Patent Grant
12021788
This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of Provisional Appl. No. 61/899,550, filed Nov. 4, 2013 (TI-74515PS), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present embodiments relate to wireless communication systems and, more particularly, to operation of a Time Division Duplex communication system with dynamic reconfiguration of downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) time slots over which a user equipment (UE) communicates with one or more base stations.
With Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), multiple symbols are transmitted on multiple carriers that are spaced apart to provide orthogonality. An OFDM modulator typically takes data symbols into a serial-to-parallel converter, and the output of the serial-to-parallel converter is frequency domain data symbols. The frequency domain tones at either edge of the band may be set to zero and are called guard tones. These guard tones allow the OFDM signal to fit into an appropriate spectral mask. Some of the frequency domain tones are set to values which will be known at the receiver. Among these are cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). These reference signals are useful for channel and interference measurement at the receiver. Cell-specific reference signals as well as channel state information reference signals are not precoded and are generated by a pseudo-random sequence generator as a function of the physical cell ID. In Releases 8 through 10 of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), which was designed for conventional point-to-point communication, the cell ID is not explicitly signaled by the base station (called eNB) but is implicitly derived by the UE as a function of the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS). To connect to a wireless network, the UE performs a downlink cell search to synchronize to the best cell. A cell search is performed by detecting the PSS and SSS of each available cell and comparing their respective signal quality, for example, in terms of reference signal received power (RSRP). After the cell search is performed, the UE establishes connection with the best cell by deriving relevant system information for that cell. Similarly, for LTE Release 11 the UE performs an initial cell search to connect to the best cell. To enable multi-point CoMP operation, the connected cell then configures the UE by higher-layer signaling with a virtual cell ID for each CSI-RS resource associated with each respective base station involved in the multi-point CoMP operation. The UE generates the pseudo-random sequence for each CSI-RS resource as a function of the virtual cell ID.
Conventional cellular communication systems operate in a point-to-point single-cell transmission fashion where a user terminal or equipment (UE) is uniquely connected to and served by a single cellular base station (eNB or eNodeB) at a given time. An example of such a system is Release 8 of the 3GPP Long-Term Evolution. Advanced cellular systems are intended to further improve the data rate and performance by adopting multi-point-to-point or coordinated multi-point (CoMP) communication where multiple base stations can cooperatively design the downlink transmission to serve a UE at the same time. An example of such a system is the 3GPP LTE-Advanced system. This greatly improves received signal strength at the UE by transmitting the same signal to each UE from different base stations. This is particularly beneficial for cell edge UEs that observe strong interference from neighboring base stations.
Traditional wireless communication systems operate in either Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) or Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes. In a FDD mode, a pair of radio frequency (RF) carriers is assigned respectively to the downlink and uplink directions of the communication system. In contrast, a TDD system operates by time-multiplexing uplink and downlink transmissions within a fixed time interval on the same RF carrier. The ratio between UL and DL transmissions in the fixed time interval may be selected according to UL/DL data traffic patterns, or to support coexistence between dissimilar TDD wireless systems. The user equipment in a TDD system operates in a half-duplex mode, whereby it either receives from or transmits to the base station at any time instant but may not simultaneously transmit/receive.
Referring now to
Referring now to
In addition to downlink data, a base station also needs to transmit control information to mobile users. This includes both common control information as well as user-specific control information. Common control information is transmitted to all users in the cell to maintain users' connection to the network, page users in idle mode when a call comes in, schedule random access response, and indicate critical system information changes in the cell. In addition, user-specific control information is transmitted to each scheduled user, for example, to indicate the frequency resources on which the UE is expected to receive downlink data or transmit uplink data. Referring back to
The legacy control channel region 306 may not be changed to a frequency multiplexing structure to maintain compatibility with an existing or legacy UE. However, if the eNodeB does not allot a corresponding region of the data channel region 307 to a UE of a previous LTE version, the UE of a previous LTE version does not receive a resource mapped to a corresponding data channel region 307. Accordingly, the eNodeB may transmit an EPDCCH for a UE of a new LTE version in a data channel region 307 that is not allotted to the UE. In other words, an EPDCCH being a control channel for a UE of a new LTE version has a structure multiplexed with the PDSCH.
While the preceding approaches provide steady improvements in interference measurement and Channel State Information reporting for wireless communications, the present inventors recognize that still further improvements are possible. Accordingly, the preferred embodiments described below are directed toward this as well as improving upon the prior art.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is disclosed a method of operating a time division duplex (TDD) wireless communication system. The method includes establishing communications with a remote transceiver. A subframe configuration including static and flexible subframes is determined and transmitted to the remote transceiver. A channel state information (CSI) report is received from the remote transceiver in response to the subframe configuration.
In a traditional homogeneous TDD network with macro cell deployments, the UL and DL traffic patterns may be substantially static or semi-static. Thus, a same TDD UL/DL configuration may be employed at least for time intervals in the range of hundreds of milliseconds (ms) or seconds. However, in a heterogeneous network (het-net) with small cell deployments, the UL and DL traffic patterns may be more dynamic in nature. In addition, the proximity of the neighboring small cells may introduce more dynamism into inter-cell interferences, and thus may affect system performance and/or capacity. Therefore, wireless system performance may be significantly improved by a much faster adaptation of the TDD UL/DL configuration in response to the dynamic traffic and interference patterns seen in a het-net. TDD Enhanced Interference Mitigation and Traffic Adaptation (eIMTA) is an LTE Release 12 feature that introduces a fast adaptation of the TDD UL/DL configuration by dynamically signaling a reconfiguration command on the PDCCH or EPDCCH. The rate of adaptation can be as fast as an LTE radio frame of 10 ms. However, dynamic reconfiguration of the TDD UL/DL configuration may not be applicable to UEs of earlier LTE releases such as LTE Releases 8-11. Therefore, while a first UE may be configured to monitor downlink control channels for a change in the TDD UL/DL configuration, a second UE of an earlier release follows the semi-statically configured TDD UL/DL configuration that is signaled in System Information Block Type 1 (SIB1). Unlike conventional LTE TDD systems where neighboring cells of the same cellular operator use the same TDD UL/DL configuration, neighboring cells utilizing the eIMTA feature may configure different TDD UL/DL configurations in the same radio frame. This difference may result in both UL-to-DL and DL-to-UL inter-cell interference.
Channel state information (CSI) is essential at the eNB for scheduling downlink or uplink data transmission to and from user equipment. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention describe methods for configuring, measuring and reporting CSI to the eNB for dynamic adaptation of TDD UL/DL configuration of a cell.
Some of the following abbreviations are used throughout the instant specification.
Scheduling in a wireless network is achieved by the base station (eNB in LTE) transmitting downlink control information to mobile terminals (UE in LTE). In a cellular wireless network, a base station may need to schedule transmissions to multiple mobile users at the same time. As a result, the base station needs to transmit downlink control information to different users simultaneously. It is also possible that the base station may transmit different types of control information to a UE simultaneously, such as common control information and UE-specific control information.
In LTE, downlink control information bits are carried in a Downlink Control Information (DCI) format. A DCI is channel encoded, modulated, and transmitted in a specific physical transmission channel over an air interface. In a legacy system, DCI formats are transmitted by the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). A PDCCH is transmitted in the legacy PDCCH region. Different DCI formats are used for different scheduling purposes. DCI can be used to transmit common control information to all users in a cell, UE-specific downlink control information to schedule PDSCH data transmission to a UE, or UE-specific downlink control information to schedule uplink data transmission from the UE to the eNB.
Table I below is a relation between DCI formats and corresponding downlink transmission modes. The DCI formats are UE-specific, monitored by UEs, and scrambled by C-RNTI.
In LTE Release 11, a new physical channel called Enhanced Physical Downlink Control Channel (EPDCCH) is defined to transmit downlink control information in a cell. Referring back to
Turning now to
To facilitate optimal scheduling of downlink data, a UE may be configured to measure and report channel state information to the eNB. The eNB configures the UE with a time-frequency CSI reference resource. The frequency part of the CSI reference resource consists of a set of PRBs for which the CSI report is valid, whereas the time component refers to a subframe for which a hypothetical transmission of a data transport block can be received by the UE with a block error rate percentage of at most 10%. Periodic and/or aperiodic CSI reporting may be configured for a UE, where the periodic report is transmitted on the PUCCH and the aperiodic report is transmitted on the PUSCH.
The CSI measurement is a function of the SNR that is observed by a UE. In LTE transmission modes 1-8, a UE measures the channel and interference components of the CSI report from the transmitted Cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS). In LTE transmission modes 9 and 10, a UE may be configured to measure the channel part based on Channel State Information Reference Signals (CSI-RS). In addition, a UE operating in transmission mode 10 may be configured to measure an interference part based on an interference measurement resource that is contained in a zero-power CSI-RS configuration.
According to the present invention, a mix of legacy LTE (Releases 8-11) and eIMTA-capable UEs may be served by an eNB in the same cell. The legacy UEs determine UL/DL/Special subframe pattern according to the UL/DL subframe configuration signaled in SIB1, whereas a UE capable of eIMTA may be configured to monitor for a PDCCH or EPDCCH conveying a DCI packet containing a dynamic reconfiguration of the UL/DL subframe configuration. A valid UL/DL configuration received in a detected DCI in a PDCCH or EPDCCH must be one of the 7 LTE UL/DL configurations (
Turning now to
Base station 720 includes a processor 726 coupled to a memory 724, a symbol processing circuit 728, and a transceiver 730 via bus 736. Processor 726 and symbol processing circuit 728 may include several processors adapted to various operational tasks including signal processing and channel measurement and computation. The memory stores application software that the processor may execute for specific users as well as operating instructions for eNB 720. Transceiver 730 includes receiver 732 and transmitter 734, suitable for wireless communication with UE 700. Transceiver 730 typically communicates with UE 700 over various communication channels. For example, transceiver 730 sends downlink information to UE 700 over physical downlink control channel PDCCH and physical downlink shared channel PDSCH. Correspondingly, transceiver 730 receives uplink information from UE 700 over physical uplink control channel PUCCH and physical uplink shared channel PUSCH.
Once communication is established with eNB 720, transceiver 710 receives an uplink (UL) grant in a downlink (DL) subframe. Transceiver 710 uses the CRS or CSI-RS in one or more of the DL subframes to create a CSI measurement report that is transmitted to eNB 720 in a subsequent UL subframe. The static and flexible DL subframes experience different interference conditions. In flexible subframes, the inter-cell interference consists of DL-to-UL and UL-to-DL interference depending on the current UL/DL configurations of neighboring cells. Therefore, it is highly advantageous to provide separate CSI interference reports to eNB 720 corresponding to each respective subframe type in order to maximize the DL or UL throughput. For CSI configuration and reporting by a UE configured for eIMTA operation, the set of DL subframes may be sub-divided into two CSI measurement subframe sets denoted as CSI set 0 and CSI set 1. In one embodiment of the present invention, CSI set 0 may consist of static subframes 610 as shown in
The present invention is directed to providing improved CSI interference reports to eNB 720 for both static and flexible DL subframes. CSI measurement for eIMTA operation is performed in a DL subframe as determined by either the UL/DL configuration signaled in SIB1 system information or the UL/DL configuration dynamically signaled in a PDCCH or EPDCCH. Consequently, if a DL subframe in one radio frame is dynamically signaled to be an UL subframe in a subsequent radio frame, the UE may not perform a CSI measurement in the subframe of the subsequent radio frame. In contrast, a legacy UE measures CSI based on CRS and/or CSI-RS only in DL subframes of the UL/DL configuration signaled by SIB1. Therefore, to support backward compatibility, the DL subframes of the SIB1-signaled UL/DL configuration may not be dynamically changed to UL subframes. Thus, the set of static DL subframes include both DL subframes common to all valid LTE TDD UL/DL configurations as well as DL subframes according to the SIB1-signaled UL/DL configuration. An advantage of this restriction is that the timing of a HARQ-ACK feedback to a UE configured for eIMTA operation in response to a previous UL transmission on the PUSCH may follow the UL HARQ timing determined by the SIB1-signaled UL/DL configuration similar to previous LTE releases. Furthermore, an UL grant scheduling a transmission on the PUSCH may only be transmitted in a static DL subframe (e.g. CSI subframe set 0). It may be impossible, therefore, to trigger a CSI report for a flexible DL subframe that is consistent with legacy CSI timing. There are several possible solutions to this problem. First, UE 700 may provide CSI reports for both static and flexible DL subframes whenever two CSI measurement sets are configured. This may be undesirable as it mandates a maximum feedback overhead all the time and greatly increases complexity for UE 700. Second, the DL subframe location may be used to determine the CSI measurement set to be reported. For example, each DL subframe in which a UL grant is transmitted is associated with one of the two CSI subframe measurement sets. Alternatively, each UL subframe in which aperiodic CSI is reported is associated with one of the two CSI subframe measurement sets. The second solution may also be undesirable, since it imposes additional scheduler restrictions. Third, additional information may be included in a CSI request field of each UL grant to indicate which CSI subframe measurement set is to be reported. This may also be restrictive, since eNB 720 can then only trigger one CSI report with one UL grant at a time.
According to a first embodiment of the present invention higher layer signaling from the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer configures the CSI subframe measurement set to be reported for each state of the existing CSI request field contained in a UL grant. The CSI request field in an UL grant transmitted to a UE may consist of 1 bit when the UE is configured for single cell operation or two bits when the UE is either configured for carrier aggregation or for CoMP operation. In an exemplary embodiment, the eNB may configure a UE by RRC signaling to receive an UL grant with a 2-bit CSI field wherein ‘00’ indicates no CSI transmission, ‘01’ indicates an aperiodic CSI request for CSI subframe set 0, ‘10’ indicates an aperiodic CSI request for CSI subframe set 1, and ‘11’ indicates an aperiodic CSI request for both CSI subframe sets 0 and 1. Other mapping arrangements of CSI reports to the CSI field in the UL grant are not precluded as the important point here is that flexible CSI reporting configurations may be enabled by RRC signaling. This embodiment advantageously avoids additional UE complexity, scheduler restrictions, and CSI reporting restrictions. A consequence of this embodiment is that the CSI reference resource is no longer tied to the subframe carrying a UL grant indicating an aperiodic CSI request. In legacy LTE systems, a DL subframe carrying a UL grant containing an aperiodic CSI request is typically the CSI reference resource and provides for at least a 4 ms interval, including the UE processing time, before the associated UL transmission. According to this embodiment, if one CSI report is triggered for one subframe set, the corresponding CSI reference resource in the time domain is the most recent valid DL subframe that is prior to and no later than the subframe carrying the UL grant and in the subframe set for which the aperiodic CSI report is triggered. If two CSI reports are triggered for two subframe sets by an aperiodic CSI request in the same UL grant, the associated CSI reference resource for each aperiodic CSI report in the time domain is the most recent valid DL subframe that is prior to and no later than the subframe carrying the UL grant and in the subframe set for which the aperiodic CSI report is triggered. In other words, the CSI reference resources of two aperiodic CSI reports transmitted in one UL subframe may correspond to two different DL subframes and indeed, two different subframe types (static and flexible). For example, one DL subframe may belong to the set of DL subframes determined by the SIB1 signaled TDD UL/DL configuration, whereas the other DL subframe may belong to the set of DL subframes of the dynamically signaled TDD UL/DL configuration in a PDCCH or EPDCCH.
In legacy LTE systems, a CSI process is associated with one CSI-RS resource for channel measurement and one Channel State Information Interference Measurement (CSI-IM) resource for interference measurement. According to a second embodiment of the present invention, a CSI process for eIMTA is associated with one CSI-RS resource and two CSI-IM resources. In one example of this embodiment each CSI-IM resource may be configured to measure the interference observed in static (CSI subframe set 0) and flexible DL subframes (CSI subframe set 1) respectively. The reporting periodicity and subframe offset of each CSI-IM resource is preferably configured by RRC signaling to match the time domain pattern of each subframe set. Thus, CSI-IM 0 is used for interference measurement of CSI subframe set 0, and CSI-IM 1 is used for interference measurement of CSI subframe set 1. For a transmission mode where a UE may be configured with multiple CSI processes, another embodiment of the present invention is to support interference measurements for both static and flexible subframes per CSI process. In this case, the CSI processing time budget at the UE needs to be increased accordingly. The CSI reference resource may additionally satisfy a threshold that guarantees sufficient CSI processing time given by nCQI,ref≥nthreshold, where nthreshold≥4 ms. This processing threshold may be a function of the SIB1-signaled or dynamically signaled TDD UL/DL configuration and/or the number of configured CSI processes.
In legacy LTE systems, one CSI process is associated with one non-zero-power CSI-RS resource for channel measurement and one CSI-IM resource for the corresponding interference measurement. Furthermore, the frequency domain component of the CSI-IM resource consists of resource elements that are a subset of the resource elements specified by a zero-power CSI-RS configuration. In one embodiment of the present invention, the UE equipment performs an interference measurement using the resource elements of the CSI-IM resource that are contained within the subframe set. To support two CSI subframe sets in eIMTA operation, different alternatives may be considered. In one alternative, the configured CSI-IM resource within the subframe set belonging to the CSI reference resource is used to derive the interference measurement. In a different embodiment of the present invention a CSI-RS process consists of one CSI-RS resource and two CSI-IM resources associated respectively with CSI subframe sets 0 and 1. The periodicity and subframe offset of each of these CSI-IM resources can be separately configured by RRC signaling to match the pattern of each CSI subframe set. As such, CSI measurement for CSI subframe set 0 uses CSI-IM 0, and CSI measurement for subframe set 1 uses CSI-IM 1. In case one CSI-IM is not fully contained in the corresponding subframe set (e.g. CSI-IM 0 occurs in some subframes of CSI subframe set 1), CSI measurement for subframe set 0 (or 1) may use CSI-IM 0 (or CSI IM 1) only in CSI subframe set 0 (or set 1).
For periodic CSI feedback on the PUCCH, it should be recognized that the PUCCH is a narrow-band channel with a small payload. In legacy LTE systems, only one CSI report may be transmitted on the PUCCH in a subframe. It is still desirable to support periodic CSI reporting of two CSI subframe sets when a UE is configured for eIMTA operation. The CSI reporting periodicity and subframe offset for each CSI subframe set is independently configured by RRC signaling. For transmission modes 1-9, the CSI reference resource associated with a PUCCH transmission in subframe n is the subframe n−nCQI,ref such that nCQI,ref is the smallest value greater than nthreshold=4 and satisfying the conditions that it is a valid DL subframe and in the CSI subframe set corresponding to the requested periodic CSI report. For transmission mode 10, the CSI reference resource associated with a PUCCH transmission in subframe n is the subframe n−nCQI,ref such that nCQI,ref is the smallest value greater than or equal to nthreshold=4 and satisfying the conditions that it is a valid DL subframe and in the CSI subframe set corresponding to the requested periodic CSI report. In addition, the exact value of the threshold nthreshold is a function of the number of CSI processes configured for the UE.
Due to the independent configuration of periodic CSI reporting in eIMTA operation, a collision may occur in a same UL subframe, where a UE is configured to report CSI measurements for both CSI subframe sets on the PUCCH. As only one report may be transmitted in a subframe, a collision handling mechanism is desirable. An embodiment of the present invention configures via RRC signaling different priorities for different subframe sets. When CSI reports of different subframe sets collide in the same UL subframe, a CSI of subframe set of a higher priority is reported, while a CSI subframe set of a lower priority is not transmitted. In legacy LTE TDD systems, the priority rule may be based on the CSI type (rank versus CQI/PMI information), serving cell index or CSI process index when a UE is respectively configured for carrier aggregation or with multiple CSI processes.
Several priority rules are described in the present invention. In a first alternative, the CSI reports are prioritized according to a semi-statically configured prioritization of the CSI subframe sets. For example if CSI subframe set 0 contains only static DL subframes this may be given a higher priority compared to CSI subframe set 1 containing flexible subframes. Subsequently, the tie-breaking rule for a collision may be secondly, according to CSI type, thirdly, serving cell index and finally, CSI process index.
Other arrangements of this prioritization/tie-breaking rule are not precluded amongst the four categories, namely CSI subframe set, CSI type, serving cell index and CSI process index. For example, to prioritize spatial multiplexing transmission it may be advantageous to assign the highest priority according to the CSI type. Therefore, the following prioritization rules may be configured, where in each rule the categories are according to decreasing level of priority,
Still further, while numerous examples have thus been provided, one skilled in the art should recognize that various modifications, substitutions, or alterations may be made to the described embodiments while still falling with the inventive scope as defined by the following claims. Other combinations will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art having access to the instant specification.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/809,846, filed Nov. 10, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/530,654, filed Oct. 31, 2014 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,819,471), which claims the benefit of Provisional Patent Application No. 61/899,550, filed on Nov. 4, 2013, the contents of all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20210184821 A1 | Jun 2021 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 61899550 | Nov 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 15809846 | Nov 2017 | US |
| Child | 17176086 | US | |
| Parent | 14530654 | Oct 2014 | US |
| Child | 15809846 | US |
