Patent Application
20150347759
Software application developers use a variety of techniques to protect their applications from unauthorized use and malicious attacks. One such technique includes modeling or matching up the potential security threats with corresponding solutions, for an application that is under development. Traditionally, an application developer models security threats by manually listing the potential security threats and manually listing solutions to address each security threat for that particular application. In some cases, an application developer will model security threats by himself/herself, while in other cases the application developer will assemble a team of software architecture, or other subject matter, experts to discuss potential security issues for application, and to identify solutions for addressing the potential security threats. However, manually modeling security threats may confine the protection to the extent of an application developer's working knowledge of security threats. Additionally, modeling security threats can be a time-consuming procedure that adds procedural burdens or distractions that are above and beyond the substantive need to develop the application itself.
What is needed is a method and system that enables automating threat model generation for application developers.
In accordance with one embodiment, a method and system for automating threat model generation for an application includes identifying components of an application, receiving security information that identifies whether security measures were implemented within the application to secure the application against security threats, determining whether the security measures sufficiently address security risks associated with the security threats, and providing a threat model that includes a report that identifies components of the application that have been sufficiently (or insufficiently) secured from the security threats. In one embodiment, determining whether the security measures sufficiently address the security risks can include transmitting first queries, receiving responses to the first queries, and transmitting subsequent queries based at least in part on the responses to the first queries.
In one embodiment, determining whether the measures of the security information sufficiently address security risks associated with the list of security threats, further includes forwarding responses to queries to a subject matter expert or security expert to enable the subject matter expert or security expert to determine a sufficiency of the measures of the security information.
In one embodiment, the method and system also includes providing a graphical user interface to receive input associated with the application, and identifying the components of the application by receiving information regarding the components of the application through the graphical user interface.
In one embodiment, determining whether the measures of the security information sufficiently address security risks associated with the list of security threats includes determining whether the security information conforms with requirements of a security policy for the asset that is managed by the service provider.
Common reference numerals are used throughout the FIGS. and the detailed description to indicate like elements. One skilled in the art will readily recognize that the above FIGS. are examples and that other architectures, modes of operation, orders of operation, and elements/functions can be provided and implemented without departing from the characteristics and features of the invention, as set forth in the claims.
Embodiments will now be discussed with reference to the accompanying FIGS., which depict one or more exemplary embodiments. Embodiments may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, shown in the FIGS., and/or described below. Rather, these exemplary embodiments are provided to allow a complete disclosure that conveys the principles of the invention, as set forth in the claims, to those of skill in the art.
The INTRODUCTORY SYSTEM, HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE, USER INTERFACE, and PROCESS sections herein include systems and processes suitable for incorporating various embodiments of methods and systems for automating threat model generation for an application, according to various embodiments.
Introductory System
Herein, the term “production environment” includes the various components, or assets, used to deploy, implement, access, and use, a given application as that application is intended to be used. In various embodiments, production environments include multiple assets that are combined, communicatively coupled, virtually and/or physically connected, and/or associated with one another, to provide the production environment implementing the application.
As specific illustrative examples, the assets making up a given production environment can include, but are not limited to, one or more computing environments used to implement the application in the production environment such as a data center, a cloud computing environment, a dedicated hosting environment, and/or one or more other computing environments in which one or more assets used by the application in the production environment are implemented; one or more computing systems or computing entities used to implement the application in the production environment; one or more virtual assets used to implement the application in the production environment; one or more supervisory or control systems, such as hypervisors, or other monitoring and management systems, used to monitor and control assets and/or components of the production environment; one or more communications channels for sending and receiving data used to implement the application in the production environment; one or more access control systems for limiting access to various components of the production environment, such as firewalls and gateways; one or more traffic and/or routing systems used to direct, control, and/or buffer, data traffic to components of the production environment, such as routers and switches; one or more communications endpoint proxy systems used to buffer, process, and/or direct data traffic, such as load balancers or buffers; one or more secure communication protocols and/or endpoints used to encrypt/decrypt data, such as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocols, used to implement the application in the production environment; one or more databases used to store data in the production environment; one or more internal or external services used to implement the application in the production environment; one or more backend systems, such as backend servers or other hardware used to process data and implement the application in the production environment; one or more software systems used to implement the application in the production environment; and/or any other assets/components making up an actual production environment in which an application is deployed, implemented, accessed, and run, e.g., operated, as discussed herein, and/or as known in the art at the time of filing, and/or as developed after the time of filing.
As used herein, the terms “computing system”, “computing device”, and “computing entity”, include, but are not limited to, a virtual asset; a server computing system; a workstation; a desktop computing system; a mobile computing system, including, but not limited to, smart phones, portable devices, and/or devices worn or carried by a user; a database system or storage cluster; a switching system; a router; any hardware system; any communications system; any form of proxy system; a gateway system; a firewall system; a load balancing system; or any device, subsystem, or mechanism that includes components that can execute all, or part, of any one of the processes and/or operations as described herein.
In addition, as used herein, the terms computing system and computing entity, can denote, but are not limited to, systems made up of multiple: virtual assets; server computing systems; workstations; desktop computing systems; mobile computing systems; database systems or storage clusters; switching systems; routers; hardware systems; communications systems; proxy systems; gateway systems; firewall systems; load balancing systems; or any devices that can be used to perform the processes and/or operations as described herein.
As used herein, the term “computing environment” includes, but is not limited to, a logical or physical grouping of connected or networked computing systems and/or virtual assets using the same infrastructure and systems such as, but not limited to, hardware systems, software systems, and networking/communications systems. Typically, computing environments are either known environments, e.g., “trusted” environments, or unknown, e.g., “untrusted” environments. Typically, trusted computing environments are those where the assets, infrastructure, communication and networking systems, and security systems associated with the computing systems and/or virtual assets making up the trusted computing environment, are either under the control of, or known to, a party. Examples of trusted computing environments include the assets and components making up data centers associated with, and/or controlled by, an application and/or any computing systems and/or virtual assets, and/or networks of computing systems and/or virtual assets, associated with, known by, and/or controlled by, an application.
In contrast, unknown, or untrusted computing environments are environments and systems where the assets, components, infrastructure, communication and networking systems, and security systems implemented and associated with the computing systems and/or virtual assets making up the untrusted computing environment, are not under the control of, and/or are not known by, a party, and/or are dynamically configured with new elements capable of being added that are unknown to the party. Examples of untrusted computing environments include, but are not limited to, public networks, such as the Internet, various cloud-based computing environments, and various other forms of distributed computing systems.
In various embodiments, each computing environment includes allocated assets and virtual assets associated with, and controlled or used to create, and/or deploy, and/or operate an application.
It is often the case that to create, and/or deploy, and/or operate, application data must be transferred between a first computing environment that is an untrusted computing environment and a trusted computing environment. However, in other situations a party may wish to transfer data between two trusted computing environments, and/or two untrusted computing environments.
In various embodiments, one or more cloud computing environments are used to create, and/or deploy, and/or operate an application that can be any form of cloud computing environment, such as, but not limited to, a public cloud; a private cloud; a virtual private network (VPN); a subnet; a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC); a sub-net or any security/communications grouping; or any other cloud-based infrastructure, sub-structure, or architecture, as discussed herein, and/or as known in the art at the time of filing, and/or as developed after the time of filing.
In many cases, a given application or service may utilize, and interface with, multiple cloud computing environments, such as multiple VPCs, in the course of being created, and/or deployed, and/or operated.
As used herein, the term “virtual asset” includes any virtualized entity or resource, and/or virtualized part of an actual, or “bare metal” entity. In various embodiments, the virtual assets can be, but are not limited to, virtual machines, virtual servers, and instances implemented in a cloud computing environment; databases associated with a cloud computing environment, and/or implemented in a cloud computing environment; services associated with, and/or delivered through, a cloud computing environment; communications systems used with, part of, or provided through, a cloud computing environment; and/or any other virtualized assets and/or sub-systems of “bare metal” physical devices such as mobile devices, remote sensors, laptops, desktops, point-of-sale devices, ATMs, electronic voting machines, etc., located within a data center, within a cloud computing environment, and/or any other physical or logical location, as discussed herein, and/or as known/available in the art at the time of filing, and/or as developed/made available after the time of filing.
In various embodiments, any, or all, of the assets making up a given production environment discussed herein, and/or as known in the art at the time of filing, and/or as developed after the time of filing, can be implemented as virtual assets.
Typically, virtual assets are created, or instantiated, using steps, instructions, processes, code, or “recipes” referred to herein as “virtual asset creation templates.” Typically, virtual assets that have the same, or similar, operational parameters are created using the same or similar “virtual asset creation templates.”
Examples of virtual asset creation templates include, but are not limited to, any tool and/or system for creating and managing a collection of related cloud resources. Illustrative examples of such a virtual asset creation template are any of the cloud formation templates/tools provided by Amazon Web Service (AWS), Rack Space, Joyent, and/or any other of the numerous cloud based infrastructure providers.
Other examples of virtual asset creation templates include, but are not limited to, any configuration management tool associated with, and/or used to create, virtual assets. One specific illustrative example of such a virtual asset creation template is a cookbook or recipe tool such as a Chef Recipe or system or any other fundamental element, or set of elements, used to override the default settings on a node within an infrastructure or architecture.
Other examples of virtual asset creation templates include, but are not limited to, any virtual appliance used to instantiate virtual assets. One specific illustrative example of such a virtual asset creation template is an Amazon Machine Image (AMI), and/or similar functionality provided by Amazon Web Service (AWS), Rack Space, Joyent, and/or any other of the numerous cloud based infrastructure providers.
Other examples of virtual asset creation templates include, but are not limited to, any appliance, or tool, or system, or framework, used to instantiate virtual assets as discussed herein, and/or as known/available in the art at the time of filing, and/or as developed/made available after the time of filing.
Herein virtual assets that have the same, or similar, operational parameters and are created by the same or similar virtual asset creation template are generically referred to as virtual assets of the same “class.” Examples of virtual asset classes include, but are not limited to, virtual machine classes; virtual server classes; virtual database or data store classes; self-monitoring virtual assets including specific types of instances instantiated in a cloud environment; application development process classes; and application classes.
In one embodiment, two or more assets, such as computing systems and/or virtual assets, and/or two or more computing environments, are connected by one or more communications channels including but not limited to, Secure Sockets Layer communications channels and various other secure communications channels, and/or distributed computing system networks, such as, but not limited to: a public cloud; a private cloud; a virtual private network (VPN); a subnet; any general network, communications network, or general network/communications network system; a combination of different network types; a public network; a private network; a satellite network; a cable network; or any other network capable of allowing communication between two or more assets, computing systems, and/or virtual assets, as discussed herein, and/or available or known at the time of filing, and/or as developed after the time of filing.
As used herein, the term “network” includes, but is not limited to, any network or network system such as, but not limited to, a peer-to-peer network, a hybrid peer-to-peer network, a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a public network, such as the Internet, a private network, a cellular network, any general network, communications network, or general network/communications network system; a wireless network; a wired network; a wireless and wired combination network; a satellite network; a cable network; any combination of different network types; or any other system capable of allowing communication between two or more assets, virtual assets, and/or computing systems, whether available or known at the time of filing or as later developed.
As used herein, the term “user” includes, but is not limited to, any party, parties, entity, and/or entities using, or otherwise interacting with any of the methods or systems discussed herein. For instance, in various embodiments, a user can be, but is not limited to, a person, a commercial entity, an application, a service, and/or a computing system.
As used herein, the term “tenant” includes, but is not limited to, any user that enters a relationship, agreement, and/or contract, with an asset service provider or other service provider to receive an allocation of one or more assets or asset resources within an asset computing environment. In some embodiments, the terms “tenant” and “tenant computing environment” are interchangeably used even though, in some cases, a tenant represents a party, parties, or entities while the tenant computing environment represents one or more computing resources that are used by or that are at least partially under the control of the tenant.
Hardware Architecture
An asset service provider may require that a tenant of the service provider's assets comply with one or more security-related criteria before or while hosting an application on the surface provider's assets. As used herein, a tenant of an asset may be, but is not limited to, a customer or authorized person or organization to which one or more instances or computing resources of an asset are allocated for use, e.g., for running or hosting a software application. The asset service provider may want to standardize and customize processes for confirming that a tenant or tenant's developer has adequately or sufficiently identified and addressed security threats that the tenant's application may be particularly susceptible to. The asset service provider may therefore request responses from the tenant for a variety of questions related to the tenant's application. According to one embodiment, the asset service provider may execute a threat model generator to ensure that the tenant has considered and/or addressed security threats that are associated with or pertinent to the tenant's application.
According to one embodiment, to improve the security of its application, a tenant may solicit use of a threat model generator during the development of an application that the tenant wishes to host, execute, or run on one or more assets of the asset service provider. The threat model generator may be configured to provide a customized list of questions to the tenant, receive responses to the questions from the tenant, and provide one or more reports or diagrams to the tenant that identify aspects of an application that have been sufficiently secured from security threats. The one or more reports or diagrams also identify aspects of an application that have not been sufficiently secured from security threats, from the perspective of the asset service provider, according to one embodiment.
The production environment 100 provides automated threat model generation for an application using one or more computing environments described hereinafter, according to various embodiments. Although each of the computing environments of production environment 100 are illustrated as distinct components, one or more of the computing environments may be physically and/or functionally combined. Alternatively, as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, in some embodiments the logical functions or modules that are grouped together by the illustrated computing environments may be physically and/or functionally separated into additional computing environments that are not presently shown. According to one embodiment, the production environment 100 includes an asset computing environment 110, a computing environment 120, a computing environment 130, an asset service provider computing environment 140, and a security service provider computing environment 160.
The asset computing environment 110 provides hardware, software, and/or virtual resources and assets to customers of the service provider, according to one embodiment. The assets or resources of the asset computing environment 110 may be assigned or allocated to the tenant associated with the tenant computing environment 120, in response to one or more of tenants entering an agreement, contract, or other relationship with the service provider, according to one embodiment. As described above in the INTRODUCTORY SYSTEM section, assets can include virtual and non-virtual assets and can be, but are not limited to, virtual machines, virtual servers, databases, services associated with cloud computing, communications systems, mobile devices, sensors, various computing systems and other physical or logical portions of a data center, according to various embodiments. In one embodiment, the asset service provider enables tenants to manage, create, or instantiate an instance of hardware, firmware, and/or software resources for hosting a tenant's application(s). The asset computing environment 110 includes a multi-tenant asset 111 that hosts applications 112 and 113, and a dedicated asset 114 that hosts an application 115, according to various embodiments. Although two assets 111 and 114 are illustrated in the production environment 100, in various embodiments, a greater or fewer number of multi-tenant or dedicated assets may be included in the asset computing environment 110, according to other embodiments.
According to various embodiments, each of the applications and assets of the asset computing environment 110 can perform a particular function and/or have a particular relationship with the computing environment 120. In one embodiment, the multi-tenant asset 111 and the applications 112, 113 provide computing services for a tenant 121 of the computing environment 120 and for one or more other tenants that may be associated with other computing environments (not shown). For example, the multi-tenant asset 111 and the application 112, 113 can provide database hosting, information management/security, file transfer, or other computing services for both the tenant 121 and another tenant. In one embodiment, the multi-tenant asset 111 allows tenants to execute, host, and/or run applications, e.g., the application 112, 113, from the resources of the multi-tenant asset 111. For example, the multi-tenant asset 111 may host the application 112 for one tenant, while concurrently hosting the application 113 for another tenant, from the same hardware and/or software resources within the asset computing environment 110. The applications 112 and 113 may be independent of one another while sharing storage space, network resources, computer processors, random access memory, server rack storage space, or other resources of the multi-tenant asset 111. In one embodiment, the multi-tenant asset 111 provides resources that enable multiple tenants to jointly provide users with services through the application 112. In one particular example, the application 112 may be configured to receive, store, and organize financial data for a user 131 of a computing environment 130, according to one embodiment.
The dedicated asset 114 provides computing services for a single tenant, such as the tenant 121 or a developer 122 of the computing environment 120. In one embodiment, the dedicated asset 114 includes hardware or software resources that are allocated to the single tenant and not shared with other tenants or customers associated with the asset computing environment 110. For example, the dedicated asset 114 can include hardware or software resources such as a non-volatile memory, a server, a server cabinet, an operating system, a virtual device, or other asset or virtual asset, according to one embodiment. The dedicated asset 114 can be configured to host or execute the application 115 for the tenant 121 or the developer 122. The dedicated asset 114 can host the application 115 to make the application 115 available to a number of users, such as the user 131, without providing the users with direct access to the computing environment 120 or to other computing resources of the tenant 121 or the developer 122.
The computing environment 120 represents a computing environment of a tenant or customer of the service provider, e.g., the tenant 121, according to one embodiment. The computing environment 120 may be owned, operated, or be under the direction or control of the tenant 121, and the tenant 121 may represent any one of a number of types of customers. According to various embodiments, the tenant 121 includes, but is not limited to, one or more individuals, families, small/medium/large businesses, educational institutions, organizations, entities, or parties. The computing environment 120 includes the tenant 121, the developer 122, and the application 123.
The developer 122 includes, but is not limited to, one or more application developers or one or more application developer computing devices that may create, manage, manipulate, edit, upload, maintain, or otherwise take part in developing, updating, and/or maintaining the applications 112, 113, 115, and/or 123. In one embodiment, the application 123 represents an application that is under development, e.g., in the planning phase, coding phase, or testing phase, prior to inserting into an asset or instance of an asset of the asset computing device 110. In one embodiment, the applications 112, 113, and/or 115 represent applications that are have already been transferred from a development computing environment and are being executed or are capable of being executed by an asset or an instance of an asset.
The computing environment 130 includes one or more users that may have contractual or other relationships with the tenant 121 to use or receive services from one or more applications 112, 113, and/or 115. The computing environment 130 includes the user 131, according to one embodiment. As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the computing environment 130 may include more users than illustrated in the production environment 100. In one embodiment, the user 131 receives information or services through the multi-tenant asset 111 or the dedicated asset 114 as a client or customer of the tenant 121 or of the developer 122.
A communication channel 132 provides communicative coupling between the asset computing environment 110, the computing environment 120, the computing environment 130, the asset service provider computing environment 140, and the security service provider computing environment 160, according to one embodiment. The communication channel 132 can be a network within the production environment 100 and can include, but is not be limited to, a local area network, a wide area network, a wireless network, the Internet, an intranet, or other network or communications protocols or environments, according to various embodiments.
The asset service provider computing environment 140 assigns or allocates control over one or more assets or portions of assets in the asset computing environment 110 to the computing environment 120, e.g., the tenant computing environment, according to one embodiment. The asset service provider computing environment 140 may allocate control over assets, within the asset computing environment 110, to the computing environment 120 by creating one or more user accounts having, for example, permission levels associated with a ‘tenant’ or ‘customer’. In one embodiment, the tenant or customer permission levels may be different than the permission levels of other non-tenant users and may enable the tenant 121, the developer 122, and/or the computing environment 120 to add, remove, modify, protect, or otherwise manipulate information within the asset computing environment 110. In other words, the service provider may enable a first tenant to add, remove, view, or otherwise manipulate the first tenant's data stored in the asset computing environment 110 and may enable a second tenant to add, remove, view, or otherwise manipulate the second tenant's data stored in the asset computing environment 110. In some implementations, the tenant 121 may use authentication information received from the asset service provider to “log in” to assets or instances of the assets allocated to the tenant 121 from any computing system or environment, and is not limited to accessing the asset computing environment 110 solely from the computing environment 120. In one embodiment, the features or functionality of the asset service provider computing environment 140 are incorporated into the asset computing environment 110.
In addition to allocating and managing assets of the asset computing environment 110, the asset service provider computing environment 140 also maintains the security of the asset computing environment 110, according to one embodiment. The asset service provider computing environment 140 maintains the security of the asset computing environment 110 by ensuring that applications hosted by assets or instances within the asset computing environment 110 satisfy one or more conditions that are determined or set forth by the service provider, e.g., via the asset service provider computing environment 140, according to one embodiment. More particularly, the asset service provider computing environment 140 maintains the security of the asset computing environment 110 by executing a threat model generator 141 and a security threat policy manager 142, according to one embodiment.
The threat model generator 141 includes several modules or features for developing and maintaining a threat model library 143 and for determining whether new or existing applications satisfy security-related conditions set forth by the asset service provider. According to one embodiment, and as described in further detail below, the threat model generator 141 analyzes new and existing applications, e.g., the applications 123, 112, 113, 115, by automating threat model generation for the applications. The threat model generator 141 automates threat model generation by providing one or more adaptable and customized threat model questionnaires or templates to developers, e.g., the developer 122. The threat model generator 141 includes a threat acquisition module 144, a threat model generation engine 145, a questions bank 146, a support request module 147, and a user interface 148, according to one embodiment.
The threat model generator 141 uses the threat acquisition module 144 to update and maintain the threat model library 143, according to one embodiment. The threat model library 143 is a database, table, or other data structure configured to organize and store security threats identified by the threat model generator 141, e.g., through the threat acquisition module 144. The threat acquisition module 144 populates the threat model library 143 with publicly identified or known security threats and with security threats that have been identified by the service provider.
The threat acquisition module 144 populates the threat model library 143 using an external threats module 149 and a detected threats module 150, according to one embodiment. The threat acquisition module 144 uses the external threats module 149 to, for example, query publicly or privately available security threat repositories or security threat databases or banks. For example, the external threats module 149 may be configured to purchase access to a security threat repository from one or more security service providers, such as the security service provider computing environment 160. The acquired list of publicly known or publicly available security threats may include names, content, characteristics, signatures, and solutions for the identified and acquired security threats. In other words, by acquiring information regarding security threats from an external source, the external threats module 149 can populate the threat model library 143 with information that is useful for identifying how security threats are used and for identifying how to protect or secure an application from security threats, according to various embodiments.
The threat acquisition module 144 uses the detected threats module 150 to populate the threat model library 143 with information regarding security threats that have been discovered or identified by the asset service provider, according to one embodiment. For example, the detected threats module 150 can be configured to receive security threat updates manually or automatically from an information security team of the service provider. In some embodiments, the information security team of the service provider monitors the assets of the asset computing environment 110 and notifies the detected threats module 150 of any new actual or potential security threats to the applications hosted by the assets or to hardware/software components of the assets, according to one embodiment. Upon receipt of newly identified, defined, or detected security threats, the detected threats module 150 can be configured to update the threat model library 143 to reflect the newly identified, defined, or detected security threats, according to one embodiment.
The threat model generator 141 uses the threat model generation engine 145 to receive security information for an application and to determine and/or indicate the sufficiency or adequacy of the security information, according to one embodiment. The threat model generation engine 145 can be configured to transmit questions from the question bank 146 to the developer 122 through the user interface 148 to determine various characteristics of the application 123, 112, 113, or 115. In particular example, the threat model generation engine 145 can be configured to use the model inputs module 151 of the user interface 148 to display questions and receive answers or responses from the developer 122. According to what the developer is attempting to accomplish, the questions can be directed towards the application 123 that is under development, or the questions can be directed towards the application 112, 113, or 115 that is mature and that is being modified. An example of a threat model questionnaire or template that may be generated through the user interface 148 is discussed in more detail below and illustrated in
The threat model generator 141 uses the support request module 147 and the output diagram module 152 to determine a sufficiency of security measures included in an application (e.g., application 112, 113, 115, or 123), and to indicate or report the determined sufficiency (or insufficiency) to the developer 122 or to another user, according to one embodiment. Threat model generation engine 145 uses the questions bank 146 and the model inputs module 151 to inquire as to whether security measures have been taken into to account for various types of threats such as spoofing, data tampering, denial of service, and the like. The threat model generation engine 145, through the questions from the questions bank 146, may also request that the developer 122 provide information regarding how the application is secured or protected from one or more security threats. For example, the threat model generation engine 145 may request or require that the developer 122 provide specific algorithms, pseudo-algorithms, or code to support the developer's assertion that the application is secure. The threat model generation engine 145 may communicate with the threat model library 143 to determine whether the responses received from the developer 122 match or resemble solutions to security threats that are stored in the threat model library 143. In some instances, the threat model generation engine 145 may be unable to automatically determine whether the security measures taken by the developer are adequate or to determine if the security measures resemble the measures or solutions stored in the threat model library 143. In these example situations, the threat model generation engine 145 can be configured to use the support request module 147 to automatically acquire additional support, or automatically request input, from one or more human resources, according to one embodiment.
The support request module 147 may forward one or more responses received from the developer 122 to a programmable service, securities expert, or other human resource to check, evaluate, and/or determine the adequacy of the response received from the developer 122. Some programmable services operate by posting tasks to a website that allows one of a number of users to look up an answer or provide a consultation regarding a query, for a nominal and predetermined fixed fee. Additionally and/or alternatively, the support request module 147 can be selectively configured to transmit or forward responses from the developer 122, which the threat model generation engine 145 does not recognize, to a computing security expert. For example, the asset service provider may have a pre-established relationship with one or more computer security experts and the support request module 147 may forward a response from the developer 122 to one or more computer security experts for evaluation and/or analysis. The support request module 147 may forward responses received from programmable services and computer security experts to the threat model generation engine 145 so that the threat model generation engine 145 may update the threat model library 143 to reflect the newly acquired information and to facilitate automating future responses that resemble the response from the developer 122 that triggered the operation or execution of the support request module 147.
The threat model generation engine 145 may use the output diagram module 152 of the user interface 148 to identify, display, and/or generate a threat model for use by the developer 122, according to one embodiment. The output diagram module 152 may be configured to provide tables, charts, graphs, or other data structures that: identify portions or components of the application; identify security threats associated with the components of the application; and identify whether or not the application adequately or sufficiently is protected from enumerated or listed security threats. According to one embodiment, and as will be discussed in more detail below, the output diagram module 152 can be configured to generate the threat model report that is represented in
The asset service provider computing environment 140 uses the security threat policy manager 142 to authorize and reject the application 123 or modifications to the application 112, 113, or 115 at least partially based on whether the applications satisfy the security threat policy 153, according to one embodiment. The security threat policy 153 can, for example, specify one or more minimum requirements that an application must satisfy in order to be hosted by an asset of the asset computing environment 110. The one or more minimum requirements include, but are not limited to, whether the application or the components of the application are individually and/or holistically protected against tickle attacks, identity spoofing, data tampering, repudiation, information disclosure, denial of service, elevation of privilege, or any other currently known or later discovered computer security threats or malicious attacks. In one embodiment, the security threat policy 153 specifies that all security threats identified by the service provider must be sufficiently secured against or addressed in the application before the service provider authorizes the insertion or injection of the application into one or more assets of the asset computing environment 110. In another embodiment, the security threat policy 153 specifies a frequency by which an already operable or asset-hosted application must be reevaluated in light of newly discovered computer security threats, e.g., quarterly, semiannually, or annually, to ensure the security of tenant information, user information, and other application hosted by the assets. In one embodiment, the security threat policy 153 can include a requirement that the developer 122 run proposed modifications to the application 112, 113, or 115 through the threat model generator 141 prior to inserting any application updates or modifications into an asset or instance of the asset computing environment 110.
The security threat policy manager 142 may use a policy analytics engine 154 to determine whether the application 112, 113, 115, or 132 satisfies the requirements of the security threat policy 153. The policy analytics engine 154 may communicate with the threat model generator 141, e.g., the threat model generation engine 145, to determine whether information received about an application from the developer 122 satisfies the requirements of the security threat policy 153. In response to the results determined by the policy analytics engine 154, the security threat policy manager 142 may approve or reject authorization for the application 123 to be inserted into one of the assets of the asset computing environment 110, according to one embodiment. According to another embodiment, in response to the results determined by the policy analytics engine 154, the security threat policy manager 142 may approve or reject authorization for modifications or updates to the application 112, 113, or 115 to be inserted into one of the assets of the asset computing environment 110.
The security threat policy manager 142 uses a policy execution engine 155 to maintain the security of the asset computing environment 110 by approving or rejecting requests to authorize the insertion of an application or modification to an application from the computing environment 120 into the assets of the asset computing environment 110, according to one embodiment. The policy execution engine 155 may be configured to continuously run the background of the asset service provider computing environment 140, or it may be configured to periodically monitor each application hosted by the asset computing environment 110 or each application for which a request has been received to insert the application into the asset computing environment 110. In one embodiment, the policy execution engine 155 periodically, e.g., daily or weekly, evaluates existing applications to verify that the applications continue to satisfy the requirements of the security threat policy 153. If the policy execution engine 155 identifies an application that fails to satisfy the requirements of the security threat policy 153, the policy execution engine 155 can notify the tenant, developer, or owner or the application and can terminate execution of the application until the deficiency is resolved, according to one embodiment.
Although the threat model generator 141 is fully described as integrated within the asset service provider computing environment 140, the threat model generator 141 may be installed or distributed in other computing environments within the production environment 100. For example, the threat model generator 141 may be a software package that is downloadable, deliverable, or installable onto the computing environment 120 for local use by the developer 122. In another embodiment, the threat model generator 141 is hosted by the asset computing environment 110 to provide application analysis and to provide threat model questionnaires and threat model reports to the developer 122 or other users, e.g., the user 131. In yet another embodiment, the security service provider computing environment 160 may host the threat model generator 141, instead of the asset service provider computing environment 140. In this embodiment, the security service provider computing environment 160 develops and hosts the threat model generator 141 for the benefit of the developer 122 and for the benefit of the assets of the asset service provider. The threat model generator 141, while hosted by the security service provider computing environment 160, can be configured to communicate with the security threat policy manager 142 and other components within the asset service provider computing environment 140, in order to provide a fully integrated threat modeling product to users, such as the tenant 121 and/or the developer 122.
User Interface
The first question 210 is used to acquire general information about the type of application or the subject matter of the application, according to one embodiment. Examples of application types include, but are not limited to, a survey 211, a marketplace 212, a blog 213, financial service 214, educational 215, or another user-identifiable type of application 216. Each of the illustrated types of applications can include a radio button, a check box, a selected menu, or other user interface selection tool that enables the developer 122 or other user to identify one or more types of applications.
The second question 220 is used to acquire information regarding the configuration of the asset or assets that currently host the application or that will host the application, according to one embodiment. The second question 220 can employ various techniques to enable the developer 122 to provide configuration information about a hosting asset. The second question 220 can include an asset metadata upload button 221 that enables the developer 122 to upload a file from the computing environment 120 that identifies the configuration and/or characteristics of an asset, according to one embodiment. For example, the file can include, but is not limited to, the capacity, speed, feature sets, processor generation, quantity of processors, and/or processor brand for the asset. The second question 220 can include a text box 222 to enable the developer 122 to manually enter the various information about the hardware or software configurations of the particular asset, according to one embodiment. The second question 220 can also include one or more drop-down menus 223, 224 to allow the developer 122 to select from one or more predetermined configurations that may be offered by the asset service provider, according to one embodiment. For example, drop-down menu 223 may identify service provider-defined asset categories, such as “storage optimized”, “general purpose”, “optimized”, and/or “GPU instance”. Furthermore, to describe the memory capacity, number of processors, and processor speeds, the drop-down menu 224 may identify service provider-defined sizes of assets, such as “medium”, “small”, “large”, and/or “x-large”. By providing pre-populated drop-down menus 223, 224, the threat model generator 141 can assist the developer 122 in identifying asset configurations that are available from the asset service provider for hosting the application. In some embodiments, more or less information regarding the assets is provided in the drop-down menus 223, 224, such as, processor speeds, number of processors, volatile memory capacities, non-volatile memory capacities, processor brands, processor generations, and the like.
The third question 230 can be used to acquire additional specific information about components of the application, according to one embodiment. For example, the third question 230 can include a text box 231 for the developer 122 to enter a number of application programming interfaces (“APIs”). The third question 230 can also include a drop-down menu 232 that identifies each of the API types that are used. In one implementation, the drop-down menu 232 can include one or more check boxes or other graphical user interface tools to acquire accurate API type information from the developer 122. The third question 230 can also include additional follow-up questions regarding each of the APIs, such as “for each API, is each API parameter checked for validity.” For example, if one API parameter has an integer range of 0-9, the third question 230 can be used to ensure that the developer 122 ensure that the value entered for a particular parameter is within the defined or predetermined range. The third question 230 can include a menu 233 to enable the developer 122 to submit an answer to the follow-up questions.
The threat model generation engine 145 populates the threat model questionnaire 200 with a fourth question 240, according to one embodiment. The threat model generation engine 145 populates the threat model questionnaire 200 at least partially based on responses to previous questions, e.g., the first question 210 and/or the third question 230, according to one embodiment. The fourth question 240 can include a request that the developer 122 identify APIs that are specifically configured to collect information from users, according to one embodiment. To receive a response from the developer 122, the fourth question 240 can include a text box 241 or other graphical user interface information entry tools. Subsequently, the fourth question 240 can include subcategories of follow-up questions that specifically enumerate and/or identify types of security threats that the developer should be aware of and should secure the application against. As particular examples, the fourth question 240 can include follow-up questions and selection menus 242 to identify particular types of security threats the API for the application should be protected from. The follow-up questions the selection menus 242 can include questions relating to, for example, “tickle attack”, “spoofing identity”, “tampering with data”, “repudiation”, “information disclosure”, “denial of service”, “elevation of privilege”, “password sniffing”, and/or other categories or subcategories of security threats, according to various embodiments.
At least partially based on one or more of the questions 210, 220, 230, 240, the threat model generation engine 145 can populate the threat model questionnaire 200 with one or more additional questions 250. For example, the additional questions 250 can be used to request further information from the developer 122 as to how the developer 122 secures the application against the one or more security threats identified in the threat model questionnaire 200, according to one embodiment. For example, if the threat model generation engine 145 determines that one or more APIs or other components of an application are susceptible to denial of service attacks because the application appears to support an insufficient number of ports or connections, the additional questions 250 may be configured to assist the developer in identifying: if the application has an adequate number of connections, if the application is adequately sized, or if the application includes adequate features, e.g., traffic throttling. The additional questions 250 can be used to request further information from the developer 122 to identify what changes the developer intends to implement in an application, e.g., the application 112, 113, or 115, which is already hosted by an asset in the asset computing environment 110. As described above in connection with the threat model generation engine 145, the support request module 147 may utilize programmable services or other human resources, such as an information security expert, to evaluate the adequacy of security threat prevention measures proposed by the developer 122. In some instances, the programmable service or other human resource may have follow-on questions or inquiries that the support request module 147 may be configured to forward to the developer 122. In one embodiment, the threat model generation engine 145 uses the model inputs module 151 to deliver follow-on questions from programmable services or other human resources directly to the developer 122 for response. By automating security threat questions, the asset service provider can protect applications belonging to multiple tenants that are sharing a common computing environment or that are sharing assets within a common computing environment. By automating security threat questions and providing these questions to the developer, the service provider adds additional value to the services it makes available to its tenants or potential customers, which may help the service provider distinguish itself from its competition.
The threat model report 300 includes an application identification (“ID”) 301, a threat model table 310, and a threat model diagram 320 to enable the developer 122 or another user to quickly comprehend security weaknesses identified by the threat model generator 141, according to one embodiment. The threat model table 310 includes, but is not limited to, multiple columns and rows that identify parts of the application, the sufficiency of the security of each part of the application, and one or more recommended or suggested actions to take for insufficiently secured parts of the application. In one particular example, the threat model table 310 includes a list of APIs column 311, a security status column 312, and a suggested action column 313. The list of APIs column 311 can include each API identified by the developer 122, or can include other functional or organizational components of the application. The security status column 312 provides an indication of the analysis of the service provider computing environment 140 for the application 123. As shown, example entries in the security status column 312 include, but are not limited to, “pass”, “fail”, “weak”, “strong”, “secured”, “not secured”, and the like, according to various embodiments. The suggested action column 313 can be used by the asset service provider computing environment 140 to assist the developer 122 to update or modify the application to satisfy the standards or requirements set forth by the asset service provider. Each of the rows 314, 315, 316, and 317 can represent a different API or component of the application. The row 317 identifies and API “D” that has been identified as not secure under the security status column 312. Additionally, the suggested action column 313 for the API “D” includes a recommendation for adding support for multiple connections to the application to provide additional protection against denial of service attacks. While one specific suggested action and row/column configuration is illustrated, one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that more or less rows and columns can be used to provide a threat model table 310 to assist the developer 122 in improving the security of an application.
The threat model diagram 320 provides a graphical representation of the level of security of the application with regards to various particular security threats, according to one embodiment. The threat model diagram 320 includes the application ID 301 centrically position with respect to a number of security threats 321-328. The security threats 321-328 that are illustrated include, as examples, URL misinterpretation 321, directory browsing 322, reverse proxying 323, Java decompilation 324, SQL query poisoning 325, session hijacking 326, elevation of privilege 327, and denial of service 328. Associated with each illustrated security threat and the application are threat strength indicators 329. The threat strength indicators 329 can include, but are not limited to, “pass”, “fail”, “weak”, “strong”, “okay”, “sufficient”, “insufficient”, “adequate”, “inadequate”, or the like. In some embodiments, the threat model diagram 320 is color-coordinated so that: security threats that have been sufficiently protected against are highlighted in green; security threats that have been insufficiently protected against are highlighted in red; and/or security threats that are marginally protected against are highlighted in yellow, according to one embodiment. Although the threat model diagram 320 is illustrated as having a circular shape, the threat model diagram 320 can be organized in any one of a number of different formats to relay the status and relationship of protection for the application against various security threats.
Process
At block 402, the process 400 begins.
At block 404, a computing environment identifies components of an application, according to one embodiment. The computing environment can be an asset service provider computing environment, a security service provider computing environment, an asset computing environment, and/or a computing environment used by a developer or other user, in accordance with various implementations of the process 400. The application is an application that is under development by developer, e.g., in the planning phase, in the coding phase, and/or the testing phase, or the application is an application that has already been inserted or injected into an instance or asset provided by the asset service provider. The components of the application can include APIs, functions, modules, or other logical/functional parts of the application. In one particular embodiment, identifying components of the application includes retrieving a list or other enumeration of the components from the developer of the application through a textual or graphical user interface. In some implementations, the computing environment also retrieves characteristics of the instance or asset into which the application is or will be inserted, so that the computing environment can take additional hardware, firmware, and/or software considerations into account while analyzing the security robustness of the application.
At block 406, the computing environment receives security information that identifies whether measures were taken within the application to secure the application against security threats, according to one embodiment. The computing environment receives the security information about the application from the developer through a user interface provided by the computing environment. The security information can be as simple as “yes” and “no” responses from the developer to questions such as, “is the application secured or protected from tickle attacks?” The security information can alternatively be more complex and include specific measures, e.g., coding techniques or algorithms, employed to defeat attacks from one or more enumerated security threats.
At block 408, the computing environment determines whether the measures sufficiently address security risks associated with the security threats by transmitting first queries, receiving responses to the first queries, and transmitting subsequent queries based at least in part on the responses to the first queries, according to one embodiment. In other words, the computing environment can be configured to provide a dynamic and/or customizable series of questions to the developer that are based at least in part on information or characteristics of the application, as received from the developer. Because the user interface can be implemented using a dialog box or a webpage, in one embodiment, the computing environment can dynamically append additional questions to a threat model questionnaire or template in what would appear to the developer to be real-time.
According to various embodiments, the computing environment can use any one of a number of software modules or partitions of code to generate and/or transmit the first queries and the subsequent queries to the developer. For example, the computing environment can include a threat model generator that creates and maintains a threat model library, e.g., a database of known or discovered security threats and their corresponding resolutions. The threat model generator can also be configured to deliver or provide questions to the developer from a questions bank in order to acquire more information about the application and to more accurately characterize the features and/or components of the application. The threat model generator can transmit or provide the questions from the question bank to the developer through a user interface which may be hosted by the threat model generator or by another component within the computing environment.
The threat model generator can be configured to selectively request assistance from human resources when query responses or other information is received from the developer, according to one embodiment. For example, the threat model generator may use a support request module to forward developer responses to human resources, e.g., a programmable services provider or a security expert, to assist the threat model generator in determining whether the developer's responses are reasonable, valid, pertinent, and/or sufficient to address one or more particular security threats. In one embodiment, the threat model generator is configured to use the support request module to solicit the assistance of human resources when a developer describes a solution to a security threat that is not already recorded or included in a threat model library maintained by the computing environment.
As described above, the threat model generator can auto-populate the threat model library or coordinate human resources to populate the threat model library. For example, to auto-populate the threat model library, the threat model generator can be configured to retrieve information from an online security threats archive, database, or repository, which may be provided by one or more computing security vendors or companies. The threat model generator can coordinate human resources to populate the threat model library by enabling the computing security team of the service provider, e.g., the asset service provider or the security service provider, to add security threats and their corresponding solutions/fixes, as the security team discovers the security threats within the asset computing environment, according to one embodiment.
At block 410, the computing environment provides a threat model that includes a report that identifies components of the application that have been sufficiently secured, and identifies components of the application that have been insufficiently secured, from the security threats. The report can include one or more tables, graphs, diagrams, charts, or other visual displays or representations of: the application (or components thereof); the security threats; and the security status of the application with regard to each of the security threats, according to one embodiment. In other embodiments, the report can include a list of components of the application and suggested or recommended remedial actions for improving the security of one or more of the components against attack from one or more particular security threats. As will be understood by those of skill in the art, other implementations of the threat model may include various other combinations of the application, components of the application, indications of the level of security for the components of the application, suggested remedial actions, modifications or fixes to the application to improve its security, and/or a list of security threats to which the application may be susceptible.
At block 412, the process 400 ends.
As noted above, the specific illustrative examples discussed above are but illustrative examples of implementations of embodiments of the method or process for automating threat model generation for an application. Those of skill in the art will readily recognize that other implementations and embodiments are possible. Therefore the discussion above should not be construed as a limitation on the claims provided below.
In the discussion above, certain aspects of one embodiment include process steps and/or operations and/or instructions described herein for illustrative purposes in a particular order and/or grouping. However, the particular order and/or grouping shown and discussed herein are illustrative only and not limiting. Those of skill in the art will recognize that other orders and/or grouping of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructions are possible and, in some embodiments, one or more of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructions discussed above can be combined and/or deleted. In addition, portions of one or more of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructions can be re-grouped as portions of one or more other of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructions discussed herein. Consequently, the particular order and/or grouping of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructions discussed herein do not limit the scope of the invention as claimed below.
As discussed in more detail above, using the above embodiments, with little or no modification and/or input, there is considerable flexibility, adaptability, and opportunity for customization to meet the specific needs of various parties under numerous circumstances.
In the discussion above, certain aspects of one embodiment include process steps and/or operations and/or instructions described herein for illustrative purposes in a particular order and/or grouping. However, the particular order and/or grouping shown and discussed herein are illustrative only and not limiting. Those of skill in the art will recognize that other orders and/or grouping of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructions are possible and, in some embodiments, one or more of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructions discussed above can be combined and/or deleted. In addition, portions of one or more of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructions can be re-grouped as portions of one or more other of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructions discussed herein. Consequently, the particular order and/or grouping of the process steps and/or operations and/or instructions discussed herein do not limit the scope of the invention as claimed below.
The present invention has been described in particular detail with respect to specific possible embodiments. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced in other embodiments. For example, the nomenclature used for components, capitalization of component designations and terms, the attributes, data structures, or any other programming or structural aspect is not significant, mandatory, or limiting, and the mechanisms that implement the invention or its features can have various different names, formats, or protocols. Further, the system or functionality of the invention may be implemented via various combinations of software and hardware, as described, or entirely in hardware elements. Also, particular divisions of functionality between the various components described herein are merely exemplary, and not mandatory or significant. Consequently, functions performed by a single component may, in other embodiments, be performed by multiple components, and functions performed by multiple components may, in other embodiments, be performed by a single component.
Some portions of the above description present the features of the present invention in terms of algorithms and symbolic representations of operations, or algorithm-like representations, of operations on information/data. These algorithmic or algorithm-like descriptions and representations are the means used by those of skill in the art to most effectively and efficiently convey the substance of their work to others of skill in the art. These operations, while described functionally or logically, are understood to be implemented by computer programs or computing systems. Furthermore, it has also proven convenient at times to refer to these arrangements of operations as steps or modules or by functional names, without loss of generality.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, as would be apparent from the above discussion, it is appreciated that throughout the above description, discussions utilizing terms such as, but not limited to, “activating”, “accessing”, “adding”, “aggregating”, “alerting”, “applying”, “analyzing”, “associating”, “calculating”, “capturing”, “categorizing”, “classifying”, “comparing”, “creating”, “defining”, “detecting”, “determining”, “distributing”, “eliminating”, “encrypting”, “extracting”, “filtering”, “forwarding”, “generating”, “identifying”, “implementing”, “informing”, “monitoring”, “obtaining”, “posting”, “processing”, “providing”, “receiving”, “requesting”, “saving”, “sending”, “storing”, “substituting”, “transferring”, “transforming”, “transmitting”, “using”, etc., refer to the action and process of a computing system or similar electronic device that manipulates and operates on data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computing system memories, resisters, caches or other information storage, transmission or display devices.
The present invention also relates to an apparatus or system for performing the operations described herein. This apparatus or system may be specifically constructed for the required purposes, or the apparatus or system can comprise a general purpose system selectively activated or configured/reconfigured by a computer program stored on a computer program product as discussed herein that can be accessed by a computing system or other device.
Those of skill in the art will readily recognize that the algorithms and operations presented herein are not inherently related to any particular computing system, computer architecture, computer or industry standard, or any other specific apparatus. Various general purpose systems may also be used with programs in accordance with the teaching herein, or it may prove more convenient/efficient to construct more specialized apparatuses to perform the required operations described herein. The required structure for a variety of these systems will be apparent to those of skill in the art, along with equivalent variations. In addition, the present invention is not described with reference to any particular programming language and it is appreciated that a variety of programming languages may be used to implement the teachings of the present invention as described herein, and any references to a specific language or languages are provided for illustrative purposes only and for enablement of the contemplated best mode of the invention at the time of filing.
The present invention is well suited to a wide variety of computer network systems operating over numerous topologies. Within this field, the configuration and management of large networks comprise storage devices and computers that are communicatively coupled to similar or dissimilar computers and storage devices over a private network, a LAN, a WAN, a private network, or a public network, such as the Internet.
It should also be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability, clarity and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Accordingly, the disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the claims below.
In addition, the operations shown in the FIGS., or as discussed herein, are identified using a particular nomenclature for ease of description and understanding, but other nomenclature is often used in the art to identify equivalent operations.
Therefore, numerous variations, whether explicitly provided for by the specification or implied by the specification or not, may be implemented by one of skill in the art in view of this disclosure.
