —CH2(C6H4)(O)—, —CH2—(NC2H4)—C2H4—, siloxane, biphenylenyl, substituted phenylene or substituted biphenylenyl, R is C1-4 alkylene, R′ is C1-4 alkylene, biphenylenyl, substituted phenylene or substituted biphenylenyl, R″ is C1-4 alkylene, substituted phenylene or —C6H4—C(CF3)2—C6H4—, biphenylenyl or substituted biphenylenyl; R7 is RiCH2—, —CH2—(O)—, —C(CH3)2—, —O—,—O—O—, —S—, —S—S—, —(O)S(O)—, —C(CF3)2— or —S(O)—, Ri is C1-4 alkylene; and R8 is hydrogen, C1-4 alkyl, phenyl, benzyl, cyclohexyl, —SO3H, —C6H4CN, N-methoxy carbonyl, —(C6H4)—O(C2H4O)—CH3, C2H4—(C2H4O)11—OCH3 or —C(O)CH3.
Examples of the maleimide monomer are as shown in Table 2.
In another embodiment, Compound (A) may also be poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate, bis[[4-[(vinyloxy)methyl]cyclohexyl]methyl]isophthalate, or triallyl trimellitate.
Next, a synthesis method of the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of the disclosure is described. Firstly, Compound (A) is dissolved in a solvent, to form a mixture solution. Then, Compound (B) is added into the mixture solution in batches, and thermally polymerized by heating. The molar ratio of Compound (A) to Compound (B) is, for example, from 10:1 to 1:10, or from 1:1 to 5:1.
The solvent includes γ-butyrolactone (GBL), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), N-methyl pyrrollidone (NMP), or a suitable high-polarity solvent, and is capable of providing high dissolution ability, which is beneficial to the thermal polymerization of the reactants. Moreover, the application scope of the mixture solution is widened by the flexible variation of the solid content.
Compound (B) may be added in 2-30 equivalent batches or non-equivalent batches, and preferably in 4-16 batches; an adding time interval may be 5 minutes to 6 hours, and preferably 15 minutes to 2 hours; and the reaction may be performed at a temperature of 60-150° C., and preferably 120-140° C. Furthermore, reaction time refers to a time that the reaction lasts after Compound (B) is completely added, and may be 0.5 hour to 48 hours, and preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
That is to say, Compound (B) is gradually added, in batches at a time interval (multiple times, e.g. twice or more times), into the mixture solution of Compound (A)/solvent system at the reaction temperature for thermal polymerization, so that gelation or a network structure generated by over reaction caused by adding of
Compound (B) completely at one time can be avoided.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer synthesized in the disclosure can be stored at room temperature (or higher) for a long time, and the viscosity thereof will not change drastically after unsealing. Furthermore, the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of the disclosure has part of the reactive functional groups remained, thus being beneficial to the subsequent processing, and optionally, the remaining reactive functional groups may be facilitated to react by heating or applying a voltage. In an embodiment, the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer is re-induced to react at a temperature of 120-220° C., to convert the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer into a macromolecular polymer completely. In an embodiment, the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer is a narrow polydispersity polymer having a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.9-1.7 and a GPC peak time of 19-24 minutes. In an embodiment, polydispersity index (PDI) is defined as weight average molecular weight divided by number average molecular weight (Mw/Mn).
Hereinafter, multiple synthesis examples are illustrated to verify the efficacy of the disclosure.
Firstly, oligomer of phenylmethane maleimide (Compound (A)) was dissolved in EC/PC in an amount of 3%, to form a mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline (Compound (B)) was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 8 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 1. The molar ratio of 3% oligomer of phenylmethane maleimide to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 1 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 20.5 min and a PDI of 1.2, as shown in
Firstly, 4,4′-diphenylmethane bismaleimide (Compound (A)) was dissolved in GBL in an amount of 5%, to form a mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline (Compound (B)) was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 100° C. for 15 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 2. The molar ratio of 5% 4,4′-diphenylmethane bismaleimide to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 2 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 22.4 min and a PDI of 1.2, as shown in
Firstly, oligomer of phenylmethane maleimide (Compound (A)) was dissolved in NMP in an amount of 3%, to form a mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline (Compound (B)) was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 150° C. for 3 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 3. The molar ratio of 3% oligomer of phenylmethane maleimide to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 4:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 3 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 22.6 min and a PDI of 1.2, as shown in
Firstly, 4,4′-diphenylmethane bismaleimide (Compound (A)) was dissolved in NMP in an amount of 3%, to form a mixture solution. Next, imidazole (Compound (B)) was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 8 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 4. The molar ratio of 3% 4,4′-diphenylmethane bismaleimide to imidazole was 4:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 4 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 22.8 min and a PDI of 1.3, as shown in
Firstly, 1,6′-bismaleimide-(2,2,4-trimethyl)hexane (Compound (A)) was dissolved in GBL in an amount of 3%, to form a mixture solution. Next, pyridazine (Compound (B)) was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 100° C. for 12 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 5. The molar ratio of 3% 1,6′-bismaleimide-(2,2,4-trimethyl)hexane to pyridazine was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 5 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 22.2 min and a PDI of 1.5, as shown in
Firstly, 2,2′-bis[4-(4-maleimidophenoxy)phenyl]propane (Compound (A)) was dissolved in GBL in an amount of 3%, to form a mixture solution. Next, pyridine (Compound (B)) was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 60° C. for 24 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 6. The molar ratio of 3% 2,T-bis[4-(4-maleimidophenoxy)phenyl]propane to pyridine was 4:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 6 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 19 min and a PDI of 1.2, as shown in
Firstly, oligomer of phenylmethane maleimide (Compound (A)) was dissolved in EC/PC in an amount of 5%, to form a mixture solution. Next, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5,-triazine (Compound (B)) was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 12 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 7. The molar ratio of 5% oligomer of phenylmethane maleimide to 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5,-triazine was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 7 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 20.1 min and a PDI of 1.1, as shown in
Firstly, oligomer of phenylmethane maleimide (Compound (A)) was dissolved in EC/PC in an amount of 5%, to form a mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline (Compound (B)) was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 80° C. for 18 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 8. The molar ratio of 5% oligomer of phenylmethane maleimide to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 10:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 8 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 20.5 min and a PDI of 1.5, as shown in
Firstly, 2,2′-bis[4-(4-maleimidophenoxy)phenyl]propane (Compound (A)) was dissolved in GBL in an amount of 5%, to form a mixture solution. Next, 4-tert-butylpyridine (Compound (B)) was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 60° C. for 24 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 9. The molar ratio of 5% 2,2′-bis[4-(4-maleimidophenoxy)phenyl]propane to 4-tert-butylpyridine was 4:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 9 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 20 min and a PDI of 1.5, as shown in
Firstly, 4,4′-diphenylmethane bismaleimide and 2,2-bis(4-(p-maleimidophenoxy)-phenyl)-hexafluoropropane in a molar ratio of 4:1 were dissolved in EC/PC, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 8 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 10. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 10 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 23.1 min and a PDI of 1.5, as shown in
Firstly, 4,4′-diphenylmethane bismaleimide and 2,2-bis(4-(p-maleimidophenoxy)-phenyl)-hexafluoropropane in a molar ratio of 2:1 were dissolved in EC/PC, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 8 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 11. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 11 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 23.7 min and a PDI of 1.5, as shown in
Firstly, 4,4′-diphenylmethane bismaleimide and 1,8-bis-maleimidodiethylene glycol in a molar ratio of 2:1 were dissolved in EC/PC, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 8 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 12. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 12 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 19.3 min and a PDI of 1.5, as shown in
Firstly, tris(2-maleimidoethyl)amine and 2,2-bis(4-(p-maleimidophenoxy)-phenyl)-hexafluoropropane in a molar ratio of 2:1 were dissolved in EC/PC, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 4 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 13. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 13 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 20 2 min and a PDI of 1.1, as shown in
Firstly, 1,8-bis-maleimidodiethylene glycol and 2,2-bis(p-maleimidophenyl)-hexafluoropropane in a molar ratio of 4:1 were dissolved in EC/PC, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 120° C. for 6 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 14. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 14 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 23.2 min and a PDI of 1.2, as shown in
Firstly, 4,4′-diphenylether bismaleimide and 2,2-bis(4-(p-maleimidophenoxy)-phenyl)-hexafluoropropane in a molar ratio of 4:1 were dissolved in EC/PC, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 100° C. for 15 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 15. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 15 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 20.2 min and a PDI of 1.1, as shown in
Firstly, 4,4′-diphenylsulfone bismaleimide and 2,2-bis(4-(p-maleimidophenoxy)-phenyl)-hexafluoropropane in a molar ratio of 4:1 were dissolved in EC/PC, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 8 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 16. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 16 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 21 min and a PDI of 1.6, as shown in
Firstly, 1,3-bis(3-maleimidophenoxy)benzene and 2,2-bis(4-(p-maleimidophenoxy)-phenyl)-hexafluoropropane in a molar ratio of 4:1 were dissolved in EC/PC, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 8 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 17. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 17 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 20.5 min and a PDI of 1.6, as shown in
Firstly, tris(2-maleimidoethyl)amine was dissolved in EC/PC in an amount of 3%, to form a mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 8 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 18. The molar ratio of 3% tris(2-maleimidoethyl)amine to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 18 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 21.3 min and a PDI of 1.2, as shown in
Firstly, 1,8-bis-maleimidodiethylene glycol and 4-maleimido-benzenesufonic acid in a molar ratio of 4:1 were dissolved in EC/PC, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 130° C. for 8 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 19. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 19 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 22.5 min and a PDI of 1.3, as shown in
Firstly, 1,8-bis-maleimidodiethylene glycol and 2,2-bis(4-(p-maleimidophenoxy)-phenyl)-hexafluoropropane in a molar ratio of 4:1 were dissolved in GBL, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 120° C. for 8 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 20. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 2,4-dimethyl-2-imidazoline was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 20 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 20.5 min and a PDI of 1.3, as shown in
Firstly, tris(2-maleimidoethyl)amine and 4-maleimidophenol in a molar ratio of 2:1 were dissolved in GBL, to form a 3% mixture solution. Next, 4-tert-butylpyridine was added into the mixture solution in batches, for thermal polymerization at 110° C. for 6 hours, so as to obtain a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 21. The molar ratio of 3% mixture solution to 4-tert-butylpyridine was 2:1.
The meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 21 was a narrow polydispersity polymer having a GPC peak time of 19 min and a PDI of 1.1, as shown in
Table 3 summaries synthesis conditions and experimental results of Examples 1-21.
Furthermore, GPC stability test and viscosity stability test were also performed on the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of Example 3, as shown in
In the above embodiments, Compound (B) is described with a heterocyclic amino aromatic derivative as a nucleophilic initiator as an example; however, the disclosure is not limited thereto. Persons of ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that, Compound (B) may also be a tertiary amine or a secondary amine, which is reacted with Compound (A) (that is, a monomer with a reactive terminal functional group), to generate a meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer.
In summary, the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of the disclosure has the advantages of both “two-liquid type” and “one-liquid type” polymers but without the drawbacks of the same. In details, the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of the disclosure does not require a mixing step and can be stored at room temperature (or above room temperature) for a long period of time, and the viscosity thereof will not change drastically after unsealing.
Furthermore, the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of the disclosure has part of the functional groups remained, which is beneficial to the subsequent processing, and optionally, the remaining reactive function groups may be facilitated to react by heating or applying a voltage. The application of the meta-stable state nitrogen-containing polymer of the disclosure is wide, such as an electrolyte additive of a secondary battery, a water-keeping layer of a fuel cell, a solid electrolyte, etc.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the structure of the disclosed embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. In view of the foregoing, it is intended that the disclosure cover modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they fall within the scope of the following claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 99146605 | Dec 2010 | TW | national |
| 100147749 | Dec 2011 | TW | national |
This application is a continuation-in-part of a prior U.S. application Ser. No. 13/109,008, filed on May 17, 2011, now pending, which claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application serial no. 99146605, filed on Dec. 29, 2010. This application also claims the priority benefit of Taiwan application serial no. 100147749, filed on Dec. 21, 2011. The entirety of each of the above-mentioned patent applications is hereby incorporated by reference herein and made a part of this specification.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13109008 | May 2011 | US |
| Child | 13339386 | US |
