This disclosure relates generally to an electric meter. More particularly, this disclosure relates to an electric meter for use with a distributed energy resource device.
Distributed energy resource (DER) devices, for example, solar panels, wind turbines, electric vehicle batteries, etc. are typically wired into the grid with a connection into a circuit breaker in an electrical panel within a customer's premises. If metering of the DER device is required, a separate meter is typically mounted on the customer's wall for this purpose. One or more disconnect switches are typically also mounted on the customer's wall.
There is an increase in the use of DER devices by energy consumers, including residential consumers. Currently, when a consumer wants to connect a DER device at a premises, a utility and an electrician installing the DER device must coordinate and be on the premises at the same time. The utility disconnects the power to the meter socket. After the power is disconnected, the electrician connects the DER device “behind the meter.” In some installations, a separate meter for the DER device may be required. After the DER device is installed, the utility re-connects the power to the meter socket. A system for connecting a DER device to an existing utility service without coordination between the utility and the electrician is desirable.
Systems for connecting distributed energy resource devices with distributed energy resource meters are provided.
According to various aspects of the present disclosure, an electric meter includes a housing, a first set of connection paths, and a second set of connection paths. The first set of connection paths couple to a meter socket and are electrically coupled to a first electrical connection path between first phases of an electric distribution power source, a distributed energy resource device, and a load. First electrical metrology components of the first electrical connection path are positioned within a first segment of the housing. The second set of connection paths couple to a meter socket and are electrically coupled to a second electrical connection path between second phases of the electric distribution power source, the distributed energy resource device, and the load. Second electrical metrology components of the second electrical connection path are positioned within a second segment of the housing that is non-overlapping with the first segment of the housing.
In another example, a system includes an electric meter socket and an electric meter that mates with the electric meter socket. The electric meter includes a housing, a first set of connection paths, and a second set of connection paths. The first set of connection paths couple to a meter socket and are electrically coupled to a first electrical connection path between first phases of an electric distribution power source, a distributed energy resource device, and a load. First electrical metrology components of the first electrical connection path are positioned within a first segment of the housing. The second set of connection paths couple to a meter socket and are electrically coupled to a second electrical connection path between second phases of the electric distribution power source, the distributed energy resource device, and the load. Second electrical metrology components of the second electrical connection path are positioned within a second segment of the housing that is non-overlapping with the first segment of the housing.
In another example, a system for metering a distributed energy resource device includes an electric meter and an electric meter socket the electrically couples to the electric meter. The electric meter includes a housing, a first set of connection paths, and a second set of connection paths. The first set of connection paths couple to a meter socket and are electrically coupled to a first electrical connection path between first phases of an electric distribution power source, a distributed energy resource device, and a load. First electrical metrology components of the first electrical connection path are positioned within a first segment of the housing. The second set of connection paths couple to a meter socket and are electrically coupled to a second electrical connection path between second phases of the electric distribution power source, the distributed energy resource device, and the load. Second electrical metrology components of the second electrical connection path are positioned within a second segment of the housing that is non-overlapping with the first segment of the housing. The electric meter socket includes a first line connection path and a second line connection path within the electric meter socket that form a first line electrical connection and a second line electrical between the electric meter and line voltage wirings of the electric distribution power source. The electric meter socket also includes a first distributed energy resource connection path and a second distributed energy resource connection path within the electric meter socket that form a first distributed energy resource electrical connection and a second distributed energy resource electrical connection between the electric meter and distributed energy resource voltage wirings of the distributed energy resource device. Further, the electric meter socket includes a first load connection path and a second load connection path within the electric meter socket that form a first load electrical connection and a second load electrical connection between the electric meter and the load. Furthermore, the electric meter socket includes at least one neutral connection path within the electric meter socket that forms a neutral electrical connection between the electric meter and neutral wires of the electric distribution power source, the distributed energy resource device, and the load.
These illustrative aspects and features are mentioned not to limit or define the presently described subject matter, but to provide examples to aid understanding of the concepts described in this application. Other aspects, advantages, and features of the presently described subject matter will become apparent after review of the entire application.
Aspects and features of the various embodiments will be more apparent by describing examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
While certain examples are described herein, these examples are presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection. The apparatuses and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms. Furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form of the example methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the scope of protection.
Systems are provided for connecting distributed energy resource (DER) devices with metering devices. Currently there is no standard system for connecting DER devices to the grid. Existing systems often rely on coordination between a utility that owns a utility metering device and an electrician installing the DER device. For example, the utility may be required to remove the utility metering device while the electrician is on premises to install the DER device. Upon installation of the DER device, the utility has to reinstall the utility metering device.
A DER meter is described herein that provides a mechanism to meter electricity originating from both a DER device and the utility. The DER meter may mate with a DER-enabled meter socket at a customer premises. For the purpose of this disclosure, a DER device is defined as any resource on an electric distribution system (i.e., a grid) that produces or stores electricity that can be provided to the distribution system, or any large load device that can be controlled to manage overall peak load of the distribution system. For example, the DER device may be a residential solar installation or a residential wind turbine installation, with or without local battery storage.
The DER meter 102 may be combined with a communications module to enable the DER meter 102 to communicate with other meters and with a utility. As illustrated in
The electrical service or load 110 is also connected to the meter socket 104 via corresponding electrical wiring L1 (Load) and L2 (Load). The meter socket 104 may be a socket, such as a form 14S, 15S, or 16S meter socket, that includes electrical connectors to provide electrical connections to a conventional meter when a conventional meter is plugged into the meter socket 104. Other meter socket forms for the meter socket 104 are also contemplated. An electrical connection between the grid 108 and the electrical service 110 is formed through the DER meter 102 when the DER meter 102 is plugged into the meter socket 104. Within the DER meter 102, voltage and current provided by the grid 108 to the electrical service 110 is measured, or metered, by measuring devices. The measuring devices may be, for example, voltage transducers 112 and current transducers 114 that measure electrical characteristics of voltage and current waveforms, respectively. Power delivered to the electrical service 110 may be calculated based on the voltage and current measurements.
Output wirings from the DER device 116 may also be connected at connection points within the meter socket 104. A neutral wire N connection 118 may be formed at a connection point within the meter socket 104 to connect the neutral wires from the grid 108, the DER device 116, the electrical service 110, and the DER meter 102. In one or more examples, the connection points for the DER device 116 may be positioned on a side 120 of the meter socket 104. For example, the side 120 of the meter socket 104 may be any side of the meter socket 104 that does not interface with the DER meter 102 (e.g., a side that is exposed while the meter socket 104 is coupled to the DER meter 102). Positioning the connection points on the side 120 may provide an easily accessible location for the DER device 116 to connect with the meter socket 104.
The connection points within the meter socket 104 may provide electrical connections between the meter socket 104 and the DER meter 102. For example, the connection points for the lines L1 (Line) and L2 (Line) at the meter socket 104 from the grid 108 may electrically connect the lines L1 (Line) and L2 (Line) from the grid 108 to the DER meter 102. Similarly, the lines L1 and L2 from the DER device 116 and the lines L1 (Load) and L2 (Load) to the electrical service 110 may be electrically connected to the DER meter 102 through the connection points within the meter socket 104. Similar to the lines L1 (Line) and L2 (Line) from the grid 108, the lines L1 and L2 from the DER device 116 may provide voltages having different electrical phases. Further, the connection point for the neutral wire N may also have an electrical connection in a corresponding receptacle of the meter socket 104.
The connection points (e.g., receptacles) included in the meter socket 104 may accommodate insertion of connecting components (e.g., blade connectors) on the DER meter 102 to form electrical connections between the meter socket 104 and the DER meter 102. Other electrical couplings are also contemplated between the meter socket 104, the DER device 116, and the DER meter 102. When the connecting components of the DER meter 102 are inserted into the receptacles of the meter socket 104, electrical connections may be formed between the DER meter 102 and the lines L1 (Line) and L2 (Line) from the grid 108, between the DER meter 102 and the lines L1 and L2 from the DER device 116, and between the DER meter 102 and the lines L1 (Load) and L2 (Load) to the electrical service 110. The connection points and connecting components (e.g., receptacles and blade connectors) may generally be referred to as mating connectors.
When the connecting components of the DER meter 102 are inserted into the receptacles of the meter socket 104, and when the connecting components of the DER device 116, the grid 108, and the electrical service 110 are inserted into the receptacles of the meter socket 104, an electrical connection may be formed between the neutral wire N and the DER meter 102. The electrical connection of the neutral wire N with the DER meter 102 may provide an electrical reference point to enable voltage measurements from L1 (Line) to neutral and L2 (Line) to neutral at the voltage transducers 112 within the DER meter 102. The ability to perform these voltage measurements at the DER meter 102 may allow for more advanced and higher fidelity metering than is possible with a standard 2S meter form, for example, which only has L1 (Line) and L2 (Line) connections available (i.e., no neutral N connection) and therefore can only measure line to line voltage (i.e., from L1 (Line) to L2 (Line)). The DER meter 102 may also perform current measurements on the L1 (Line) and L2 (Line) lines from the grid 108 using the current transducer 114a and 114b, the electrical service 110 using the current transducers 114c and 114d, and the DER device 116 using the current transducers 114d and 114e. The ability to perform L1 (Line) to neutral and L2 (Line) to neutral voltage measurements at the DER meter 102 as well as performing the current measurements at the DER meter 102 may enable implementation of various applications such as load disaggregation algorithms.
In an example, the current transducers 114c and 114d may not be included in the DER meter 102. In such an example, the current to the electrical service 110 (e.g., the load) may be measured using an algebraic sum of currents from the grid 108 and the DER device 116. The following equations may be used:
ILOAD-L1=−ILINE-L1−IDER-L1 (Equation 1)
ILOAD-L2=−ILINE-L2−IDER-L2 (Equation 2)
where ILOAD-L1 is a calculated current at L1 (Load), ILINE-L1 is a measured current at L1 (Line), IDER-L1 is a measured current at L1 (DER), ILOAD-L2 is a calculated current at L2 (Load), ILINE-L2 is a measured current at L2 (Line), and IDER-L2 is a measured current at L2 (DER).
The lines L1 (Line) and L2 (Line) from the grid 108 may provide line voltages having different electrical phases. The different electrical phases may be generated by a local distribution transformer (e.g., a pole-mounted transformer located near the meter) or may be different electrical phases generated at a substation. Similarly, the lines L1 and L2 from the DER device 116 may provide line voltages having different electrical phases. The electrical phases of the line voltages on the lines L1 and L2 provided by the DER device 116 may be synchronized with the electrical phases of the line voltages on the lines L1 (Line) and L2 (Line) provided by the grid 108.
Embodiments of meter sockets and meters in accordance with the present disclosure may include more or fewer connection points or receptacles corresponding to different phases of line voltages. For example, when only one line voltage phase is connected (e.g., phase A) fewer connection points and receptacles may be included in the meter socket since connection points for additional phases (e.g., phase B and phase C) are not needed. Similarly, when three line voltage phases are connected (e.g., phases A, B, and C) additional connection points and receptacles may be included in the meter socket.
In an example, a disconnect switch 122 is included in the DER meter 102. In such an example, the disconnect switch 122 may remain open when the voltage transducers 112a and 112b do not detect a voltage from the grid 108. Further, the disconnect switch may be used as a mechanism to synchronize voltage phases from the DER device 116 with the grid 108. For example, the voltage transducers 112c and 112d may measure the voltage supplied by the DER device 116 while the voltage transducers 112a and 112b measure the voltage supplied by the grid 108 while the disconnect switch 122 is open. Upon reaching synchronization between the DER device 116 and the grid 108 during a synchronization operation, the disconnect switch 122 may close. Further, the disconnect switch 122 may disconnect the DER meter 102 from the L1 (Line) and L2 (Line) connections to the grid 108. The ability to disconnect the DER meter 102 from the grid 108 may enable “islanding,” which involves disconnecting the DER meter 102 from the grid 108 and supplying power to the electrical service 110 only from the DER device 116.
The DER meter 102 may also include an integrated, controllable electrical disconnect switch 124 that disconnects or protects the DER device 116. In some example, a disconnect switch 125 between the DER device 116 and the socket 104 may also be included to disconnect or protect the DER device 116. Additionally, a circuit breaker 126 may be positioned between the DER device 116 and the socket 104 or within the DER meter 102. In an example, a single device may perform both functions of a circuit breaker and a separate electrical disconnect device to disconnect the lines L1 and L2 of the DER device 116 from the DER meter 102. In an example, the circuit breaker 126 may disconnect the DER device 116 from the DER meter 102 upon occurrence of an electrical fault. The circuit breaker 126 may be integrated into the DER meter 102. Additionally, the circuit breaker 126 may be controlled locally or remotely.
The controllable electrical disconnect switch 124 may be controlled by a processor (not shown) and a communications module (not shown) of the DER meter 102. The controllable electrical disconnect switch 124 may operate automatically to disconnect the DER device 116 from the grid 108, for example, when a high load is detected at voltage transducers 112e and 112f or when the electrical service or load 110 is disconnected from the meter. In some examples, the controllable electrical disconnect switch 124 may operate automatically to disconnect the DER device 116 from the grid 108 based on a command received from the DER meter 102 or another device.
The controllable electrical disconnect switch 124 may connect or disconnect the DER device 116 with the DER meter 102. In connecting the DER device 116 to the DER meter 102, the DER meter 102 may measure power production or consumption of the DER device 116 as a separate value to the energy consumed from or sent back to the electric distribution system (i.e., the grid 108) thereby providing billable data. The billable data (i.e., consumption from the grid 108 or production fed back to the grid 108) may be metered within the electricity meter using “net metering” or similar methods. Further, the controllable electrical disconnect switch 124 may connect or disconnect the DER device 116 from the grid 108 based on power production or consumption requirements of the grid 108 and the DER device 116. Moreover, the disconnect switch 124 may be used to electrically disconnect the DER device 116 from the DER meter 102 to enable a technician to repair the DER meter 102, install the DER meter 102, or to replace the DER meter 102.
In an example, the DER disconnect switch (i.e., the controllable electrical disconnect switch 124) and the line disconnect switch (i.e., the disconnect switch 122) may be implemented with a 4-position switch. The 4-position switch may enable the following: 1. connection of the grid 108, the DER device 116, and the electrical service (load) 110; 2. connection of the grid 108 and the electrical service 110, with the DER device 116 disconnected; 3. connection of the electrical service 110 and the DER device 116, with the grid 108 disconnected; and 4. disconnection of the grid 108, the DER device 116, and the electrical service 110. Advantages of using a 4-position switch instead of two 2-position switches include reducing the cost and size of the components needed to provide the switching functions.
The DER meter 102 may measure and control the electricity delivered to the electrical service 110 via the grid 108, the DER device 116, or both. The DER meter 102 may include a communications module (not shown) and a processor (not shown). The processor may be a microprocessor; however, embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure are not limited to such an implementation. For example, the processor may be a microprocessor, microcomputer, computer, microcontroller, programmable controller, or other programmable device. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other variations may be implemented without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
The communications module may communicate via RF, cellular, PLC, or any other suitable communications technology. The communications module may receive communications via a network that include instructions for controlling the controllable electrical disconnect switch 124. The communications module may transmit information related to the operation of the meter and the measurements performed by the measurement devices in the meter to other devices on the network or to a central system. The communications module may also provide communication between the DER meter 102 and the DER device 116.
In accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, where the DER device 116 includes some form of electricity generator (e.g., solar or wind electricity generation) or a storage device, the DER meter 102 may use information about the electric distribution system. The information may include real-time electricity pricing or other information to make decisions and to control the DER device 116. For example, the DER meter 102 may use information to determine whether the DER device 116 should send energy to the grid 108 (e.g., from solar or battery storage, where battery storage could include batteries within an electric vehicle or similar), whether the DER device 116 should consume energy from the grid 108 (e.g., to charge storage or allow large loads such as water heaters, pool pumps, etc. to run), whether the DER device 116 should disconnect from the grid 108 (e.g., not consume energy from the grid 108 or send energy to the grid 108), or any combination thereof. Appropriate control actions may be initiated by the DER meter 102 based on the determination. One or ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the above examples of decisions and control are not exhaustive and that other decisions and control operations may be performed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
To install the DER device 116 at a premises with existing service, an electrician connects the DER device 116 to the DER connector 502, and the utility replaces a traditional meter with the DER meter 102. The DER meter 102 is also referred to herein as a multi-port meter. The DER connector 502 and the meter socket 200 allow these steps to occur independently. The electrician and the utility do not need to coordinate in such an instance. The electrician may connect the DER device 116 to the DER connector before or after the utility replaces the traditional meter.
In an example, a plastic cover 722 may fit over the busbars 704-720 and a line disconnect switch assembly 724. The line disconnect switch assembly 724 may be motor driven. That is, a motor may mechanically drive the line disconnect switch assembly 724 to an open position or a closed position. Control of the line disconnect switch assembly 724 may be provided by a controller 726 on a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly 728. In an example, the line disconnect switch assembly 724 may be the disconnect switch 122 described above with respect to
An L1 (Line) current transducer 730 may be positioned around the L1 (Line) busbar 706, and an L2 (Line) current transducer 732 may be positioned around the L2 (Line) busbar 708. The L1 (Line) current transducer 730 may be used to measure the current on the L1 (Line), and the L2 (Line) current transducer 732 may be used to measure the current on the L2 (Line). In an example, the L1 (Line) current transducer 730 and the L2 (Line) current transducer 732 may be the current transducers 114a and 114b, respectively, as depicted in
Similar to the L1 (Line) current transducer 730 and the L2 (Line) current transducer 732, an L1 (Load) current transducer 734 may be positioned around the L1 (Load) busbar 710, and an L2 (Load) current transducer 736 may be positioned around the L2 (Load) busbar 712. The L1 (Load) current transducer 734 may be used to measure the current on the L1 (Load), and the L2 (Load) current transducer 736 may be used to measure the current on the L2 (Load). The L1 (Load) current transducer 734 and the L2 (Load) current transducer 736 may be the current transducers 114c and 114d, respectively, as depicted in
An L1 (DER) current transducer 738 may be positioned around the L1 (DER) busbar 714, and an L2 (DER) current transducer 740 may be positioned around the L2 (DER) busbar 716. The L1 (DER) current transducer 738 may be used to measure the current on the L1 (DER), and the L2 (DER) current transducer 740 may be used to measure the current on the L2 (DER). In an example, the L1 (DER) current transducer 738 and the L2 (DER) current transducer 740 may be the current transducers 114e and 114f, respectively, as depicted in
Disconnect switches 742 and 744 may also be positioned along a path of the L1 (DER) busbar 714 and the L2 (DER) busbar 716, respectively. The disconnect switches 742 and 744 may be controllable electrical disconnect switches, such as the controllable electrical disconnect switch 124 of
An additional L1 interconnect busbar 746 may electrically interconnect the L1 components at another location, and an additional L2 interconnect busbar 748 may electrically interconnect the L2 components at another location. An isolation cover 750 may be installed between the PCB 728 and the L1 and L2 interconnect busbars 746 and 748. The isolation cover 750 isolates the electrical components of the DER meter 102 from the PCB assembly 728. Additionally, an inner cover 752 may be positioned surrounding the inner-components of the DER meter 102, and an outer cover 754 may be positioned around the inner cover 752. In an example, the inner cover 752 may be an opaque plastic, while the outer cover 754 is a transparent plastic.
The DER meter 102 may support billable grade metrology on the line, load, and DER ports and provide a bi-directional metering point on each of the three ports. As used herein, the term billable grade metrology may refer to a metrology system that is capable of performing metering operations to provide measurements of the amount of energy provided by the DER device 116 to the premises or the grid 108, as well as the time when the energy is provided.
The L1 (Line) current transducer 730, the L1 (Load) current transducer 734, and the L1 (DER) current transducer 738 are each located on the first side 902 of the DER meter 102. As illustrated, the first side 902 of the DER meter 102 is associated with the L1 conductors. Further, the L2 (Line) current transducer 732, the L2 (Load) current transducer 736, and the L2 (DER) current transducer 740 are each located on the second side 904 of the DER meter 102. As illustrated, the second side 904 of the DER meter 102 is associated with the L2 conductors.
In an example, the PCB assembly 728 may include the controller 726 that is able to control operation of the line disconnect switch assembly 724, the DER disconnect switch 742, the DER disconnect switch 744, or any combination thereof. The PCB assembly 728 may also include a communications module (not shown) that provides communication between the DER meter 102 and the DER device 116. In some examples, the communications module may also provide communication with a mesh network of other metering devices, with other IoT devices, or any combination thereof.
In an example, a distance 1304 from the base plate 702 to an outward facing surface 1306 of the DER meter 102 may be approximately 1-inch longer than a corresponding metering device without DER metering capabilities. For example, the dimension of an ANSI form 16S meter may extend five inches from a base plate of the meter, while the DER meter 102 extends approximately six inches from the base plate 702. Further, because the DER meter 102 does not require a collar (e.g., a spacing device that supports metrology of the DER device 116) installed between the DER meter 102 and the socket 200, the distance 1304 that the DER meter 102 extends from the socket 200 may be much shorter than a distance that a combination of a collar and a standard metering device would extend from the socket 200. For example, the collar and metering device may extend three or more inches further outward in a direction 1308 from the socket 200 than the DER meter 102.
In an example, the outer cover 754, or housing, may be generally cylindrical in shape or shaped like a conical frustum (e.g., with sides sloping toward a common point away from the base plate 702). The left side 1102 of the DER meter 102 may be positioned within a first semicylinder 1310 of the outer cover 754. Similarly, the right side 1104 of the DER meter 102 may be positioned within a second semicylinder 1312 of the outer cover 754 that is different from the first semicylinder 1310.
While the present subject matter has been described in detail with respect to specific aspects thereof, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of the foregoing, may readily produce alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to such aspects. Accordingly, it should be understood that the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of example rather than limitation and does not preclude inclusion of such modifications, variations, and/or additions to the present subject matter as would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/038,930, filed Sep. 30, 2020, and titled “METER FOR USE WITH A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCE DEVICE,” which claims benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/914,205, filed Oct. 11, 2019, and titled “METER AND SOCKET FOR USE WITH A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCE DEVICE,” the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by this reference.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20220113339 A1 | Apr 2022 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62914205 | Oct 2019 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 17038930 | Sep 2020 | US |
Child | 17558466 | US |