Patent Grant
11255743
The present invention relates to a monitoring and detection system for monitoring the operating parameters of fluid contained and flowing in a pipe or channel. More preferably, the invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting leaks in a pipeline of a fluid distribution systems in industrial applications, and more preferably an apparatus operable to provide the acoustic detection of fluid leaks in conduits, or pipes, such as water leaks which occur due to cooling panel fractures in steel making furnaces, such as Electric Arc Furnace (EAF).
In the most preferred EAF steel making application, fluid or water cooled panels have been introduced to protect the upper-shell, roof and side-walls of furnaces from the extreme heat generated by the melted steel and radiation from the electric arc. The excellent results achieved led to a wide spread use of this solution. However, the introduction of water cooled panels has introduced the risk of water leaking into the furnace from damaged panels. In particular, coolant panel structures are provided with one or more serpentinely extending cooling pipes or conduits in thermal contact with the sidewalls of the furnace. Water is circulated through the cooling pipes as a coolant-fluid to effect furnace cooling and dissipate heat. The coolant panels are subject to strong thermomechanical stress due to the extreme heat variations inside the furnace and the impact of scrap during the EAF charge phases. Eventually, due to the expansion/contraction process, heat stress and scrap impact, the panel structure can crack leading to water spilling directly into the furnace.
When liquid water enters the EAF, it will immediately begin to boil producing steam (H2O vapor). The evolving H2O vapor can subsequently form a gas-blanket around the liquid water, thereby reducing heat transfer and prolonging boiling for an extended time period. An explosion risk exists whenever there is molten slag and metal in the furnace, however, this may become particularly acute if there is a sudden disturbance such as from unmelted scrap falling into the pool or when the EAF is rocked or tilted. The resulting molten “slosh” can readily submerge liquid water below molten slag and steel.
In such slosh situations there can often be two explosions, the first explosion related to a sudden evolution of steam trapped subsurface which ejects molten metal and slag, and a possible second much more severe explosion due to rapid ignition of combustible gases CO and H2 present inside the EAF. In this regard, the concentration H2 in the EAF freeboard maybe elevated due to reduction of H2O stemming from the water leak.
It has been recognized that the commercialization of effective, real-time EAF water leak detection technology would represent an important safety tool for all EAF shops. The development of such technology on a reliable level has proven difficult.
Typically the detection of water leaks in EAF furnaces is based on a visual inspection of the furnace during furnace shut down. This practice relies only on the expertise of the EAF operator and may be susceptible to human error. Automated systems to detect leaks from water-cooled panels have been proposed, including the monitoring of pressure/flow of the water cooling system, the analysis of humidity in the furnace off-gases, and vibration analysis of the panel structure.
Direct measurement of inlet/outlet water flow has been proposed for detecting water leaks. Experience has shown that a simple global in/out flow measurement is prone to high signal noise and poor response times. Regarding the pressure/flow monitoring of the water-cooling system, typically the furnace water panels are a sub-system of a more complex plant cooling scheme. Significant variations in flow and pressure occur due to the normal plant operations and the effect of a water leak can be masked in the normal pressure/flow behaviour. Under such situations, increased effectiveness for water leak detection requires multiple cooling water circuits in the shell, with each panel in the circuit being equipped with flow, temperature and pressure sensors, see for example L. S. Valentas and E. P. Tierney, U.S. Pat. No. 7,832,367, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The resulting large scale sensor network increases system complexity which can affect reliability, maintenance and capital cost.
The analysis of humidity in the furnace exhaust gases has also been proposed as a detection method. Because the by-product of a water leak are gaseous (H2 and H2O vapor), off-gas analysis can be an effective and rapid response method for EAF water detection. Such off-gas analysis systems must be capable of providing reliable and accurate analysis of both H2 and H2O vapor in the off-gas. Many “normal” sources of H2O vapor exist in the off-gas, including combustion products from residual oils remnants on the scrap material charged into and from fuel fired burners, as well as from moisture on the scrap and water sprays normally used to cool the electrodes. As such, it has been appreciated that off-gas water leak detection system is preferably equipped with software that can distinguish between these “normal” levels of H2 and H2O vapor in the off-gas chemistry, and “abnormal” levels associated with a water panel leak. Heretofore, a major limitation of conventional off-gas analysis techniques used in the detection of water vapour remains developing software that can reliably differentiate actual water-leaks from such normal humidity variations generated by the process and typical furnace operations, while maintaining an acceptable false alarm rate for water leaks.
A detection system based on vibration analysis provided by fluid travelling in the panel structure has recently proposed by Lumar Metals and which is described in International Patent Publication No. WO2014013362A1, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This methodology relies on the use of piezoelectric sensors which are installed in a direction of forward fluid flow with a refrigerated pipe. The system monitors the turbulence behaviour of water that is fed through refrigerated pipes. In operation, before the system start-up, a detailed survey of the vibrational standard behaviour of the system is determined. When the piezoelectric sensors detect a change in such vibrational behaviour, the software analyzes the disturbance to determine if it is from a water leak. The vibrational noise produced by the leak is compared to the flow noise occurring in “normal conditions”, consequently generating an alarm when a significant difference is detected. It has been appreciated that a main limitation of this approach consists in the significant vibrational noise of the EAF environment, which might mask the leak appearance.
The common feature of all applications for the current invention includes detection of fluid leaks in a pipe or channel. One non-limiting object of the current invention is therefore to provide an improved apparatus and methodology to be used to audibly monitor one or more operating parameters associated with the fluid contained in pipes or channels. More preferably, the system provides an apparatus operable to audibly detect a leak event in a pipe, channel, or fluid conduit used for cooling furnace sidewall panels, fume duct panels and in lances, tuyeres or other ancillary cooled equipment and which for example may be used in but not limited to industrial furnaces, such as furnaces used in the iron making and the steel making industries.
Another non-limiting object is to provide a leak detection device for a fuel or oil pipeline, duct or other fluid conduit, and which reduces the limitations and disadvantages of prior leak detection devices/solutions, and preferably those used in cooling circuits of industrial applications such as in panels, ducts, lances, tuyeres, metal casting moulds or the like and most preferably those used to respond to the problem of water leak detection in an EAF or other metallurgical furnaces where a serious explosion threat exists if liquid water comes in contact with molten metal.
A further non-limiting object of the current invention addresses the need to obtain a fast and reliable detection of a panel water leak due to a mechanical fracture of an EAF or other industrial furnace cooling panel structure. To overcome at least some of the disadvantages associated with prior art systems, the present invention provides for a monitoring and/or detection system which may be used in monitoring one or more operating parameters of a coolant-fluid industrial installation audibly. The monitoring and/or detection system includes an acoustic sensor assembly which is positioned and configured to transmit, receive and sense one or more acoustic signals in the installation coolant-fluid flow. More preferably, the acoustic sensor assembly includes one or more acoustic sensors which are positioned in the fluid, and most preferably which include one or more respective signal transmitting elements and one or more signal receiving elements both of which are disposed directly within the coolant-fluid flow, and where the acoustic sensor assembly is selected to transmit and sense acoustic signals at frequency ranges above and/or below the background noise frequency ranges which are associated with the normal or typical operation of the installation.
More preferably, the acoustic sensor assembly operates to both transmit and receive acoustic signals which are representative of the propagation conditions in the circuit in which the fluid is flowing. The sensed acoustic signals comprise target frequencies emitted by the system away from the background noise, as well as the background noise within the flow. Data are sent to a processor which operates to compare data signals received from the acoustic sensor assembly with one or more target frequency profiles. The target frequency profiles are preferably predetermined as representing the acoustic frequencies associated with the transmitted known signal. Additional acoustic frequencies are associated with a predetermined installation operating parameter or event, and which may include without limitation, a frequency associated with normal installation start-up and/or shutdown procedures; a frequency associated with normal or optimum installation run operations as well as frequencies associated with a particular installation hazard, such as a vessel rupture, water leak, or the like. The processor is operable to compare one or more frequency components of the sensed acoustic signal detected by the acoustic sensor assembly with one or more of the predetermined target frequencies associated with the transmitted signal and installation operating parameters, and output warning and/or control signals where a compared frequency component deviates from its target frequency by a predetermined threshold amount.
More preferably, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for the detection of fluid leaks from conduits and pipes, and more preferably coolant-fluid leaks occurring in industrial applications using cooling panels and other ancillary equipment such as but limited to ducts, lances, tuyeres, casting moulds and the like and most preferably in metallurgical furnaces such as a steelmaking EAF furnace and BOF furnace.
The applicant has appreciated that providing an acoustic sensor assembly which operates to detect and/or sense transmitted known acoustic signals in a coolant-fluid flow of an installation cooling-fluid conduit, advantageously incident background noises which could lead to false readings may be reduced. In particular, the applicant has recognized that a coolant-fluid flow and in particular, a coolant-flow through cooling panels or channels such as those used in steel making applications advantageously may provide a more direct signal path to the steel making furnace or ancillary equipment. By detecting the known emitted audio signals transmitted through the coolant-fluid flows, it is possible to not only monitor the propagation path between the transmitted and the receiver and the ongoing operations of the furnace, but also detect furnace anomalies audibly, whilst achieving reduced interference from ambient noise signals. In one embodiment, the current invention provides an apparatus and method of leak detection based at least in part on the following principles:
The applicant has appreciated that most installations, during their normal operation cycle, will by their operation emit background operating noise within an identifiable range. By way of example, it has been recognized that in the case of industrial steel furnaces such as an electric arc furnace (EAF furnace) the EAF furnace operating under normal conditions will emit acoustic noise signals with a frequency in the range of between 0 to less than 10 kHz. Similarly, the determination of the background noise frequency emitted by other individual industrial furnaces and/or ancillary equipment and other installations during their typical or optimum day-to-day operation may be easily identified through basic audio monitoring techniques.
The applicant has appreciated that it is possible to monitor acoustically not only the normal operation parameters of industrial furnaces, and which in the case of EAF furnaces would for example include melting and charging operations, but also using acoustic sensors to identify abnormal or potentially dangerous furnace operating parameters, such as water leaks, incomplete or ineffective oxygen and/or furnace fuel injection or input, and/or incomplete combustion and/or reaction. In a preferred aspect, it is envisioned that on detecting an abnormal operation event, the system would output an appropriate signal to notify an operator or more preferably initiate automatic safety protocols and/or adjust furnace controls or inputs to mitigate or ameliorate any defects or hazards.
More preferably, the invention provides a system and method of assessing fluid conduit and/or panel structure integrity by monitoring the acoustic response and/or variabilities of the fluid flow travelling inside the panel. Most preferably, the invention provides a system having at least one, and preferably two or more hydrophones or vibroacoustic sensors, which operate as audio transducer/receivers. The audio sensors are placed on, and more preferably within the conduit or pipe structure to be monitored, and preferably in contact with the travelling cooling fluid. To minimize background noise associated with fluid turbidity as the fluid flows through the conduit or pipe, the system most preferably operates so that the flow of fluid along the pipe is provided without an air space, and whereby the fluid is not provided as a free-surface or open channel flow. The applicant has appreciated that providing the fluid flow as a free-surfaceless pipe flow advantageously may minimize air entrainment and in-pipe turbidity which disadvantageously may result in the generation of undesirable secondary noise or acoustic signals.
In one embodiment, a system is operable whereby any deformation or defect occurring in the guiding conduit or structure along which fluid flow travels will affect the flow propagation characteristics and, consequently, pressure or audio waves travelling within the fluid itself. As such, by monitoring and detecting changes or variations in signals or waves transmitted along, through and/or across the fluid conduits at preselected acoustic frequencies, fluid leaks and flow irregularities may be identified.
In another embodiment, one or more acoustic transmitters or emitters are placed along, or more preferably directly within a fluid conduit or pipe, such as but not limited to the cooling fluid conduit of an industrial furnace cooling panel. The acoustic emitters are preferably omnidirectional transmitters, however linear and/or directional signal transmitters could also be used and operate to emit an output acoustic signal. One or more acoustic sensors are positioned along and preferably within the fluid conduit a distance from the signal transmitter to detect and sense the emitted acoustic signal. Most preferably at least an acoustic sensor is positioned at a downstream location spaced towards a mid-portion of the fluid flow stream, and separated a distance from the fluid conduit sidewall. Such positioning may advantageously reduce background noise issues associated with pipe and/or furnace cooling panel vibration.
In further embodiments, the system may operate whereby an acoustic signal emitter or transmitter assembly emits a known acoustic signal (waveform) or sound at one or more selected frequencies or frequency bands. An acoustic sensor assembly is operable to detect a preselected baseline frequency which is related to the emitted signal. In one possible operational mode, the acoustic sensors are operable to detect a change in one or more frequency or frequency bands in the emitted audio signal, or the presence of secondary acoustic frequencies or signals as an indicator of the presence of a fluid leak.
In one non-limiting embodiment, the acoustic transmitter or emitters are operable to emit one or more output acoustic signals at frequencies which are correlated to the resonance frequency of the fluid conduit or pipe. In one possible mode, the acoustic signals are output by the acoustic emitters at frequencies selected to preferentially propagate along the fluid conduit or pipe, so as to provide comparatively strong signal profile at one or more of the system audio transducer/receivers. The signal frequencies of the output signals may, in one possible simplified embodiment, be preselected by acoustic testing and/or experimental modelling to pre-identify frequency ranges which exhibit optimum propagation characteristics for a selected fluid conduit or pipe geometry or configuration.
In an alternate possible embodiment, the system may operate with the acoustic emitters and audio transducer/receivers to automatically initialize and/or recalibrate and select optimum frequencies for output and detection. In one non-limiting mode of operation, on initialization, and preferably also on a pre-set period of recalibration, the acoustic emitters operate to output a number of different test acoustic signals across a frequency spectrum range. In one mode, individual output frequencies may range from about 10 kHz to about 75 kHz at 1 to 5 kHz increments. The individual test output signals propagating along the pipe or conduit are respectively sensed by the system audio transducer/receivers. The signal strength of each individual test signal profile is then compared against one another, as for example by a system processor and memory. One or more preselected baseline frequencies are chosen on the basis of their propagation strength or other characteristics. In one possible mode, selected baseline frequencies for output are preferably chosen as signal frequencies which exhibit on a relative basis either stronger, or the strongest signal propagation along the fluid conduit or pipe between the signal emitters and the audio transducer/receivers. In an alternate possible mode, baseline signal frequencies may be preselected for output as the signal frequencies which provide a signal strength which exceeds an average or median signal strength of all test acoustic signals by a minimum threshold amount.
Optionally, following the initialization and/or recalibration of the system to identify the preselected optimum baseline frequencies, the acoustic signal emitter may be actuated to emit as the known acoustic signal, a signal tailored to the baseline frequency. In one mode, the acoustic sensors may be operable to detect in the specific baseline frequency which is directly output. In an alternate possible mode, the system may act in conjunction with the acoustic sensors to detect a change in the output main baseline frequency (f0) and/or one or more of its associated harmonic frequencies (i.e. f2=2f1; f3=3f1; and higher multiple harmonics).
In a further operational mode, the system is operable to emit the acoustic signal at a first location and having the preselected baseline frequency. The audio sensor assembly detects the emitted signal at a second location and outputs data signals used to identify when a selected component of the baseline frequency deviates from a preselected target or normal frequency by a threshold amount. On identifying such an occurrence, output to a user or a control system, a signal indicative of a particular installation operating parameter, and most preferably the presence of a likely cooling panel or conduit leak. Preferably, the system is operable to detect the emitted baseline frequency and identify whether one or more preselected frequency peaks thereof rises or lowers by a preselected threshold amount which is indicative of a possible conduit leak. The system may operate whereby the identification of one or more sensed target frequency peaks increases and/or drops by a factor of at least 2, preferably at least 5, and most preferably at least about 10 is used to indicate a potential leak.
Most preferably, the system is operable to detect water leaks in an EAF cooling panel or the like. Preferably, the system is provided with an audio signal emitter which is used to transmit an emitted audio signal with a target frequency range which is selected below, and more preferably above the background noise frequency of the EAF furnace. In a most preferred construction, the audio signal emitter is configured to emit and propagate the output audio signal along a cooling pipe of the cooling panel at a location spaced upstream from the audio system sensors.
It is further recognized that another embodiment of the present system the acoustic emitter transmitter assembly and/or the acoustic sensor assembly can each be extended to include multiple coupled signal emitters or transmitters and/or individual acoustic sensors or transducers.
Without limitation, the present invention thus provides various aspects, and which include:
1. A fluid leak detection system for detecting a fluid leak and preferably a coolant fluid or water leak, in a circuit assembly of an industrial furnace and/or ancillary equipment such as lances, tuyeres, casting moulds and the like; said circuit assembly including a conduit for receiving a flow of cooling fluid therealong, said cooling fluid thermally communicating with a portion of the equipment to be cooled, an acoustic emitter operable to emit and propagate an output acoustic signal along at least part of said conduit, said output acoustic signal including one or more preselected baseline frequency components in a frequency range selected above a background noise frequency of the industrial installation, an acoustic sensor(s) for receiving and sensing the emitted acoustic signal at a location along said conduit spaced from said acoustic emitter, the acoustic sensor operable to output data signals representative of the sensed emitted acoustic signal, a processor electronically communicating with said acoustic sensor, the processor including programme instructions operable to, compare whether one or more of the at least one baseline frequency components of the sensed emitted acoustic signal deviates from a respective preselected target frequency by a threshold amount; and on identifying the at least one compared baseline frequency component as deviating from the preselected target frequency by the threshold amount, outputting at least one of a signal indicative of a potential coolant fluid leak, and a control signal to effect a pre-selected safety protocol.
2. A monitoring and detection system for monitoring operating parameters of a fluid in an industrial application and/or installation, the industrial application and/or installation comprising a fluid conduit receiving a flow of fluid therealong, an acoustic emitter operable to emit and propagate an output acoustic signal along at least part of said conduit, said output acoustic signal including one or more preselected baseline frequency components in a frequency range selected above a background noise frequency of the industrial application, an acoustic sensor assembly disposed to receive and sense the emitted acoustic signal in said fluid flow, the sensed acoustic signal being in a frequency range above or below a background noise frequency range associated with the industrial application and/or installation, the acoustic sensor assembly operable to output data signals representative of the sensed acoustic signals, a processor electronically communicating with said acoustic sensor assembly, the processor including memory and programme instructions stored in memory operable to compare at least one frequency component of the sensed acoustic signal with at least one predetermined target frequency associated with an installation operating parameter, and where the compared frequency component of the sensed acoustic signal deviates from the target frequency by a threshold amount, generate an output signal indicating an operating status of the associated operating parameter and/or for controlling an operation of said industrial application and/or installation.
3. A water leak detection system for detecting a water coolant leak in a cooling panel of an electric arc furnace (EAF); said cooling panel including a cooling fluid conduit thermally communicating with a portion of the EAF to be cooled, the cooling-fluid conduit receiving a flow of water as a coolant flow therein, an acoustic emitter operable to emit an output acoustic signal into said coolant flow at a first location along said conduit, said output acoustic signal including a preselected baseline frequency component in a frequency range selected at between greater than about 10 kHz to about 100 kHz, and preferably between about 40 kHz to 75 kHz, an acoustic sensor assembly including at least one acoustic sensor disposed at a second location along said conduit spaced from said first location, said acoustic sensor operable to sense the emitted acoustic signal in said coolant flow and output data signals representative of the sensed emitted acoustic signal at the second location, a processor electronically communicating with said acoustic sensor assembly, the processor having memory and programme instructions stored in said memory operable to, compare whether the baseline frequency component of the sensed emitted acoustic signal deviates from preselected target frequency stored in said memory by a threshold amount; and on identifying that the compared baseline frequency component deviates from the preselected target frequency by the threshold amount, output at least one of a signal indicative of a potential water coolant fluid leak in the cooling panel and one or more control signals operable to effect an automated safety protocol for the EAF.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein the preselected baseline frequency component of the output acoustic signal is preselected having regarding to the resonance frequency of the at least part of the conduit.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein the preselected baseline frequency component has a signal frequency selected to preferentially propagate along said flow of a fluid, and preferably a cooling fluid.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said output acoustic signal comprises a pulsed signal having a pulse duration selected at between about 0.25 and 3 minutes, preferably 0.5 to 1 minutes, and a pulse repetition cycle of between about 1 to 5 minutes.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said processor includes memory, said preselected target frequencies being stored in memory, and said programme instructions further operate to perform on the sensed emitted acoustic signal at least one of signal amplification, time-series analysis, Fourier Transform (including short Fourier Transform), time-frequency analysis, spectral analysis, filtering theory, signal auto and cross correlation.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said industrial installation or furnace comprises an electric arc furnace (EAF), said cooling assembly comprises an EAF cooling panel, and said cooling fluid comprises water, the background noise frequency of the electric arc furnace being less than about 10 kHz, wherein the preselected baseline frequency components comprise target frequency bands is in a frequency range greater than about 10 kHz, preferably between about 10 kHz to about 100 kHz, and most preferably between about 40 kHz to about 75 kHz.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said flow of fluid along said conduit comprises a substantially free-surfaceless pipe flow, and wherein said acoustic emitter is positioned to emit said output acoustic signal within a central portion of said flow of fluid
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said acoustic sensor is positioned to receive and sense said emitted acoustic signal within said central portion flow of fluid at a location downstream from said acoustic emitter.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said conduit comprises a generally serpentine conduit segment, having a fluid inlet end portion and a fluid outlet end portion, the acoustic emitter being disposed in said fluid flow at a first upstream location proximate to the fluid inlet portion, and the acoustic sensor is disposed in said fluid flow at a second location spaced downstream from said first location spaced towards the outlet end portion.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said acoustic sensor is spaced along said conduit a distance that is commensurate with the application and in the most preferred application of between about 5 and 50 meters, and preferably 10 to 30 meters, from said acoustic emitter.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein the operating parameter is selected from the group consisting of a potential interruption in the flow of fluid and a potential loss of fluid, the system further including an acoustic emitter positioned to emit said acoustic signal as an emitted output acoustic signal within said fluid flow, the emitted output acoustic signal including a preselected baseline frequency component, the preselected baseline frequency component being selected above the background noise frequency range, and wherein the programme instructions are operable to compare said baseline frequency component of the sensed emitted acoustic signal with the at least one predetermined target frequency; and on identifying the compared baseline frequency component as deviating from the at least one predetermined target frequency by the threshold amount, the processor generating as the output signal, a signal indicative of the potential loss of fluid.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said acoustic sensor assembly includes an acoustic sensor positioned to receive and sense said acoustic signals within said fluid flow at a location downstream from said acoustic emitter.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said fluid conduit comprises a generally serpentinely extending conduit having a fluid inlet end and a fluid outlet end, the acoustic emitter being disposed towards said fluid inlet end, and the acoustic sensor assembly being disposed towards the fluid outlet end, and wherein flow of fluid comprises substantially free-surfaceless pipe flow.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein the industrial installation comprises a steel making furnace, and said coolant-fluid comprises water, and/or the operating parameters associated with the predetermined target frequencies being one or more selected from the group consisting of a carbon injection effect, a lance oxygen injection flow, a furnace combustion gas flow, and a cooling water leak.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein the operating parameters include steel furnace operating parameters selected from the group consisting of carbon injection effects, oxygen injection flow, and furnace combustion gas flow.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein the industrial installation comprises industrially cooled equipment such as furnaces, lances, injectors, fume ducts, tuyeres, panels, casting moulds, fluid compressors and the like and said coolant-fluid comprises water or the like, and the operating parameters associated with the predetermined target frequencies being one or more selected to determine a coolant-fluid leak.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said processor is operable to perform on the output data signals at least one of signal amplification, time-series analysis, Fourier Transform (including short Fourier Transform), time-frequency analysis, spectral analysis, filtering theory, signal auto and cross correlation. A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said fluid conduit comprises a serpentinely extending conduit portion, having an upstream inlet end portion and a downstream outlet end portion, and said flow comprising a substantially free-surfaceless flow.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said acoustic emitter comprises a transducer provided for positioning at a substantially central portion of the flow, and said at least one acoustic sensor includes a respective signal receiving portion disposed at said central portion of said flow.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said sensor assembly includes a plurality of said acoustic sensors spaced at different locations along said conduit.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein said system is operable on one or more of system initialization and periodic system recalibration to;
actuate said acoustic emitter to output a plurality of test acoustic signals, each of said test acoustic signals having an associated signal frequency,
detect the test acoustic signals with one or more of the acoustic sensors, and
compare the detected test acoustic signals, to identify the associated acoustic signal frequencies which are correlated to the resonance frequency of the conduit.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned or hereafter described aspects, wherein the target frequency bands and/or the baseline frequency component is in a frequency range selected at between about 48 and about 70 kHz.
A system in accordance with any of the aforementioned described aspects, wherein on identifying the acoustic signal frequencies correlated to the resonance frequency, the system outputting the emitted output acoustic signal at the identified acoustic frequency.
Reference may now be had to the following detailed description taken together with the accompanying drawings, in which:
The description below describes the methodology for the acoustic leak-detection system design in the preferred embodiment. It is understood that a similar methodology is applicable for design of acoustic leak-detection systems for other embodiments.
Reference may be had to
The target frequency (f0) is most preferably preselected to preferentially propagate along the cooling-fluid conduit 28 having regard to the resonance frequency of the pipe 30. The target frequency (f0) may be preselected by individually emitting and sensing a series of test signals at different known frequencies to identify frequencies which provide distinct, and preferable strongest signal propagation between the emitter 38 and detector 42. In an alternate embodiment, upon initial activation and/or on a timed or forced recalibration, the acoustic signal emitter 38 may be actuated to emit a series of test signals, with each having an associated signal frequency. Test signals may be output in 1 to 5 kHz frequency increments over a signal spectrum range ranging from between 10 kHz to 100 kHz. On the signal detector 42 sensing and outputting to the CPU 20 data signals representative of each test signal, the CPU 20 may be activated to automatically select the particular acoustic test signal So(t) as having the optimum target frequency for use. In one mode the test signal selected is chosen as the signal frequency which exhibits satisfactory propagation characteristics along the cooling-fluid conduit 28. Such characteristics may for example include, without limitation, signal frequencies which exhibit the strongest signal propagation between the signal emitter and signal detector, compared to a remainder of the test signals tested, and/or test signals at signal frequencies which have detected signal strengths which exceed the median or mean signal strength of the detected test signals by a threshold amount.
The signal receiver 42 is provided as a vibroacoustic sensor selected to receive vibrational and acoustic signals in the target frequency range generated by the signal emitter 38, to allow a comparison between any change in the known baseline source signal and the detected signal profiles. The signal emitter 38 is preferably mounted in proximity to the fluid inlet 32, and is positioned to emit output acoustic signals at a mid-portion of the water flow 101. The signal receiver 42 is preferably positioned upstream and adjacent to the fluid outlet 34, and so as to detect and receive acoustic signals at the mid-portion of the water flow 101.
As shown in
The signal receiver 42 is preferably calibrated to acquire vibroacoustic signals in the specific target baseline frequency band (f0) (receiver mode) and/or its harmonic frequencies (f1,f2 . . . ) correlated to the preselected emitted baseline frequency. In one possible mode of operation, harmonic frequencies for each baseline output signal are identified by Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem.
Given F0 the main frequency of a rectangular pulse, and FS the sampling frequency of the receiving device, the harmonics of the transmitted signal are
Reference may be had to
In the embodiment shown, the cooling panel array 16 is comprised of individual cooling panels 18a,18b,18c,18d. As shown best in
More particularly, each cooling panel 18 is provided as a water cooling panel which, for example, is used to form part of the EAF furnace wall 14. As shown in
Although
It is to be appreciated that in an alternate construction, the system 26 could be provided with multiple emitters 38 and/or more signal receivers 42, as well as a single sensor that includes emitting/receiving capabilities. By way of non-limiting example multiple receivers 42 could be provided at differing spaced locations along each pipe 30a,30b,30c . . . 30n of the coolant fluid flow path 100, for identifying variabilities in acoustic signal propagation along different flow path segments. In an alternate possible construction, multiple emitters 38 may be provided to either simultaneously or sequentially emit acoustic signals of different frequencies and/or for different durations for detection by one or more receivers 42.
a and 7b show a preferred construction of the acoustic signal emitter 38 used in the water detection system 26 shown in
a and 9b show the acoustic detector 42 as including an acoustic signal sensing transducer 78 mounted on a threaded support column 80. The sensing transducer 78 is preferably provided with a cylindrical elongated oval body profile selected to minimize turbulence and the formation of eddy currents in the water flow 101.
In use, the sensor/processor 44 is initially operated to effect the characterization of a baseline acoustic response between signal emitter 38 and the receiver assembly 40 for each cooling panel 18 at normal furnace operating conditions. By processing the sound measurements of the known signal source, the sensor processor 44 may thus process and characterize the acoustic channel response of the intact (not altered) guiding structure of the conduit 28.
By determining the acoustic channel response, the subsequent propagation and measurement of emitted sound signals by the acoustic detectors 42 allows for the analysis of the detected acoustic signals and resulting data to be processed to identify faulty or anomalies in the cooling panel structure occurring between the signal emitter 38 and acoustic detector 42 which may indicate a fracture which may be indicative of a pipe rupture or leak.
In a preferred mode, typical signal processing by the sensor processor 44 and/or CPU 20 may include, but is not limited to signal amplification, time-series analysis, Fourier Transform (including short Fourier Transform), time-frequency analysis, spectral analysis, filtering theory, signal auto and cross correlation. The leak detection system 26 thus exploits the use of acoustic signal receiver detectors 42 which operate to detect and acquire vibroacoustic signals or wave energy at the preselected target frequency travelling within the water flow 101 inside the cooling conduit 28.
As shown in
In operation, the acoustic source signal s0(t) is generated by the signal emitter 38 and propagated directly into and along the cooling water flow 101 travelling in the conduit 28. The signal detector 42 placed towards the outlet end 34 of the conduit 28 receives and measures the propagated source signal and/or its harmonic signals. By comparing the received signal and/or its harmonic signals with the emitted source signal, the acoustic responses hAB(t) of the cooling conduit 28 may be estimated. The channel response may then be used to correlate the propagation features of the signal through cooling water flow 101 as it moves along the flow path 100 in a normal structure. This allows for the reduction in normal acoustic noise from the measurements obtained by signal receivers, and estimate the acoustic channel response hAB(t) from the known source signal s0(t).
Water leaks, ruptures, or other such anomalies happening at position z between the emitter 38 and a signal detector 42 will result in a distortion of the detected acoustic response hAB(t) recorded at the signal detector 42. The comparison between the measured signals at the signal detector 42 allows the detection of the panel structure anomaly, and the output by the sensor processor 44 and/or CPU 20 of a warning and/or control signal to the furnace 12 indicative and/or responsive to a detected water leak.
Reference may be had to
In experimental testing shown best with reference to
As shown best graphically in
It has been recognized that on identifying a change in a sensed target frequencies within the emitted baseline signal, the system may operate to provide to a user or an automatic controller, a signal indicative of a likely fluid leak.
While
Although
The applicant has appreciated that in another operating mode, the system 26 may be used to monitor the ongoing operating parameters of the EAF furnace 12. In particular, the applicant has recognized that the acoustic signal receiver assembly 40 may be used to continuously monitor the background noise which is emitted by the furnace 12. The background noise signals received may be compared with a prestored signal profile which is representative of a background noise profile emitted by the furnace during optimum and/or normal operations. Deviations between the detected background noise signal and the stored background noise signal may advantageously be used to identify other “fault” operating conditions.
By way of examples,
While the detailed description describes each cooling panel 18 as having its own signal emitter 38 and processor 44, the invention is not so limited. In another embodiment it may be possible to use a single signal emitter 38 or sound source and/or signal sensor processor 44 for monitoring multiple cooling panels 18. The signal processing allows for the identification of water leaks between the emitter and acoustic detectors and/or in the case of multiple detectors 42, between any two signal detector/receivers.
Although the detailed description describes various preferred embodiments in accordance with the best mode of the invention, the invention is not strictly limited to the express construction which is described. Many variations and modifications will now occur to persons skilled in the art.
This application claims priority and the benefit of 35 USC § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/481,753, filed 5 Apr. 2017, and which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA2018/000033 | 2/22/2018 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018/184089 | 10/11/2018 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200386648 A1 | Dec 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62481753 | Apr 2017 | US |
