Patent Grant
10640980
The present invention generally relates to metal panel assemblies for building surfaces and, more particularly, to electrically grounding such panel assemblies.
Metal panels are being increasingly used to define building surfaces such as roofs and sidewalls. One type of metal panel is a standing seam panel, where portions of adjacent standing seam panels of the building surface are interconnected/nested in a manner that defines a standing seam. Standing seam panels are expensive compared to other metal panels, and building surfaces defined by metal panels may be more costly than other types of building surface constructions.
It is often desirable to install various types of structures on building surfaces, such as heating, air conditioning, and ventilation equipment. Installing structures on standing seam panel building surfaces in a manner that punctures the building surface at one or more locations is undesirable in a number of respects. One is simply the desire to avoid puncturing what is a relatively expensive building surface. Another is that increasing the number of locations where a metal panel building surface is punctured may increase the potential for leakage and/or corrosion.
Electrical equipment of various types may be installed on a panel assembly defined by a plurality of interconnected metal panels. It is possible that the panel assembly could be energized by such electrical equipment.
The present invention is embodied by a clip that may be installed on a metal panel assembly to electrically connect a pair of adjacent metal panels of this panel assembly. Hereafter such a clip may be referred to herein as an electrical bonding clip (to electrically “bond” two metal panels together—to electrically interconnect or provide an electrical path between these two adjacent metal panels). Generally, the electrical bonding clip is configured to simultaneously engage each metal panel of a pair of adjacent metal panels. In one embodiment the electrical bonding clip is installed in a first orientation on the panel assembly (e.g., a vertical orientation (e.g., orthogonal to a pitch of the overall panel assembly); where a closed end of the electrical bonding clip is at least generally vertically disposed/oriented relative to the overall panel assembly; where the electrical bonding clip is installed on interconnected portions of adjacent panels from the panel assembly, such as on a standing seam). Another embodiment has the electrical bonding clip being installed in a second orientation on the panel assembly, where this second orientation is different from the noted first orientation (e.g., a horizontal orientation (e.g., parallel to a pitch of the overall panel assembly); where a closed end of the electrical bonding clip is at least generally horizontally disposed/oriented relative to the overall panel assembly; where one portion of the electrical bonding clip engages the upper and lower surface of only one metal panel, where another portion of this same electrical bonding clip engages only the upper and lower surfaces of an adjacent metal panel, and where an intermediate portion of the electrical bonding clip extends between these two panel-engaging portions and is disposed on only one side (e.g., an underside) of the panel assembly). The present invention encompasses such an electrical bonding clip, alone/individually or as incorporated by a panel assembly that includes a plurality of interconnected metal panels.
A first aspect of the present invention is directed to a panel assembly having a first metal panel, a second metal panel, and an electrical bonding clip. The first and second metal panels include first and second edge portions, respectively, with a standing seam being defined by the interconnection of the first and second edge portions. The electrical bonding clip engages at least part of the first metal panel and also engages at least part of the second metal panel to provide an electrical connection or path between the first and second metal panels.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the first aspect of the present invention. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. The following discussion is applicable to this first aspect. Unless otherwise noted herein and with regard to the electrical bonding clip being in its installed configuration for the panel assembly: 1) a horizontal or lateral dimension coincides with a width of the standing seam, where the lateral dimension will typically be oriented so as to be at a constant elevation proceeding across a sloped roofing surface that incorporates the panel assembly; 2) a longitudinal dimension is orthogonal to the lateral dimension and coincides with a length of the standing seam, including where the length dimension of the standing seam is significantly greater than the width dimension of the standing seam, and where the longitudinal dimension will typically coincide with/match a pitch of a sloped roofing surface that incorporates the panel assembly; and 3) a vertical or height dimension is orthogonal to a reference plane that contains each of the lateral dimension and the longitudinal dimension (e.g., orthogonal to a pitch of the overall panel assembly).
The standing seam defined by the interconnection of the first and second edge portions of the first and second metal panels, respectively, may be of any appropriate configuration. For instance, the standing seam may be in the form of a hollow seam rib of any appropriate configuration (e.g., having a pair of rib sidewalls that are separated from one another by an open space). The standing seam may also be of a single lock/fold configuration or a double lock/fold configuration.
The first metal panel and the second metal panel each may include a pair of edge portions (or side edge portions or longitudinal edge portions) that are oppositely disposed and spaced from one another (e.g., spaced in the noted lateral dimension). The first metal panel and the second metal panel each may include a pair of ends (or lateral edges) that are oppositely disposed and spaced from one another (e.g., spaced in the noted longitudinal dimension). Each edge portion for both the first metal panel and the second metal panel extends between the two ends of its corresponding panel. A standing seam that is collectively by interconnected edge portions of a pair of adjacently disposed panels of the panel assembly may be characterized as being disposed/oriented orthogonally to the two ends (or lateral edges) of each of these metal panels.
The electrical bonding clip may be mounted on the standing seam, for instance so as to simultaneously engage adjacently disposed/interfacing portions of the first and second metal panels that are part of the standing seam (e.g., the electrical bonding clip may engage overlapping portions of the first metal panel and the second metal panel that define at least part of the standing seam). The electrical bonding clip may also be configured and installed such that: 1) a first portion of the electrical bonding clip engages the upper and lower surface of only the first metal panel and on a first side of the standing seam in/relative to the lateral dimension; 2) a second portion of the electrical bonding clip engages the upper and lower surface of only the second metal panel and on a second side of the standing seam in/relative to the lateral dimension, where the first and second sides of the standing seam are opposite of one another; and 3) an intermediate portion of the electrical bonding clip extends between the noted first and second portions and is disposed on only one side (e.g., an underside) of the panel assembly, including where this intermediate portion is engaged with the panel assembly and/or where this intermediate portion is actually spaced from the panel assembly.
Any appropriate electrically-conductive material or combination of materials (e.g., stainless steel; a conductive metal or metal alloy) may be used to form the electrical bonding clip. One embodiment has the electrical bonding clip being of an integral construction such that there is not a joint of any kind between any adjacent portions of the electrical bonding clip. One embodiment has the entirety of the electrical bonding clip being formed of an electrically-conductive metal or electrically-conductive metal alloy.
The electrical bonding clip may be characterized as including at least one clip section, such as a first clip section. Each clip section (and including the first clip section) for the electrical bonding clip may include a first clip member and a second clip member that are disposed in opposing relation to one another, with a living hinge interconnecting the first clip member and the second clip member. This living hinge may define a “closed-end” for the first clip section, including where the first clip section includes an “open-end” that is opposite of this closed-end, and where the “open-end” is defined at least in part by the first clip member (e.g., a free end thereof) and the second clip member (e.g., a free end thereof) being movable relatively away from one another (e.g., by a pivotal or pivotal-like motion about the living hinge). A length dimension of the living hinge (or stated another way the axis about which the first clip member may move relative to its corresponding second clip member) may coincide with the vertical dimension in the installed configuration for the electrical bonding clip, or may coincide with the lateral dimension in the installed configuration for the electrical bonding clip.
The first clip member may be biased toward the second clip member. Moving the first clip member away from and relative to the second clip member (e.g., the respective free ends thereof) may be opposed by at least one biasing force (e.g., by an elastic deflection of the above-noted living hinge). One embodiment (e.g., where the electrical bonding clip has a single clip section) has a first surface of the first clip member facing or projecting toward a second surface of the second clip member that faces the first clip member (e.g., the first surface of the first clip member and the second surface of the second clip member may face or project toward one another). The first surface of the first clip member may include at least one first grounding projection of any appropriate type/configuration. The second surface of the second clip member may include at least one second grounding projection of any appropriate type/configuration. Each first grounding projection incorporated by the first clip member, as well as each second grounding projection incorporated by the second clip member, may be configured to break a coating on the panel assembly, for instance when installing the electrical bonding clip on the panel assembly. In the case where the electrical bonding clip includes a single clip section, the electrical path may be from the first metal panel to the first clip member (including via one or more grounding projections of the first clip member that engages the first metal panel), from the first clip member to the second clip member via the noted living hinge (or more generally a closed end for the electrical bonding clip), and from the second clip member to the second metal panel (including via one or more grounding projections of the second clip member that engages the second metal panel).
One embodiment of the electrical bonding clip accommodates its installation directly on a standing seam of the panel assembly, for instance on overlapping portions of the first metal panel and the second metal panel that define at least part of the standing seam. The electrical bonding clip may engage a portion of the standing seam that is oriented in the vertical dimension in the installed configuration for the electrical bonding clip. A closed end of the electrical bonding clip may be disposed over a portion of one end of the first metal panel and over a portion of one end of the second metal panel that are adjacent to one another in the panel assembly. Such an electrical bonding clip may include a single clip section in accordance with the foregoing, for instance the above-noted first clip section, and including without limitation where at least one grounding projection of the first clip member engages part of the first metal panel that defines at least part of the standing seam and where at least one grounding projection of the second clip member engages part of the second metal panel that defines at least part of this same standing seam.
The electrical bonding clip may include a plurality of clip sections, for instance a first clip section and a second clip section. These first and second clip sections may be spaced from one another in the lateral dimension for the installed configuration of the electrical bonding clip. The electrical bonding clip may be configured such that the first clip section engages only the first metal panel and such that the second clip section engages only the second metal panel. The first clip section may be disposed on a first side of the standing seam (e.g., in/relative to the lateral dimension), and the second clip section may be disposed on a second side of this same standing seam (e.g., in/relative to the lateral dimension). As such, the first and second clip sections may be characterized as being disposed on opposite sides of the standing seam. The first clip section may be disposed adjacent to or may be spaced from the first side of the standing seam, while the second clip section may be disposed adjacent to or may be spaced from the second side of this same standing seam.
The first clip member for each of the first and second clip sections may include a first surface that faces its corresponding second clip member, while the second clip member for each of the first and second clip sections may include a second surface that faces its corresponding first clip member (e.g., the first surface of the first clip member and the second surface of the corresponding second clip member, for each of the first and second clip sections, may face or project toward one another). In one embodiment, the first surface of the first clip member for each of the first clip section and the second clip section includes at least one grounding projection of any appropriate type/configuration, while the second surface of the second clip member for each of the first clip section and the second clip section lacks a grounding projection of any type/configuration. The installed configuration for such an electrical bonding clip may be such that the first clip member for the first clip section is disposed on and engages an underside of the first metal panel (the second clip member of the first clip section being disposed on and engaging an exterior side of the first metal panel), and such that the first clip member for the second clip section is disposed on and engages an underside of the second metal panel (the second clip member of the second clip section being disposed on and engaging an exterior side of the second metal panel).
An electrical bonding clip including a first clip section and a second clip section that are spaced from one another may still be structurally interconnected by the structure of the electrical bonding clip. Such an electrical bonding clip may include a “plate” or a “base.” One end portion of this plate/base (e.g., a first part of the plate/base) may define part of the first clip section (e.g., the first clip member for the first clip section), while an opposite end portion of this same plate/base (e.g., a second part of the plate/base) may define part of the second clip section (e.g. the first clip member for the second clip section). A third part of the plate/base may extend between the first part of the plate/base and the second part of the plate/base. Notwithstanding the characterization of the plate/base having these first, second, and third parts, the plate may be an integral structure (e.g., no joint between the noted first and third parts of the plate/base, and no joint between the noted second and third parts of the plate/base). Another characterization for an electrical bonding clip having a first clip section and a second clip section that are spaced from one another and a plate/base is that the first clip member for the first clip section is disposed at one end of the plate/base in the lateral dimension for the installed configuration of the electrical bonding clip, while the first clip member for the second clip section is disposed at an opposite end of the plate/base in this same lateral dimension.
A plate/base for the electrical bonding clip in accordance with any of the foregoing may be disposed on an underside of the panel assembly (e.g., a side of the panel assembly that is opposite of the side that is exposed to the environment/elements) for the installed configuration of the electrical bonding clip. In the case where the electrical bonding clip includes a first clip section and a second clip section that are spaced from one another, the electrical path may be from the first metal panel to the first clip member of the first clip section (including via one or more grounding projections of the first clip member of this first clip section that engages the underside of the first metal panel), from the first clip member of the first clip section to the first clip member of the second clip section via the intermediate portion of the plate/base, and from the first clip member of the second clip section to the second metal panel (including via one or more grounding projections of the first clip member of this second clip section that engages the second metal panel).
One or more aspects of the present invention are also addressed by the following paragraphs:
a first metal panel comprising a first edge portion;
second metal panel comprising a second edge portion;
a standing seam defined by an interconnection of said first edge portion and said second edge portion of said first metal panel and said second metal panel, respectively; and
an electrical bonding clip that engages at least part of said first metal panel and that engages at least part of said second metal panel, wherein said electrical bonding clip provides an electrical connection between said first metal panel and said second metal panel.
The standing seams 20 may at least generally proceed in the direction of or along the slope or pitch of the roofing surface 12 (e.g., the pitch of the length dimension of the standing seams 20 may match the pitch of the corresponding portion of the overall roofing surface 12). Each panel 18 includes at least one base section 22 that is at least generally flat or planar and that is disposed between each adjacent pair of standing seams 20 on the roofing surface 12. Each panel 18 could include one or more crests, minor ribs, intermediate ribs, partial ribs, striations, fluting, or flutes between its corresponding pair of standing seams 20 so as to provide multiple base sections 22 on each panel 18 (not shown).
The panels 18 may be of any appropriate configuration so to allow them to be interconnected or nested in a manner that defines a standing seam 20, and the standing seams 20 may be disposed in any appropriate orientation relative to the base sections 22 of the panels 18 that define the standing seam 20. Generally, each standing seam 20 is a protrusion of some sort that is defined at least in part by an adjacent pair of metal panels 18. For instance, the standing seams 20 may be characterized as at least initially extending orthogonally (e.g., perpendicularly) relative to the base sections 22 of the corresponding panels 18 (or relative to a pitch of the corresponding portion of the roofing surface 12). The illustrated standing seams 20 may be characterized as having a vertical end section, or as being of a vertical standing seam configuration. However, the end sections of the various standing seams 20 could also have portions that are horizontally disposed (e.g., at least generally parallel with the base sections 22 of the corresponding panels 18; at least generally parallel to a pitch of the corresponding portion of the roofing surface 12), or as being of a horizontal standing seam configuration.
As noted, an edge portion (or longitudinal edge portion) of one panel may be interconnected with an edge portion (or longitudinal edge portion) of an adjacent panel to define a standing seam. Various types of standing seam configurations exist. One type of standing seam configuration has a larger space within the standing seam and may be referred to as a hollow seam rib configuration.
Each hollow seam rib 86 of the panel assembly 80 may be characterized as having a first sidewall 88a and an oppositely disposed second sidewall 88b that are disposed in spaced relation (spaced in the lateral dimension 30). The first sidewall 88a includes an indentation 90a on an exterior of the seam rib 86, while the second sidewall 88b includes an indentation 90b on an exterior of the seam rib 86. The indentations 90a and 90b are disposed in opposing relation (e.g., disposed along a common axis that is orthogonal to the height of the hollow seam rib 86).
The seam rib 86 is of a hollow configuration, and includes an open space 96. A portion 92a of an internal surface of the seam rib 86 that is opposite of the indentation 90a (on the exterior of the seam rib 86) is spaced from a portion 92b of an opposing internal surface of the seam rib 86 that is opposite of the indentation 90b (on the exterior of the seam rib 86). In one embodiment, the portions 92a, 92b of the opposing internal surfaces of the seam rib 86 are separated by a distance D1 of at least about 0.35 inches (prior to being engaged by any seam fasteners not shown) and that is measured in the lateral dimension 30. In one embodiment, the portions 92a, 92b of the opposing internal surfaces of the seam rib 86 are separated by a distance D1 within a range of about 0.35 inches to about 0.75 inches. The open space 96 occupies the entire distance between the portions 92a, 92b of the opposing internal surfaces of the hollow seam rib 86. No other structure exists in this open space 96 throughout the entirety of the span between the portions 92a, 92b for the illustrated embodiment.
Exposed metal components of various types of equipment may be installed on a standing seam panel assembly of the types described herein and may become electrically energized, which in turn may electrically energize the standing seam panel assembly. In this regard, disclosed herein are various embodiments of standing seam panel assemblies that utilize an electrical bonding clip to establish an electrical path between adjacent pairs of panels that define a standing seam, and that may be used to electrically ground the standing seam panel assembly.
One embodiment of a standing seam panel assembly is illustrated in
The panels 82′ of the standing seam panel assembly 100 are interconnected to define a standing steam 102 that is of a configuration that is different from the hollow seam rib configuration depicted in
The right edge section 182b includes a sidewall 188b that extends upwardly when the corresponding panel 82′ is horizontally disposed (e.g., disposed orthogonal to the pitch of the corresponding roofing surface; extending away from a reference plane that contains the main body of the corresponding panel 82′), along with an end section 183b that extends downwardly when the corresponding panel 82′ is horizontally disposed (extending toward a reference plane that contains the main body of the corresponding panel 82′). The sidewall 188b and the end section 183b of the right edge section 182b are interconnected by an arcuate section, and with the end section 183b being disposed “outwardly” of the sidewall 188b in the lateral dimension 30. In the illustrated embodiment, the spacing between the sidewall 188b and its corresponding end section 183b is larger than the spacing between the sidewall 188a and its corresponding end section 183a.
Each panel 82′ further includes a first lateral edge or end 132 and a second lateral edge or end 136 that are spaced from one another, and each of which coincides with the lateral dimension 30. Typically the lateral dimension 30 will be that which coincides with a constant elevation when proceeding along a line in the lateral dimension 30 and when the panel assembly 100 is in an installed configuration to define a pitched roofing surface. In any case and as noted, a right edge section 182b of one panel 82′ is disposed over a left edge section 182a of an adjacent panel 82′ to define a standing seam 102 in the case of the panel assembly 100. At this time, the sidewall 188b of the right edge section 182b of one panel 82′ may be disposed in closely spaced relation (and/or actually in interfacing relation) with the sidewall 188a of the left edge section 182a of the adjacent panel 82′. An electrical bonding clip 104 may be installed on the standing seam 102 of the panel assembly 100, namely on corresponding portions of the sidewall 188b of one panel 82′ and the corresponding sidewall 188a of the adjacent panel 82′ that collectively define a standing seam 102. In the case of the standing seam panel assembly 100, the electrical bonding clip 104 may be characterized as being installed in a vertical orientation.
Details of each electrical bonding clip 104 used by the standing seam panel assembly 100 are presented in
The first clip member 112 and the second clip member 116 of the electrical bonding clip 104 may be biased at least generally toward one another (e.g., via the elasticity of the end section 124 of the clip 104), including to the extent where the first clip member 112 and second clip member 116 are in contact with one another prior to being installed on a standing seam 102 of the panel assembly 100 (although such is not required). In any case, the spacing between the first clip member 112 and the second clip member 116 increases as/when the electrical bonding clip 104 is being installed on a standing seam 102. This “expansion” of the electrical bonding clip 104 may be realized by a flexing or bending (e.g., an elastic deformation) of the electrical bonding clip 104, may be characterized as a relative deflection of the first clip member 112 and the second clip member 116 at least generally away from one another, or both. For instance, the end section 124 of the electrical bonding clip 104 may be characterized as a “living hinge” (e.g., an arcuately-shaped, elastically-deformable, pliable portion) that allows relative movement between and interconnects the first clip member 112 and the second clip member 116. As such, the first clip member 112 and the second clip member 116 of the electrical bonding clip 104 may be characterized as being relatively deflectable away from one another (e.g., the second clip member 116 of the electrical bonding clip 104 may at least generally move away from the first clip member 112 by an elastic deformation of an interconnecting portion of the electrical bonding clip 104, for instance the noted living hinge in the form of the end section 124; pivotal or pivotal-like motion at least generally about the end section 124).
The first clip member 112 and the second clip member 116 of the electrical bonding clip 104 may at least at some point in time be biased toward one another as noted, and again this biasing force may be provided by the end section 124 (e.g., an elastic configuration). During at least a portion of the relative movement of the first clip member 112 and the second clip member 116 away from one another, the amount of biasing force may progressively increase (e.g., by an elastic “flexing” of the corresponding end section 124). Although a biasing force could be exerted on one or more of the first clip member 112 and the second clip member 116 prior to being installed on a standing seam 102 (including when the clip members 112, 116 are in contact with one another), such may not be required.
Referring now to
The noted grounding projections 128 for the first surface 114 and second surface 118 of the electrical bonding clip 104 may be characterized as providing electrical continuity between standing seam panels that are engaged by the electrical bonding clip 104 (e.g., an electrical path may encompass a first panel 82′ engaged with one or more grounding projections 128 on the first surface 114 of the electrical bonding clip 104, the first surface 114 of the electrical bonding clip 104 being electrically connected to the second surface 118 of the electrical bonding clip 104 through the end section 124, and one or more grounding projections 128 of the second surface 118 of the electrical bonding clip 104 being engaged with a second panel 82′). This may be referred to as “bonding” or “electrically bonding” a pair of adjacent panels 82′. In any case, the noted electrical connection provided by the grounding projections 128 of the electrical bonding clip 104 may be used to electrically connect standing seam panels, which in turn may be used to provide an electrical path to ground an entire building surface of standing seam panels (or any portion thereof).
The electrical bonding clip 104 may be formed of any appropriate material or combination of materials to establish an electrical connection between a pair of panels 82′ that together define a standing seam 102 (e.g., a metal or a metal alloy, and including from an electrically conductive material). For example, the electrical bonding clip 104 may be formed entirely of stainless steel. Furthermore, the electrical bonding clip 104 may be fabricated in any appropriate manner. For instance, the electrical bonding clip 104 could be of a one-piece construction (e.g., being integrally formed from a piece of sheet metal).
In summary, an electrical bonding clip 104 of the panel assembly 100 may electrically engage overlapping portions of a first panel 82′ and a second panel 82′, namely at a standing seam 102 defined by the interconnection of these two panels 82′. In this regard, the electrical bonding clip 104 may be appropriate for installation on other standing seam configurations that are defined at least in part by overlapping portions from two adjacent panels, such as a double fold or double-folded standing seam configurations. The electrical bonding clip 104 provides what may be characterized as a “slide fit” for the pair of panels 82′ on which the clip 104 is installed. In this regard, the inlet section 120 of the electrical bonding clip 104 will be aligned with the adjacently disposed sidewalls 188a, 188b for the two panels 82′ at the lateral edges 132 of the two panels 82′ (another clip 104 could be installed on the same standing seam 102 at the oppositely disposed lateral edges 136 of the panels 82′ as desired/required). The electrical bonding clip 104 will then be advanced toward the standing seam 102 (e.g., at least generally in the direction of the opposing lateral edges 136 of the panels 82′) to position the first clip member 112 on one side of the standing seam 102 and to position the second clip member 116 on the other side of the standing seam 102. The electrical bonding clip 104 may be slid onto the standing seam 102 in the noted manner until the end section 124 of the electrical bonding clip 104 engages the lateral edges 132 of the two panels 82′ at the standing seam 102, although such may not be required in all instances.
In the embodiment shown in
When an electrical bonding clip 104 has been installed on a standing seam 102 in the noted manner, the two panels 82′ may be characterized as being “bonded” or “electrically bonded” via the electrical bonding clip 104. A series of panels 82′ that collectively define the panel assembly 100 may therefore be electrically connected by each associated electrical bonding clip 104, namely by installing at least one electrical bonding clip 104 on each adjacent pair of panels 82′ that collectively define a corresponding standing seam 102. This electrical path may be used to ground the entire panel assembly 100 (e.g., by running a grounding wire from one or more of the panels 82′ of the panel assembly 100 to ground, as each adjacent pair of standing seam panels 82′ in the panel assembly 100 should be electrically interconnected by at least one electrical bonding clip 104). The noted electrical path includes the left metal panel 82′ shown in
In the illustrated embodiment, the electrical contact 128′ is at least generally triangularly-shaped, and in any case extends toward the opposing clip member 112, 116 at an angle. Other configurations may be appropriate. A free end section or point 128c of the electrical contact 128′ may be characterized as being disposed in the direction of the closed end section 124 of the electrical bonding clip 104, while the hinge 128b may be characterized as being disposed in the direction of the inlet 120. That is, the electrical contact 128′ may be characterized as extending from its hinge 128b at least generally in the direction of the closed end section 124. As noted, the electrical contact 128′ may also be characterized as extending from its hinge 128 associated with one of the clip members 112, 116, at least generally in the direction of the other of the clip members 112, 116.
Another embodiment of a standing seam panel assembly is illustrated in
The electrical bonding clips 104 used by the standing seam panel assembly 100 of
Referring now primarily to
The electrical bonding clip 204 of the panel assembly 200 includes a first clip section 248 and a second clip section 252 that are spaced from one another in the lateral dimension 30. The first clip section 248 is positioned on one side of the standing seam 202 and engages only one of the two panels 82″ that defines this standing seam 202. In the view shown in
Additional details of the electrical bonding clip are shown in
The first clip member 212 for each of the first clip section 248 and second clip section 252 includes a first surface 214 that faces or projects toward the corresponding second clip member 216 (i.e., an interior surface for the corresponding clip section 248, 252) and that includes at least one of the above-noted grounding projections 128. The second clip member 216 for each of the first clip section 248 and the second clip section 252 includes a second surface 218 that faces or projects toward the corresponding first clip member 212. In the illustrated embodiment, the second surface 218 of the second clip member 216 for each clip section 248, 252 lacks any type of grounding projection (e.g., in the form of a smooth surface). The first clip member 212 for each of the first clip section 248 and the second clip section 252 is disposed on and engages an underside (or interior side) of the corresponding panel 82″, while the second clip member 216 for each of the first clip section 248 and the second clip section 252 is disposed on and engages a topside (or exterior side) of the corresponding panel 82″. As the second clip member 216 for each of the first clip section 248 and the second clip section 252 does not include any ground projections in the illustrated embodiment, installation of the electrical bonding clip 204 should not scratch the top or upper surface of the corresponding panels 82″ to any significant degree.
As illustrated in
In the case of the standing seam panel assembly 200 and as shown in
The clip sections 248, 252 for the electrical bonding clip 204 will typically be of a common configuration. The following discussion is equally applicable to both clip sections 248, 252 unless otherwise noted. The first clip member 212 and the corresponding second clip member 216 may be biased at least generally toward one another (e.g., via the elasticity of the corresponding closed end 224), including to the extent where the first clip member 212 and the corresponding second clip member 216 are in contact with one another prior to being installed on an adjacent pair of panels 82″ of the panel assembly 200 (although such is not required). In any case, the spacing between the first clip member 212 and the corresponding second clip member 216 increases as/when the electrical bonding clip 204 is installed on an adjacent pair of panels 82″ of the panel assembly 200. This “expansion” of the clip sections 248, 252 may be realized by a flexing or bending (e.g., an elastic deformation) of the clip sections 248, 252, may be characterized as a relative deflection of the first clip member 212 and the corresponding second clip member 216 at least generally away from one another, or both. For instance, the end section 224 for each of the clip sections 248, 252 may be characterized as a “living hinge” (e.g., an arcuately-shaped, elastically-deformable, pliable portion) that allows relative movement between and interconnects a first clip member 212 and a corresponding second clip member 216. As such, the first clip member 212 and the corresponding second clip member 216 may be characterized as being relatively deflectable away from one another (e.g., the second clip member 216 may at least generally move away (relatively) from the corresponding first clip member 212 by an elastic deformation of an interconnecting portion of the corresponding clip section 248, 252, for instance the noted living hinge in the form of the corresponding end section 224; pivotal or pivotal-like motion at least generally about the end section 224).
The first clip member 212 and the corresponding second clip member 216 may at least at some point in time be biased toward one another as noted, and again this biasing force may be provided by the corresponding end section 224 disposed therebetween (e.g., an elastic configuration). During at least a portion of the relative movement of the first clip member 212 and the corresponding second clip member 216 away from one another, the amount of the biasing force may progressively increase (e.g., by an elastic “flexing” of the corresponding end section 224). Although a biasing force could be exerted on one or more of the first clip member 212 and the corresponding second clip member 216 prior to being installed on an adjacent pair of panels 82″ of the panel assembly 200 (including when the corresponding clip members 212, 216 are in contact with one another), such is not required.
Referring now to
The noted grounding projections 128 for the first surface 214 of the first clip member 212 for each of the clip sections 248, 252 of the electrical bonding clip 204 may be characterized as providing electrical continuity between a pair of standing seam panels that are engaged by the electrical bonding clip 204 (e.g., an electrical path may encompass one panel 82″ being engaged by one or more grounding projections 128 of the first clip member 212 for the first clip section 248 of the electrical bonding clip 204, by the first clip member 212 for the first clip section 248 of the electrical bonding clip 204 being electrically connected with the first clip member 212 for the second clip section 252 of the electrical bonding clip 204 by the intermediate portion 260 of the bottom plate 256, and the adjacent panel 82″ being engaged by one or more grounding projections 128 of the first clip member 212 for the second clip section 252 of the electrical bonding clip 204). Again, this may be referred to as “bonding” or “electrically bonding” an adjacent pair of panels 82″. In any case, the noted electrical connection provided by the grounding projections 128 of the electrical bonding clip 204 may be used to electrically connect adjacent pairs of standing seam panels, which in turn may be used to provide an electrical path to ground an entire building surface of standing seam panels (or any discrete portion thereof).
The electrical bonding clip 204 may be formed of any appropriate material or combination of materials to establish an electrical connection between a pair of panels 82″ that together define a standing seam 202 (e.g., a metal or a metal alloy, and including from an electrically conductive material). For example, the electrical bonding clip 204 may be formed entirely of stainless steel. Furthermore, the electrical bonding clip 204 may be fabricated in any appropriate manner. For instance, the electrical bonding clip 204 could be of a one-piece construction (e.g., being integrally formed from a piece of sheet metal).
In summary, an electrical bonding clip 204 electrically engages an adjacent pair of panels 82″ other than at the standing seam 202 defined by this adjacent pair of panels 82″ for the case of the panel assembly 200 of
When an electrical bonding clip 204 has been installed on an adjacent pair of panels 82″ in the above-noted manner, the two panels 82″ may be characterized as being “bonded” or “electrically bonded” via the electrical bonding clip 204. A series of panels 82″ that collectively define the panel assembly 200 may therefore be electrically connected by each associated electrical bonding clip 204, namely by installing at least one electrical bonding clip 204 on each adjacent pair of panels 82″ that collectively define a corresponding standing seam 202. This electrical path may be used to ground the entire panel assembly 200 (e.g., by running a grounding wire from one or more of the panels 82″ of the panel assembly 200 to ground, as each adjacent pair of standing seam panels 82″ in the panel assembly 200 should be electrically interconnected by at least one electrical bonding clip 204). An electrical path in accordance with the embodiment of
The foregoing description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit the invention to the form disclosed herein. Consequently, variations and modifications commensurate with the above teachings, and skill and knowledge of the relevant art, are within the scope of the present invention. The embodiments described hereinabove are further intended to explain best modes known of practicing the invention and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention in such, or other embodiments and with various modifications required by the particular application(s) or use(s) of the present invention. It is intended that the appended claims be construed to include alternative embodiments to the extent permitted by the prior art.
This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/415,355, entitled “METAL PANEL ELECTRICAL BONDING CLIP,” filed on Oct. 31, 2016, and the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42992 | Howe | May 1864 | A |
| 97316 | Rogers | Nov 1869 | A |
| 106580 | Hathorn | Aug 1870 | A |
| 189431 | Creighton | Apr 1877 | A |
| 250580 | Rogers | Dec 1881 | A |
| 332413 | List | Dec 1885 | A |
| 386316 | Hawthorne | Jul 1888 | A |
| 405605 | Sagendorph | Jun 1889 | A |
| 407772 | Curtis et al. | Jul 1889 | A |
| 446217 | Dickelman | Feb 1891 | A |
| 459876 | Powers | Sep 1891 | A |
| 472014 | Densmore | Mar 1892 | A |
| 473512 | Laird | Apr 1892 | A |
| 491173 | Hayward | Feb 1893 | A |
| 507776 | Berger et al. | Oct 1893 | A |
| 529774 | Baird | Nov 1894 | A |
| 602983 | Folsom | Apr 1898 | A |
| 733697 | Chronik | Jul 1903 | A |
| 756884 | Parry | Apr 1904 | A |
| 831445 | Kosmatka | Sep 1906 | A |
| 881757 | Winsor | Mar 1908 | A |
| 884850 | Peter | Apr 1908 | A |
| 927522 | Gery | Jul 1909 | A |
| 933784 | Peter | Sep 1909 | A |
| 939516 | Laird | Nov 1909 | A |
| 1054091 | Darnall | Feb 1913 | A |
| 1085474 | Peterson | Jan 1914 | A |
| 1136460 | Wright | Apr 1915 | A |
| 1230363 | Baird | Jun 1917 | A |
| 1330309 | Dixon | Feb 1920 | A |
| 1399461 | Childs | Dec 1921 | A |
| 1463065 | Sieger | Jul 1923 | A |
| 1465042 | Hruska | Aug 1923 | A |
| 1511529 | Standlee | Oct 1924 | A |
| 1620428 | Becker | Mar 1927 | A |
| 1735927 | Shaffer | Nov 1929 | A |
| 1735937 | Shaffer | Nov 1929 | A |
| 1893481 | Adams | Jan 1933 | A |
| 1946862 | Koch, Jr. | Feb 1934 | A |
| 1957933 | Brandl | May 1934 | A |
| 2079768 | Levow | May 1937 | A |
| 2150497 | Fernberg | Mar 1939 | A |
| 2183844 | Murphy | Dec 1939 | A |
| 2192720 | Tapman | Mar 1940 | A |
| 2201320 | Place | May 1940 | A |
| 2250401 | Sylvester | Jul 1941 | A |
| 2274010 | Stellin | Feb 1942 | A |
| 2340692 | Ridd | Feb 1944 | A |
| 2429833 | Luce | Oct 1947 | A |
| 2443362 | Tinnerman | Jun 1948 | A |
| 2448752 | Wagner | Sep 1948 | A |
| 2457250 | Macomber | Dec 1948 | A |
| 2472586 | Harvey | Jun 1949 | A |
| 2504776 | Woodfield et al. | Apr 1950 | A |
| 2525217 | Glitsch | Oct 1950 | A |
| 2574007 | Anderson | Nov 1951 | A |
| 2658247 | Heuer | Nov 1953 | A |
| 2714037 | Singer et al. | Jul 1955 | A |
| 2730381 | Curtiss | Jan 1956 | A |
| 2740027 | Budd et al. | Mar 1956 | A |
| 2808491 | Rhee | Oct 1957 | A |
| 2810173 | Bearden | Oct 1957 | A |
| 2875805 | Flora | Mar 1959 | A |
| 3039161 | Gagnon | Jun 1962 | A |
| 3064772 | Clay | Nov 1962 | A |
| 3095672 | Di Tullio | Jul 1963 | A |
| 3112016 | Peterson | Nov 1963 | A |
| 3136206 | Adams | Jun 1964 | A |
| 3194524 | Trumbull | Jul 1965 | A |
| 3221467 | Henkels | Dec 1965 | A |
| 3231076 | Freiman | Jan 1966 | A |
| 3232573 | Berman | Feb 1966 | A |
| 3242620 | Kaiser | Mar 1966 | A |
| 3288409 | Bethea, Jr. | Nov 1966 | A |
| 3296750 | Zaleski | Jan 1967 | A |
| 3298653 | Omholt | Jan 1967 | A |
| 3301513 | Masao | Jan 1967 | A |
| 3307235 | Hennings | Mar 1967 | A |
| 3318057 | Norsworthy | May 1967 | A |
| 3333799 | Peterson | Aug 1967 | A |
| 3335995 | Pickles | Aug 1967 | A |
| 3363864 | Olgreen | Jan 1968 | A |
| 3394524 | Howarth | Jul 1968 | A |
| 3425127 | Long | Feb 1969 | A |
| 3482369 | Burke | Dec 1969 | A |
| 3495363 | Johnson | Feb 1970 | A |
| 3496691 | Seaburg et al. | Feb 1970 | A |
| 3503244 | Joslin | Mar 1970 | A |
| 3523709 | Heggy et al. | Aug 1970 | A |
| 3527619 | Miley | Sep 1970 | A |
| 3565380 | Langren | Feb 1971 | A |
| 3572623 | Lapp | Mar 1971 | A |
| 3590543 | Heirich | Jul 1971 | A |
| 3656747 | Revell, Jr. et al. | Apr 1972 | A |
| 3667182 | Stemler | Jun 1972 | A |
| 3667185 | Maurer | Jun 1972 | A |
| 3719919 | Tibolla | Mar 1973 | A |
| 3753326 | Kaufman, Sr. | Aug 1973 | A |
| 3778537 | Miller | Dec 1973 | A |
| 3792560 | Naylor | Feb 1974 | A |
| 3809799 | Taylor | May 1974 | A |
| 3817270 | Ehrens et al. | Jun 1974 | A |
| 3824664 | Seeff | Jul 1974 | A |
| 3845601 | Kostecky | Nov 1974 | A |
| 3861098 | Schaub | Jan 1975 | A |
| 3904161 | Scott | Sep 1975 | A |
| 3914001 | Nelson et al. | Oct 1975 | A |
| 3921253 | Nelson | Nov 1975 | A |
| 3960352 | Plattner et al. | Jun 1976 | A |
| 3986746 | Chartier | Oct 1976 | A |
| 4001474 | Hereth | Jan 1977 | A |
| 4007574 | Riddell | Feb 1977 | A |
| 4018538 | Smyrni et al. | Apr 1977 | A |
| 4051289 | Adamson | Sep 1977 | A |
| 4127975 | Judkins | Dec 1978 | A |
| 4130970 | Cable | Dec 1978 | A |
| 4141182 | McMullen | Feb 1979 | A |
| 4162595 | Ramos et al. | Jul 1979 | A |
| 4162755 | Bott | Jul 1979 | A |
| 4189882 | Harrison et al. | Feb 1980 | A |
| 4189891 | Johnson et al. | Feb 1980 | A |
| 4200107 | Reid | Apr 1980 | A |
| 4203646 | Desso | May 1980 | A |
| 4215677 | Erickson | Aug 1980 | A |
| 4223053 | Brogan | Sep 1980 | A |
| 4252458 | Keen | Feb 1981 | A |
| 4261338 | McAlister | Apr 1981 | A |
| 4261384 | Dahlbring | Apr 1981 | A |
| 4270721 | Mainor, Jr. | Jun 1981 | A |
| 4307976 | Butler | Dec 1981 | A |
| 4321416 | Tennant | Mar 1982 | A |
| 4351140 | Simpson | Sep 1982 | A |
| 4366656 | Simpson | Jan 1983 | A |
| 4393859 | Marossy et al. | Jul 1983 | A |
| 4449335 | Fahey | May 1984 | A |
| 4456321 | Jones | Jun 1984 | A |
| 4461514 | Schwarz | Jul 1984 | A |
| 4467582 | Hague | Aug 1984 | A |
| 4475776 | Teramachi | Oct 1984 | A |
| 4546586 | Knudson | Oct 1985 | A |
| 4567706 | Wendt | Feb 1986 | A |
| 4570405 | Knudson | Feb 1986 | A |
| 4593877 | van der Wyk | Jun 1986 | A |
| 4601600 | Karlsson | Jul 1986 | A |
| 4656794 | Thevenin et al. | Apr 1987 | A |
| 4666116 | Lloyd | May 1987 | A |
| 4674252 | Nicholas et al. | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4682454 | Simpson | Jul 1987 | A |
| 4686809 | Skelton | Aug 1987 | A |
| 4701586 | Hagberg | Oct 1987 | A |
| 4704058 | Crunwell | Nov 1987 | A |
| 4773791 | Hartkorn | Sep 1988 | A |
| 4782642 | Conville | Nov 1988 | A |
| 4799444 | Lisowski | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4805364 | Smolik | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4809476 | Satchell | Mar 1989 | A |
| 4810573 | Harriett | Mar 1989 | A |
| 4835927 | Michlovic | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4840529 | Phillips | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4848858 | Suzuki | Jul 1989 | A |
| 4854096 | Smolik | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4878331 | Taylor | Nov 1989 | A |
| 4895338 | Froutzis | Jan 1990 | A |
| 4905444 | Semaan | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4909011 | Freeman et al. | Mar 1990 | A |
| 4949929 | Kesselman et al. | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4961712 | Schwenk | Oct 1990 | A |
| 4970833 | Porter | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4987699 | Gold | Jan 1991 | A |
| 4991368 | Amstutz | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5007612 | Manfre | Apr 1991 | A |
| 5019111 | Dempsey et al. | May 1991 | A |
| 5036949 | Crocker et al. | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5039352 | Mueller | Aug 1991 | A |
| 5092939 | Nath et al. | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5094435 | Depperman | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5118571 | Petersen | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5119612 | Taylor et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5125608 | McMaster et al. | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5127205 | Eidson | Jul 1992 | A |
| 5138820 | Pearce | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5140793 | Knudson | Aug 1992 | A |
| 5152107 | Strickert | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5164020 | Wagner et al. | Nov 1992 | A |
| 5176462 | Chen | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5187911 | Cotter | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5213300 | Rees | May 1993 | A |
| 5222340 | Bellem | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5224427 | Riches et al. | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5228248 | Haddock | Jul 1993 | A |
| 5251993 | Sigourney | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5268038 | Riermeier et al. | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5271194 | Drew | Dec 1993 | A |
| 5277006 | Ruster | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5282340 | Cline et al. | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5287670 | Funaki | Feb 1994 | A |
| 5307601 | McCracken | May 1994 | A |
| 5312079 | Little, Jr. | May 1994 | A |
| 5313752 | Hatzinikolas | May 1994 | A |
| D347701 | McCracken | Jun 1994 | S |
| 5352154 | Rotter | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5356519 | Grabscheid et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| 5356705 | Kelch et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
| D351989 | Cline et al. | Nov 1994 | S |
| 5363624 | Cotter | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5379567 | Vahey | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5390453 | Untiedt | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5392574 | Sayers | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5408797 | Bellem | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5409549 | Mori | Apr 1995 | A |
| 5413063 | King | May 1995 | A |
| 5413397 | Gold | May 1995 | A |
| 5417028 | Meyer | May 1995 | A |
| 5425209 | Funaki | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5426906 | McCracken | Jun 1995 | A |
| 5439307 | Steinhilber | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5453027 | Buell et al. | Sep 1995 | A |
| D364338 | Cline | Nov 1995 | S |
| 5479752 | Menegoli | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5482234 | Lyon | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5483772 | Haddock | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5483782 | Hall | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5491931 | Haddock | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5497591 | Nelson | Mar 1996 | A |
| 5522185 | Cline | Jun 1996 | A |
| 5533839 | Shimada | Jul 1996 | A |
| D372421 | Cline | Aug 1996 | S |
| 5557903 | Haddock | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5571338 | Kadonome et al. | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5596858 | Jordan | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5596859 | Horton et al. | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5598785 | Zaguroli, Jr. | Feb 1997 | A |
| D378343 | Macor | Mar 1997 | S |
| 5609326 | Stearns et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5613328 | Alley | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5640812 | Crowley et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5647178 | Cline | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5660008 | Bevilacqua | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5664750 | Cohen | Sep 1997 | A |
| 5681191 | Robicheau | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5688131 | Byfield, Jr. | Nov 1997 | A |
| D387443 | Blankenbiller | Dec 1997 | S |
| 5694721 | Haddock | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5697197 | Simpson | Dec 1997 | A |
| 5715640 | Haddock | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5732513 | Alley | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5743063 | Boozer | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5743497 | Michael | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5746029 | Ullman | May 1998 | A |
| 5755824 | Blechschmidt et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5765310 | Gold | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5765329 | Huang | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5787653 | Sakai et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5794386 | Klein | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5809703 | Kelly | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5826379 | Curry | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5826390 | Sacks | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5828008 | Lockwood et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5829723 | Brunner et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5842318 | Bass et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5890340 | Kafarowski | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5901507 | Smeja et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5941931 | Ricks | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5942046 | Kahlfuss et al. | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5970586 | Demel et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5983588 | Haddock | Nov 1999 | A |
| 5994640 | Bansemir et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6029415 | Culpepper et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6073410 | Schimpf et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6073920 | Colley | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6079678 | Schott et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6088979 | Neal | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6095462 | Morgan | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6099203 | Landes | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6105317 | Tomiuchi et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6106310 | Davis | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6111189 | Garvison et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6119317 | Pfister | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6132070 | Vosika et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6158180 | Edwards | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6164033 | Haddock | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6182403 | Mimura et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6206991 | Starr | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6223477 | Alley | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6237297 | Paroly | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6253496 | Gilchrist | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6256934 | Alley | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6269596 | Ohtsuka et al. | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6276285 | Ruch | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6336616 | Lin | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6360491 | Ullman | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6364262 | Gibson et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6364374 | Noone et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6370828 | Genschorek | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6382569 | Schattner et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6385914 | Alley | May 2002 | B2 |
| 6393796 | Goettl et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6443680 | Bodin | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6453623 | Nelson et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6470629 | Haddock | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6497080 | Malcolm | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6499259 | Hockman | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6508442 | Dolez | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6521821 | Makita et al. | Feb 2003 | B2 |
| 6534702 | Makita | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6536729 | Haddock | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6576830 | Nagao et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6602016 | Eckart et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6622441 | Miller | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6637671 | Alley | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6655633 | Chapman, Jr. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6665991 | Hasan | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6688047 | McNichol | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| D487595 | Sherman | Mar 2004 | S |
| 6715256 | Fischer | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6718718 | Haddock | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6725623 | Riddell et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6730841 | Heckeroth | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6732982 | Messinger | May 2004 | B1 |
| 6751919 | Calixto | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| D495595 | Dressler | Sep 2004 | S |
| D496738 | Sherman | Sep 2004 | S |
| 6799742 | Nakamura et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6834466 | Trevorrow et al. | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6918217 | Jakob-Bamberg et al. | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6918727 | Huang | Jul 2005 | B2 |
| 6922948 | Smeja et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6967278 | Hatsukaiwa et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 7012188 | Erling | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7013612 | Haddock | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7063763 | Chapman, Jr. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7100338 | Haddock | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7104020 | Suttle | Sep 2006 | B1 |
| 7127852 | Dressler | Oct 2006 | B1 |
| 7191794 | Hodges | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7195513 | Gherardini | Mar 2007 | B1 |
| 7219863 | Collett, II | May 2007 | B1 |
| 7240770 | Mullins et al. | Jul 2007 | B2 |
| 7260918 | Liebendorfer | Aug 2007 | B2 |
| 7281695 | Jordan | Oct 2007 | B2 |
| 7386922 | Taylor et al. | Jun 2008 | B1 |
| 7406924 | Impey | Aug 2008 | B1 |
| 7410139 | Rorich | Aug 2008 | B1 |
| 7431252 | Birli et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7435134 | Lenox | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7451573 | Orszulak et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7458555 | Mastropaolo et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7459196 | Sturm | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7469511 | Wobber | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7493730 | Fennell, Jr. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7513080 | Showalter | Apr 2009 | B1 |
| 7516580 | Fennell, Jr. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7568871 | Chopp, Jr. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7578711 | Robinson | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7600349 | Liebendorfer | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7658356 | Nehls | Feb 2010 | B1 |
| 7686625 | Dyer | Mar 2010 | B1 |
| 7703256 | Haddock | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7707800 | Kannisto | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7721492 | Plaisted | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7731138 | Wiesner et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7758011 | Haddock | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7766292 | Liebendorfer | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7780472 | Lenox | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7788874 | Miller | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7788879 | Brandes et al. | Sep 2010 | B2 |
| 7824191 | Browder | Nov 2010 | B1 |
| 7827920 | Beck et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7845127 | Brescia | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7847181 | Brescia | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7861480 | Wendelburg et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7874117 | Simpson | Jan 2011 | B1 |
| 7891618 | Carnevali | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7915519 | Kobayashi | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7926777 | Koesema, Jr. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7954287 | Bravo et al. | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 8011153 | Orchard | Sep 2011 | B2 |
| 8066200 | Hepner et al. | Nov 2011 | B2 |
| 8092129 | Wiley et al. | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8096503 | Verweyen | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8109048 | West | Feb 2012 | B2 |
| 8146299 | Stearns et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8151522 | Stearns et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 8153700 | Stearns et al. | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| D658977 | Riddell et al. | May 2012 | S |
| 8226061 | Nehls | Jul 2012 | B2 |
| 8272172 | Li | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8294026 | Wang et al. | Oct 2012 | B2 |
| 8312678 | Haddock | Nov 2012 | B1 |
| 8316590 | Cusson | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8316621 | Safari Kermanshahi et al. | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8344239 | Plaisted | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8347572 | Piedmont | Jan 2013 | B2 |
| 8375654 | West et al. | Feb 2013 | B1 |
| 8387319 | Gilles-Gagnon et al. | Mar 2013 | B1 |
| 8404963 | Kobayashi | Mar 2013 | B2 |
| 8407895 | Hartelius et al. | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8413946 | Hartelius | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8430372 | Haddock | Apr 2013 | B2 |
| 8448405 | Schaefer et al. | May 2013 | B2 |
| 8453986 | Schnitzer | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8458967 | Kalkanoglu | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8495997 | Laubach | Jul 2013 | B1 |
| 8505254 | Welter et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
| 8528888 | Header | Sep 2013 | B2 |
| 8584424 | Smith | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8627617 | Haddock et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
| D699176 | Salomon et al. | Feb 2014 | S |
| 8640402 | Bilge | Feb 2014 | B1 |
| 8656649 | Haddock | Feb 2014 | B2 |
| 8683751 | Stearns | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8701354 | Stearns et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8752338 | Schaefer et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8756870 | Teller et al. | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 8770885 | Myers | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8776456 | Schrock | Jul 2014 | B1 |
| 8782983 | Stearns | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8791611 | Arnould | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 8813441 | Rizzo | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8826618 | Stearns | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8829330 | Meyer et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8833714 | Haddock et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8839573 | Cusson et al. | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8844234 | Haddock | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 8850754 | Rizzo | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8854829 | Bopp et al. | Oct 2014 | B1 |
| 8888431 | Haney | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| 8893441 | Hess, III | Nov 2014 | B1 |
| 8894424 | DuPont | Nov 2014 | B2 |
| D718703 | Rizzo | Dec 2014 | S |
| D718704 | Rizzo | Dec 2014 | S |
| 8910928 | Header | Dec 2014 | B2 |
| 8925263 | Haddock et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 8966833 | Ally | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 9003728 | Asci | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9011034 | Liu | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9065191 | Martin et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
| 9085900 | Haddock | Jul 2015 | B2 |
| 9086185 | Haddock | Jul 2015 | B2 |
| 9127451 | Boor | Sep 2015 | B1 |
| 9134044 | Stearns et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| 9147785 | Haddock et al. | Sep 2015 | B2 |
| D740113 | Olenick | Oct 2015 | S |
| 9200456 | Murphy | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9222263 | Haddock | Dec 2015 | B2 |
| 9306490 | Haddock et al. | Apr 2016 | B2 |
| 9341285 | Magno, Jr. | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9447988 | Stearns et al. | Sep 2016 | B2 |
| 9530916 | Haddock et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
| 9534390 | Pendley et al. | Jan 2017 | B2 |
| 9608559 | Haddock et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
| 9611652 | Haddock et al. | Apr 2017 | B2 |
| 9647433 | Meine | May 2017 | B2 |
| 9714670 | Header | Jul 2017 | B2 |
| 9722532 | Almy | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9732512 | Haddock | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9850661 | Kovacs | Dec 2017 | B2 |
| 9920958 | Haddock et al. | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 9926706 | Hockman | Mar 2018 | B2 |
| 10036414 | Wiley | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10053856 | Haddock | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10054336 | Haddock et al. | Aug 2018 | B2 |
| 10077562 | Haddock et al. | Sep 2018 | B2 |
| 10103682 | Haddock et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10106987 | Haddock et al. | Oct 2018 | B2 |
| 10385573 | Van Leuven | Aug 2019 | B2 |
| 10454190 | Martin | Oct 2019 | B1 |
| 1055109 | De Vogel et al. | Feb 2020 | A1 |
| 20020026765 | Vahey | Mar 2002 | A1 |
| 20020088196 | Haddock | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20030015637 | Liebendorfer | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030062078 | Mimura | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030070368 | Shingleton | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030131551 | Mollinger et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030146346 | Chapman, Jr. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030173460 | Chapman, Jr. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
| 20030201009 | Nakajima et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20040035065 | Orszulak et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040055233 | Showalter | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040164208 | Nielson et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040231949 | Le et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20040237465 | Refond | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050102958 | Anderson | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050115176 | Russell | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050210769 | Harvey | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050257434 | Hockman | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20060065805 | Barton et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060075691 | Verkamlp | Apr 2006 | A1 |
| 20060096061 | Weiland et al. | May 2006 | A1 |
| 20060174571 | Panasik et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060174931 | Mapes et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060254192 | Fennell, Jr. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20070131273 | Kobayashi | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070199590 | Tanaka et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070241238 | Neace | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070246039 | Brazier et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070248434 | Wiley et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070289229 | Aldo | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070289233 | Haddock | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080035140 | Placer et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080041011 | Kannisto | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080190047 | Allen | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080236520 | Maehara et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080265232 | Terrels et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080302407 | Kobayashi | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20090000220 | Lenox | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090007520 | Navon | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090194098 | Placer | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090229213 | Mistelski | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090230205 | Hepner et al. | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20090320826 | Kufner | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100058701 | Yao et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100133040 | London | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100154784 | King et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100162641 | Reyal et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100171016 | Haddock | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100175738 | Huss et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
| 20100193651 | Railsback et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100206303 | Thorne | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100212720 | Meyer et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100276558 | Faust et al. | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100288337 | Rizzo | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100293874 | Liebendorfer | Nov 2010 | A1 |
| 20100314517 | Patzer | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110078892 | Hartelius et al. | Apr 2011 | A1 |
| 20110120047 | Stearns et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| 20110154750 | Welter et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110174360 | Plaisted et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20110209745 | Korman | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110214365 | Aftanas | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110214388 | London | Sep 2011 | A1 |
| 20110239546 | Tsuzuki et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110260027 | Farnham, Jr. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
| 20110271611 | Maracci et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110272545 | Liu | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20110314752 | Meier | Dec 2011 | A1 |
| 20120073630 | Wu | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120079781 | Koller | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120085041 | Place | Apr 2012 | A1 |
| 20120102853 | Rizzo | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120153108 | Schneider | Jun 2012 | A1 |
| 20120167364 | Koch et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
| 20120192519 | Ray | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120193310 | Fluhrer et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120201601 | Rizzo | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20120244729 | Rivera et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
| 20120248271 | Zeilenga | Oct 2012 | A1 |
| 20120298188 | West et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120299233 | Header | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20120325761 | Kubsch et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
| 20130048056 | Kilgore et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
| 20130168525 | Haddock | Jul 2013 | A1 |
| 20130220403 | Rizzo | Aug 2013 | A1 |
| 20130227833 | Rizzo | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20130263917 | Hamamura | Oct 2013 | A1 |
| 20130313043 | Lallier | Nov 2013 | A1 |
| 20130340358 | Danning | Dec 2013 | A1 |
| 20140003861 | Cheung | Jan 2014 | A1 |
| 20140041202 | Schnitzer et al. | Feb 2014 | A1 |
| 20140069048 | Ally | Mar 2014 | A1 |
| 20140096462 | Haddock | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| 20140179133 | Redel | Jun 2014 | A1 |
| 20140220834 | Rizzo | Aug 2014 | A1 |
| 20140283467 | Chabas et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
| 20150060620 | Smeja | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20150107168 | Kobayashi | Apr 2015 | A1 |
| 20150200620 | Haddock et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20150214884 | Rizzo | Jul 2015 | A1 |
| 20160025262 | Stearns et al. | Jan 2016 | A1 |
| 20160060869 | Smeja | Mar 2016 | A1 |
| 20160111835 | Nayar | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160111997 | Ganshaw et al. | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160111998 | Schmid | Apr 2016 | A1 |
| 20160160524 | Malins | Jun 2016 | A1 |
| 20170067258 | Stearns et al. | Mar 2017 | A1 |
| 20180013382 | Smeja | Jan 2018 | A1 |
| 20180031279 | Haddock et al. | Feb 2018 | A1 |
| 20180128295 | Haddock | May 2018 | A1 |
| 20190106885 | Stearns et al. | Apr 2019 | A1 |
| 20190226214 | Van Leuven | Jul 2019 | A1 |
| 20190273460 | Kovacs | Sep 2019 | A1 |
| 20190330853 | Van Leuven | Oct 2019 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 13076 | Aug 1903 | AT |
| 26329 | Nov 1906 | AT |
| 298762 | May 1972 | AT |
| 2005201707 | Nov 2006 | AU |
| 2009101276 | Jan 2010 | AU |
| 2009245849 | Jun 2010 | AU |
| 204783 | May 1939 | CH |
| 388590 | Feb 1965 | CH |
| 469159 | Feb 1969 | CH |
| 671063 | Jul 1989 | CH |
| 202025767 | Nov 2011 | CN |
| 298762 | Apr 1916 | DE |
| 941690 | Apr 1956 | DE |
| 2126082 | Dec 1972 | DE |
| 2523087 | Nov 1976 | DE |
| 2556095 | Jun 1977 | DE |
| 3326223 | Apr 1984 | DE |
| 3617225 | Nov 1987 | DE |
| 3723020 | Jan 1989 | DE |
| 3728831 | Jan 1989 | DE |
| 9112788 | Dec 1991 | DE |
| 4115240 | Oct 1992 | DE |
| 10056177 | May 2002 | DE |
| 10062697 | Jul 2002 | DE |
| 10344202 | Apr 2004 | DE |
| 202005006951 | Aug 2005 | DE |
| 102005002828 | Aug 2006 | DE |
| 202006015336 | Dec 2006 | DE |
| 202007002252 | Apr 2007 | DE |
| 202007018367 | Jul 2008 | DE |
| 102007036206 | Feb 2009 | DE |
| 202009010984 | Dec 2009 | DE |
| 102008032985 | Jan 2010 | DE |
| 0481905 | Apr 1992 | EP |
| 0952272 | Oct 1999 | EP |
| 1126098 | Aug 2001 | EP |
| 1447494 | Aug 2004 | EP |
| 1804008 | Jul 2007 | EP |
| 2105971 | Sep 2009 | EP |
| 2327942 | Jun 2011 | EP |
| 2375185 | Oct 2011 | EP |
| 3364124 | Oct 2019 | EP |
| 3361183 | Dec 2019 | EP |
| 469159 | Jul 1914 | FR |
| 1215468 | Apr 1960 | FR |
| 2468209 | Apr 1981 | FR |
| 2515236 | Apr 1983 | FR |
| 2638772 | May 1990 | FR |
| 2793827 | Nov 2000 | FR |
| 2997169 | Apr 2014 | FR |
| 2364077 | Jan 2002 | GB |
| 2430946 | Apr 2007 | GB |
| 2465484 | May 2010 | GB |
| 2476104 | Jun 2011 | GB |
| S56-158486 | Dec 1981 | JP |
| H03-166452 | Jul 1991 | JP |
| H04-73367 | Mar 1992 | JP |
| H04-366294 | Dec 1992 | JP |
| H05-346055 | Dec 1993 | JP |
| H09-256562 | Sep 1997 | JP |
| 2000-179106 | Jun 2000 | JP |
| 2000-234423 | Aug 2000 | JP |
| 2000-303638 | Oct 2000 | JP |
| 2001-303724 | Oct 2001 | JP |
| 2002-146978 | May 2002 | JP |
| 2003-096986 | Apr 2003 | JP |
| 2003-155803 | May 2003 | JP |
| 2004-060358 | Feb 2004 | JP |
| 2004-068270 | Mar 2004 | JP |
| 2004-092134 | Mar 2004 | JP |
| 2004-124583 | Apr 2004 | JP |
| 2004-156326 | Jun 2004 | JP |
| 2004-264009 | Sep 2004 | JP |
| 2004-278145 | Oct 2004 | JP |
| 2005-171623 | Jun 2005 | JP |
| 2006-097291 | Apr 2006 | JP |
| 2011-069130 | Apr 2011 | JP |
| 2011-236611 | Nov 2011 | JP |
| 100957530 | May 2010 | KR |
| 2021378 | Jan 2020 | NL |
| 2021379 | Jan 2020 | NL |
| 2021380 | Jan 2020 | NL |
| 3066398 | Dec 2019 | PT |
| 3066399 | Dec 2019 | PT |
| WO 9630606 | Oct 1996 | WO |
| WO 9708399 | Mar 1997 | WO |
| WO 9955982 | Nov 1999 | WO |
| WO 03098126 | Nov 2003 | WO |
| WO 2008021714 | Feb 2008 | WO |
| WO 2010140878 | Dec 2010 | WO |
| WO 2011019460 | Feb 2011 | WO |
| WO 2012014203 | Feb 2012 | WO |
| WO 2012017711 | Feb 2012 | WO |
| WO 2012048056 | Apr 2012 | WO |
| WO 2013009375 | Jan 2013 | WO |
| WO 2018169391 | Sep 2018 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| “ADJ Heavy Duty Lighting C-clamp,” Sweetwater, 2011, 3 pages [retrieved online from: http://web.archive.org/web/20111112045516/http://www.sweetwater.com/store/detail/CClamp/]. |
| “Aluminum,” Wikipedia, Jul. 3, 2016, 21 pages [retrieved Oct. 3, 2017 from: en.wikipedia.org/w1ki/Aluminium]. |
| “ClampFit-H Product Sheet,” Schletter GmbH, Kirchdorf, Germany, Nov. 2015, 2 pages. |
| “Oil Canning—Solutions,” Pac-Clad, 2001, 2 pages [retrieved online from: pac-clad.com/aiapresentation/sld021.htm]. |
| “Oil Canning,” Metal Construction Association, 2003, Technical Bulletin #95-1060, 2 pages. |
| “Snowbar(TM)—The Ultimate in Snow Retention for Standing Seam Roofs,” Riddell & Company, Inc., 2011, 7 pages [retrieved online from: snobar.com]. |
| Gallo “Oil-Canning,” Metal Roofing Alliance, Ask-the-experts forum, Jun. 7, 2005, 4 pages [retrieved online from: www.metalroofingalliance.net/v2/forums/printview.cfm?action=mboard.members/viewmessages&ForumTopicID=4921&ForumCategoryID=1] (Originally Cited as Miller). |
| Haddock “History and Materials,” Metalmag, Metal roofing from A (Aluminum) to Z (Zinc)—Part I, Sep./Oct. 2001, 4 pages. |
| Haddock “Metallic Coatings for Carbon Steel,” Metalmag, Metal roofing from a (Aluminum) to Z (Zinc)—Part II, Nov./Dec. 2001, 8 pages. |
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for International (PCT) Patent Application No. PCT/US17/59065, dated Jan. 29, 2018 11 pages. |
| “Kee Walk—Roof Top Walkway,” Simplified Safety, 2011, 3 pages [retrieved online from: https://web.archive.org/web/20120207115154/http://simplifiedsafety.com/solutions/keewalk-rooftop-walkway/]. |
| “Miller Fusion Roof Anchor Post,” Miller Fall Protection, 2011, 3 pages [retrieved online from: https://web.archive.org/web/20111211154954/www.millerfallprotection.com/fall-protection-products/roofing-products/miller-fusion-roof-anchor-post]. |
| “KeeLine® The Safety Solution for Horizontal Life Lines,” Kee Safety, Ltd. 2012, 2 pages [retrieved online from: https://web.archive.org/web/20120305120830/http://keesafety.co.uk/products/kee_line]. |
| “New ‘Alzone 360 system’”, Arrid, 2008, 34 pages [retrieved online from: https://web.archive.org/web/20120317120735/www.arrid.com.au/?act=racking_parts]. |
| “REES—Snow Retention Systems,” Weerbewind, 2010, 3 pages [retrieved online from: https://web.archive.org/web/20100310075027/www.rees-oberstdorf.de/en/products/snow-retention-system.html]. |
| “Solar mount. System,” Schletter GmbH, 2012, 1 page [retrieved online from: https://web.archive.org/web/20120316154604/www.schletter.de/152-1-Solar-mounting-systems.html]. |
| Ideematec Tracking & Mounting Systems [online], Apr. 2008, [retrieved Mar. 6, 2012], Retrieved from http://www.ideematec.de. |
| International Preliminary Report on Patentability for International (PCT) Patent Application No. PCT/US17/59065, dated May 9, 2019 7 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20180119423 A1 | May 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62415355 | Oct 2016 | US |
