Method and apparatus for a fluid sampling device

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Technical Field

The technical field relates to analyte detecting devices, and more specifically, device for obtaining a fluid sample.

Background Art

Lancing devices are known in the medical health-care products industry for piercing the skin to produce blood for analysis. Typically, a drop of blood for this type of analysis is obtained by making a small incision in the fingertip, creating a small wound, which generates a small blood droplet on the surface of the skin.

Early methods of lancing included piercing or slicing the skin with a needle or razor. Current methods utilize lancing devices that contain a multitude of spring, cam and mass actuators to drive the lancet. These include cantilever springs, diaphragms, coil springs, as well as gravity plumbs used to drive the lancet. The device may be held against the skin and mechanically triggered to ballistically launch the lancet. Unfortunately, the pain associated with each lancing event using known technology discourages patients from testing. In addition to vibratory stimulation of the skin as the driver impacts the end of a launcher stop, known spring based devices have the possibility of firing lancets that harmonically oscillate against the patient tissue, causing multiple strikes due to recoil. This recoil and multiple strikes of the lancet is one major impediment to patient compliance with a structured glucose monitoring regime.

Success rate generally encompasses the probability of producing a blood sample with one lancing action, which is sufficient in volume to perform the desired analytical test. The blood may appear spontaneously at the surface of the skin, or may be “milked” from the wound. Milking generally involves pressing the side of the digit, or in proximity of the wound to express the blood to the surface. In traditional methods, the blood droplet produced by the lancing action must reach the surface of the skin to be viable for testing.

When using existing methods, blood often flows from the cut blood vessels but is then trapped below the surface of the skin, forming a hematoma. In other instances, a wound is created, but no blood flows from the wound. In either case, the lancing process cannot be combined with the sample acquisition and testing step. Spontaneous blood droplet generation with current mechanical launching system varies between launcher types but on average it is about 50% of lancet strikes, which would be spontaneous. Otherwise milking is required to yield blood. Mechanical launchers are unlikely to provide the means for integrated sample acquisition and testing if one out of every two strikes does not yield a spontaneous blood sample.

Many diabetic patients (insulin dependent) are required to self-test for blood glucose levels five to six times daily. The large number of steps required in traditional methods of glucose testing ranging from lancing, to milking of blood, applying blood to the test strip, and getting the measurements from the test strip discourages many diabetic patients from testing their blood glucose levels as often as recommended. Tight control of plasma glucose through frequent testing is therefore mandatory for disease management. The pain associated with each lancing event further discourages patients from testing. Additionally, the wound channel left on the patient by known systems may also be of a size that discourages those who are active with their hands or who are worried about healing of those wound channels from testing their glucose levels.

Another problem frequently encountered by patients who must use lancing equipment to obtain and analyze blood samples is the amount of manual dexterity and hand-eye coordination required to properly operate the lancing and sample testing equipment due to retinopathies and neuropathies particularly, severe in elderly diabetic patients. For those patients, operating existing lancet and sample testing equipment can be a challenge. Once a blood droplet is created, that droplet must then be guided into a receiving channel of a small test strip or the like. If the sample placement on the strip is unsuccessful, repetition of the entire procedure including re-lancing the skin to obtain a new blood droplet is necessary.

Early methods of using test strips required a relatively substantial volume of blood to obtain an accurate glucose measurement. This large blood requirement made the monitoring experience a painful one for the user since the user may need to lance deeper than comfortable to obtain sufficient blood generation. Alternatively, if insufficient blood is spontaneously generated, the user may need to “milk” the wound to squeeze enough blood to the skin surface. Neither method is desirable as they take additional user effort and may be painful. The discomfort and inconvenience associated with such lancing events may deter a user from testing their blood glucose levels in a rigorous manner sufficient to control their diabetes.

A further impediment to patient compliance is the amount of time that at lower volumes, it becomes even more important that blood or other fluid sample be directed to a measurement device without being wasted or spilled along the way. Known devices do not effectively handle the low sample volumes in an efficient manner. Accordingly, improved sensing devices are desired to increase user compliance and reduce the hurdles associated with analyte measurement.

A further concern is the use of blood glucose monitoring devices in a professional setting. For the professional health care market, single device multiple user is the norm. A sterility barrier between patients is required or a single use professional lancing device is used and then discarded after use. To interface an integrated point of care lancing, sampling and analyte detection device with a multiple user paradigm, each lancet analyte detecting member pair may be isolated from the previous and subsequent user.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides solutions for at least some of the drawbacks discussed above. Specifically, some embodiments of the present invention provide an improved apparatus for improving the release of penetrating members from their cartridges. The present invention also provided improved techniques for indexing and rotating the cartridge. At least some of these and other objectives described herein will be met by embodiments of the present invention.

The present invention provides solutions for at least some of the drawbacks discussed above. Specifically, some embodiments of the present invention provide an improved apparatus for maintain sterility of a device being used on multiple users. The device described below functions to open the analyte detecting member channel and guide the sample into the analyte detecting member. It is then removed and discarded. Subsequent patient are protected as a new device is inserted to open the sensor at the time of lancing. The present invention may also provide improved techniques for manufacturing such analyte detecting devices. At least some of these and other objectives described herein will be met by embodiments of the present invention.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the method comprises obtaining a fluid sample by: removing the protective covering from the packaging exposing a single item of sterile barrier film by pulling on the tab provided; pressing the sterile barrier film to the front and underside of the case; preparing a penetrating member by operating the slider on the side of the device and depressing the fire button once; pressing the center circular cutout in the foam front of the barrier film against the patients skin in the area to be lanced; lancing the patient; and checking that the outer case of device has not been contaminated by blood and if necessary clean it with disinfectant.

Methods and apparatus are provided for manufacturing an analyte detecting device. In one embodiment, the method comprises obtaining a fluid sample by: removing the protective covering from the packaging exposing a single item of sterile barrier film by pulling on the tab provided; pressing the sterile barrier film to the front and underside of the case; preparing a penetrating member by operating the slider on the side of the device and depressing the fire button once; pressing the center circular cutout in the foam front of the barrier film against the patients skin in the area to be lanced; lancing the patient; and checking that the outer case of device has not been contaminated by blood and if necessary clean it with disinfectant.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a fluid sampling device is provided comprising a housing; a slider located on a surface of the housing, wherein the slider movable in a linear direction to rotate the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for use.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a fluid sampling device comprising a housing; a cartridge defining a plurality of cavities, the cartridge sized to fit within the housing; and a plurality of penetrating members at least partially contained in the cavities of the cartridge wherein the penetrating members are slidably movable to extend outward from the cartridge to penetrate tissue, the cavities each having a longitudinal opening providing access to an elongate portion of the penetrating member. The device may include a sterility barrier coupled to the cartridge, the sterility barrier covering a plurality of the longitudinal openings, wherein the sterility barrier covering the lateral openings is configured to be moved so that the elongate portion may be accessed by the gripper without touching the barrier; and a slider located on a surface of the housing, the slider movable in a linear direction to rotate the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for use. A tooth gear may be coupled to the slider to control a distance the slider can travel. A follower may be coupled to the slider. A cam surface may be engaged by the follower to lift the cartridge a desired distance above a first position to allow for rotation of the cartridge without engaging a gripper used to advance the penetrating member.

The cam surface may be aligned parallel to the slider. The linear motion of the cam rotates the cartridge and moves a plunger to break the sterility barrier on the cartridge. The cam surface comprise a linear strip of material with at least two raised portions and two depressed portions. The

In one embodiment of the present invention, a device is provided for use in penetrating tissue to obtain a body fluid sample. The device comprises a cartridge; and a plurality of penetrating members slidably coupled to the cartridge, each of the penetrating members having a distal end sufficiently sharp to pierce tissue and each of the penetrating members being moveable relative to the other ones of the penetrating members, so that the distal end of the respective penetrating member is movable to penetrate tissue. Each of the penetrating members may be a bare lancet does not penetrate an outer sterility barrier during actuation.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a device may be provided comprising a cartridge having a plurality of cavities; and a plurality of penetrating members at least partially contained in the cavities of the single cartridge wherein the penetrating members are slidably movable to extend outward from lateral openings on the cartridge to penetrate tissue. A sterility barrier may be coupled to the cartridge, the sterility barrier covering a plurality of the lateral openings, wherein the sterility barrier covering the lateral openings is configured to be moved so that a penetrating member exits the lateral opening without contacting the barrier. The sterility barrier may cover the lateral openings and may be configured to be moved substantially vertically so that a penetrating member exits the lateral opening without contacting the barrier.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a device may be provided comprising a housing; a penetrating member driver; a cartridge containing a plurality of penetrating members; a display on the cartridge; and a linear slider on the housing, the slider coupled to a rod, wherein the rod moves with the slider, the rod having at least one roller. The device may use the linear motion of the slider to rotate the cartridge, punch open a new cavity and load a new penetrating member.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided for indexing. The method comprises moving a linear slider; the linear slider coupled to a rod; the rod moving with the slider, the rod having at least one roller; using the linear motion of the slider and linear motion of the rod to push at least one linear slider and to roll a roller along a linear cam surfaces to lift clear a drive assembly, rotate the cartridge, punch open a new cavity and load a new penetrating member.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a fluid sampling device is provided comprising a housing; a cartridge defining a plurality of cavities, the cartridge sized to fit within the housing; and a plurality of penetrating members at least partially contained in the cavities of the cartridge wherein the penetrating members are slidably movable to extend outward from the cartridge to penetrate tissue, the cavities each having a longitudinal opening providing access to an elongate portion of the penetrating member. A sterility barrier may be coupled to the cartridge, the sterility barrier covering a plurality of the longitudinal openings, wherein the sterility barrier covering the lateral openings is configured to be moved so that the elongate portion may be accessed by the gripper without touching the barrier; and a replaceable tissue interface barrier located on the housing, wherein the interface is replaced after each lancing event to prevent fluid contamination between different users.

Replaceable tissue interface may be positioned about an opening on the housing where the penetrating members extend outward to engage tissue on a user to obtain a fluid sample. Each of the cavities further include a lateral opening. Replaceable tissue interface may comprise a plurality of individually removable sheets of material, wherein one sheet is removed prior to each lancing event to uncover a sterile unused sheet to provide an uncontaminated surface for the next user to use.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a device is provided for use in penetrating tissue to obtain a body fluid sample. The device comprises a cartridge; and a plurality of penetrating members slidably coupled to the cartridge, each of the penetrating members having a distal end sufficiently sharp to pierce tissue and each of the penetrating members being moveable relative to the other ones of the penetrating members, so that the distal end of the respective penetrating member is movable to penetrate tissue; wherein each of the penetrating member is a bare lancet does not penetrate an outer, removable sterility barrier during actuation.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a device comprises a cartridge having a plurality of cavities; and a plurality of penetrating members at least partially contained in the cavities of the single cartridge wherein the penetrating members are slidably movable to extend outward from lateral openings on the cartridge to penetrate tissue; a sterility barrier coupled to the cartridge, the sterility barrier covering a plurality of the lateral openings, wherein the sterility barrier covering the lateral openings is configured to be moved so that a penetrating member exits the lateral opening without contacting the barrier. A fluid contamination barrier may be located on a housing the device, the barrier being removed and replaced by a clean barrier prior to each lancing event.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided for obtaining a fluid sample. The method comprises removing the protective covering from the packaging exposing a single item of sterile barrier film by pulling on the tab provided; pressing the sterile barrier film to the front and underside of the case; preparing a penetrating member by operating the slider on the side of the device and depressing the fire button once; pressing the center circular cutout in the foam front of the barrier film against the patients skin in the area to be lanced; lancing the patient; removing the barrier film from the front of the device; and checking that outer case of device has not been contaminated by blood and if necessary clean it with disinfectant.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided for obtaining a fluid sample. The method comprises preparing the skin of the patient in the area to be lanced with a sterile wipe; removing the protective covering from the packaging exposing a single item of sterile barrier film by pulling on the tab provided; removing the sterile barrier film from the carrier by pulling on the applicator tab provided; applying the adhesive side to the front area of the device ensuring that both the outer circular holes in the barrier film fit around the matching circular bosses on the front of the device; pressing the sterile barrier film to the front and underside of the case taking care not to touch the firing area of the barrier film; preparing a penetrating member by operating the slider on the side of the device and depressing the fire button once; pressing the center circular cutout in the foam front of the barrier film against the patients skin in the area to be lanced; lancing the patient by depressing the fire button a second time; removing the device from the patients skin and take the blood sample from their skin; removing the barrier film from the front of the device using the tab provided and dispose of it properly; and checking that outer case of device has not been contaminated by blood and if necessary clean it with disinfectant.

A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention will become apparent by reference to the remaining portions of the specification and drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a controllable force driver in the form of a cylindrical electric penetrating member driver using a coiled solenoid-type configuration.

FIG. 2A illustrates a displacement over time profile of a penetrating member driven by a harmonic spring/mass system.

FIG. 2B illustrates the velocity over time profile of a penetrating member driver by a harmonic spring/mass system.

FIG. 2C illustrates a displacement over time profile of an embodiment of a controllable force driver.

FIG. 2D illustrates a velocity over time profile of an embodiment of a controllable force driver.

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a controlled feed-back loop.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a tissue penetration device having features of the invention.

FIG. 5 is an elevation view in partial longitudinal section of the tissue penetration device of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 shows an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 shows a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a punch according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of a punch according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 shows one embodiment of a gripper with a shield.

FIGS. 10-12 show other embodiments of a gripper.

FIGS. 13-14 show embodiments of a gripper and a drive assembly.

FIGS. 15-16 show a cross-section and side view of one embodiment of the gripper and the drive assembly.

FIG. 17 shows a schematic of one embodiment of a slider used to rotate a disc.

FIGS. 18 through 21 are cut-away views of various elements of a device according to the present invention.

FIGS. 22-23 show embodiments of an analyte testing device for use with a test strip.

FIGS. 24-28 show various embodiments of a tissue interface.

FIG. 29 shows one embodiment analyte testing strip dispenser.

FIG. 30 through 35 shows various views of embodiments of a barrier according to the present invention.

FIGS. 36 through 40 show various close-up views of areas of the barrier.

FIG. 41 shows one embodiment of packaging for use with a barrier according to the present invention.

FIG. 42 shows a view of one portion of a cartridge for use with the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

The present invention provides a solution for body fluid sampling. Specifically, some embodiments of the present invention provides a method for improving release of penetrating members for a cartridge. The invention may use a high density penetrating member design. It may use penetrating members of smaller size, such as but not limited to diameter or length, than those of conventional penetrating members known in the art. The device may be used for multiple lancing events without having to remove a disposable from the device. The invention may provide improved sensing capabilities. At least some of these and other objectives described herein will be met by embodiments of the present invention.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. It may be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a material” may include mixtures of materials, reference to “a chamber” may include multiple chambers, and the like. References cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety, except to the extent that they conflict with teachings explicitly set forth in this specification.

In this specification and in the claims which follow, reference will be made to a number of terms which shall be defined to have the following meanings:

“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described circumstance may or may not occur, so that the description includes instances where the circumstance occurs and instances where it does not. For example, if a device optionally contains a feature for analyzing a blood sample, this means that the analysis feature may or may not be present, and, thus, the description includes structures wherein a device possesses the analysis feature and structures wherein the analysis feature is not present.

The present invention may be used with a variety of different penetrating member drivers. It is contemplated that these penetrating member drivers may be spring based, solenoid based, magnetic driver based, nanomuscle based, or based on any other mechanism useful in moving a penetrating member along a path into tissue. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited by the type of driver used with the penetrating member feed mechanism. One suitable penetrating member driver for use with the present invention is shown in FIG. 1. This is an embodiment of a solenoid type electromagnetic driver that is capable of driving an iron core or slug mounted to the penetrating member assembly using a direct current (DC) power supply. The electromagnetic driver includes a driver coil pack that is divided into three separate coils along the path of the penetrating member, two end coils and a middle coil. Direct current is alternated to the coils to advance and retract the penetrating member. Although the driver coil pack is shown with three coils, any suitable number of coils may be used, for example, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more coils may be used.

Referring to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the stationary iron housing 10 may contain the driver coil pack with a first coil 12 flanked by iron spacers 14 which concentrate the magnetic flux at the inner diameter creating magnetic poles. The inner insulating housing 16 isolates the penetrating member 18 and iron core 20 from the coils and provides a smooth, low friction guide surface. The penetrating member guide 22 further centers the penetrating member 18 and iron core 20. The penetrating member 18 is protracted and retracted by alternating the current between the first coil 12, the middle coil, and the third coil to attract the iron core 20. Reversing the coil sequence and attracting the core and penetrating member back into the housing retracts the penetrating member. The penetrating member guide 22 also serves as a stop for the iron core 20 mounted to the penetrating member 18.

As discussed above, tissue penetration devices which employ spring or cam driving methods have a symmetrical or nearly symmetrical actuation displacement and velocity profiles on the advancement and retraction of the penetrating member as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. In most of the available lancet devices, once the launch is initiated, the stored energy determines the velocity profile until the energy is dissipated. Controlling impact, retraction velocity, and dwell time of the penetrating member within the tissue can be useful in order to achieve a high success rate while accommodating variations in skin properties and minimize pain. Advantages can be achieved by taking into account of the fact that tissue dwell time is related to the amount of skin deformation as the penetrating member tries to puncture the surface of the skin and variance in skin deformation from patient to patient based on skin hydration.

In this embodiment, the ability to control velocity and depth of penetration may be achieved by use of a controllable force driver where feedback is an integral part of driver control. Such drivers can control either metal or, polymeric penetrating members or any other type of tissue penetration element. The dynamic control of such a driver is illustrated in FIG. 2C which illustrates an embodiment of a controlled displacement profile and FIG. 2D which illustrates an embodiment of a the controlled velocity profile. These are compared to FIGS. 2A and 2B, which illustrate embodiments of displacement and velocity profiles, respectively, of a harmonic spring/mass powered driver. Reduced pain can be achieved by using impact velocities of greater than about 2 m/s entry of a tissue penetrating element, such as a lancet, into tissue. Other suitable embodiments of the penetrating member driver are described in commonly assigned, copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/127,395, filed Apr. 19, 2002 and previously incorporated herein.

FIG. 3 illustrates the operation of a feedback loop using a processor 60. The processor 60 stores profiles 62 in non-volatile memory. A user inputs information 64 about the desired circumstances or parameters for a lancing event. The processor 60 selects a driver profile 62 from a set of alternative driver profiles that have been preprogrammed in the processor 60 based on typical or desired tissue penetration device performance determined through testing at the factory or as programmed in by the operator. The processor 60 may customize by either scaling or modifying the profile based on additional user input information 64. Once the processor has chosen and customized the profile, the processor 60 is ready to modulate the power from the power supply 66 to the penetrating member driver 68 through an amplifier 70. The processor 60 may measure the location of the penetrating member 72 using a position sensing mechanism 74 through an analog to digital converter 76 linear encoder or other such transducer. Examples of position sensing mechanisms have been described in the embodiments above and may be found in the specification for commonly assigned, copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/127,395, filed Apr. 19, 2002 and previously incorporated herein. The processor 60 calculates the movement of the penetrating member by comparing the actual profile of the penetrating member to the predetermined profile. The processor 60 modulates the power to the penetrating member driver 68 through a signal generator 78, which may control the amplifier 70 so that the actual velocity profile of the penetrating member does not exceed the predetermined profile by more than a preset error limit. The error limit is the accuracy in the control of the penetrating member.

After the lancing event, the processor 60 can allow the user to rank the results of the lancing event. The processor 60 stores these results and constructs a database 80 for the individual user. Using the database 79, the processor 60 calculates the profile traits such as degree of painlessness, success rate, and blood volume for various profiles 62 depending on user input information 64 to optimize the profile to the individual user for subsequent lancing cycles. These profile traits depend on the characteristic phases of penetrating member advancement and retraction. The processor 60 uses these calculations to optimize profiles 62 for each user. In addition to user input information 64, an internal clock allows storage in the database 79 of information such as the time of day to generate a time stamp for the lancing event and the time between lancing events to anticipate the user's diurnal needs. The database stores information and statistics for each user and each profile that particular user uses.

In addition to varying the profiles, the processor 60 can be used to calculate the appropriate penetrating member diameter and geometry suitable to realize the blood volume required by the user. For example, if the user requires about 1-5 microliter volume of blood, the processor 60 may select a 200 micron diameter penetrating member to achieve these results. For each class of lancet, both diameter and lancet tip geometry, is stored in the processor 60 to correspond with upper and lower limits of attainable blood volume based on the predetermined displacement and velocity profiles.

The lancing device is capable of prompting the user for information at the beginning and the end of the lancing event to more adequately suit the user. The goal is to either change to a different profile or modify an existing profile. Once the profile is set, the force driving the penetrating member is varied during advancement and retraction to follow the profile. The method of lancing using the lancing device comprises selecting a profile, lancing according to the selected profile, determining lancing profile traits for each characteristic phase of the lancing cycle, and optimizing profile traits for subsequent lancing events.

FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of a tissue penetration device, more specifically, a lancing device 80 that includes a controllable driver 179 coupled to a tissue penetration element. The lancing device 80 has a proximal end 81 and a distal end 82. At the distal end 82 is the tissue penetration element in the form of a penetrating member 83, which is coupled to an elongate coupler shaft 84 by a drive coupler 85. The elongate coupler shaft 84 has a proximal end 86 and a distal end 87. A driver coil pack 88 is disposed about the elongate coupler shaft 84 proximal of the penetrating member 83. A position sensor 91 is disposed about a proximal portion 92 of the elongate coupler shaft 84 and an electrical conductor 94 electrically couples a processor 93 to the position sensor 91. The elongate coupler shaft 84 driven by the driver coil pack 88 controlled by the position sensor 91 and processor 93 form the controllable driver, specifically, a controllable electromagnetic driver.

Referring to FIG. 5, the lancing device 80 can be seen in more detail, in partial longitudinal section. The penetrating member 83 has a proximal end 95 and a distal end 96 with a sharpened point at the distal end 96 of the penetrating member 83 and a drive head 98 disposed at the proximal end 95 of the penetrating member 83. A penetrating member shaft 201 is disposed between the drive head 98 and the sharpened point 97. The penetrating member shaft 201 may be comprised of stainless steel, or any other suitable material or alloy and have a transverse dimension of about 0.1 to about 0.4 mm. The penetrating member shaft may have a length of about 3 mm to about 50 mm, specifically, about 15 mm to about 20 mm. The drive head 98 of the penetrating member 83 is an enlarged portion having a transverse dimension greater than a transverse dimension of the penetrating member shaft 201 distal of the drive head 98. This configuration allows the drive head 98 to be mechanically captured by the drive coupler 85. The drive head 98 may have a transverse dimension of about 0.5 to about 2 mm.

A magnetic member 102 is secured to the elongate coupler shaft 84 proximal of the drive coupler 85 on a distal portion 203 of the elongate coupler shaft 84. The magnetic member 102 is a substantially cylindrical piece of magnetic material having an axial lumen 204 extending the length of the magnetic member 102. The magnetic member 102 has an outer transverse dimension that allows the magnetic member 102 to slide easily within an axial lumen 105 of a low friction, possibly lubricious, polymer guide tube 105′ disposed within the driver coil pack 88. The magnetic member 102 may have an outer transverse dimension of about 1.0 to about 5.0 mm, specifically, about 2.3 to about 2.5 mm. The magnetic member 102 may have a length of about 3.0 to about 5.0 mm, specifically, about 4.7 to about 4.9 mm. The magnetic member 102 can be made from a variety of magnetic materials including ferrous metals such as ferrous steel, iron, ferrite, or the like. The magnetic member 102 may be secured to the distal portion 203 of the elongate coupler shaft 84 by a variety of methods including adhesive or epoxy bonding, welding, crimping or any other suitable method.

Proximal of the magnetic member 102, an optical encoder flag 206 is secured to the elongate coupler shaft 84. The optical encoder flag 206 is configured to move within a slot 107 in the position sensor 91. The slot 107 of the position sensor 91 is formed between a first body portion 108 and a second body portion 109 of the position sensor 91. The slot 107 may have separation width of about 1.5 to about 2.0 mm. The optical encoder flag 206 can have a length of about 14 to about 18 mm, a width of about 3 to about 5 mm and a thickness of about 0.04 to about 0.06 mm.

The optical encoder flag 206 interacts with various optical beams generated by LEDs disposed on or in the position sensor body portions 108 and 109 in a predetermined manner. The interaction of the optical beams generated by the LEDs of the position sensor 91 generates a signal that indicates the longitudinal position of the optical flag 206 relative to the position sensor 91 with a substantially high degree of resolution. The resolution of the position sensor 91 may be about 200 to about 400 cycles per inch, specifically, about 350 to about 370 cycles per inch. The position sensor 91 may have a speed response time (position/time resolution) of 0 to about 120,000 Hz, where one dark and light stripe of the flag constitutes one Hertz, or cycle per second. The position of the optical encoder flag 206 relative to the magnetic member 102, driver coil pack 88 and position sensor 91 is such that the optical encoder 91 can provide precise positional information about the penetrating member 83 over the entire length of the penetrating member's power stroke.

An optical encoder that is suitable for the position sensor 91 is a linear optical incremental encoder, model HEDS 9200, manufactured by Agilent Technologies. The model HEDS 9200 may have a length of about 20 to about 30 mm, a width of about 8 to about 12 mm, and a height of about 9 to about 11 mm. Although the position sensor 91 illustrated is a linear optical incremental encoder, other suitable position sensor embodiments could be used, provided they posses the requisite positional resolution and time response. The HEDS 9200 is a two channel device where the channels are 90 degrees out of phase with each other. This results in a resolution of four times the basic cycle of the flag. These quadrature outputs make it possible for the processor to determine the direction of penetrating member travel. Other suitable position sensors include capacitive encoders, analog reflective sensors, such as the reflective position sensor discussed above, and the like.

A coupler shaft guide 111 is disposed towards the proximal end 81 of the lancing device 80. The guide 111 has a guide lumen 112 disposed in the guide 111 to slidingly accept the proximal portion 92 of the elongate coupler shaft 84. The guide 111 keeps the elongate coupler shaft 84 centered horizontally and vertically in the slot 102 of the optical encoder 91.

Referring now to FIG. 6, a still further embodiment of a cartridge according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 shows one embodiment of a cartridge 300 which may be removably inserted into an apparatus for driving penetrating members to pierce skin or tissue. The cartridge 300 has a plurality of penetrating members 302 that may be individually or otherwise selectively actuated so that the penetrating members 302 may extend outward from the cartridge, as indicated by arrow 304, to penetrate tissue. In the present embodiment, the cartridge 300 may be based on a flat disc with a number of penetrating members such as, but in no way limited to, (25, 50, 75, 100, . . . ) arranged radially on the disc or cartridge 800. It should be understood that although the cartridge 300 is shown as a disc or a disc-shaped housing, other shapes or configurations of the cartridge may also work without departing from the spirit of the present invention of placing a plurality of penetrating members to be engaged, singly or in some combination, by a penetrating member driver.

Each penetrating member 302 may be contained in a cavity 306 in the cartridge 300 with the penetrating member's sharpened end facing radially outward and may be in the same plane as that of the cartridge. The cavity 306 may be molded, pressed, forged, or otherwise formed in the cartridge. Although not limited in this manner, the ends of the cavities 306 may be divided into individual fingers (such as one for each cavity) on the outer periphery of the disc. The particular shape of each cavity 306 may be designed to suit the size or shape of the penetrating member therein or the amount of space desired for placement of the analyte detecting members 808. For example and not limitation, the cavity 306 may have a V-shaped cross-section, a U-shaped cross-section, C-shaped cross-section, a multi-level cross section or the other cross-sections. The opening 810 through which a penetrating member 302 may exit to penetrate tissue may also have a variety of shapes, such as but not limited to, a circular opening, a square or rectangular opening, a U-shaped opening, a narrow opening that only allows the penetrating member to pass, an opening with more clearance on the sides, a slit, a configuration as shown in FIG. 75, or the other shapes.

In this embodiment, after actuation, the penetrating member 302 is returned into the cartridge and may be held within the cartridge 300 in a manner so that it is not able to be used again. By way of example and not limitation, a used penetrating member may be returned into the cartridge and held by the launcher in position until the next lancing event. At the time of the next lancing, the launcher may disengage the used penetrating member with the cartridge 300 turned or indexed to the next clean penetrating member such that the cavity holding the used penetrating member is position so that it is not accessible to the user (i.e. turn away from a penetrating member exit opening). In some embodiments, the tip of a used penetrating member may be driven into a protective stop that hold the penetrating member in place after use. The cartridge 300 is replaceable with a new cartridge 300 once all the penetrating members have been used or at such other time or condition as deemed desirable by the user.

Referring still to the embodiment in FIG. 6, the cartridge 300 may provide sterile environments for penetrating members via seals, foils, covers, polymeric, or similar materials used to seal the cavities and provide enclosed areas for the penetrating members to rest in. In the present embodiment, a foil or seal layer 320 is applied to one surface of the cartridge 300. The seal layer 320 may be made of a variety of materials such as a metallic foil or other seal materials and may be of a tensile strength and other quality that may provide a sealed, sterile environment until the seal layer 320 is penetrate by a suitable or penetrating device providing a preselected or selected amount of force to open the sealed, sterile environment. Each cavity 306 may be individually sealed with a layer 320 in a manner such that the opening of one cavity does not interfere with the sterility in an adjacent or other cavity in the cartridge 800. As seen in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the seal layer 320 may be a planar material that is adhered to a top surface of the cartridge 800.

Depending on the orientation of the cartridge 300 in the penetrating member driver apparatus, the seal layer 320 may be on the top surface, side surface, bottom surface, or other positioned surface. For ease of illustration and discussion of the embodiment of FIG. 6, the layer 320 is placed on a top surface of the cartridge 800. The cavities 306 holding the penetrating members 302 are sealed on by the foil layer 320 and thus create the sterile environments for the penetrating members. The foil layer 320 may seal a plurality of cavities 306 or only a select number of cavities as desired.

In a still further feature of FIG. 6, the cartridge 300 may optionally include a plurality of analyte detecting members 308 on a substrate 822 which may be attached to a bottom surface of the cartridge 300. The substrate may be made of a material such as, but not limited to, a polymer, a foil, or other material suitable for attaching to a cartridge and holding the analyte detecting members 308. As seen in FIG. 6, the substrate 322 may hold a plurality of analyte detecting members, such as but not limited to, about 10-50, 50-100, or other combinations of analyte detecting members. This facilitates the assembly and integration of analyte detecting members 308 with cartridge 300. These analyte detecting members 308 may enable an integrated body fluid sampling system where the penetrating members 302 create a wound tract in a target tissue, which expresses body fluid that flows into the cartridge for analyte detection by at least one of the analyte detecting members 308. The substrate 322 may contain any number of analyte detecting members 308 suitable for detecting analytes in cartridge having a plurality of cavities 306. In one embodiment, many analyte detecting members 308 may be printed onto a single substrate 322 which is then adhered to the cartridge to facilitate manufacturing and simplify assembly. The analyte detecting members 308 may be electrochemical in nature. The analyte detecting members 308 may further contain enzymes, dyes, or other detectors which react when exposed to the desired analyte. Additionally, the analyte detecting members 308 may comprise of clear optical windows that allow light to pass into the body fluid for analyte analysis. The number, location, and type of analyte detecting member 308 may be varied as desired, based in part on the design of the cartridge, number of analytes to be measured, the need for analyte detecting member calibration, and the sensitivity of the analyte detecting members. If the cartridge 300 uses an analyte detecting member arrangement where the analyte detecting members are on a substrate attached to the bottom of the cartridge, there may be through holes (as shown in FIG. 76), wicking elements, capillary tube or other devices on the cartridge 300 to allow body fluid to flow from the cartridge to the analyte detecting members 308 for analysis. In other configurations, the analyte detecting members 308 may be printed, formed, or otherwise located directly in the cavities housing the penetrating members 302 or areas on the cartridge surface that receive blood after lancing.

The use of the seal layer 320 and substrate or analyte detecting member layer 822 may facilitate the manufacture of these cartridges 10. For example, a single seal layer 320 may be adhered, attached, or otherwise coupled to the cartridge 300 as indicated by arrows 324 to seal many of the cavities 306 at one time. A sheet 322 of analyte detecting members may also be adhered, attached, or otherwise coupled to the cartridge 300 as indicated by arrows 325 to provide many analyte detecting members on the cartridge at one time. During manufacturing of one embodiment of the present invention, the cartridge 300 may be loaded with penetrating members 302, sealed with layer 320 and a temporary layer (not shown) on the bottom where substrate 322 would later go, to provide a sealed environment for the penetrating members. This assembly with the temporary bottom layer is then taken to be sterilized. After sterilization, the assembly is taken to a clean room (or it may already be in a clear room or equivalent environment) where the temporary bottom layer is removed and the substrate 322 with analyte detecting members is coupled to the cartridge as shown in FIG. 6. This process allows for the sterile assembly of the cartridge with the penetrating members 302 using processes and/or temperatures that may degrade the accuracy or functionality of the analyte detecting members on substrate 322. As a nonlimiting example, the entire cartridge 300 may then be placed in a further sealed container such as a pouch, bag, plastic molded container, etc. . . . to facilitate contact, improve ruggedness, and/or allow for easier handling.

In some embodiments, more than one seal layer 320 may be used to seal the cavities 306. As examples of some embodiments, multiple layers may be placed over each cavity 306, half or some selected portion of the cavities may be sealed with one layer with the other half or selected portion of the cavities sealed with another sheet or layer, different shaped cavities may use different seal layer, or the like. The seal layer 320 may have different physical properties, such as those covering the penetrating members 302 near the end of the cartridge may have a different color such as red to indicate to the user (if visually inspectable) that the user is down to say 10, 5, or other number of penetrating members before the cartridge should be changed out.

Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 8, various embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail. Improvements have been made to the punch device 400. The present invention addresses issues with the punch moving the cut foil to the sides of the chamber, so that the foil springs back and you get some end effects where the punch angles the foil into the corner, resulting in tearing rather than a clean cut to open the sterility barrier. The gripper has to bend the foil out of the way, as it runs along the channel and this results in the half Newton range or force required.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the punch 400 with a widened portion 402 that tightly fits against the opening of the cavity. Some embodiments may also have a flash portion 406 that interferes with the punch 400 during punching. The helps push the flaps of the foil to the side and does not interfere with the gripper during travel.

FIG. 8 shows yet another embodiment with a narrow punch 410 with winged portions 412. The wings 412 are of sufficient size and stiffness to push the foil pieces against the side of the cavities.

Referring now to FIGS. 9 through 16, a still further embodiment of the present invention describes a shield or guide rail attached to the gripper and not the punch. Thus the shield is in placed while the gripper is coupled to the penetrating member. It does not need to be fitted to be exactly the same size as the cavity width, such as may be needed by a punch, thus allowing for easier manufacturability.

Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, in this embodiment the shield 430 is mounted above the gripper 432. This hollow open channel rides over the gripper and is fixed to the track. It also guards from accidentally touching the gripper itself. The present invention uses the guard to bend the foil out of the way.

Referring now to FIG. 11, a view of the gripper 432 engaged to a penetrating member and a shield 430 pushing foil aside is shown. FIG. 12 shows yet another cross-section of the gripper 432 and shield 430. FIGS. 13 and 14 shows yet another depiction with the entire gripper and drive assembly positioned over a cartridge 440 containing a plurality of penetrating members.

FIG. 15 shows a cross-section view with the entire gripper and drive assembly positioned over a cartridge 440 containing a plurality of penetrating members 442. FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of just the gripper and drive assembly.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, there is now a new type of punch proposed which will result in less friction and may be able to avoid a razor sharp blade and use a blunt blade instead. This punch has an “H” blade leaving an “H” cut which the guard now can fold nicely out of the way. The blade may be angled like a guillotine with feet at either end to reduce the force needed to cut open the foil and hence we could maybe increase the foil thickness (we are at 12 microns and would like to be at 20 to avoid pinholes (and hence bacteria/spores)

In a still further embodiment, the present invention may include an improved armature design. In one embodiment, the armature is made stiffer, by increasing diameter of the rod or going to a rectangular cross section in the place that suffers the most deflection. Bearings can also be modified (in the cartridge); currently it is a round lancet in a square bearing. The plan is to set the lancet in a “V” channel and then to provide a light downward force pressing the lancet into the “V”. As the lancet wants to move due to the asymmetrical chamfer, that force will be overcome and then it can move in compliance with eh chamfer force. We apply this force to the top of the gripper using a “V” shape top on the gripper, the gripper is now stabilized so that it cant rattle around, while maintaining the compliance for the lancet to move because of the chamfer. The end result is dampening of the oscillations in the armature, thus reducing the jitter.

Space: to reduce the length of the travel of the slider due to space constraints. One solution would be to ramp quickly and ramp up only when needed, therefore it becomes a non-linear cam arrangement. This gets us reduced length. In addition, it allows us to shorten the stroke. To get height for PCB we can go from a double-sided cam to a single sided cam with a spring to provide the force in two directions.

Referring now to FIG. 17, yet another aspect of the present invention will now be described. To bring a new, unused penetrating member to use, the cartridge 500 may be rotated as indicated by arrow 502. A linear slider 510 moves forward and backward as indicated by arrow 512. The forward motion of the slider 510 rotates the cartridge, among other things. In some embodiments, backward motion may be used to rotate the cartridge (it all depends on where the slider starts). Rotation occurs when a keyed gear (not shown) that the opening 514 fits over is rotated by motion of the slider 510. Of course, the slider 510 in the present embodiment also actuates a plurality of other motions such as clearing the gripper, shield, and drive assembly, to lift them clear so that the cartridge 500 can rotate.

Referring now to FIG. 18 shows how movement of the slider 510 moves rod 520 as indicate by arrows 522. For ease of illustration, certain portions of the device are removed to allow easier visualization of the moving parts. The motion of rod 522 causes a second slider 530 to move as indicated by arrow 532 and engage a stub 534 on the rotating wheel 540. This wheel 540 turns the gear the fits inside the opening 514, which rotates the cartridge. In the present embodiment, a roller 550 also travels on a cam surface 552.

As seen in FIG. 19, the roller 550 also move a slider 560. The rod 520 also includes yet another roller 562. This roller as seen in FIG. 20, follows another cam surface 570. The cam surfaces 552 (FIG. 18) and 570 (FIG. 20) allow for raising and lowering of the punch, shield, gripper, drive assembly, etc. . . . to allow for the cartridge to rotate and a new penetrating member cavity to be opened and a member loaded for firing.

In some embodiments, the various steps that need to happen are similar to those described in commonly assigned copending U.S. patent application. Ser. No. 10/323,623 (38187-2607) filed Dec. 18, 2002.

FIG. 21 shows still further embodiments of the present invention. It more clearly shows some of the elements such as roller 562. Embodiments using the linear motion of the slider 510 and linear motion of the rod 520 pushing linear sliders and pushing rollers to follow linear cam surfaces are very robust and will not easily fail. It should be understood that in some embodiments, a motor may be coupled to the slider to advance it instead of relying on user force.

Referring now to still further embodiments of the present invention:

1. C Shaped slug 3.6 mm—increase force outer diameter bigger, flux lines shorter saturates later so more force.

2. Ratchet finger: forces the punch cycle, removes peg pivot and spring mechanism for the one-way action before return cycle is initiated. For D layout flexible finger which is s shaped—the S shape give the spring like action without the need for and extra spring. 6 parts to 2. Delete a coil spring and pins to hold it. It is small but injection moldable, p-ins are molded in.

4. Hinge on the gripper track: Attach the solenoid to the gripper track so that the whole lot moves when the pull the gripper off the lancet. This is pivoted by bending so that the coil moves (and flag) but on the sensor just the flag in the slot.

5. Warping of disc: if the disc is over indexed (error) and rotational error in the gripper track then the shields will not be perfectly aligned. The main pockets are now tapered to take care of this. The walls are now parallel (they were tapered before). Tapering allows the shields to only to touch in the back corner. This is being tested this week and may reduce the forces to push in and pull out (the fact that it is tapered. If the disc isn't flat downswards, the gripper can move down to follow the tract of the resilient to cartridge. Statically determinant eg three legged stool on uneven floor. Takes into account poor manufacture in all parts including the gripper arm as well as the consumable. Consistent friction with any changes that might occur due to manufacturing. This is another advantage f the bearing system.

6. Collapsing cam mechanisms: ADA model—rolling beam slider needs mechanism so that it rolls back it punches but does not already punch the nxt cavity. Ts a ratchet ball point pen mechanism. Slot and wheel of ADA is too thick. New one has metal component which latches in place, pushing punch down, pushes component backwards, so that hump disappears. The is called the return plate. (sliding plate was Dons idea, they added metal)

7. Punch force detection is also in this model

8. Capcitative sensing: 2 embodiments, electrically connected to needle—since we have metal gripper and have an electrical circuit (they have model for needle sensing touching finger. Embodiment 2 pouching is now repeated deals with pouching only.

9. Leak testing: hermetic seal check on each pocket—desiccate, dye. Cavities fill with ink—end up with depression in the foil over the cavity—its this depression they have not observed in combination with the dye test. Foil thickness has not bee determined, 11 or 20 microns are the two candidates. 20 might be too high too punch, it's the same though, pin holes were less. If punch force stays low they will probably go for the twenty micron. Dyye incress can sense 10 um and cmbi test was less that 5 um.

10. Gripper stripper II chunk of plastic runs on track and pulls the gripper off the lancet. Does the same as the old cam but it is in two parts at it is a thinner embodiment.

11. Plastic punches—swallowtail punch shape. Front punch the cutting edge I creating a T shape. Back punch is hourglass shaped. Doing every other one and going around twice. Main punch is wider at front on the back because chambers are now tapered. The edges at the center are the cutting; gabled ends act as shearing guillotine. Saggy roof (swallowtail), minimized the peak force over all the displacement, saggy roof achieves this.

12. This is D layout, cartridge is Saturn 31 aka Rev 5 Disc 08000009-2. Design features added to solve jitter and friction. Jitter spec 50 microns, friction in the armature (moving assembly). Predictable repeatable is better tan none or high friction. Changed the bearing system (armature) slug has carbon rod and sits in tube. The end of the rd has a molding and the gripper. Lancet sits in cartridge and has two bearings, stroke is between the two bearings. The bearings are now V shaped light force makes lancet sits in v, when it hits skin it can ride up the sides of the v when the lancet hits the skin. It moves due to the 3 facet tip. This also allows a wide clearance. Before the result was jitter, the v groove defines the position and clearance in 98 microns. Free flight free flight is zero because it is getting pushed int the v. Can now move left, right or twist and follow the tip into the skin, The clearance at the rear and from are calculated to account for the orientation of the lancet into the skin it is free to move. The gripper is now mounted on a hinge and can rotate with the lancet. Plastic has elastic properties (delryn acetyl) is used for all springy parts in the model. The gripper head is what rotates, not the gripper, so molding is compliant to attach the gripper to the shaft. Slug is now diamond shaped. The damper sits on the rod and pushes down and applies the down wards pressure and damps out oscillation n the rod This takes some juice from the coil. 15 mN frictional force. Jitter plotted against friction force. Its below the 15 micron spec at 15 mN force at which contact point can be measured. Jitter under control by using friction A component sets the friction so that it is reproducible, so control system can compensate. There is some penalty in battery life—this has to be determined. This is the new Bearing system. Gripper then gets locked and then damper doesn't function while in the parked position. The gripper track—the shield are pushed out of the way. They fold the slits out of the way. Shield can maybe be used to keep the foil out of the way.

Referring now to FIG. 22, another embodiment of the present invention will now be described in greater detail. The device 1400 includes a cartridge similar to that of FIG. 6, except that it only has penetrating members, no analyte sensing. In this embodiment, the device 1400 include a glucose or other analyte meter. A test strip 1410 may be inserted into a slot on the device 1400 to allow for the body fluid on the test strip to be analyzed. As seen in FIG. 22, in different embodiments, the slot for the strip 1410 may be inserted in a variety of locations (as indicated in phantom). In some embodiments, the electronic lancing device 1400 may also dispense the test strips from a cartridge or cassette held within the housing of the device 1400.

The electronic lancing device may use a radial cartridge for housing the penetrating member or a bandolier type design as set forth in commonly assigned, copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/127,395 (38187-2551) or PCT application No. PCT/US03/40095 (38187-2721).

Referring now to FIG. 23, a still further embodiment is shown where an attachment 1420 may be added to an electronic lancing device. This attachment, in one embodiment, contains a plurality of test strips for dispensing. In another embodiment, it may provide the electronics used for functioning as glucose or other analyte meter.

Referring now to FIGS. 24 through 28, these embodiments of the present invention relate to Point of Care lancing, sampling, sensing, and disposable. The present invention provides a single device, suitable for use with multiple users in situations such as POC applications in adults or neonates. In one embodiment, the present invention address the issue by having a removable front end that both functions as a sample acquisition device and a sterility barrier between uses of a single device with multiple users in a professional care environment.

Referring now to FIGS. 24 and 25, sample capture from the surface of the finger may be carried out after the lancing step. A shield or guard may protect the front end from contamination and transfer of biohazard between successive patients. FIG. 24 shows that a portion 1422 may be hydrophobic. FIG. 25 shows that there may be hydrophobic plate 1412 and a hydrophilic mesh 1414.

Referring now to FIG. 26, the present invention is a device 1425 that has a plastic molded part with “tentacles” 1430 designed to remove the foil covering of the analyte detecting member at the time the test is taking place. FIG. 27 shows some sizing of opening on the housing. The plug may snap into the aperture of the front end. It protects back plate and front end from blood. Clips also remove packaging. FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of a fluid sampling device having a plurality of front ends 1425 on the device that are ready for use. FIG. 28 shows that old or used front ends 1427 and new front ends 1429 may be placed on the housing. By way of example and not limitation, they may be mounted on band on a back portion of the housing.

Two embodiments of the sampling paradigm are possible.

(1) The lancing is carried out in a separate operation and the surface of the finger is touched to the wicking or sip-in treated front end of the disposable “limpet” 1425. Blood is guided into the analyte detecting member channel and the test is carried out. Post testing the “limpet” front end 1425 is removed and the disk indexed before inserting the next “limpet” for the next diagnostic test. The sample acquisition channel of the limpet can be configured with mesh to guide the sample to the analyte detecting member or hydrophillically treated to guide the blood to the analyte detecting member. Since POC tests require higher amounts of blood volume the dead space for the priming of the channel leading to the not considered limiting. Limpets can be stored on board in the instrument and dispensed as a cassette. They can also be disposed of in the same cassette as used and then the entire cassette thrown way at the end of 25 or 50 patients have been tested.

(2) Embodiment two would allow an fluid device combined with analyte detecting members on a disk. The punch mechanism of the lancing device can open the seal. The function of the limpet would them be to attach and for a sterility barrier on the front end, allow passage of the penetrating member through the center and perhaps contain surface treatment or mesh to guide the sample into the analyte detecting member chamber. The limpet can be configured to prevent contamination in a side-to-side aspect between analyte detecting members by forming a physical barrier between adjacent analyte detecting members. It can be configured to prevent splatter of blood on the back plane (inside of the front end) of the instrument. It may also function as a finger positioning device as it can be contoured and shaped without affecting the front face of the instrument.

Referring now to FIG. 29, these embodiments of the present invention relate to lancing, sampling, sensing, disposable, and manufacture. In one embodiment, It is an integrated sampling/glucose-sensing system. The present invention may integrate multiple lancings with multiple electrochemical glucose sensing events. It is solved here, in some embodiments, in a very simple way by integrating the functions without integrating the two different activities (lancing and sensing) in the same physical device.

Referring again to FIG. 29, one particular simple integration of the functions of blood sampling and glucose-sensing is shown. In this embodiment, a small package of disposable glucose sensing strips 1500 in a dispenser 1508 is physically adjoined to the lancing device. In order to perform a glucose analysis, a user tears off/peels off a strip from the dispenser, sticks it to the front end of the lancing device (using suitable registration features on both the strip and the front end), and then uses the device to lance and obtain blood. The strip 1500 has many of the blood collection features, notably a woven lollipop structure to guide blood over an electrochemical glucose analyte detecting member which is an integral part of the strip (the strip is very similar in function to any glucose test strip). The front end of the lancing device may have electrode contacts which can either actively or passively make contact with the electrochemical “signal out” pads of the strip. In a particular embodiment of this concept, a hinged door be deployed from the lancing device front end to aid in registering the glucose strip and to make contact with the “signal out” pads. Following use, the disposable glucose strip is removed from the front end of the device and disposed of in the normal way.

A somewhat similar, but more integrated, approach is discussed. Here the glucose-sensing strips are still kept physically separate from the multi-lancing elements, and are only functionally integrated, but in this embodiment, the glucose-sensing strips are integrated into their own multi-strip roll. Using this multi-strip roll (in a cartridge very similar to an old 110 film canister), the indexing of the penetrating member launcher can be used to move forward new, glucose strips. The glucose strips in their roll move across the front end of the fluid sampling device, and perform similarly to the strips in the concept above. The strips have registration features corresponding to registration features on the front end, and they have blood acquisition means, like a woven lollipop structure, to guide blood from the finger-lancing site to the electrochemical analyte detecting members. Contact to the “signal out” pads of the glucose test strips are accomplished by electrode contacts integral to the front end of the fluid sampling device. But in this case, there are no individual strips either to put on the front end of the fluid sampling, or to remove from the front end after use. The strips are deployed from a film canister-type cartridge, and are rolled back up into a similar canister feature on the other side of the fluid sampling after use. It is clear that a multi-strip canister of this sort could be functionally integrated with a multiple penetrating member system of various forms. A multiple-strip canister may be functionally integrated with multiple penetrating members in the form of a penetrating member magazine, or a radial penetrating member cartridge.

Referring now to FIG. 30, still further embodiments of the present invention will be discussed. The technical field of these inventions relate to lancing, blood acquisition, contamination avoidance, sterile disposable materials. Most systems for gaining access to blood are single-use devices. Systems that are used to gain access to the blood of multiple people have the burden of showing that blood cannot be carried from one user to another. A means for avoiding that “blood carry-over” is the subject of this invention. That means is basically a specific material and design of tape that is used, and then discarded after use, between each patient.

Referring now to FIG. 30, one embodiment of a sterile disposable adhesive blood barrier 1600 is to be placed between the device and the patient. The barrier 1600 may be applied to the exterior surface of the device before use with each patient and disposed of immediately after use. In the present embodiment, the adhesive blood barrier 1600 prevents contamination of any part of the device that may act as a pathway for transmission of pathogens between patients. Illustrations of the design are shown in FIG. 30 shows the barrier by itself. FIG. 31 shows the barrier 1600 attached to a fluid sampling device 1400. The barrier 1600 may have a bend relief 1610, foam offset 1612 and location features 1614 to help position the barrier properly. The port 1616 is where a penetrating member exits to piece tissue.

1.1. Description of Operation

As seen in FIG. 31, the user will apply the sterile adhesive blood barrier 1600 with foam pad to the front of the device and then place the patients' fingertip or other skin surface against the high-density foam offset pad in the firing area. The foam offset pad 1612 serves to maintain a small air gap between the patients' finger and the blood barrier film. The penetrating member then is fired through the sterile adhesive blood barrier 1600 and enters the patient before retracting back into the cartridge. Testing described below has shown that the small hole created by the penetrating member, in combination with the air gap created by the foam, is highly resistant to fluid flow. The blood barrier 1600 acts effectively in preventing transfer of blood to the device despite the presence of such a hole.

In one embodiment, the selected film for the barrier 1600 is manufactured by 3M Medical Tapes and Adhesives under the catalog name “3M™ Tan 5 mil Polyethylene Medical Tape 1523, 63# Liner”.

The selected foam is sold by Scapa Medical UK under the catalog name “Medifix 4005/868 Single Coated Medical Pressure Sensitive Polyurethane Foam”. The offset pad is made up to the required thickness as a multi-layer laminate.

FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional diagram shows the relative dimensions of the proposed system prior to firing.

FIGS. 33, 34, and 35 are three diagrams that illustrate each phase of the lancing operation.

1.2. Prevention of Blood Transfer

First and foremost the film and foam prevent blood being left on the casework of the device by being a simple physical barrier. In one embodiment, the blood barrier 1600 will cover nearly the entire front of the device and also wrap underneath the device. User instructions require that the user clean any obvious blood contamination that is spread outside the area of the barrier with a suitable disinfectant method.

The chief risk is that the blood will be transmitted to the device via the hole created in the barrier film by the lancing operation. The success of the design relies on the elasticity of the selected film closing the hole, the surface tension and viscosity of the blood making passage through the small hole difficult, and the air gap providing for an alternative route in which the blood pressure can be released avoiding a pressure difference across the film.

Several experiments were completed to select a film and confirm that it satisfied the requirement of preventing contamination of the device.

1.2.1. Hydrostatic Pressure Test

Objective: To test whether a suitable film and air gap could withstand a blood pressure equal to that in the capillary blood vessels of the patient after being pierced by a penetrating member.

Method: A length of tubing filled with water was capped at one end by a piece of film intended to simulate skin. Offset from this “skin” was a sample of the film being tested. The height of the free surface of water was set to the maximum pressure likely to be transmitted to the film by the capillary bed, approximately 45 cmH20 (see below). A penetrating member was pushed through the test film and the “skin” and then slowly withdrawn whilst backlit and being filmed by a high speed macro video camera. This process was repeated for a variety of films of differing material and thickness.

Results: In the video footage it is obvious which combinations of air gap and film prevent fluid transmission. Results are presented in Table 1 and it is shown that the selected film will prevent fluid transmission for pressures of at least 45 cmH20 when offset from the skin by 0.6 mm.

Pressure
Air Gap
Penetration

Test
Film
Description
Nature of film
(cmH20)
(mm)
(Yes/No)

1
6016/877
40 um PU
Hydrophilic
9
0
N

2

and elastic
10
0
N

3

12.5
0
Y

4

16
0
Y

5
Bioflex 140
25 um PU
Hydrophilic
10
0
N

6

and elastic
10.5
0
Y

7
RX941PLT
40 um PET
Hydrophobic
10
0.6
N

8

and inelastic
16
0.6
Y

9
1523
130 um PE
Hydrophobic
20
0
Y

10

and elastic
25
0.6
N

11

30
0.6
N

12

32
0.6
N

13

45
0.6
N

14

45
0.6
N

The video footage shows the elastic closure of the hole as the penetrating member is retracted. This closure reduces the area of the hole to a fraction of the penetrating member diameter increasing the resistance to fluid flow tremendously.

The elastic closure also prevents the penetrating member carrying with it large drops of blood to the device side of the barrier which might otherwise be dislodged before the penetrating member is parked safely in the cartridge. As the penetrating member retracts, the film closes around it, wiping off any blood. Very small amounts of blood that may adhere to the surface of the penetrating member and be carried back to the device side of the barrier will be contained within the penetrating member cavity.

1.2.2. Theoretical calculation

Theory governing fluid passage through a small hole states that the required driving pressure for liquid to move through a small hole is given by:

$\begin{matrix} P = \frac{4 a}{d} & Equation 1 \end{matrix}$

where: P is the driving pressure in Pa

a is the surface tension of the fluid in N/m

and d is the diameter of the hole in meters

The surface tension of blood has been shown to be in the region of 56×10⁻³N/m. The crescent shaped hole left by the penetrating member after elastic closure is approximately 6×10⁻⁹m²in area (see “FIG. 36. Puncture hole with 0.317 mm diameter penetrating member for scale”), which is equivalent to hole with a diameter of 4.4×10-5 m. Equation 1 therefore gives a required driving pressure of 5.10 kPa. Adhesion of the blood to the sharp corners of the hole is likely to make the actual required driving pressure significantly higher than this

The blood pressure in the capillary bed drops from a maximum of 30-35 mmHg at the arterial end to 12-15 mmHg at the venous end. A pressure of 30-35 mmHg equates to approximately 4.65 kPa or 45 cm H₂0. The actual pressure witnessed by the barrier and hole is likely to be significantly lower than this due to the presence of the air gap and the resistance to flow through the outer epidermis.

Theory therefore predicts that because the actual driving pressure is less than that required, fluid flow will not occur.

1.2.3. In Vivo Test

Objective: To confirm the laboratory experimentation the film selection by in vivo testing using a prototype device and live patient.

Method: The barrier film and foam offset pad were applied to the prototype device. The device was then placed against the finger of the patient and fired. The barrier was inspected on the Mitutoyo after the lancing operation at 96× magnification.

Result: The barrier film showed no transmission of blood. During this testing it was also shown that the blood is not smeared on the blood barrier and that a sufficient sample of blood is left on the patient skin for analytical testing.

FIG. 37 shows a fluid sampling device with finger; FIG. 38 shows a blood drop on patient side of film (16×); FIG. 39 shows device side of film after firing into finger (96×).

The laboratory tests and theoretical equations support the hypothesis that the design is effective in preventing contamination of the device by blood.

1.3. Foreign Body Implantation

It is desirable that the penetrating member does not carry material from the adhesive blood barrier with it and implant it into the patient. The film is an elastic and ductile material being punctured by a sharpened point and it is therefore highly unlikely that pieces will be separated off and carried with the lubricated penetrating member tip. The following inspections were carried out to confirm this.

Method: A digital photograph of the penetrating member was taken immediately after firing through the adhesive film. This inspection was made along the length of 10 penetrating members after firing through the adhesive film.

- The film was inspected after firing through it.

A high frame-rate (2000 frames/second) digital video was taken of the lancing operation from the patient side.

Results: No plastic material or adhesive was seen stuck to the penetrating member.

Inspection of the film using the Mitutoyo after piercing did not suggest that material had been removed (see “FIG. 25. Barrier film after puncture (96× magnification)”).

No material removal was seen in the video footage.

Conclusion: Inspection of the penetrating member, the film and the process suggest that material is not removed during the firing process.

1.4. Sterility of the Blood Barrier

In one embodiment, the adhesive blood barrier 1600 will be prepared and packaged in a cleanroom environment and then gamma sterilized. Their respective manufacturers have declared the selected film and foam suitable for gamma sterilization. All manufacturing will be completed by an EN 13485 certified manufacturer and in accordance with that standard.

The barrier film will be presented to the user on a sterilized impermeable carrier and covered by another impermeable protective. The blood barrier film is then only exposed to possible contaminants once it is removed from its packaging in preparation for use. Applicator tabs and location details will be help to reduce handling of the lancing area as much as possible.

1.5. Cross Contamination Between Penetrating Members

In the current solution very small amounts of blood may adhere to the penetrating member and travel back into the cartridge. Each penetrating member is contained within its own cavity that is separated from adjacent cavities and the mechanism. This separation is sufficient in size and geometry to prevent pathogens spreading. The adjacent unused sterile penetrating member is hermetically sealed up until the time of firing. FIG. 42 Plan view of part of the penetrating member cartridge (protective foil not shown)” below show the layout of the cartridge in which the penetrating members are contained. From these drawings it can be seen that the distance between penetrating members is large enough to prevent pathogens traveling between penetrating members even were they not sealed.

1.6. Penetrating Member Damage

Operation of the device may be impeded and pain levels increased if the penetrating member were to be damaged by the film before it entered the patient skin. To check damage did not occur 5 penetrating members were inspected before and after a lancing operation using the device prototype. The penetrating members showed no visible damage to the sharpened tip during the firing process.

1.7. Application of Barrier

Incorrect application might place the high-density foam offset pad in the trajectory of the penetrating member or reduce the effectiveness of the foam in creating the air gap described above. To prevent such misapplication features are provided on the outer case of the fluid sampling Pro to match the geometry of the barrier film. These features make misapplication obvious and reinforce the user instructions. The features are shown in

2. Appendix I: Instructions for Application of Barrier

Referring to the information below, one embodiment of the instructions for users of the fluid sampling Pro Penetrating member Launcher Sterile Blood Barrier will be shown.

This device is for use by healthcare professionals only. It is recommended that the operator wear sterile gloves when using the device.

1. Prepare the skin of the patient in the area to be lanced with a sterile wipe.

2. Remove the protective covering from the packaging exposing a single item of sterile barrier film by pulling on the tab provided. Remove the sterile barrier film from the carrier by pulling on the applicator tab provided. (See illustrations below)

3. Apply the adhesive side to the front area of the device ensuring that both the outer circular holes in the barrier film fit around the matching circular bosses on the front of the device.

4. Press the sterile barrier film to the front and underside of the case taking care not to touch the firing area of the barrier film.

5. Prepare a penetrating member by operating the slider on the side of the device and depressing the fire button once. (See Lancing Device User Instructions)

6. Press the center circular cutout in the foam front of the barrier film against the patients skin in the area to be lanced.

7. Lance the patient by depressing the fire button a second time.

8. Remove the device from the patients skin and take the blood sample from their skin.

9. Carefully remove the barrier film from the front of the device using the tab provided and dispose of it properly.

10. Check that outer case of device has not been contaminated by blood and if necessary clean it with disinfectant.

FIG. 41 shows one embodiment of packaging for holding sterile barriers 1600. The packaging 1700 may include a sterile carrier 1702 and a protective cover 1704. Tabs 1706 may be used to facilitate pealing of the protective covers 1704.

FIG. 42 shows the possible areas of contamination and the barrier 1600 is designed to minimize the flow of blood to these areas or to prevent users from coming in to contact with any blood on these areas.

While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to certain particular embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations, changes, modifications, substitutions, deletions, or additions of procedures and protocols may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, with any of the above embodiments, the shield or other punch may be adapted for use with other cartridges disclosed herein or in related applications. With any of the above embodiments, a motor may be directly coupled to rotate the cartridge.

The publications discussed or cited herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present invention is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior invention. Further, the dates of publication provided may be different from the actual publication dates which may need to be independently confirmed. All publications mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference to disclose and describe the structures and/or methods in connection with which the publications are cited. U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/577,412 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/577,376 are fully incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

Expected variations or differences in the results are contemplated in accordance with the objects and practices of the present invention. It is intended, therefore, that the invention be defined by the scope of the claims which follow and that such claims be interpreted as broadly as is reasonable.

Claims

1. A fluid sampling device comprising: a housing;a cartridge positioned in the housinga plurality of body fluid sensing strips integrated into a multi-strip roll;at least one penetrating member positioned in the cartridge;a gripper engaged to a penetrating member;a drive assembly coupled to the cartridge;a member for moving the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for launch, the member clearing the gripper and drive assembly to lift the gripper and drive assembly clear so that the cartridge can rotate; anda sterile blood barrier with an offset pad to maintain an air gap between a patients' finger and the sterile blood barrier, wherein the offset pad is a multi-layer laminate, the sterile blood barrier including a bend relief and one or more location features to position the sterile blood barrier.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein a cam surface is aligned parallel to a slider.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein a linear motion of a cam rotates the cartridge and moves a plunger to break the sterility barrier on the cartridge.
4. The device of claim 1 wherein a cam surface comprises a linear strip of maternal with at least two raised portions and two depressed portions.
5. A fluid sampling device comprising; a housing;a cartridge defining a plurality of cavities, said cartridge sized to fit within said housing; a plurality of body fluid sensing strips integrated into a multi-strip roll;a plurality of penetrating members at least partially contained in said cavities of the cartridge wherein each of a penetrating member is slidably movable, to extend outward from said cartridge to penetrate tissue; said cavities each having a lateral opening providing access to an elongate portion of the penetrating member;a gripper configured to be engaged with each of a penetrating member;a drive assembly coupled to the cartridge;a sterile blood barrier with an offset pad to maintain an air gap between a patients' finger and the sterile blood barrier, wherein the offset pad is a multi-layer laminate, the sterile blood barrier including a bend relief and one or more location features to position the sterile blood barrier; anda member for moving the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for launch, the member clearing the gripper and drive assembly to lift the gripper and drive assembly clear so that the cartridge can rotate.
6. A device comprising: a housing;a penetrating member driver;a cartridge containing a plurality of penetrating members;a plurality of body fluid sensing strips integrated into a multi-strip roll;a display on said cartridge;a linear slider on the housing, said slider coupled to a rod;said rod moving with said slider, said rod having at least one roller using a linear motion of the slider to rotate the cartridge, punch open a new cavity and load an unused penetrating member;a gripper configured to be engaged with each of a penetrating member;a driver coupled to the cartridge;a member for moving the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for launch, the member clearing the gripper and drive assembly to lift the gripper and drive assembly clear so that the cartridge can rotate;a sterile blood barrier with an offset pad to maintain an air gap between a patients' finger and the sterile blood barrier wherein the offset pad is a multi-layer laminate the sterile blood barrier including a bend relief and one or more location features to position the sterile blood barrier.
7. A device comprising: a cartridge having a plurality of cavities;a plurality of body fluid sensing strips integrated into a multi-strip roll;a plurality of penetrating members at least partially contained in said cavities of the single cartridge wherein the penetrating members are slidably movable to extend outward from lateral openings on said cartridge to penetrate tissue;a sterile blood barrier with an offset pad to maintain an air gap between a patients' finger and the sterile blood barrier wherein the offset pad is a multi-layer laminate, the sterile blood barrier including a bend relief and one or more location features to position the sterile blood barrier;a gripper configured to be engaged with each of a penetrating member;a drive assembly coupled to the gripper; anda member for moving the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for launch, the member clearing the gripper and drive assembly to lift the gripper and drive assembly clear so that the cartridge can rotate.
8. A method for obtaining a fluid sample comprising: removing a protective covering from a packaging exposing a single item of sterile blood barrier; positioning cartridge that contains a plurality of penetrating members in a position to launch a penetrating member;using a plurality of body fluid sensing strips in the form of an integrated multi-strip roll;engaging each of a penetrating member with a gripper;engaging the cartridge with a drive assembly; andmoving the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for launch, the member clearing the gripper and drive assembly to lift the gripper and drive assembly clear so that the cartridge can rotate;providing a sterile blood barrier with an offset pad to maintain an air gap between a patients' finger and the sterile blood barrier, wherein the offset pad is a multi-layer laminate, the sterile blood barrier including a bend relief and one or more location features to position the sterile blood barrier; andlancing the patient.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the sterile blood barrier is replaced for each of a new patient.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the sterile blood barrier is placed between the device and the patient.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein the sterile blood barrier is used to prevent contamination of any part of the device that can be a pathway for transmission of pathogens between patients.
12. The method of claim 8, further comprising: a plurality of analyte sensing members, each of an analyte sensing member associated with a penetrating member.
13. A method of indexing comprising: providing a fluid sampling device that includes a housing, a plurality of penetrating members positioned in a cartridge that is positioned in the housings and a plurality of analyte sensing members;providing a plurality of body fluid sensing strips integrated into a multi-strip roll;using a gripper to engage with each of a plurality of penetrating members;engaging the cartridge with a drive assembly;providing a sterile blood barrier with an offset pad to maintain an air gap between a patients' finger and the sterile blood barrier, wherein the offset pad is a multi-layer laminate, the sterile blood barrier including a bend relief and one or more location features to position the sterile blood barrier; andusing a member for moving the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for launch, the member clearing the gripper and drive assembly to lift the gripper and drive assembly clear so that the cartridge can rotate.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein a new disposable blood barrier is used when a fluid sample is obtained for a different patient to prevent contamination from one patient to another patient.
15. A fluid sampling device comprising: a housing;a cartridge positioned in the housing;a plurality of body fluid sensing strips integrated into a multi-strip roll;at least one a penetrating member positioned in the cartridge;a gripper engaged to a penetrating member;a drive assembly coupled to the gripper;a sterile blood barrier with an offset pad to maintain an air gap between a patients' finger and the sterile blood barrier, wherein the offset pad is a multi-layer laminate, the sterile blood barrier including a bend relief and one or more location features to position the sterile blood barrier; anda member for moving the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for launch, the member clearing the gripper and drive assembly to lift the gripper and drive assembly clear so that the cartridge can rotate.
16. A fluid sampling device comprising: a housing;a cartridge defining a plurality of cavities, said cartridge sized to fit within said housing;a plurality of body fluid sensing strips integrated into a multi-strip roll;a plurality of penetrating members at least partially contained in said cavities of the cartridge wherein each of a penetrating member is slidably movable to extend outward from said cartridge to penetrate tissue, said cavities each having a lateral opening providing access to an elongate portion of the penetrating member;a gripper configured to be engaged with each of a penetrating member;a drive assembly coupled to the cartridge;a sterile blood barrier with an offset pad to maintain an air gap between a patients' finger and the sterile blood barrier, wherein the offset pad is a multi-layer laminate, the sterile blood barrier including a bend relief and one or more location features to position the sterile blood barrier; anda member for moving the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for launch, the member clearing the gripper and drive assembly to lift the gripper and drive assembly clear so that the cartridge can rotate.
17. A device comprising: a cartridge having a plurality of cavities;a plurality of body fluid sensing strips integrated into a multi-strip roll;a plurality of penetrating members at least partially contained in said cavities of the single cartridge wherein each of the plurality of penetrating members is slidably movable to extend outward from lateral openings on said cartridge to penetrate tissue, each of a lateral opening associated with a penetrating member;a sterile blood barrier with an offset pad to maintain an air gap between a patients' finger and the sterile blood barrier, wherein the offset pad is a multi-layer laminate, the sterile blood barrier including a bend relief and one or more location features to position the sterile blood barrier;a gripper configured to be engaged with each of a penetrating member;a drive assembly coupled to the cartridge; anda member for moving the cartridge to bring an unused penetrating member into position for launch, the member clearing the gripper and drive assembly to lift the gripper and drive assembly clear so that the cartridge can rotate.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a National Stage Entry of PCT/US05/19445, which claims benefit of priority from provisional applications 60/577,376, filed Jun. 3, 2004 and 60/577,412, filed Jun. 3, 2004.

PCT Information

Filing Document	Filing Date	Country	Kind	371c Date
PCT/US2005/019445	6/3/2005	WO	00	7/10/2009

Publishing Document	Publishing Date	Country	Kind
WO2005/120365	12/22/2005	WO	A

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5304468	Phillips	Apr 1994	A
5306623	Kiser	Apr 1994	A
5307263	Brown	Apr 1994	A
5312590	Gunasingham	May 1994	A
5314441	Cusack	May 1994	A
5314442	Susumu	May 1994	A
5315793	Peterson	May 1994	A
5316012	Siegal	May 1994	A
5316229	Draghetti	May 1994	A
5318583	Rabenau	Jun 1994	A
5318584	Lange	Jun 1994	A
5320607	Ishibashi	Jun 1994	A
5320808	Holen	Jun 1994	A
5324302	Crouse	Jun 1994	A
5324303	Strong	Jun 1994	A
5330634	Wong	Jul 1994	A
5332479	Uenoyama	Jul 1994	A
5341206	Pittaro	Aug 1994	A
5342382	Brinkerhoff	Aug 1994	A
5344703	Kovar	Sep 1994	A
5350392	Purcell	Sep 1994	A
5352351	White	Oct 1994	A
5354287	Wacks	Oct 1994	A
5354447	Uenoyama	Oct 1994	A
5356420	Czernecki	Oct 1994	A
5360410	Wacks	Nov 1994	A
5365699	Armstrong	Nov 1994	A
5366469	Steg	Nov 1994	A
5366470	Ramel	Nov 1994	A
5366609	White	Nov 1994	A
5368047	Suzuki	Nov 1994	A
5370509	Golding	Dec 1994	A
5371687	Holmes	Dec 1994	A
5372135	Mendelson	Dec 1994	A
5375397	Ferrand	Dec 1994	A
5378628	Graetzel	Jan 1995	A
5382346	Uenoyama	Jan 1995	A
5383885	Bland	Jan 1995	A
5389534	Gentezkow	Feb 1995	A
5390450	Goenka	Feb 1995	A
5393903	Graetzel	Feb 1995	A
5395339	Talonn	Mar 1995	A
5395387	Burns	Mar 1995	A
5397334	Schenk	Mar 1995	A
5401376	Foos	Mar 1995	A
5402798	Swierczek	Apr 1995	A
5405283	Goenka	Apr 1995	A
5405510	Betts	Apr 1995	A
5405511	White	Apr 1995	A
5407545	Hirose	Apr 1995	A
5407554	Saurer	Apr 1995	A
5407818	Gentezkow	Apr 1995	A
5409583	Yoshioka	Apr 1995	A
5409664	Allen	Apr 1995	A
5410059	Fraser	Apr 1995	A
5410474	Fox	Apr 1995	A
5415169	Siczek	May 1995	A
5418142	Kiser	May 1995	A
5423847	Strong et al.	Jun 1995	A
5424545	Block	Jun 1995	A
5426032	Phillips	Jun 1995	A
5436161	Bergstrom	Jul 1995	A
5437999	Diebold	Aug 1995	A
5438271	White	Aug 1995	A
5443701	Willner	Aug 1995	A
5445920	Saito	Aug 1995	A
D362719	Kaplan	Sep 1995	S
5453360	Yu	Sep 1995	A
5454828	Schraga	Oct 1995	A
5456875	Lambert	Oct 1995	A
5459325	Hueton	Oct 1995	A
5460182	Goodman	Oct 1995	A
5462533	Daugherty	Oct 1995	A
5464418	Schraga	Nov 1995	A
5465722	Fort	Nov 1995	A
5471102	Becker	Nov 1995	A
5472427	Rammler	Dec 1995	A
5474084	Cunniff	Dec 1995	A
5476474	Davis	Dec 1995	A
5480387	Gabriel	Jan 1996	A
5487748	Marshall	Jan 1996	A
D367109	Ryner	Feb 1996	S
5490505	Diab	Feb 1996	A
5496274	Graves	Mar 1996	A
5496453	Uenoyama	Mar 1996	A
5498542	Corey	Mar 1996	A
5501836	Myerson	Mar 1996	A
5501893	Laermer	Mar 1996	A
5507288	Bocker	Apr 1996	A
5507629	Jarvik	Apr 1996	A
5508171	Walling	Apr 1996	A
5509410	Hill	Apr 1996	A
5510266	Bonner et al.	Apr 1996	A
5512159	Yoshioka	Apr 1996	A
5514152	Smith	May 1996	A
5515170	Matzinger	May 1996	A
5518006	Mawhirt	May 1996	A
D371198	Savage	Jun 1996	S
5524636	Sarvazyan	Jun 1996	A
5525511	D'Costa	Jun 1996	A
5525518	Lundsgaard	Jun 1996	A
5526120	Jina	Jun 1996	A
5527333	Nikkels	Jun 1996	A
5527334	Kanner	Jun 1996	A
5529074	Greenfield	Jun 1996	A
5540676	Freiberg	Jul 1996	A
5540709	Ramel	Jul 1996	A
5543326	Heller	Aug 1996	A
5545174	Schenk	Aug 1996	A
5545291	Smith	Aug 1996	A
5547702	Gleisner	Aug 1996	A
D373419	Muramatsu	Sep 1996	S
5554153	Costello	Sep 1996	A
5554166	Lange	Sep 1996	A
5558834	Chu	Sep 1996	A
5562384	Alvite	Oct 1996	A
5562696	Nobles	Oct 1996	A
5563031	Yu	Oct 1996	A
5563042	Phillips	Oct 1996	A
5569286	Peckham	Oct 1996	A
5569287	Tezuka	Oct 1996	A
5571132	Mawhirt	Nov 1996	A
5575284	Athan	Nov 1996	A
5575403	Charlton	Nov 1996	A
5575895	Ikeda	Nov 1996	A
5582697	Ikeda	Dec 1996	A
5584846	Mawhirt	Dec 1996	A
5591139	Lin	Jan 1997	A
5593852	Heller	Jan 1997	A
5599501	Carey	Feb 1997	A
5605837	Karimi	Feb 1997	A
D378612	Clark	Mar 1997	S
5608006	Myerson	Mar 1997	A
5609749	Yamauchi	Mar 1997	A
5611809	Marshall	Mar 1997	A
5611810	Arnold	Mar 1997	A
5613978	Harding	Mar 1997	A
5616135	Thorne	Apr 1997	A
5617851	Lipkovker	Apr 1997	A
5618297	Hart	Apr 1997	A
5620279	Genshaw	Apr 1997	A
5620863	Tomasco	Apr 1997	A
5624458	Lipscher	Apr 1997	A
5624459	Kortenbach	Apr 1997	A
5624537	Turner	Apr 1997	A
D379516	Rutter	May 1997	S
5628764	Schraga	May 1997	A
5628765	Susumu	May 1997	A
5628890	Carter	May 1997	A
5628961	Davis	May 1997	A
5630828	Mawhirt	May 1997	A
5630986	Charlton	May 1997	A
5632410	Moulton	May 1997	A
5640954	Pfeiffer	Jun 1997	A
D381591	Rice	Jul 1997	S
5643306	Schraga	Jul 1997	A
5643308	Markman	Jul 1997	A
5645555	Davis	Jul 1997	A
5647851	Pokras	Jul 1997	A
5650062	Ikeda	Jul 1997	A
5653863	Genshaw	Aug 1997	A
5657760	Ying et al.	Aug 1997	A
5658444	Black	Aug 1997	A
5660791	Brenneman	Aug 1997	A
D383550	Larson	Sep 1997	S
5662127	De Vaughn	Sep 1997	A
5662672	Pambianchi	Sep 1997	A
5666966	Horie	Sep 1997	A
5676143	Simonsen	Oct 1997	A
5678306	Bozeman	Oct 1997	A
5680858	Henrik-Egesborg	Oct 1997	A
5680872	Sesekura	Oct 1997	A
5682233	Brinda	Oct 1997	A
5682884	Hill	Nov 1997	A
5683562	Schaffar	Nov 1997	A
5691898	Rosenberg	Nov 1997	A
5692514	Bowman	Dec 1997	A
5695947	Guo	Dec 1997	A
5700695	Yassinzadeh	Dec 1997	A
5705045	Park	Jan 1998	A
5707384	Kim	Jan 1998	A
5708247	McAleer	Jan 1998	A
5709668	Wacks	Jan 1998	A
5709699	Warner	Jan 1998	A
5710011	Forrow	Jan 1998	A
5714123	Sohrab	Feb 1998	A
5714390	Hallowitz	Feb 1998	A
5719034	Kiser	Feb 1998	A
5720862	Hamamoto	Feb 1998	A
5720924	Eikmeier	Feb 1998	A
D392391	Douglas	Mar 1998	S
D392740	Yung	Mar 1998	S
5723284	Ye	Mar 1998	A
5727548	Hill	Mar 1998	A
5729905	Mathiasmeier	Mar 1998	A
5730753	Susumu	Mar 1998	A
5733085	Shida	Mar 1998	A
5733300	Pambianchi	Mar 1998	A
D393716	Brenneman	Apr 1998	S
D393717	Brenneman	Apr 1998	S
5735868	Lee	Apr 1998	A
5736103	Pugh	Apr 1998	A
5738244	Charlton	Apr 1998	A
5741228	Lambrecht	Apr 1998	A
5741634	Nozoe	Apr 1998	A
RE35803	Lange	May 1998	E
5746217	Erickson	May 1998	A
5746761	Turchin	May 1998	A
5746898	Preidel	May 1998	A
5753429	Pugh	May 1998	A
5753452	Smith	May 1998	A
5755228	Wilson	May 1998	A
5755733	Susumu	May 1998	A
5758643	Wong	Jun 1998	A
5759364	Charlton	Jun 1998	A
5762770	Pritchard	Jun 1998	A
5770086	Indriksons	Jun 1998	A
5770369	Meade	Jun 1998	A
5772586	Heinonen	Jun 1998	A
5772677	Mawhirt	Jun 1998	A
5773270	D'Orazio	Jun 1998	A
5776157	Thorne	Jul 1998	A
5776719	Douglas	Jul 1998	A
5779365	Takaki	Jul 1998	A
5780304	Matzinger	Jul 1998	A
5782770	Mooradian	Jul 1998	A
5782852	Foggia	Jul 1998	A
5788651	Weilandt	Aug 1998	A
5788652	Rahn	Aug 1998	A
5789255	Yu	Aug 1998	A
5794219	Brown	Aug 1998	A
5795725	Buechler	Aug 1998	A
5795774	Matsumoto	Aug 1998	A
5797940	Mawhirt	Aug 1998	A
5797942	Schraga	Aug 1998	A
5798030	Raguse	Aug 1998	A
5798031	Charlton	Aug 1998	A
5800781	Gavin	Sep 1998	A
5801057	Smart	Sep 1998	A
5807375	Gross	Sep 1998	A
5810199	Charlton	Sep 1998	A
D399566	Sohrab	Oct 1998	S
5820551	Hill	Oct 1998	A
5822715	Worthington	Oct 1998	A
5823973	Racchini	Oct 1998	A
5824491	Priest	Oct 1998	A
5827181	Dias	Oct 1998	A
5828943	Brown	Oct 1998	A
5829589	Nguyen	Nov 1998	A
5830219	Bird	Nov 1998	A
5832448	Brown	Nov 1998	A
5840020	Heinonen	Nov 1998	A
5840171	Birch	Nov 1998	A
5843691	Douglas	Dec 1998	A
5843692	Phillips	Dec 1998	A
5846216	Gonzales	Dec 1998	A
5846486	Pugh	Dec 1998	A
5846490	Yokota	Dec 1998	A
5849174	Sanghera	Dec 1998	A
5853373	Griffith	Dec 1998	A
5854074	Charlton	Dec 1998	A
5855377	Murphy	Jan 1999	A
5855801	Lin	Jan 1999	A
5856174	Lipshutz	Jan 1999	A
5856195	Charlton	Jan 1999	A
5857967	Frid	Jan 1999	A
5857983	Douglas	Jan 1999	A
5858804	Zanzucchi	Jan 1999	A
5860922	Gordon et al.	Jan 1999	A
5863800	Eikmeier	Jan 1999	A
5866353	Berneth	Feb 1999	A
5868135	Kaufman	Feb 1999	A
5868772	LeVaughn	Feb 1999	A
5869972	Birch	Feb 1999	A
5871494	Simons	Feb 1999	A
5872713	Douglas	Feb 1999	A
5873856	Hjertman et al.	Feb 1999	A
5873887	King	Feb 1999	A
5876351	Rohde	Mar 1999	A
5876957	Douglas	Mar 1999	A
5879163	Brown	Mar 1999	A
5879310	Sopp	Mar 1999	A
5879311	Duchon	Mar 1999	A
5879373	Roeper	Mar 1999	A
5880829	Kauhaniemi	Mar 1999	A
5882494	van Antwerp	Mar 1999	A
5885211	Eppstein	Mar 1999	A
5886056	Hershkowitz	Mar 1999	A
5887133	Brown	Mar 1999	A
5890128	Diaz	Mar 1999	A
RE36191	Solomon	Apr 1999	E
5891053	Sesekura	Apr 1999	A
5892569	Van de Velde	Apr 1999	A
5893848	Negus	Apr 1999	A
5893870	Talen	Apr 1999	A
5897493	Brown	Apr 1999	A
5897569	Kellogg	Apr 1999	A
5899855	Brown	May 1999	A
5899915	Saadat	May 1999	A
5900130	Benvegnu	May 1999	A
5902731	Ouyang	May 1999	A
5906921	Ikeda	May 1999	A
D403975	Douglas	Jun 1999	S
D411619	Duchon	Jun 1999	S
5908416	Costello	Jun 1999	A
5911937	Hekal	Jun 1999	A
5912134	Shartle	Jun 1999	A
5913310	Brown	Jun 1999	A
5916156	Hildenbrand	Jun 1999	A
5916229	Evans	Jun 1999	A
5916230	Brenneman	Jun 1999	A
5918603	Brown	Jul 1999	A
5919711	Boyd	Jul 1999	A
5921963	Erez	Jul 1999	A
5922188	Ikeda	Jul 1999	A
5922530	Yu	Jul 1999	A
5922591	Anderson	Jul 1999	A
RE36268	Szuminsky	Aug 1999	E
5931794	Pitesky	Aug 1999	A
5933136	Brown	Aug 1999	A
5935075	Casscells et al.	Aug 1999	A
5938635	Kuhle	Aug 1999	A
5938679	Freeman	Aug 1999	A
5940153	Castaneda	Aug 1999	A
5942102	Hodges	Aug 1999	A
5942189	Wolfbeis	Aug 1999	A
5947957	Morris	Sep 1999	A
5951300	Brown	Sep 1999	A
5951492	Douglas	Sep 1999	A
5951493	Douglas et al.	Sep 1999	A
5951582	Thorne	Sep 1999	A
5951836	McAleer	Sep 1999	A
5954738	LeVaughn	Sep 1999	A
5956501	Brown	Sep 1999	A
5957846	Chiang	Sep 1999	A
5958199	Miyamoto	Sep 1999	A
5959098	Goldberg	Sep 1999	A
5960403	Brown	Sep 1999	A
5961451	Reber	Oct 1999	A
5964718	Duchon	Oct 1999	A
5965380	Heller	Oct 1999	A
5968063	Chu	Oct 1999	A
5968760	Phillips	Oct 1999	A
5968836	Matzinger	Oct 1999	A
5971941	Simons	Oct 1999	A
5972199	Heller	Oct 1999	A
5972294	Smith	Oct 1999	A
5972715	Celentano	Oct 1999	A
5974124	Schlueter	Oct 1999	A
5976085	Kimball	Nov 1999	A
5983193	Heinonen	Nov 1999	A
5985116	Ikeda	Nov 1999	A
5985559	Brown	Nov 1999	A
5986754	Harding	Nov 1999	A
5993400	Rincoe	Nov 1999	A
5993434	Dev	Nov 1999	A
D417504	Love	Dec 1999	S
5997476	Brown	Dec 1999	A
5997509	Rosengart et al.	Dec 1999	A
5997561	Boecker	Dec 1999	A
5997817	Crismore	Dec 1999	A
5997818	Hackner	Dec 1999	A
6001067	Shults	Dec 1999	A
6007497	Huitema	Dec 1999	A
D418602	Prokop	Jan 2000	S
6014577	Henning	Jan 2000	A
6015392	Douglas	Jan 2000	A
6018289	Sekura	Jan 2000	A
6020110	Williams	Feb 2000	A
6022324	Skinner	Feb 2000	A
6022366	Schraga	Feb 2000	A
6022748	Charych	Feb 2000	A
6023629	Tamada	Feb 2000	A
6023686	Brown	Feb 2000	A
6027459	Shain	Feb 2000	A
6030399	Ignotz	Feb 2000	A
6030827	Davis	Feb 2000	A
6030967	Marui	Feb 2000	A
6032059	Henning	Feb 2000	A
6032119	Brown	Feb 2000	A
6033421	Theiss	Mar 2000	A
6033866	Guo	Mar 2000	A
6036924	Simons	Mar 2000	A
6037178	Leiner	Mar 2000	A
6041253	Kost	Mar 2000	A
6045567	Taylor	Apr 2000	A
6046055	Wolfbeis	Apr 2000	A
6048352	Douglas	Apr 2000	A
D424696	Ray	May 2000	S
6056701	Duchon	May 2000	A
6059815	Lee	May 2000	A
6060327	Keen	May 2000	A
6061128	Zweig	May 2000	A
6063039	Cunningham	May 2000	A
6066103	Duchon	May 2000	A
6066243	Anderson	May 2000	A
6066296	Brady	May 2000	A
6067463	Jeng	May 2000	A
6068615	Brown	May 2000	A
D426638	Ray	Jun 2000	S
6070761	Bloom	Jun 2000	A
6071249	Cunningham	Jun 2000	A
6071250	Douglas	Jun 2000	A
6071251	Cunningham	Jun 2000	A
6071294	Simons	Jun 2000	A
6071391	Gotoh	Jun 2000	A
6074360	Hans-Peter	Jun 2000	A
6077408	Miyamoto	Jun 2000	A
6080106	Lloyd	Jun 2000	A
6080172	Fujiwara	Jun 2000	A
D428150	Ruf	Jul 2000	S
6083196	Trautman	Jul 2000	A
6083710	Heller	Jul 2000	A
6084660	Shartle	Jul 2000	A
6085576	Sunshine	Jul 2000	A
6086544	Hibner	Jul 2000	A
6086545	Roe	Jul 2000	A
6086562	Jacobsen	Jul 2000	A
6090078	Erskine	Jul 2000	A
6091975	Daddona	Jul 2000	A
6093146	Filangeri	Jul 2000	A
6093156	Cunningham et al.	Jul 2000	A
D428993	Lubs	Aug 2000	S
6099484	Douglas	Aug 2000	A
6099802	Pugh	Aug 2000	A
6100107	Lei	Aug 2000	A
6101478	Brown	Aug 2000	A
6102933	Lee	Aug 2000	A
6103033	Say	Aug 2000	A
6103509	Sode	Aug 2000	A
6104940	Watanabe	Aug 2000	A
6106751	Talbot	Aug 2000	A
6107083	Collins	Aug 2000	A
6113578	Brown	Sep 2000	A
6117115	Lee	Sep 2000	A
6117630	Reber	Sep 2000	A
6118126	Zanzucchi	Sep 2000	A
6119033	Spigelman	Sep 2000	A
6120462	Hibner	Sep 2000	A
6120676	Heller	Sep 2000	A
6121009	Heller	Sep 2000	A
6122536	Sun	Sep 2000	A
6126804	Andresen	Oct 2000	A
6126899	Woudenberg	Oct 2000	A
6129823	Hughes	Oct 2000	A
6132449	Lum	Oct 2000	A
6133837	Riley	Oct 2000	A
6134461	Say	Oct 2000	A
6136013	Marshall	Oct 2000	A
6139562	Mauze	Oct 2000	A
6143164	Heller	Nov 2000	A
6144837	Quy	Nov 2000	A
6144976	Silva et al.	Nov 2000	A
6149203	Hanlon	Nov 2000	A
6151586	Brown	Nov 2000	A
6152875	Hakamata	Nov 2000	A
6152942	Brenneman	Nov 2000	A
6153069	Pottgen	Nov 2000	A
RE36991	Yamamoto	Dec 2000	E
6155267	Nelson	Dec 2000	A
6155992	Henning et al.	Dec 2000	A
6156051	Schraga	Dec 2000	A
6157442	Raskas	Dec 2000	A
6159147	Lichter	Dec 2000	A
6159424	Kauhaniemi	Dec 2000	A
6161095	Brown	Dec 2000	A
6162397	Jurik	Dec 2000	A
6162611	Heller	Dec 2000	A
6167362	Brown	Dec 2000	A
6167386	Brown	Dec 2000	A
6168563	Brown	Jan 2001	B1
6168957	Matzinger	Jan 2001	B1
6171325	Mauze et al.	Jan 2001	B1
6172743	Kley et al.	Jan 2001	B1
6175752	Say	Jan 2001	B1
6176847	Humphreys	Jan 2001	B1
6176865	Mauze	Jan 2001	B1
6177000	Peterson	Jan 2001	B1
6177931	Alexander	Jan 2001	B1
6183489	Douglas	Feb 2001	B1
6186145	Brown	Feb 2001	B1
6190612	Berger	Feb 2001	B1
6191852	Paffhausen	Feb 2001	B1
6192891	Gravel	Feb 2001	B1
6193673	Viola	Feb 2001	B1
6193873	Ohara	Feb 2001	B1
6194900	Freeman	Feb 2001	B1
6197040	LeVaughn	Mar 2001	B1
6197257	Raskas	Mar 2001	B1
6200289	Hochman et al.	Mar 2001	B1
6200773	Ouyang	Mar 2001	B1
6203504	Latterell	Mar 2001	B1
6206841	Cunningham et al.	Mar 2001	B1
6210133	Aboul-Hosn	Apr 2001	B1
6210272	Brown	Apr 2001	B1
6210369	Wilmot	Apr 2001	B1
6210420	Mauze	Apr 2001	B1
6210421	Bocker	Apr 2001	B1
6212417	Ikeda	Apr 2001	B1
6214626	Meller	Apr 2001	B1
6214804	Felgner	Apr 2001	B1
6218571	Zheng	Apr 2001	B1
6219574	Cormier	Apr 2001	B1
6221023	Matsuba	Apr 2001	B1
6221238	Grundig	Apr 2001	B1
6224617	Saadat et al.	May 2001	B1
6225078	Ikeda	May 2001	B1
6228100	Schraga	May 2001	B1
6230051	Cormier	May 2001	B1
6230501	Bailey	May 2001	B1
6231531	Lum	May 2001	B1
6233471	Berner	May 2001	B1
6233539	Brown	May 2001	B1
6234772	Wampler	May 2001	B1
6238926	Liu et al.	May 2001	B1
6240393	Brown	May 2001	B1
D444235	Roberts	Jun 2001	S
6241862	McAleer	Jun 2001	B1
6242207	Douglas	Jun 2001	B1
6245060	Loomis	Jun 2001	B1
6245215	Douglas	Jun 2001	B1
6246992	Brown	Jun 2001	B1
6248065	Brown	Jun 2001	B1
6251083	Yum	Jun 2001	B1
6251121	Saadat	Jun 2001	B1
6251260	Heller	Jun 2001	B1
6251344	Goldstein	Jun 2001	B1
D444557	Levaughn	Jul 2001	S
6254831	Barnard	Jul 2001	B1
6256533	Vuzhakov	Jul 2001	B1
6258111	Ross	Jul 2001	B1
6258229	Winarta	Jul 2001	B1
6258254	Miyamoto	Jul 2001	B1
6261241	Burbank	Jul 2001	B1
6261245	Kawai	Jul 2001	B1
6261519	Harding	Jul 2001	B1
6264635	Wampler	Jul 2001	B1
6268161	Han	Jul 2001	B1
6268162	Phillips	Jul 2001	B1
6269314	Iitawaki	Jul 2001	B1
6270455	Brown	Aug 2001	B1
6270637	Crismore	Aug 2001	B1
6272359	Kivela	Aug 2001	B1
6272364	Kurnik	Aug 2001	B1
6275717	Gross	Aug 2001	B1
6280254	Wu	Aug 2001	B1
6281006	Heller	Aug 2001	B1
6283926	Cunningham	Sep 2001	B1
6283982	Levaughn	Sep 2001	B1
6284478	Heller	Sep 2001	B1
6285448	Kuenstner	Sep 2001	B1
6285454	Douglas	Sep 2001	B1
6289254	Shimizu	Sep 2001	B1
6290683	Erez	Sep 2001	B1
6294897	Champlin	Sep 2001	B1
6295506	Heinonen	Sep 2001	B1
6299578	Kurnik	Oct 2001	B1
6299596	Ding	Oct 2001	B1
6299757	Feldman	Oct 2001	B1
6302844	Walker	Oct 2001	B1
6302855	Lav	Oct 2001	B1
6305804	Rice	Oct 2001	B1
6306104	Cunningham	Oct 2001	B1
6306152	Verdonk	Oct 2001	B1
6306347	Mason	Oct 2001	B1
6309351	Kurnik	Oct 2001	B1
6309370	Haim et al.	Oct 2001	B1
6309535	Williams	Oct 2001	B1
6312612	Sherman	Nov 2001	B1
6315738	Nishikawa	Nov 2001	B1
6318970	Backhouse	Nov 2001	B1
6319210	Douglas	Nov 2001	B1
6322574	Lloyd	Nov 2001	B1
6322808	Trautman	Nov 2001	B1
6322963	Bauer	Nov 2001	B1
6329161	Heller	Dec 2001	B1
6330426	Brown	Dec 2001	B2
6331163	Kaplan	Dec 2001	B1
6332871	Douglas	Dec 2001	B1
6334363	Testud	Jan 2002	B1
6334778	Brown	Jan 2002	B1
6334856	Allen	Jan 2002	B1
6335203	Patel	Jan 2002	B1
6335856	Allen	Jan 2002	B1
6336900	Alleckson	Jan 2002	B1
6338790	Feldman	Jan 2002	B1
6346120	Yamazaki	Feb 2002	B1
6349229	Watanabe	Feb 2002	B1
6350273	Minagawa	Feb 2002	B1
6350451	Horn	Feb 2002	B1
6352514	Douglas	Mar 2002	B1
6352523	Brown	Mar 2002	B1
6353753	Flock	Mar 2002	B1
6358196	Rayman	Mar 2002	B1
6364889	Kheiri et al.	Apr 2002	B1
6364890	Lum	Apr 2002	B1
6368273	Brown	Apr 2002	B1
6375469	Brown	Apr 2002	B1
6375626	Allen et al.	Apr 2002	B1
6375627	Mauze	Apr 2002	B1
6379301	WOrthington	Apr 2002	B1
6379317	Kintzig	Apr 2002	B1
6379324	Gartstein	Apr 2002	B1
6379969	Mauze	Apr 2002	B1
6381577	Brown	Apr 2002	B1
D456910	Clark	May 2002	S
6387709	Mason	May 2002	B1
6391005	Lum	May 2002	B1
6395227	Kiser	May 2002	B1
6398522	Skill	Jun 2002	B2
6398562	Butler	Jun 2002	B1
6399394	Dahm	Jun 2002	B1
6402701	Kaplan	Jun 2002	B1
6402704	Mcmorrow	Jun 2002	B1
6409740	Kuhr	Jun 2002	B1
6413410	Hodges	Jul 2002	B1
6413411	Pottgen	Jul 2002	B1
6415821	Kamholz	Jul 2002	B2
6419661	Kuhr et al.	Jul 2002	B1
6420128	Ouyang	Jul 2002	B1
6421633	Heinonen	Jul 2002	B1
6423014	Churchill	Jul 2002	B1
6428664	Bhullar	Aug 2002	B1
6436055	Roe	Aug 2002	B1
6436256	Williams	Aug 2002	B1
6436721	Kuo	Aug 2002	B1
6440645	Yon-Hin	Aug 2002	B1
6444115	Hodges	Sep 2002	B1
6447119	Stewart et al.	Sep 2002	B1
6447265	Antaki	Sep 2002	B1
6451040	Purcell	Sep 2002	B1
6453810	Rossmeisl	Sep 2002	B1
6458258	Taniike	Oct 2002	B2
6461496	Feldman	Oct 2002	B1
6462162	van Antwerp	Oct 2002	B2
6464649	Duchon	Oct 2002	B1
6471903	Sherman	Oct 2002	B2
6472220	Simons	Oct 2002	B1
6475360	Hodges	Nov 2002	B1
6475372	Ohara	Nov 2002	B1
6475436	Schabbach	Nov 2002	B1
6477394	Rice	Nov 2002	B2
6477424	Thompson	Nov 2002	B1
6484046	Say	Nov 2002	B1
6485439	Roe	Nov 2002	B1
6485461	Mason	Nov 2002	B1
6485923	Yani	Nov 2002	B1
6488827	Shartle	Dec 2002	B1
6488872	Beebe et al.	Dec 2002	B1
6488891	Mason	Dec 2002	B2
6489052	Acker	Dec 2002	B1
6489133	Phillips	Dec 2002	B2
6491709	Sharma	Dec 2002	B2
6491870	Patel	Dec 2002	B2
6494830	Wessel	Dec 2002	B1
6497845	Sacherer	Dec 2002	B1
6501404	Walker	Dec 2002	B2
6501976	Sohrab	Dec 2002	B1
6503210	Hirao	Jan 2003	B1
6503231	Praunsnitz	Jan 2003	B1
6503290	Jarosinski	Jan 2003	B1
6503381	Gotoh	Jan 2003	B1
6506165	Sweeney	Jan 2003	B1
6506168	Fathallah	Jan 2003	B1
6506575	Knappe	Jan 2003	B1
6508795	Eppstein	Jan 2003	B1
6512986	Harmon	Jan 2003	B1
6514270	Schraga	Feb 2003	B1
6514460	Fendrock	Feb 2003	B1
6519241	Theimer	Feb 2003	B1
6520326	McIvor	Feb 2003	B2
6521110	Hodges	Feb 2003	B1
6521182	Shartle	Feb 2003	B1
6527521	Noda	Mar 2003	B2
6527716	Epstein	Mar 2003	B1
6527778	Athanasiou	Mar 2003	B2
6529377	Nelson	Mar 2003	B1
6530892	Kelly	Mar 2003	B1
6530937	Schraga	Mar 2003	B1
6531322	Jurik	Mar 2003	B1
6533949	Yeshurun	Mar 2003	B1
6537207	Rice	Mar 2003	B1
6537242	Palmer	Mar 2003	B1
6537264	Cormier et al.	Mar 2003	B1
6537292	Lee	Mar 2003	B1
6540672	Simonsen	Apr 2003	B1
6540675	Aceti	Apr 2003	B2
6540762	Bertling	Apr 2003	B1
6540891	Stewart	Apr 2003	B1
6541266	Modzelewski	Apr 2003	B2
6547954	Ikeda	Apr 2003	B2
6549796	Sohrab	Apr 2003	B2
6551494	Heller	Apr 2003	B1
6553244	Lesho	Apr 2003	B2
6554381	Locher	Apr 2003	B2
6555061	Leong	Apr 2003	B1
D475136	Taniguchi	May 2003	S
6558320	Causey	May 2003	B1
6558361	Yeshurun	May 2003	B1
6558402	Chelak	May 2003	B1
6558528	Matzinger	May 2003	B1
6560471	Heller	May 2003	B1
6561978	Conn	May 2003	B1
6561989	Whitson	May 2003	B2
6562210	Bhullar	May 2003	B1
6565509	Say	May 2003	B1
6565808	Hudak	May 2003	B2
6569157	Shain	May 2003	B1
6571651	Hodges	Jun 2003	B1
6572566	Effenhauser	Jun 2003	B2
6572822	Jurik	Jun 2003	B2
6574490	Abbink	Jun 2003	B2
6575905	Knobbe	Jun 2003	B2
6576101	Heller	Jun 2003	B1
6576117	Kazuo	Jun 2003	B1
6576416	Haviland	Jun 2003	B2
6579690	Bonnecaze et al.	Jun 2003	B1
6582573	Douglas	Jun 2003	B2
6584338	Van Muiswinkel	Jun 2003	B1
D477670	Jurik	Jul 2003	S
6586199	Ouyang	Jul 2003	B2
6587705	Kim	Jul 2003	B1
6589260	Schmelzeisen-R	Jul 2003	B1
6589261	Abulhaj	Jul 2003	B1
6591124	Sherman et al.	Jul 2003	B2
6591125	Buse	Jul 2003	B1
6592744	Hodges	Jul 2003	B1
6592745	Feldman	Jul 2003	B1
6595919	Berner	Jul 2003	B2
6599281	Struys et al.	Jul 2003	B1
6599407	Taniike	Jul 2003	B2
6599693	Webb	Jul 2003	B1
6599769	Kondo	Jul 2003	B2
6601534	Hebrank	Aug 2003	B2
6602205	Erickson	Aug 2003	B1
6602268	Kuhr	Aug 2003	B2
6602678	Kwon	Aug 2003	B2
6604050	Trippel	Aug 2003	B2
6607362	Lum	Aug 2003	B2
6607494	Fowler	Aug 2003	B1
6607658	Heller	Aug 2003	B1
6612111	Hodges	Sep 2003	B1
6616616	Fritz	Sep 2003	B2
6616819	Liamos	Sep 2003	B1
6618934	Feldman	Sep 2003	B1
6620112	Klitmose	Sep 2003	B2
6620310	Ohara	Sep 2003	B1
6623501	Heller	Sep 2003	B2
6626851	Hirao	Sep 2003	B2
6632349	Hodges	Oct 2003	B1
6635222	Kent	Oct 2003	B2
6638415	Hodges	Oct 2003	B1
6638772	Douglas	Oct 2003	B1
6641533	Causey	Nov 2003	B2
6645142	Braig	Nov 2003	B2
6645219	Roe	Nov 2003	B2
6645368	Beatty	Nov 2003	B1
6649416	Kauer	Nov 2003	B1
6650915	Routt	Nov 2003	B2
6652720	Mansouri	Nov 2003	B1
6652734	Hodges	Nov 2003	B1
6652814	House	Nov 2003	B1
D484600	Kaar	Dec 2003	S
6656428	Clark et al.	Dec 2003	B1
6656697	Ouyang	Dec 2003	B1
6656702	Yugawa	Dec 2003	B1
6659966	Essenpreis	Dec 2003	B2
6660018	Lum	Dec 2003	B2
6662439	Bhullar	Dec 2003	B1
6669669	Flaherty	Dec 2003	B2
6671527	Peterson	Dec 2003	B2
D484980	Hartwein	Jan 2004	S
6673617	Patel	Jan 2004	B2
6676995	Dick	Jan 2004	B2
6679841	Bojan	Jan 2004	B2
6679852	Schmelzeisen-R	Jan 2004	B1
6682933	Patel	Jan 2004	B2
6689411	Dick	Feb 2004	B2
6706000	Perez	Mar 2004	B2
6706049	Moerman	Mar 2004	B2
6706159	Moerman	Mar 2004	B2
6706232	Hasegawa	Mar 2004	B2
6709692	Sudor	Mar 2004	B2
6713660	Roe	Mar 2004	B1
6716577	Yu	Apr 2004	B1
6719887	Hasegawa	Apr 2004	B2
6719923	Stiene	Apr 2004	B2
6721586	Kiser	Apr 2004	B2
6723046	Lichtenstein	Apr 2004	B2
6723111	Abulhaj	Apr 2004	B2
6723371	Chih-hui	Apr 2004	B2
6723500	Yu	Apr 2004	B2
6726818	Cui et al.	Apr 2004	B2
6729546	Roustaei	May 2004	B2
6730494	Toranto	May 2004	B1
6731966	Spigelman	May 2004	B1
6733493	Gruzdev	May 2004	B2
6736777	Kim	May 2004	B2
6738654	Sohrab	May 2004	B2
6740215	Yamamoto	May 2004	B1
6743211	PraUSnitz	Jun 2004	B1
6743597	Guo	Jun 2004	B1
6743635	Neel	Jun 2004	B2
6745750	Egler et al.	Jun 2004	B2
6746872	Zheng	Jun 2004	B2
6749618	Levaughn	Jun 2004	B2
6749740	Liamos	Jun 2004	B2
6749792	Olsen	Jun 2004	B2
6749887	Dick	Jun 2004	B1
6751491	Lew	Jun 2004	B2
6752817	Flora	Jun 2004	B2
6753187	Cizdziel	Jun 2004	B2
6759190	Lin	Jul 2004	B2
6764496	Schraga	Jul 2004	B2
6764581	Forrow	Jul 2004	B1
6767441	Cai	Jul 2004	B1
6773671	Lewis	Aug 2004	B1
6776888	Yamamoto	Aug 2004	B2
6780645	Hayter	Aug 2004	B2
6780647	Fujiwara	Aug 2004	B2
6783502	Orloff	Aug 2004	B2
6783537	Kuhr	Aug 2004	B1
6784274	van Antwerp	Aug 2004	B2
6786874	Grace	Sep 2004	B2
6787013	Chang	Sep 2004	B2
6787109	Haar	Sep 2004	B2
6790327	Ikeda	Sep 2004	B2
6790599	Madou	Sep 2004	B1
6792791	Sato	Sep 2004	B2
6793632	Sohrab	Sep 2004	B2
6793633	Douglas	Sep 2004	B2
6793802	Lee	Sep 2004	B2
6797150	Kermani	Sep 2004	B2
6800488	Khan	Oct 2004	B2
6801041	Karinka	Oct 2004	B2
6801804	Miller	Oct 2004	B2
6802199	Hilgers	Oct 2004	B2
6802811	Slepian	Oct 2004	B1
6802957	Jung	Oct 2004	B2
6805780	Ryu	Oct 2004	B1
6808499	Churchill	Oct 2004	B1
6808908	Yao	Oct 2004	B2
6808937	Ligler	Oct 2004	B2
6809807	Erickson	Oct 2004	B1
6811406	Grube	Nov 2004	B2
6811557	Schraga	Nov 2004	B2
6811659	Vachon	Nov 2004	B2
6811753	Hirao	Nov 2004	B2
6811792	Roser	Nov 2004	B2
6812031	Carlsson	Nov 2004	B1
6814843	Bhullar	Nov 2004	B1
6814844	Bhullar	Nov 2004	B2
6814845	Wilson	Nov 2004	B2
6815186	Clark	Nov 2004	B2
6816742	Kim	Nov 2004	B2
6818180	Douglas	Nov 2004	B2
6821483	Phillips	Nov 2004	B2
6823750	Hodges	Nov 2004	B2
6825047	Woudenberg	Nov 2004	B1
6827250	Uhland	Dec 2004	B2
6827829	Kawanaka	Dec 2004	B2
6829507	Lidman	Dec 2004	B1
6830551	Uchigaki	Dec 2004	B1
6830668	Musho	Dec 2004	B2
6830669	Miyazaki	Dec 2004	B2
6830934	Hardling	Dec 2004	B1
6833540	MacKenzie	Dec 2004	B2
6835184	Sage	Dec 2004	B1
6835553	Han	Dec 2004	B2
6835570	Patel	Dec 2004	B2
6837858	Cunningham	Jan 2005	B2
6837976	Cai	Jan 2005	B2
6837988	Leong	Jan 2005	B2
6840912	Kloepfer	Jan 2005	B2
6841052	Musho	Jan 2005	B2
6843254	Tapper	Jan 2005	B2
6843902	Penner	Jan 2005	B1
6847451	Pugh	Jan 2005	B2
6849052	Uchigaki	Feb 2005	B2
6849168	Crumly	Feb 2005	B2
6849216	Rappin	Feb 2005	B2
6849456	Patel	Feb 2005	B2
6850790	Berner	Feb 2005	B2
6852119	Abulhaj	Feb 2005	B1
6852212	Maxwell	Feb 2005	B2
6852500	Hoss	Feb 2005	B1
6853854	Proniewicz	Feb 2005	B1
6855243	Khan	Feb 2005	B2
6856125	Kermani	Feb 2005	B2
6856928	Harmon	Feb 2005	B2
6858015	List	Feb 2005	B2
6858401	Phillips	Feb 2005	B2
6859738	Bush	Feb 2005	B2
6862466	Ackerman	Mar 2005	B2
6862534	Sterling	Mar 2005	B2
6863800	Karinka	Mar 2005	B2
6863801	Hodges	Mar 2005	B2
6865408	Abbink	Mar 2005	B1
6866641	Marshall	Mar 2005	B2
6866675	Perez	Mar 2005	B2
6866758	Bhullar	Mar 2005	B2
6866822	House	Mar 2005	B1
6869418	Marano-Ford	Mar 2005	B2
6872200	Mann	Mar 2005	B2
6872297	Mansouri	Mar 2005	B2
6872298	Kermani	Mar 2005	B2
6872299	Kermani	Mar 2005	B2
6872358	Hagen	Mar 2005	B2
6875208	Santini	Apr 2005	B2
6875223	Argauer	Apr 2005	B2
6875327	Miyazaki	Apr 2005	B1
6875613	Shartle	Apr 2005	B2
6878120	Roe	Apr 2005	B2
6878251	Hodges	Apr 2005	B2
6878255	Wang	Apr 2005	B1
6878262	Taniike	Apr 2005	B2
6880968	Haar	Apr 2005	B1
6881203	Delmore	Apr 2005	B2
6881322	Tokunaga	Apr 2005	B2
6881378	Zimmer	Apr 2005	B1
6881541	Petersen	Apr 2005	B2
6881550	Phillips	Apr 2005	B2
6881551	Heller	Apr 2005	B2
6881578	Otake	Apr 2005	B2
6882940	Potts	Apr 2005	B2
6884592	Matzinger	Apr 2005	B2
6885196	Taniike	Apr 2005	B2
6885883	Parris	Apr 2005	B2
6887202	Currie	May 2005	B2
6887239	Elstrom	May 2005	B2
6887253	Curie	May 2005	B2
6887426	Phillips	May 2005	B2
6887709	Leong	May 2005	B2
6889069	Routt	May 2005	B2
6890319	Crocker	May 2005	B1
6890421	Ohara	May 2005	B2
6890484	Bautista	May 2005	B2
6891936	Kai	May 2005	B2
6892085	McIvor	May 2005	B2
6893396	Schulze	May 2005	B2
6893545	Gotoh	May 2005	B2
6893552	Wang	May 2005	B1
6895263	Shin	May 2005	B2
6895264	Rice	May 2005	B2
6895265	Silver	May 2005	B2
6896793	Erdosy	May 2005	B2
6897788	Khair	May 2005	B2
6902905	Burson	Jun 2005	B2
6904301	Raskas	Jun 2005	B2
6905733	Russell	Jun 2005	B2
6908008	Pugh	Jun 2005	B2
6908535	Rankin	Jun 2005	B2
6908591	MacPhee	Jun 2005	B2
6908593	Shartle	Jun 2005	B1
6911130	Brenneman	Jun 2005	B2
6911131	Miyazaki	Jun 2005	B2
6911621	Bhullar	Jun 2005	B2
6911937	Sparrow	Jun 2005	B1
6913210	Baasch	Jul 2005	B2
6913668	Matzinger	Jul 2005	B2
6916410	Katsuki	Jul 2005	B2
6918901	Theeuwes	Jul 2005	B1
6918918	Schraga	Jul 2005	B1
6922576	Raskas	Jul 2005	B2
6922578	Eppstein	Jul 2005	B2
6923764	Aceti	Aug 2005	B2
6923894	Huang	Aug 2005	B2
6923936	Swanson	Aug 2005	B2
6924093	Haviland	Aug 2005	B2
6925317	Samuels	Aug 2005	B1
6925393	Kalatz	Aug 2005	B1
6929631	Brugger	Aug 2005	B1
6929649	Pugh	Aug 2005	B2
6929650	Fukuzawa	Aug 2005	B2
6931327	Goode	Aug 2005	B2
6931328	Braig	Aug 2005	B2
RE38803	Rodgers, Jr.	Sep 2005	E
6939310	Matzinger	Sep 2005	B2
6939312	Hodges	Sep 2005	B2
6939450	Karinka	Sep 2005	B2
6939685	Ouyang	Sep 2005	B2
6940591	Sopp	Sep 2005	B2
6942518	Liamos	Sep 2005	B2
6942769	Cheng	Sep 2005	B2
6942770	Cai	Sep 2005	B2
6944486	Braig	Sep 2005	B2
6945943	Pugh	Sep 2005	B2
6946067	Hodges	Sep 2005	B2
6946098	Miekka	Sep 2005	B2
6946299	Neel	Sep 2005	B2
6949111	Schraga	Sep 2005	B2
6949221	Kiser	Sep 2005	B2
6951631	Catt	Oct 2005	B1
6951728	Qian	Oct 2005	B2
6952603	Gerber	Oct 2005	B2
6952604	DeNuzzio	Oct 2005	B2
6953693	Neel	Oct 2005	B2
6954662	Freger	Oct 2005	B2
6958072	Schraga	Oct 2005	B2
6958129	Galen	Oct 2005	B2
6958809	Sterling	Oct 2005	B2
6959211	Rule	Oct 2005	B2
6959247	Neel	Oct 2005	B2
6960287	Charlton	Nov 2005	B2
6960289	Hodges	Nov 2005	B2
6960323	Guo	Nov 2005	B2
6964871	Bell	Nov 2005	B2
6965791	Hitchcock	Nov 2005	B1
6966880	Boecker	Nov 2005	B2
6966977	Hasegawa	Nov 2005	B2
6967105	Nomura	Nov 2005	B2
6968375	Brown	Nov 2005	B1
6969359	Duchon	Nov 2005	B2
6969450	Taniike	Nov 2005	B2
6969451	Shin	Nov 2005	B2
6973706	Say	Dec 2005	B2
6975893	Say	Dec 2005	B2
6977032	Hasegawa	Dec 2005	B2
6977722	Wohlstadter et al.	Dec 2005	B2
6979544	Keen	Dec 2005	B2
6979571	Modzelewski	Dec 2005	B2
6982027	Yagi	Jan 2006	B2
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6983176	Gardner	Jan 2006	B2
6983177	Rule	Jan 2006	B2
6984307	Zweig	Jan 2006	B2
6986777	Kim	Jan 2006	B2
6986869	Tuohy	Jan 2006	B2
6988996	Roe	Jan 2006	B2
6989243	Yani	Jan 2006	B2
6989891	Braig	Jan 2006	B2
6990365	Parker	Jan 2006	B1
6990366	Say	Jan 2006	B2
6990367	Kiser	Jan 2006	B2
6990849	Bohm	Jan 2006	B2
6991918	Keith	Jan 2006	B2
6991940	Carroll	Jan 2006	B2
6994825	Haviland	Feb 2006	B2
6997317	Catelli	Feb 2006	B2
6997343	May	Feb 2006	B2
6997344	Brown	Feb 2006	B2
6997936	Marshall	Feb 2006	B2
6998247	Monfre	Feb 2006	B2
6998248	Yani	Feb 2006	B2
6999810	Berner	Feb 2006	B2
7001343	Erickson	Feb 2006	B2
7001344	Freeman	Feb 2006	B2
7003337	Harjunmaa	Feb 2006	B2
7003340	Say	Feb 2006	B2
7003341	Say	Feb 2006	B2
7004928	Aceti	Feb 2006	B2
7005048	Watanabe	Feb 2006	B1
7005273	Heller	Feb 2006	B2
7005459	Hekal	Feb 2006	B2
7005857	Stiene	Feb 2006	B2
7006857	Braig	Feb 2006	B2
7006858	Silver	Feb 2006	B2
7008384	Tapper	Mar 2006	B2
7010432	Kermani	Mar 2006	B2
7011630	Desai	Mar 2006	B2
7011954	Ouyang	Mar 2006	B2
7014615	Erickson	Mar 2006	B2
7015262	Leong	Mar 2006	B2
7016713	Gardner	Mar 2006	B2
7018568	Tierney	Mar 2006	B2
7018848	Douglas	Mar 2006	B2
7022217	Hodges	Apr 2006	B2
7022218	Taniike	Apr 2006	B2
7022286	Lemke	Apr 2006	B2
7024236	Ford	Apr 2006	B2
7024248	Penner	Apr 2006	B2
7024399	Sumner	Apr 2006	B2
7025425	Kovatchev	Apr 2006	B2
7025774	Freeman	Apr 2006	B2
7027848	Robinson	Apr 2006	B2
7029444	Shin	Apr 2006	B2
7033322	Silver	Apr 2006	B2
7033371	Alden	Apr 2006	B2
7039560	Kawatahara	May 2006	B2
7041057	Faupel	May 2006	B1
7041063	Abreu	May 2006	B2
7041068	Freeman	May 2006	B2
7041210	Hodges	May 2006	B2
7041254	Haviland	May 2006	B2
7041468	Drucker	May 2006	B2
7043287	Khalil	May 2006	B1
7043821	Hodges	May 2006	B2
7044911	Drinan	May 2006	B2
7045046	Chambers	May 2006	B2
7045054	Buck	May 2006	B1
7045097	Kovacs	May 2006	B2
7045310	Buck	May 2006	B2
7045361	Heiss	May 2006	B2
7047070	Wilkinson	May 2006	B2
7047795	Sato	May 2006	B2
7049087	Jenny	May 2006	B2
7049130	Carroll	May 2006	B2
7050843	Shartle	May 2006	B2
7051495	Lang	May 2006	B2
7052268	Powell	May 2006	B2
7052591	Gao	May 2006	B2
7052652	Zanzucchi	May 2006	B2
7052864	Durkop	May 2006	B2
7054682	Young	May 2006	B2
7054759	Fukunaga	May 2006	B2
D522656	Orr	Jun 2006	S
D523555	Loerwald	Jun 2006	S
7056425	Hasegawa	Jun 2006	B2
7056495	Roser	Jun 2006	B2
7058437	Buse	Jun 2006	B2
7059352	Bohm	Jun 2006	B2
7060059	Keith	Jun 2006	B2
7060168	Taniike	Jun 2006	B2
7060192	Yuzhakov	Jun 2006	B2
7061593	Braig	Jun 2006	B2
7063234	Giraud	Jun 2006	B2
7063774	Bhullar	Jun 2006	B2
7063775	Yamaoka	Jun 2006	B2
7063776	Huang	Jun 2006	B2
7066884	Custer	Jun 2006	B2
7066885	Erickson	Jun 2006	B2
7070564	Matzinger	Jul 2006	B2
7070680	Bae	Jul 2006	B2
7073246	Bhullar	Jul 2006	B2
7074307	Simpson	Jul 2006	B2
7074308	Mao	Jul 2006	B2
7077328	Krishnaswamy	Jul 2006	B2
7077828	Kuhr	Jul 2006	B2
7078480	Nagel	Jul 2006	B2
7079252	Debreezeny	Jul 2006	B1
7081188	Cho	Jul 2006	B1
7083712	Morita	Aug 2006	B2
7086277	Tess	Aug 2006	B2
7087149	Muguruma	Aug 2006	B1
7090764	Iyengar	Aug 2006	B2
7096053	Loeb	Aug 2006	B2
7096124	Sterling	Aug 2006	B2
7097631	Trautman	Aug 2006	B2
7098038	Fukuoka	Aug 2006	B2
7103578	Beck	Sep 2006	B2
7105066	Schraga	Sep 2006	B2
7107253	Sumner	Sep 2006	B1
7108680	Rohr	Sep 2006	B2
7108778	Simpson	Sep 2006	B2
7109271	Liu	Sep 2006	B2
7110112	Uchida	Sep 2006	B2
7110803	Shults	Sep 2006	B2
7112265	McAleer	Sep 2006	B1
7112451	Takahashi	Sep 2006	B2
7113172	Hohl	Sep 2006	B2
7115362	Douglas	Oct 2006	B2
7118351	Effenhauser	Oct 2006	B2
7118667	Lee	Oct 2006	B2
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Related Publications (1)

	Number	Date	Country
	20100286560 A1	Nov 2010	US

Provisional Applications (2)

	Number	Date	Country
	60577376	Jun 2004	US
	60577412	Jun 2004	US

Method and apparatus for a fluid sampling device

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