Metal Coating For A Kitchen Utensil

Abstract

The invention relates to a metal coating for a utensil for cooking food products.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A coating according to the present invention consists of an aluminum-based alloy containing more than 80% by weight of one or more quasicrystalline or approximant phases, having the atomic composition Al_a(Fe_1-xX_x)_b(Cr_1-yY_y)_cZ_zJ_j in which:

• • X represents one or more elements isoelectronic with Fe, chosen from Ru and Os;
  • Y represents one or more elements isoelectronic with Cr, chosen from Mo and W;
  • Z is an element or a mixture of elements chosen from Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mn, Re, Rh, Ni and Pd;
  • J represents the inevitable impurities other than Cu;
  • a+b+c+z=100;
  • 5≦b≦15; 10≦c≦29; 0≦z≦10;
  • xb≦2;
  • yc≦2; and
  • j<1.

In one particular embodiment, the quasicrystalline alloy has an atomic composition Al_aFe_bCr_cJ_j, in which:

• • a+b+c+j=100; and
  • 5≦b≦15; 10≦c≦29; j<1.

A coating according to the present invention may be obtained from an ingot produced beforehand or from ingots of the separate elements taken as targets in a sputtering reactor, or by vapor deposition in which the vapor is produced by the vacuum melting of the bulk material, in all cases from materials containing no copper.

The coating may also be obtained by thermal spraying, for example using an oxy-gas torch, a supersonic torch or a plasma torch, starting from a powder consisting of an alloy having the desired final composition.

The coating may also be obtained by electrodeposition, starting from a powder of quasicrystalline alloy having the composition desired for the final coating.

An alloy intended to be used in bulk form or in powder form for the production of a coating according to the invention may be obtained by conventional metallurgical smelting processes, that is to say those which include a slow cooling phase (i.e. ΔT/t less than a few hundred degrees per minute). For example, ingots may be obtained by melting the separate metal elements or from prealloys in a lined graphite crucible under a covering of shielding gas (argon, nitrogen), with a covering flux conventionally used in smelting metallurgy, or in a crucible maintained under vacuum. It is also possible to use crucibles made of cooled copper or refractory ceramic, with heating by a high-frequency current. An alloy powder may therefore be prepared by mechanical milling. A powder consisting of spherical particles may furthermore be obtained by atomizing the liquid alloy using an argon jet according to a conventional technique, such a powder being particularly suitable for the preparation of coatings by thermal spraying.

Another subject of the present invention is a utensil or vessel for cooking food products, in which the surface in contact with the food products has a coating according to the present invention.

The present invention is illustrated by the following example, to which it is not, however, limited.

EXAMPLE

Preparation of an AlFeCr Coating by Plasma Spraying

An alloy having the atomic composition Al₌₇₀Fe₌₁₀Cr₌₂₀ (that is to say a weight composition Al_=54.2Fe_=16.0Cr_=29.8) was made in powder form by atomization, with a capillary diameter of 4 mm and a nitrogen pressure of 4 bar. The powder was separated into particle size fractions and the powders having a particle size between 20 μm and 90 μm were retained. The actual mass composition of the powder after atomization was Al_53.8±0.5Fe_16.4±0.2Cr_29.9±0.3.

Using the powder thus obtained, a coating was deposited on a 316L stainless steel substrate preheated to 250° C., using a plasma torch with a hydrogen flow rate of 0.4 1/min. The coating obtained had a thickness of 200 to 300 μm.

For comparison, coatings were deposited by plasma spraying on 316L stainless steel substrates using the relatively copper-rich composition Al₇₁,Cr_10.6Fe_8.7Cu_9.7 (“Cristome Al”) and from the composition Al_69.5Cu_0.54Cr_20.26Fe_9.72 (All) in which the copper content was very low.

Corrosion tests (galvanic test, impedance measurements and immersion test) were carried out on specimens consisting of a disk 25 mm in diameter which were treated by metallographic polishing to a felt laden with 3 μm diamond particles.

Galvanometric Tests

The galvanic tests simulated accelerated corrosion. They were carried out on a coating according to the invention of example 1, and, for comparison, on the Al and All alloy coatings using the following operating method. A specimen to be tested, that will serve as working electrode, a platinum plate which will serve as counterelectrode, and a reference electrode were immersed in an aqueous 0.35M NaCl solution at 60° C. An increasing potential was applied between the reference electrode and the specimen. ΔE represents the shift between the floating potential (that is to say the potential that exists intrinsically between the specimen and the reference electrode) and the potential above which the coating starts to dissolve. The results of the galvanic tests carried out are given in the table below.

Impedance Measurements

The impedance measurements were carried out in a cell similar to that used for the galvanic tests. Starting from the equilibrium potential, the sinusoidal potential around the equilibrium potential was applied and the complex impedance was measured as a function of the frequency of the sinusoid. A Nyquist plot was plotted, this being modeled using the equivalent circuits that give interfacial capacitances (connected with the developed area of the specimen) and transfer resistances (connected with the resistance to the flow in solution of the metal ions). The corrosion current I_c was determined through the equation I_c=0.02/Rt, Rt being the transfer resistance.

Immersion Tests

For the immersion tests, the specimens were kept for 20 h in an aqueous 0.35M NaCl solution at 60° C. After the specimens were extracted, the surface finish was examined and the immersion solutions were analyzed.

The results of all of the tests are given in the table below.

	Specimen	Example 1	A1	A11
	Vickers hardness (100 g	462	400
	load)
	Corrosion tests
	IC	9	20	21
	ΔE (in V)	1.36	0.40
	Transfer resistance after	65300	15500
	2 h (Ω/cm2)
	Immersion test, dissolution
	measurement
	Al (mg/l)	0.50	1.10
	Cr (mg/l)	<0.01	0.14
	Fe (mg/l)	<0.01	0.10
	Cu (mg/l)		<0.01

These results show that the absence of Cu makes the alloy less sensitive to corrosion in the 0.35M NaCl medium and less sensitive to dissolution in salt water. A very low quantity of Cu, of around 0.54 at %, that is to say an order of magnitude of that of the impurities, is sufficient for the corrosion resistance of an alloy to be significantly reduced. It thus appears to be imperative for the alloys used for the cooking utensil coatings to be completely free of copper.

Claims

1. A coating for a utensil or vessel for cooking food products, comprising an aluminum-based alloy containing more than 80% by weight of one or more quasicrystalline or approximant phases, having the composition Ala(Fe1-xXx)b(Cr1-yYy)cZzJj in which: X represents one or more elements isoelectronic with Fe, chosen from Ru and Os;Y represents one or more elements isoelectronic with Cr, chosen from Mo and W;Z is an element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mn, Re, Rh, Ni, Pd and mixtures thereof;J represents the inevitable impurities other than copper;a+b+c+z=100;5≦b≦15; 10≦c≦29;0≦z≦10;xb≦2;yc≦2; andj<1.

2. The coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the quasicrystalline alloy has an atomic composition AlaFebCrcJj, in which: a+b+c+j=100; and5≦b≦15; 10≦c≦29; j<1.

3. A utensil or vessel for cooking food products, wherein the surface of said utensil or vessel that is in contact with the food products has a coating as claimed in claim 1.

4. A utensil or vessel for cooking food products, wherein the surface of said utensil or vessel that is in contact with the food products has a coating as claimed in claim 2.