Claims
- 1. A method of breaking ice covering a body of water adjacent a structure, comprising the steps of:
- positioning a supply of water obtained from the body of water, on the structure above the ice; and
- discharging the supply of water through an unconstricted conduit onto the surface of the ice adjacent said structure at a sufficiently great volumetric rate for accumulating copious quantities of the water on the surface of the ice thus providing a heavy load thereon to thereby break the ice solely by the effect of the weight of the accumulated water and the thermal stress created within the ice by the water.
- 2. A method of breaking ice in accordance with claim 1 wherein the step of discharging said water further comprises oscillatorily varying the discharge of said water onto said ice.
- 3. A method of breaking ice in accordance with claim 2 wherein the step of varying the discharge of water comprises changing the rate of discharging said water onto said ice.
- 4. A method of breaking ice in accordance with claim 2 wherein the step of varying the discharge of water comprises changing the lateral position of discharging said water onto said ice.
- 5. A method of breaking ice in accordance with claim 1 further including the step of forcing said ice downwardly with a portion of the structure when said ice and said structure are brought into contact by relative motion between said ice and said structure.
- 6. A method of breaking ice in accordance with claim 2 wherein the step of varying the discharge of water comprises alternately discharging said water at two laterally spaced points on the surface of said ice.
- 7. A method of breaking a path through ice in a predetermined direction to permit the passage of a floating vessel, comprising the steps of:
- pumping water from beneath the surface of the ice to a point above the surface of said ice; and
- discharging the water through an unconstricted conduit onto the surface of the ice adjacent the vessel at a sufficiently great volumetric rate for accumulating copious quantities of the water on the surface of the ice thus providing a heavy load thereon to thereby break the ice solely by the effect of the weight of the accumulated water and the thermal stress created within the ice by the water.
- 8. A method of breaking a path through ice in accordance with claim 7 wherein the step of discharging further comprises the steps of:
- discharging at least two streams of water from different horizontal points on said vessel; and
- directing the streams inwardly onto said ice between the two points.
- 9. A method of breaking a path through ice in accordance with claim 7 further including the step of oscillating the discharge of water to coincide with the destructive resonant frequency of said ice.
- 10. A method of breaking a path through ice in accordance with claim 9 further including the step of running said vessel onto the surface of said ice to provide additional breaking force.
- 11. A method of breaking a path through ice in accordance with claim 9 wherein the step of oscillating comprises horizontally moving a single discharge stream back and forth across said ice.
- 12. A method of breaking a path through ice in accordance with claim 9 wherein the step of oscillating comprises alternating the flow from a multiplicity of discharge conduits laterally spaced across said ice.
- 13. A method of breaking a path through ice in accordance with claim 9 wherein the step of oscillating comprises varying the rate of discharging said water onto said ice.
- 14. Ice breaking apparatus for use with a floating vessel which is adapted to break ice covering a body of water, comprising:
- means in the vessel for pumping water onto said vessel from said body of water and above the surface of the ice; and
- a conduit having an unconstricted discharge opening connected to the pumping means providing a low head on said pump for discharging the water onto the surface of said ice adjacent said vessel at a sufficiently great volumetric rate for accumulating copious quantities of the water on the surface of the ice thus providing a heavy load thereon to thereby break the ice solely by the effect of the weight of the accumulated water and the thermal stress created within the ice by the water.
- 15. Ice breaking apparatus in accordance with claim 14 wherein the discharge end of the conduit is laterally movable.
- 16. Ice breaking apparatus for use with a floating vessel which is adapted to break ice covering a body of water comprising:
- means in the vessel for pumping water onto said vessel from said body of water and above the surface of the ice; and
- a plurality of laterally spaced conduits having unconstricted discharge openings connected to the pumping means and positioned to discharge the water at a point on said ice between the two outermost conduits at a sufficiently great volumetric rate for accumulating copious quantities of the water on the surface of the ice thus providing a heavy load thereon to thereby break the ice solely by the effect of the weight of the accumulated water and the thermal stress created within the ice by the water.
- 17. Ice breaking apparatus for use with a floating vessel which is adapted to break ice covering a body of water, comprising:
- means in the vessel for pumping water onto said vessel from said body of water and above the surface of the ice;
- a plurality of laterally spaced unconstricted conduits connected to the pumping means; and
- means for alternately discharging water from each unconstricted conduit in resonance with the resonantly destructive critical frequency of said ice at a sufficiently great volumetric rate for accumulating copious quantities of the water on the surface of the ice thus providing a heavy load thereon to thereby break the ice solely by the effect of the weight of the accumulated water and the thermal stress created within the ice by the water.
- 18. Apparatus for protecting an arctic structure located in a body of water from encroaching ice, comprising:
- means for pumping water from said body of water beneath the structure; and
- conduit means having an unconstricted discharge opening connected to the pumping means for discharging the water onto the surface of the ice adjacent said structure at a sufficiently great volumetric rate for accumulating copious quantities of the water on the surface of the ice thus providing a heavy load thereon to thereby break the ice solely by the effect of the weight of the accumulated water and the thermal stress created within the ice by the water.
- 19. Apparatus for protecting an arctic structure in accordance with claim 18 further including means for oscillating the discharge of said water to coincide with the resonant frequency of said ice.
- 20. Apparatus for protecting an artic structure in accordance with claim 18 wherein the conduit means comprises means for discharging the water at a plurality of points onto the ice.
- 21. A water discharge system for breaking ice, comprising:
- a pump;
- an inlet conduit connected to the inlet of the pump and positioned to remove the water from beneath the ice; and
- an unconstricted outlet conduit connected to said pump having a laterally extending portion and a downwardly extending portion both of which provide an unrestricted discharge opening for discharging water onto the surface of the ice at a sufficiently great volumetric rate for accumulating copious quantities of the water on the surface of the ice, thus providing a heavy load thereon to thereby break the ice solely by the effect of the weight of the accumulated water and the thermal stress created within the ice by the water.
- 22. A water discharge system in accordance with claim 21 wherein the outlet conduit is rotatably attached to said pump.
- 23. A method of breaking ice with a ship, comprising the steps of:
- pumping water from below the ice;
- discharging the water through an unconstricted discharge outlet forward the bow of the ship at a sufficiently great volumetric rate for accumulating copious quantities of the water on the surface of the ice thus providing a heavy load thereon to thereby break the ice solely by the effect of the weight of the accumulated water and the thermal stress created within the ice by the water;
- propelling said ship forward; and
- adjusting the relative horsepower used in the propelling and pumping steps to optimize forward speed of said ship.
Parent Case Info
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 620,994, filed Oct. 9, 1975 and now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (3)
Foreign Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
20,536 OF |
Jan 1901 |
UK |
Continuations (1)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
620994 |
Oct 1975 |
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