This application is directed to guides for assisting in the preparation of end portions of long bones as part of a joint replacement or repair procedures, particularly for preparing a proximal (or superior) portion of a humerus for implanting a humeral component of an artificial joint.
Arthroplasty is the standard of care for the treatment of shoulder joint arthritis. A typical humeral head replacement is implanted following exposure of the humeral head, resection of the head and various procedures to create space in the humerus for sub-surface stems or anchors to which an artificial head can be coupled. The humeral head replacement might articulate with the native bone or an opposing glenoid resurfacing device, which may be manufactured from ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) or any other acceptable material.
For more severe cases of shoulder arthritis, the standard treatment is a reverse reconstruction, which includes reversing the kinematics of the shoulder joint. This is performed by securing a semi-spherical device to the glenoid, referred to as a glenoid sphere, and implanting a humeral stem and an articular component coupled to the stem that is capable of receiving the glenoid sphere. In a reverse reconstruction, the humeral stem can attach to a modular tray or include an integrated tray. The tray is configured to receive the articular component.
Preparing the humerus involves resecting the humeral head. Following resection, an awl may be used to create a space that is distal from the resection plane in which the stem or other anchor can be disposed, while a reamer is used to prepare the metaphysis. Historically, reaming is done independently from stem body preparation. However, because there is no link between stem and tray placement, there is the potential for implant misalignment.
In a diaphyseal referencing technique, a space is first formed in the humerus in the shape of the stem and the metaphyseal or bowl cavity is reamed second. However, due to anatomical offset between the axis of the canal and the center of the humeral head, the bowl or tray may break through a proximal portion of the cortical bone P, which compromises proximal fixation (see
To solve these issues, the present disclosure is directed toward instruments for evaluating the metaphyseal and diaphyseal axes and techniques for properly implanting a stem and/or tray within a long bone. The instruments include guides that link the position of an implant stem axis to the position of a proximal bowl or tray. For example, the guides can be shaped and/or sized to represent a proximal face and/or a stem inclination angle of different final implant stems. These guides allow the surgeon to evaluate the approximate stem axis position relative to the humeral canal before committing to the bowl placement in the metaphysis. Using these guides, the surgeon can select the appropriate implant and prepare the bone accordingly. This technique transfers the shape of the implant to the bone and ensures proper alignment of the prepared geometry in the bone and the implant geometry. These features also allow the surgeon to visualize the resection angle relative to the humeral canal to help avoid varus or valgus implant alignment.
The instrumentation can include a system for sizing the resected surface to provide metaphyseal referencing and to properly guide a tool into a central portion of the canal in the diaphysis. The system can include a sizing feature to approximate the size of the metaphysis. The system can also include a base configured to contact the metaphysis and a guide feature configured to guide a tool along a central portion of the canal in the diaphysis. The sizing feature can be a separate disk component or integral with the base.
The instrumentation can include a guide having a base configured to provide metaphyseal referencing. The base can include a first surface configured to contact the metaphysis (pre- or post-reaming) and a second surface opposite the first surface. The guide can include a guide feature having a central axis disposed to guide a tool, for example an awl or a sounder, into a diaphysis of the bone along a central portion of a canal in the diaphysis. The guide feature can extend into and/or outward of the base.
The guide can form part of a kit including multiple guides. Each guide can be configured to position the tool at a different angle relative to the face of the resection surface and/or the metaphyseal axis. A sizing feature can be included in the kit as a separate disk or integrated into the base of one or more of the humeral guides. The sizing feature can help approximate a size of the metaphysis.
Preparing the long bone can include sizing a proximal portion of the bone to properly center and seat the tray within the metaphysis. A central guide pin may be positioned in the bone to center other instruments. Based on the appropriate sizing, a suitable guide may be selected. After sizing, the metaphysis is prepared using a reamer, and the selected guide can guide a tool down a central portion of the canal. The reaming step can take place prior to beginning canal preparation or after canal preparation begins.
In some implementations, the instrumentation can include a guide having a base and a guide feature. The base can include a first surface configured to contact the bone and a second surface opposite the first surface. The guide feature may include a lumen configured to guide a tool along a central portion of the medullary canal.
In some configurations, the guide may include one or more passageways, e.g., a pair of passageways, disposed about a periphery of the base. Each of the one or more passageways may be configured to receive an osteotome. The one or more passageways may take the form of uncaptured cutouts or captured slots. The captured slots may be defined in a slot member extending from second surface of the base to provide support for the osteotome. The slot member may be integral with or separate from the base.
In some configurations, the guide may include a handle attachment feature extending from a central region of the second surface. The handle attachment feature includes an interface, for example a threaded interface, configured to releasably engage a handle.
In some configurations, the guide may include a cutting feature, e.g., teeth or blades, along at least a portion of a periphery of the base, for example a superior region of the base. The cutting feature may be disposed between the first surface and the second surface of the base. The guide may include a groove on the first surface of the base. The groove may be disposed adjacent the cutting feature to provide a passageway for the bone removed by the cutting feature.
In some configurations, the guide may include a pilot tip extending from the first surface of the base. The guide feature lumen may extend through the guide feature and the pilot tip.
Preparing the bone can include advancing the guide onto a resected surface of the bone, e.g., a humeral bone. Optionally, the guide may be positioned on the resected surface using a pilot tip. The clinician may remove additional bone as the guide is advanced onto the resected surface of the bone or while the guide is on the resected surface of the bone. For example, an osteotome may be advanced through a passageway along a periphery of the guide. A tool, e.g., awl or sounder, may be advanced through a guide feature of the guide and along a medullary canal of the bone.
Any feature, structure, or step disclosed herein can be replaced with or combined with any other feature, structure, or step disclosed herein, or omitted. Further, for purposes of summarizing the disclosure, certain aspects, advantages, and features of the inventions have been described herein. It is to be understood that not necessarily any or all such advantages are achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment of the inventions disclosed herein. No individual aspects of this disclosure are essential or indispensable.
Various embodiments are depicted in the accompanying drawings for illustrative purposes, and should in no way be interpreted as limiting the scope of the embodiments. Furthermore, various features of different disclosed embodiments can be combined to form additional embodiments, which are part of this disclosure.
The instrumentation and techniques described herein provide a link between the position of the implant stem axis and the position of the proximal bowl/tray to avoid the above-described complications associated with independent diaphysis and metaphysis preparation. The instrumentation allows the surgeon to evaluate the metaphysis and diaphysis and prepare the bone according to the shape of the implant. The instrumentation also provides opportunities to modify the version, if necessary. Although certain instruments and techniques have been described herein in connection with a humeral bone, the instrumentation and techniques described herein can be used with other long bones, including the femur.
The base 102 is configured to be centered within an outer periphery of the metaphysis so that the final implant does not break through a proximal portion of the cortical bone. For example, as shown in
The humeral guide 100 can include an indicator, for example text, color, surface modifications, etc., e.g., a size indicator 112 of a particular size and/or inclination angle indicator 114 of a particular angle of the humeral guide 100. As detailed further below, the humeral guide 100 can form part of a kit including a plurality of humeral guides 100. The humeral guides 100 may vary in size, e.g., diameter, as indicated by the size indicator 112. The size of the humeral guide 100 can mimic the size of the final implant, for example a proximal face of the final implant stem.
The humeral guides 100 may provide different inclination angles between the guide feature 104 and the base 102 as indicated by the inclination angle indicator 114. The inclination angle of the humeral guide 100 can represent a stem inclination angle of the final implant. The humeral stem is usually offered in one fixed inclination angle, e.g., between 125 degrees and 155 degrees. The humeral stem can be configured with a fixed 135 degree inclination angle. The humeral stem can be configured with a fixed 145 degree inclination angle.
The surgeon may prefer to use a handle 160 to position the humeral guide 100 on the anatomy. Accordingly, the second surface 108 can optionally include one or more handle attachment features 116, 118 configured to interface with a modular handle 160 (see
The humeral guide 100 can include a guide feature 104 on or accessible from the second surface 108. As shown in
Although not required, the guide feature 104 can extend outwardly from a surface of the base 102 to provide additional stabilization and support for the tool. For example, as shown in
The guide feature 104 can include a relief 132 at a transition between the guide feature 104 and the base 102 to facilitate manufacturing or surgical use. For example, in certain surgical techniques the relief 132 also allows the base 102 to fully sit within the reamed cavity so the guide feature 104 does not obstruct proper positioning of the base 102 (see
The humeral guide 400 can include a guide feature 404 adapted to receive a sounder 484 (see
The profile of the guide feature 404, for example at the proximal opening 422 and/or at the distal opening 424, can be non-circular and/or shaped to match the sounder 484 or other tool to prevent rotation of the sounder 484. For example, the periphery of the proximal opening 422 can have at least one non-circular portion, e.g., an inflection point where a circular arc joins a linear segment or joins an arcuate section with a different radius of curvature. A portion of the periphery of the proximal opening 422 can be open such that a portion of the sounder or other instrument can be disposed inside the opening 422 and a portion can extend through the side of the periphery out of the opening 422.
The surgeon may prefer to use a handle to position the humeral guide 400 on the anatomy. Accordingly, the second surface 408 can optionally include one or more handle attachment features 416 configured to interface with a modular handle.
As shown in
The base 502 is configured to be centered within an outer periphery of the metaphysis so that the final implant which is later to be disposed in the same position as the base 502 does not break through a proximal portion of the cortical bone. As shown, the first surface 506 has a curved profile that enables the base 502 to be positioned within a reamed cavity in the metaphysis. However, the first surface 506 can take on any profile, including planar, conical, cylindrical, or otherwise, depending on how the metaphysis is prepared.
The second surface 508 can include an indicator, for example text, color, surface modifications, etc., e.g., a size indicator 512 of a particular size and/or inclination angle indicator 514 of a particular angle of the humeral guide 500. The size of the humeral guide 500 can mimic the size of the final implant, for example, a proximal face of the final implant stem. The inclination angle can represent a stem inclination angle of the final implant. The humeral stem is usually offered in one fixed inclination angle, e.g., between 125 degrees and 155 degrees. The humeral stem can be configured with a fixed 135 degree inclination angle. The humeral stem can be configured with a fixed 145 degree inclination angle.
The surgeon may prefer to use a handle 560 to position the humeral guide 500 on the anatomy. Accordingly, as shown in the
The guide feature 504 of the guide 500 can be disposed on or accessible from the second surface 508. The guide feature 504 defines a lumen extending from a proximal opening 522 of the guide feature 504 to a distal opening of the base 502 such that a tool can be advanced through the humeral guide 500. The guide feature 504 is configured to guide a tool into a diaphysis of the humerus bone along a central portion of a canal in the diaphysis. The guide feature 504 can be positioned at a superior side or region of the base 502 so the guide feature 504 can guide a tool into the diaphysis.
The guide feature 504 can extend proximally from a surface of the base 502 such that the proximal opening 522 is disposed away from (proximal of) the second surface 508 to provide additional stabilization and support for the tool. The guide feature 504 can have a cylindrical profile. The guide feature 504 does not extend proximally in some embodiments.
The guide feature 504 can include a retroversion indicator 528. The humeral guide 500 also can include or be coupled with a retroversion rod to allow the surgeon to evaluate the version. Although the retroversion rod is not shown, the guide feature 504 can include a connector 536 adapted to receive the retroversion rod. The retroversion rod and connector 536 can be moveable relative to the cylindrical body of the guide feature 504. For example, the retroversion rod and connector 536 can be configured to swivel with respect to the retroversion indicator 528. If the proximal humeral resection was not accurate or for other reasons dictated by surgeon judgement, the surgeon can modify the version by forcing the guide 500 to an appropriate version angle. This technique can also be used to fine tune stem access as controlled by the guide 500.
As shown in
The base 502 can include one or more interfacing features 538 adapted to align with and/or join one or more corresponding interfacing features 540 on the stop collar 526. For example, the base interfacing features 538 can include one or more openings on the second surface 508 of the base 502 and the stop collar interfacing features 540 can include one or more projections on an underside of the stop collar 526, or vice versa. Each interfacing feature 538, 540 can be integral with or separate with the base 502 or stop collar 526. Any of the interfacing features 538, 540 can be threaded or include other interlocking features to join the base 502. Any of the interfacing features 538, 540 may not include an interlocking feature and simply provide alignment. As shown in
As shown in
After the surgeon gains access to the humeral head, the superior or proximal end portion of the humerus is resected. The surgeon may be provided with one or more sizing disks 150 to determine a size of the metaphysis, for example, two, three, four, or more different sized disks. For example, each sizing disk 150 can include an arcuate body, e.g., a circular body 166, representative of the diameter of a proximal face of a stem of the final implant 190. The diameter of the circular body 166 may vary between the different sized disks 150. Each sizing disk 150 can include a sizing indicator 112 representative of the size of the sizing disk 150. As described in more detail below, the selected sizing disk 150 can indicate the size of at least some of the tools and/or implants the surgeon should use to prepare the bone.
As shown in
Optionally, each sizing disk 150 can be positioned using a modular handle 162. The surgeon will select the appropriate sized disk 150 that centers a cannulation hole 152 at the center of the resection surface and fits within the cortical boundary of the resected surface, but does not hang over the periphery of the resected surface (see
The sizing disk 150 can also include a plurality of inclination holes 156, for example two, three, four, or more holes, providing a different inclination angle relative to the face of the resection surface. The angle of the inclination holes 156 can be representative of a resection angle or a stem inclination angle, e.g., between an axis extending through a distal end of the stem and an axis extending through a proximal face of the stem, of the final implant. The inclination angle can represent the angle between the metaphyseal bowl and the stem to allow the surgeon to evaluate approximate stem axis position relative to the humeral canal before committing to the bowl placement in the metaphysis.
Each inclination hole 156 can be provided with an inclination indicator 114 that indicates the inclination angle of each inclination hole 156. For example, in
As shown in
The sizing disk 150 can also help verify that the angle of the resected surface is appropriate. If the pin 158 is not in line with or parallel the diaphysis axis Y, then the angle of the resected surface may be off and the surgeon can recut the resected surface or make another adjustment to improve the positioning in the humerus.
After selecting the appropriate sizing disk 150, a corresponding sized reamer 170 may be selected and delivered over the central guide pin 154 to ream the metaphysis (see
After reaming, the first surface 106 of any of the above-described humeral guides may be positioned in the reamed cavity. A humeral guide 100 is selected based on the selected sizing disk 150 and/or selected inclination angle. The diameter of the base 102 corresponds to the diameter of the circular body 166 of the selected sizing disk 150. The orientation of the guide feature 104 corresponds to the selected inclination angle.
The humeral guide 100 may be positioned in the metaphysis using a modular handle 160. As previously discussed with respect to
As shown in
After creating the pilot hole, a compactor 172 may be selected based on the size and shape of the final implant 190. As shown in
With the compactor 172 in place, a surface planer 178 may be utilized to ensure a flat resection true to the implant (see
After the humeral bone has been prepared, an anatomical trial implant (
As mentioned above, the surgeon may be provided with an instrumentation kit including a plurality of sizing disks 150 and a plurality of humeral guides 100 (or humeral guides 200, 300, 400, 500). The different components can be designed to transfer the shape of each available final implant to the bone. For example, the kit may include at least three different-sized disks 150. Each sizing disk 150 can include at least two different inclination angles. Thus, the kit can include at least three different sized humeral guides 100. Each humeral guide size can have at least two different guide feature 104 orientations for different inclination angles. Further, each humeral guide size can include a corresponding sized starter awl or other starter tool.
As discussed above, the humeral guide 600 includes a base 602 and a guide feature 604. The base 602 includes a first or lateral surface 606 configured to contact the metaphysis and a second or medial surface 608 opposite the first surface 606.
As shown in
The second surface 608 can include an indicator, for example text, color, surface modifications, etc., e.g., a size indicator 612 of a particular size and/or inclination angle indicator 614 of a particular angle of the humeral guide 600.
As detailed further below, the humeral guide 600 can form part of a kit including a plurality of humeral guides 600. The humeral guides 600 may vary in size as indicated by the size indicator 612 and/or provide different inclination angles between the guide feature 604 and the base 602 as indicated by the inclination angle indicator 614. The inclination angle can be representative of a resection angle or a stem inclination angle, e.g., between an axis extending through a distal end of the stem and an axis extending through a proximal face of the stem, of the final implant. The inclination angle can provide the angle between the metaphyseal bowl and the stem. As shown, the humeral guide 600 has an inclination angle of 145 degrees, but the humeral guide 600 may have other inclination angles, for example between 125 degrees and 155 degrees, e.g., 135 degrees.
The base 602 is configured to be centered within an outer periphery of the metaphysis so that the final implant centered on the same portion of the resected humerus upon which the base 602 is centered, in use, does not break through a proximal portion of the cortical bone. The humeral guide 600 can include an arcuate body, e.g., a circular body 666, representative of the diameter or major axis of a proximal face of a stem of the final implant 190 to be located at the resection plane of the humerus (see
As shown in
The surgeon may prefer to use a handle to position the humeral guide 600 on the anatomy. Accordingly, the second surface 608 can optionally include one or more handle attachment features 616, 618 configured to interface with a modular handle. As shown in
The guide feature 604 of the humeral guide 600 can be disposed on or accessible from the second surface 608. The guide feature 604 defines a lumen extending from a proximal opening 622 of the guide feature 604 to a distal opening of the base 602 such that a tool can be advanced through the humeral guide 600. The guide feature 604 is configured to guide a tool into a diaphysis of the humerus bone along a central portion of a canal in the diaphysis. The guide feature 604 can be positioned at a superior side or region of the base 602 so the guide feature 604 can guide a tool into the diaphysis.
Although not required, the guide feature 604 can extend outwardly from (proximally or medially of) a surface of the base 602 to provide additional stabilization and support for the tool. For example, as shown in
Any of the guides or sizing disks described herein can include one or more stabilization features, such as stabilization holes 634 extending through the base 602 or barbs or other anchors on the first surface 606. One or more stabilization pins can be driven through a respective stabilization hole 634 to hold the guide 600 in place during diaphyseal preparation. As shown in
After the surgeon gains access to the humeral head, the superior or proximal end portion of the humerus is resected. The surgeon may be provided with one or more humeral guides 600 to determine a size of the metaphysis and evaluate the diaphysis, for example, two, three, four, or more different sized humeral guides. As explained above, each humeral guide 600 can include an arcuate body, e.g., a circular body 666, representative of the diameter of a proximal face of a stem of the final implant 190. Each humeral guide 600 can also include one or more sizing features (e.g., tabs 664) to facilitate visualization of the space between the implant to be implanted (visualized with reference to the circular body 666) and the cortical boundary of the bone. The selected humeral guide 600 can indicate the size of at least some of the tools and/or implants the surgeon should use to prepare the bone.
As shown in
Within each size, the surgeon may be provided with or may select one or more humeral guides 600 having different inclination angles, which can represent an angle relative to the face of the resection surface or the stem inclination angle of the final implant stem to be implanted. The inclination angle allows the surgeon to evaluate approximate stem axis position relative to the humeral canal before committing to the bowl placement in the metaphysis. The cylindrical extension of the guide feature 604 can provide a visual indicator of the inclination angle to help the surgeon select the appropriate inclination angle and/or verify that the angle of the resected surface is appropriate. If the cylindrical extension of the guide feature 604 is not in line with or parallel the diaphysis axis Y, then the angle of the resected surface may be off and the surgeon can recut the resected surface or make another adjustment to improve the positioning in the humerus.
After selecting the appropriate humeral guide 600, optionally, one or more stabilization pins can be driven through a respective stabilization hole 634 to hold the guide 600 in place during diaphyseal preparation. The starter awl 680 or other tool is delivered through the guide feature 604 to create a pilot hole in line with the diaphysis axis. The pilot hole may extend toward or through the canal and in some techniques can extend at least the length of the final implant 190. Although not shown, after creating the pilot hole, different sized awls or sounders may be utilized to compact or otherwise prepare bone. At any time, for example after the pilot hole is created, the central guide pin 654 may be driven through the cannulation hole 652 to guide other instruments.
After creating the pilot hole, a corresponding sized reamer 670 may be selected and delivered over the central guide pin 654 to ream the metaphysis (see
Following compacting, the same preparation steps described above with respect to
Any of the guides described herein may have a patient specific design that matches the metaphyseal and diaphyseal axes of the patient's bone. The guides can be generated based on pre-operative or intra-operative imaging, such as CT scan, MRI scan, X-ray, or other imaging, and formed utilizing, for example, 3-D printing technology or the like.
As shown in
The second surface 708 can include one or more indicators, for example text, color, surface modifications, etc., e.g., a size indicator of a particular size and/or inclination angle indicator of a particular angle of the humeral guide 700. As shown in
The base 702 is configured to be centered within an outer periphery of the metaphysis so that the final implant at least partially centered on the same portion of the resected humerus upon which the base 702 is centered, in use, does not break through a proximal portion of the cortical bone. The humeral guide 700 can include an arcuate body, e.g., a circular or partial circular body 766, representative of the diameter or major axis of a proximal face of a stemmed or stemless anchor of the final implant 190 to be located at or adjacent to resection plane of the humerus (see
The humeral guide 700 may include a depth stop 726 configured to control a depth of the humeral guide 700 relative to the bone. The shape and/or size of the depth stop 726 may correspond to the shape and/or size of a collar on the final implant. The second surface 708 may have a greater diameter and project radially outward of the first surface 706, thus forming the depth stop 726. However, as described in earlier examples, the depth stop 726 can be a modular component separately attached to a guide. As explained further below, the depth stop 726 rests on a recessed surface in the bone in some techniques.
The guide feature 704 of the humeral guide 700 can be disposed on or accessible from the second surface 708. The guide feature 704 defines a lumen extending from a second opening 722 of the guide feature 704 to a first opening 705 of the base 702 such that a tool can be advanced through the humeral guide 700 (see
The guide feature 704 is configured to guide a tool into a diaphysis of the humerus bone along a central portion of a canal in the diaphysis. The guide feature 704 can be positioned at a superior side or region of the base 702 so the guide feature 704 can guide a tool into the diaphysis.
The humeral guide 700 may also include a retroversion indicator 728, for example on the guide feature 704. As the retroversion rod 730 on the awl 780 is moved relative to the guide feature 704, the retroversion rod 730 allows the surgeon to evaluate the version (see
The surgeon may prefer to use a handle 760 to position the humeral guide 700 on the anatomy (see
The humeral guide 700 may form part of a kit including a plurality of humeral guides 700. The humeral guides 700 may vary in size as indicated by the size indicator 712. As explained above, the size of the humeral guide 700 may be selected based on a selected sizing disk that indicates the size of at least some of the tools and/or implants the surgeon should use to prepare the bone.
The kit may also include humeral guides 700 with different inclination angles between the guide feature 704 and the base 702. The inclination angle can be representative of a resection angle or a stem inclination angle, e.g., between an axis extending through a distal end of the stem and an axis extending through a proximal face of the stem of the final implant. The inclination angle can be measured between an axis aligned with a central longitudinal axis of an elongate distal portion of a stem and an axis extending perpendicular to a proximal face of the stem of the final implant. The inclination angle can be measured between an axis aligned with a central longitudinal axis of the humerus and an axis extending perpendicular to a proximal face of a humeral anchor with or without a stem portion. The inclination angle can provide the angle between a metaphyseal bowl portion and a stem portion of an implant. As shown, the humeral guide 700 has an inclination angle of 145 degrees, but the humeral guide 700 may have other inclination angles, for example angles of or between 125 degrees and 155 degrees, e.g., 135 degrees.
As described above, the surgeon may prefer to use a handle to position the humeral guide on the anatomy. Accordingly, as shown in the
As described above, a rear side of the humeral guide may include an open channel from the guide feature lumen to the first opening on the first surface of the humeral guide. However, other configurations are possible. For example, as shown in
After the surgeon gains access to the humeral head, the superior or proximal end portion of the humerus is resected. The surgeon may evaluate the size of the metaphysis using any of the techniques described herein. For example, the surgeon may be provided with one or more sizing disks to determine a size of the metaphysis. Using the selected sizing disk, the surgeon can place a pin.
After selecting the appropriate sizing disk, a corresponding sized reamer 770 may be selected and delivered over the guide pin 754 to ream the metaphysis (see
As shown in
Within each size, the surgeon may be provided with or may select one or more humeral guides 700 having different inclination angles, which can represent an angle relative to the face of the resection surface or the stem inclination angle of the final implant stem to be implanted. The inclination angle allows the surgeon to evaluate approximate stem axis position relative to the humeral canal before committing to the bowl placement in the metaphysis. The cylindrical extension of the guide feature 704 can provide a visual indicator of the inclination angle to help the surgeon select the appropriate inclination angle and/or verify that the angle of the resected surface is appropriate. If the cylindrical extension of the guide feature 704 is not in line with or parallel the diaphysis axis, then the angle of the resected surface may be off and the surgeon can recut the resected surface or make another adjustment to improve the positioning in the humerus.
After placing the appropriate humeral guide 700, the starter awl 780 or other tool is delivered through the guide feature 704 to create a pilot hole in line with the diaphysis axis. The pilot hole may extend toward or through the canal and in some techniques can extend at least the length of the final implant. Although not shown, after creating the pilot hole, different sized awls or sounders may be utilized to compact or otherwise prepare bone.
After reaming, a compactor may be selected based on the size and shape of the final implant. Compacting and following steps may include the same steps described above with respect to
Any of the guides described herein may have a patient specific design that matches the metaphyseal and diaphyseal axes of the patient's bone. The guides can be generated based on pre-operative or intra-operative imaging, such as CT scan, Mill scan, X-ray, or other imaging, and formed utilizing, for example, 3-D printing technology or the like.
As shown in
The second surface 908 can include one or more indicators, for example text, color, surface modifications, etc., e.g., a size indicator of a particular size and/or inclination angle indicator of a particular angle of the humeral guide 900. As shown in
At least a portion of the second surface 908 may project radially outward of the first surface 906, thus forming the depth stop 926. The depth stop 926 may be configured to control a depth of insertion of the humeral guide 900 relative to the bone, e.g., relative to a resected or reamed surface. The shape and/or size of the depth stop 926 may correspond to the shape and/or size of a collar on the final implant. As explained above, the depth stop 926 rests on a recessed surface in the bone in some techniques.
As illustrated, the second surface 908 does not project radially outward of an entire circumference of the first surface 906. For example, the second surface 908 may only project radially outward of less than or equal to about 270 degrees, less than or equal to about 225 degrees, or less than or equal to about 180 degrees of a circumference of the first surface 906. The projecting portion of the second surface 908 can be located on an opposite side of the guide 900 compared to the location of the guide feature 904.
The guide feature 904 of the humeral guide 900 can be disposed on or accessible from the second surface 908. The guide feature 904 defines a lumen extending from a first opening 905 disposed on the first surface 906 of the base 902 to a second opening 922 disposed at an end of the guide feature 904 to such that a tool, e.g., an awl or sounder, can be advanced through the humeral guide 900. A rear side of the humeral guide 900 may include an open channel 921 forming a portion of the guide feature lumen extending to the first opening 905. The open channel 921 prevents the guide feature 904 from impinging on the resection. Although not required, the guide feature 904 can extend outwardly from (laterally of) a surface of the base 902 to provide additional stabilization and support for the tool. The guide feature 904 can have a cylindrical profile. In other configurations, the second opening 922 of the guide feature 904 may be positioned at or flush with the second surface 908.
The guide feature 904 is configured to guide a tool into a diaphysis of the bone along a central portion of a canal in the diaphysis. The guide feature 904 can be positioned at a superior side or region of the base 902 so the guide feature 904 can guide a tool into the diaphysis. The projecting portion of the second surface 908 can be located on an inferior side of the guide 900.
The surgeon may prefer to use a handle to position the humeral guide 900 on the anatomy. The humeral guide 900 can optionally include a handle attachment features 918 configured to interface with a handle. The handle attachment feature 918 can extend from a central region of the second surface 908. The handle attachment feature 918 may be a threaded attachment feature disposed within a projection 917 extending from the second surface 908. Fully enclosing the handle connection within the projection 917 prevents unintentional disengagement of the handle. Providing the handle attachment features 918 in the central region of the humeral guide 900 prevents the guide from tilting when manipulating the handle.
The base 902 can include one or more passageways 919 at a periphery of the base 902. The one or more passageways 919 provide access from the second surface 908 to the bone for a tool, such as an osteotome configured to remove additional bone. The one or more passageways 919 can be specifically shaped and/or sized to receive the blade of an osteotome, e.g., the osteotome 1095 of
The one or more passageways 919 may extend along at least a portion of the periphery the base 902. As mentioned above, the second surface 908 project radially outward of only a partial circumference of the first surface 906. As shown in
As shown in
In other configurations, the one or more passageway 919 can be fully enclosed or captured passageways. For example, as shown in
The slot member 923 can occupy or fill a space extended between two or more of the passageways 919, the guide feature 904, and the handle attachment 918. The slot member 923 can also extend medially, e.g., away from the second surface 908 in a direction opposite the first surface 906. As illustrated, the slot member 923 is integral with the base 902, but in other embodiments, the slot member 923 may be a separate component detachably attached to the base 902. Although
The humeral guide 900 may form part of a kit including a plurality of humeral guides 900. The humeral guides 900 may vary in size as indicated by the size indicator 912. As explained above, the size of the humeral guide 900 may be selected based on a selected sizing disk that indicates the size of at least some of the tools and/or implants the surgeon should use to prepare the bone. The kit may also include humeral guides 900 with different inclination angles between the guide feature 904 and the base 902.
The kit may include one or more osteotomes 1095 shaped and sized to be advanced through the passageways 919 in the humeral guides 900. For example, the kit may include a separate osteotome 1095 for each passageway 919. Each size of the humeral guide 900 may include the same sized passageways 919 or include different sized passageways 919 depending on the size of the guide 900. If the passageways 919 are different sizes, the kit may include different sized osteotomes 1095 that correspond to the different sized passageways 919.
As shown in
After reaming, the first surface 906 of the humeral guide 900A may be positioned in the reamed cavity (see
Prior to or following introduction of the awl 1080, a clinician may optionally decide to remove additional bone. For example, if the patient has dense bone material, the clinician may desire to remove additional bone. As shown in
After the bone has been prepared, the awl 1080 may be removed (see
As shown in
The second surface 1108 can include one or more indicators, for example text, color, surface modifications, etc., e.g., a size indicator of a particular size and/or inclination angle indicator of a particular angle of the humeral guide 900. As shown in
The second surface 1108 may have a greater diameter than and project radially outward of the first surface 1106, thus forming the depth stop 1126. The depth stop 1126 may be configured to control a depth of the humeral guide 1100 relative to the bone. The shape and/or size of the depth stop 1126 may correspond to the shape and/or size of a collar on the final implant. As explained above, the depth stop 1126 rests on a recessed surface in the bone in some techniques.
The guide feature 1104 of the humeral guide 1100 can be disposed on or accessible from the second surface 1108. The guide feature 1104 defines a lumen extending from a second opening 1122 of the guide feature 1104 to a first opening 1105 of the base 1102 such that a tool can be advanced through the humeral guide 1100. A rear side of the humeral guide 1100 may include an open channel 1121 forming a portion of the guide feature lumen extending to the first opening 1105. The open channel 1121 prevents the guide feature 1104 from impinging on the resection. Although not required, the guide feature 1104 can extend outwardly from (laterally of) a surface of the base 1102 to provide additional stabilization and support for the tool. The guide feature 1104 can have a cylindrical profile. In other configurations, the second opening 1122 of the guide feature 1104 may be positioned at or flush with the second surface 1108.
The guide feature 1104 is configured to guide a tool into a diaphysis of the bone along a central portion of a canal in the diaphysis. The guide feature 1104 can be positioned at a superior side or region of the base 1102 so the guide feature 1104 can guide a tool into the diaphysis.
The surgeon may prefer to use a handle to position the humeral guide 1100 on the anatomy. The humeral guide 1100 can optionally include one or more handle attachment features 1118 configured to interface with a handle. The handle attachment feature 1118 can extend from a central region of the second surface 1108. The handle attachment feature 1118 may be a threaded attachment feature disposed within a projection 1117 extending from the second surface 1108. Fully enclosing the handle connection within the projection 1117 prevents unintentional disengagement of the handle. Providing the handle attachment features 1118 in the central region of the humeral guide 1100 prevents the guide from tilting when manipulating the handle.
The base 1102 can include a cutting feature 1131 for removing additional bone as the guide 1100 is advanced into the bone. For example, the cutting feature 1131 may punch out bone as the guide 1100 is advanced into the bone. Including the cutting feature 1131 on the guide 1100 may reduce the total number of tools needed to prepare the bone.
The cutting feature 1131 may be disposed along at least a portion of the periphery of the base 1102 or along the entire periphery of the base 1102. For example, as shown in
The humeral guide 1100 may also include a groove or channel 1135 disposed on the first surface 1106. The groove 1135 provides space for displaced bone fragments from the cutting feature 1131 cutting the bone. As shown in
The humeral guide 1100 may form part of a kit including a plurality of humeral guides 1100. The humeral guides 1100 may vary in size as indicated by the size indicator 1112. As explained above, the size of the humeral guide 1100 may be selected based on a selected sizing disk that indicates the size of at least some of the tools and/or implants the surgeon should use to prepare the bone. The kit may also include humeral guides 1100 with different inclination angles between the guide feature 1104 and the base 1102.
The humeral guide 1200 includes the base 1202 and a guide feature 1204. The base 1202 includes a first or lateral surface 1206 configured to contact the metaphysis and a second or medial surface 1208 opposite the first surface 1206. As illustrated, the guide 1200 includes a pilot tip 1237 extending from the first surface 1206. The pilot tip 1237 can include a cylindrical, conical, frustoconical, or other shape. The pilot tip 1237 may facilitate introduction of the guide 1200 into the bone.
The guide feature 1204 of the humeral guide 1200 can be disposed on or accessible from the second surface 1208. The guide feature 1204 defines a lumen extending from a second opening 1222 of the guide feature 1204 to a first opening 1205 in the pilot tip 1237 such that a tool can be advanced through the humeral guide 1200. A rear side of the humeral guide 1200 may include an open channel 1221 from the guide feature lumen to the first opening 1205. The open channel 1221 prevents the guide feature 1204 from impinging on the resection. Although not required, the guide feature 1204 can extend outwardly from (laterally of) a surface of the base 1202 to provide additional stabilization and support for the tool. The guide feature 1204 can have a cylindrical profile. In other configurations, the second opening 1222 of the guide feature 1204 may be positioned at or flush with the second surface 1208.
The base 1202 can include a cutting feature 1231 for removing additional bone as the guide 1200 is advanced into the bone. For example, the cutting feature 1231 may punch out bone as the guide 1200 is advanced into the bone. Including the cutting feature 1231 on the guide 1200 may reduce the total number of tools needed to prepare the bone.
The cutting feature 1231 can be disposed along at least a portion of the periphery of the base 1202 or along the entire periphery of the base 1202. For example, as shown in
The humeral guide 1200 may also include a groove or channel 1235 disposed on the first surface 1206. The groove 1235 provides space for displaced bone fragments from the cutting feature 1231 cutting the bone. As shown in
As used herein, the relative terms “lateral” and “medial” shall be defined relative to the anatomy. Thus, medial refers to the direction toward the midline and lateral refers to the direction away from the midline.
Although certain embodiments and examples have been described herein, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many aspects of the delivery systems shown and described in the present disclosure may be differently combined and/or modified to form still further embodiments or acceptable examples. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure. A wide variety of designs and approaches are possible. No feature, structure, or step disclosed herein is essential or indispensable.
For purposes of this disclosure, certain aspects, advantages, and novel features are described herein. It is to be understood that not necessarily all such advantages may be achieved in accordance with any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure may be embodied or carried out in a manner that achieves one advantage or a group of advantages as taught herein without necessarily achieving other advantages as may be taught or suggested herein.
Moreover, while illustrative embodiments have been described herein, the scope of any and all embodiments having equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., of aspects across various embodiments), adaptations and/or alterations as would be appreciated by those in the art based on the present disclosure. The limitations in the claims are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to the examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. Further, the actions of the disclosed processes and methods may be modified in any manner, including by reordering actions and/or inserting additional actions and/or deleting actions. It is intended, therefore, that the specification and examples be considered as illustrative only, with a true scope and spirit being indicated by the claims and their full scope of equivalents.
Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that some embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements, and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, blocks, and/or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without author input or prompting, whether these features, elements and/or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.
The ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all overlap, sub-ranges, and combinations thereof. Language such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” “between,” and the like includes the number recited. Numbers preceded by a term such as “about” or “approximately” include the recited numbers and should be interpreted based on the circumstances (e.g., as accurate as reasonably possible under the circumstances, for example ±1%, ±5%, ±10%, ±15%, etc.). For example, “about 0.01 inches” includes “0.01 inches.” Phrases preceded by a term such as “substantially” include the recited phrase and should be interpreted based on the circumstances (e.g., as much as reasonably possible under the circumstances). For example, “substantially linear” includes “linear.”
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/US2021/023439 | 3/22/2021 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62994699 | Mar 2020 | US |