Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6332244
-
Patent Number
6,332,244
-
Date Filed
Tuesday, November 21, 200023 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, December 25, 200122 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
- Calvert; John J.
- Welch; Gary L.
Agents
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 019 150
- 019 252
- 019 263
- 057 264
- 057 304
- 057 315
- 057 328
- 057 333
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
A device for drafting and condensing of a roving before its transformation into yarn comprises a drafting unit which confers a predetermined draft on the roving and a condensing unit by the effect of suction on the fibres of the roving through a movable filtering surface reduces its dimensions increasing the cohesion and strength even before it receives the twist from the spinning machine.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the drafting and condensing of a roving of textile fibre before its transformation into twisted yarn. Hereinafter it is described with reference to ring spinning although the invention can be utilised advantageously also in other applications of the textile industry.
Ring spinning is essentially the process in which a roving of textile fibres is transformed into a twisted yarn by first performing a drafting and controlled elongation of the roving by which it is given the desired dimensions, which determines the yarn count of the yarn produced from it, and then giving the bundle of fibres of the roving, which have received only a slight twist in the preceding working and are still substantially parallel, an effective and necessary twist to give the yarn an adequate strength by making it pass along a path in high speed rotation between a fixed ring and a rotating spindle with the interposition of a ring driven by the spindle itself. The yarn thus twisted is collected by winding it on a bobbin, carried by the spindle, to form a spool which, when completed, is transferred for subsequent operations.
For a better understanding of the problems of and technical arrangements for the preparation of the roving and its spinning the conventional arrangement of one spinning station of a ring spinning machine will be briefly described in outline with reference to
FIG. 1
, bearing in mind that each spinning machine has a plurality of spinning stations across a spinning front. Each spinning front is constituted by hundreds of such stations which are driven in common, each receiving their services from motors which drive longitudinal axles and by delivery units which distribute their services along the machine.
The roving
1
comes from a device just above the spinning station which is not indicated in the drawing for simplicity, and is first introduced to the drafting unit
2
. This generally consists of members for drafting the roving at linearly increasing speeds which gradually reduce it by making the fibres of which it is composed slide over one another. In
FIG. 1
the drafting unit is driven via a pair of belts
3
and
4
of which the underlying belt
3
is driven to move by a knurled segment
5
of a longitudinal bar
6
in common with the adjacent spinning stations and rotating in direction of the arrow a.
The path of the lower belt
3
is approximately triangular, and determined by a common terminal bar
7
which extends longitudinally. The overlying belt
4
is freely movable and is driven to move in the direction of the arrow b by the underlying belt
3
onto which it is pressed by an overlying support in common with an adjacent spinning station. The path of the upper belt
4
is also approximately triangular and determined by a roller
8
and a fixed terminal bar
9
.
Downstream of the belts
3
and
4
is located a pair of drafting rollers
11
,
12
which impart the final draft to the roving, being provided with a linear speed greater than that of the preceding belts
3
,
4
. The lower roller is constituted by a grooved segment
13
of a longitudinal bar
11
, common with the adjacent spinning stations and rotating in the direction of the arrow c. The upper counter roller
12
is idle and is also pressed by the common overlying support against the roller segment which drives it to rotate in the direction of the arrow d with the refined roving from which the yarn
20
is formed interposed between them.
The yarn
20
first passes the fixed yarn guide
21
, typically in the form of a pigtail and from there to the rotating ring
22
which rotates on a fixed ring
23
carried by a common ring rail
24
continually driven in direction of the arrow e in two directional senses continually to cause the rings
23
to rise and fall and to distribute the winding of the thread into a spool
25
on the bobbin
26
. The bobbin
26
is fitted on the underlying rotating spindle driven to rotate at high speeds which currently are in the region of 10,000-20,000 revolutions per minute.
Upon each rotation of the spindle, or rather of the spool
25
, it pulls the yarn released from the drafting unit and winds it onto itself and generates substantially one revolution of twist of the yarn
20
, which draws the small rotating ring
22
into rotation with a slight delay due to its friction with the guide ring
23
. If the spindle rotates R revolutions per minute and cylinders
11
,
12
release S meters of drafted roving
20
the twist T applied to one meter of yarn produced is equal to R/S.
The yarn
20
rotates in a vortex about the spool forming the so called ‘balloon’ by the effect of the centrifugal force. The balloon is the cause of further stress on the yarn and can be limited with a containment ring
28
. The twist in the yarn is caused by the rotation of the spool
25
and propagates, together with the stresses up to the point at which the yarn
20
is released from the last of the drafting cylinders
11
,
12
.
The point of release from the cylinders is the point of least strength of the yarn; the roving which begins to receive twist and tension is still in the state of parallel distributed fibres spaced along a web of a certain width. The relative weakness of the roving at the output of the drafting device constitutes a factor limiting the productivity of spinning machines.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is to improve the quality of the drafted roving released from the drafting unit, which provides both a process and a drafting device of new concept, which gives the twisting unit of the spinning machine a cleaner and stronger ready-compacted roving.
The drafting device and the associated roving drafting process of the present invention make it possible to improve the mechanical quality of the roving and the yarn produced and also have positive effects on the productivity of the spinning machine.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will hereinafter be described with reference to various embodiments illustrated in
FIGS. 2-12
by way of exemplary but non-limitative example, and for the purpose of rendering the characteristics and advantages of the present invention more evident, in which reference is made to the annexed schematic drawings, in which:
FIG. 1
is illustrates the technical problem of drafting the roving with reference to its application to a ring spinning machine of conventional type;
FIG. 2
is a schematic side view of the drafting and condensing device according to the invention;
FIGS. 3
,
4
and
5
show a typical embodiment of a condensing unit with a rigid filtration sleeve;
FIGS. 6
,
7
and
8
show a variant of the preceding condensing unit;
FIGS. 9 and 10
show a typical embodiment of a condensing unit with a flexible filtering element;
FIGS. 11A
, B and
12
A, B, C show a variant of the condensing unit of
FIGS. 9 and 10
, with individual filtering element tensioners;
FIGS. 13 and 14
show a variant of the form of the suction opening;
FIG. 15
shows an alternative embodiment of a tube with which the device of the present invention is provided; and
FIGS. 16
to
20
show alternative elements of the tensioner for filtering elements in the form of air-permeable flexible rings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to
FIG. 2
there is shown in side view a structure of a typical embodiment of the roving drafting and condensing unit according to the invention. The following Figures show details of different embodiments of the filtering units shown in views from above, in section and from the front of the final part for condensing of the roving.
In
FIG. 2
the roving
1
still at its original dimensions, arrives from above from its formation and is pinched by a first pair of rollers
30
,
31
which draft the roving at a controlled linear velocity. The lower roller or cylinder
30
, like the other rollers of the drafting unit, consists of a grooved segment of a longitudinally rotating bar, in common with the adjacent spinning stations, rotating in the direction of the arrow f. The upper counter roll
31
is similarly idle and it is also pressed—by the common overlying support
33
—against the roll of
30
which drives it to rotate in the direction of the arrow f′, with the roving interposed between them. The support
33
also carries the other upper members of the drafting unit and presses them against the underlying members with a predetermined and regulated force.
The second member of the drafting unit is constituted by belts
3
,
4
, the essential parts of which are already described with reference to FIG.
1
and are known per se. The lower belt
3
is held under tension by a lever tensioner
35
.
The third drafting unit member, downstream from the belts
3
and
4
, consists of a pair of draft rollers
11
,
12
which impart the final draft to the roving, and correspond to those described with reference to FIG.
1
and are known per se.
The draft imparted to the roving by the series of three members described above, and are known per se, is progressive and determined by the increasing linear speeds which each of these described members impart to the roving progressively transferred to it. Each of the said members is in fact provided with drive means to give them a determined speed of rotation. Roving which leaves the pair of cylinders or rollers
11
,
12
is constituted by a strip
37
of reduced dimensions with respect to the original roving
1
and travels at a higher linear speed. In general this speed, depending on the type of fibres being worked, the characteristics of the yarn to be produced and the starting roving, lies in the range from 15-35 meters per minute.
The roving
37
then passes to the condensing unit
40
which is located downstream of the drafting unit, before it is forwarded for twisting. This condensing unit
40
constitutes one of the characterising elements of the present invention.
The condensing unit
40
also consists of a pair of counterposed members which pinch and draft the roving downstream. These counterposed members have a surface with suction openings which reduce the transverse dimensions of the roving
37
, and a presser roll which presses it against this surface. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated hereinbelow the suction surface is located below and the presser roll is located above; in principle the two positions can be reversed with respect to one another. In
FIG. 2
the lower member is constituted by a fixed tube
41
connected to a suction source provided with suction slots
42
disposed in the path and in the direction of movement of the roving
37
in correspondence with each drafting unit
2
of the spinning station. On the surface of the fixed tube
41
and in correspondence with the suction slot
42
there is positioned a filtering element
43
which is interposed between the moving roving
37
and the fixed slot
42
. By the effect of the suction action of the slot
42
on the fibres of the roving
37
, with the interposition of the filtering surface, the transverse dimension of the web of drafted roving
37
is restricted by urging it towards the reduced width of the suction slot, that is to say substantially towards the dimensions of the yarn
20
. This action draws together the fibres of the roving
37
, significantly increasing the cohesion by inter fibre friction and correspondingly increasing its strength even before receiving the twist which propagates from below upwardly from the spindle to the drafting unit. As well as this effect, and still by the suction action of the lower element, the drafted roving is relieved of some of the impurities which it still contains, and the short pieces of fibre which project from it, giving a more compact and stronger resultant thread as well as a better aspect.
The upper member of the condensing unit
40
is constituted by a presser roll
45
—generally formed of elastomeric material—which presses the compacted roving against the fixed tube
41
and its filtering surface
43
, contacting it at a point at which the roving is already compacted and, generally, downstream of the end of its suction slot
42
, still in correspondence with each drafting unit
2
of the spinning station. The pressure exerted by the roll
45
does not allow the twist which rises from the spindle to propagate substantially upstream before the roving is released from the condensing unit. The upper roller
45
is provided with rotary drive means for rotating in the direction of the arrow m and is driven to extract the roving
37
at a linear speed which in any event is not less than that of the preceding rollers
11
,
12
in such a way as to ensure that the roving
37
is under tension. For example, its speed can be regulated to a higher value than that of the rollers
11
,
12
, preferably an increase of 1-3% to obtain a certain supplementary drafting effect. Still by way of example, as shown in
FIG. 2
, the press roller
45
can be driven by the preceding press roller
12
, by means of a belt and pulley transmission
46
which ensures the desired linear speed ratio of the roving the passage between the roller
11
,
12
and the condensing members.
In a variant embodiment of the present invention, between the final group of draft rollers
11
,
12
and the condensing unit
40
there is interposed a support surface
47
to provide the correct introduction of the roving
37
to the unit
40
, especially effective in transient phases.
In the following Figures there are shown several typical embodiments of such filtering elements and their arrangement with respect to the fixed tubing
41
and the drafting unit. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the member which forms the filtering surface
43
is a movable member which moves coherently with and in the same linear direction as the press roller
45
. On the other hand the invention can be put into practise with a filtering surface
43
which is not necessarily movable.
According to the exemplary embodiment shown in
FIGS. 3
,
4
and
5
the filtering member is constituted by a perforated cylindrical sleeve
50
which is mounted on the fixed tubing
41
and caused to rotate with respect to it by the upper roller
45
. As shown in
FIG. 3
, which shows a sectioned view from above of a part of the tubing
41
, the said fixed tubing
41
is formed with a circular cross section and in pieces or discreet sections, to serve, for example, eight spinning stations for each section and in its central part is connected with the aperture
51
to a centralised suction system with the interposition of interception members, not shown in the drawings for simplicity. In the exemplary embodiment of
FIGS. 3
,
4
and
5
each sleeve
50
is formed with a length corresponding to two drafting units and such as to involve two consecutive slots
42
. The sleeve
50
could equally be formed with a greater length to serve a greater number of drafting unit
2
, or can be made shorter, one sleeve
50
for each drafting unit
2
.
As shown in greater detail in
FIG. 4
, which is a view from above of the end portion of tubing
41
, and
FIG. 5
which shows the transverse section of it, in the body of the tubing
41
there are formed suction slots
42
in the form of elongate narrow slots slightly inclined with respect to the right section of the cylinder of the tubing
41
. The dimensions of the slots are, in general, in the region of between 0.5 and 5 mm in width and between 10 and 20 mm in length. Each tubing
41
is provided with closure terminals
46
and elements
46
a
for mounting each tube on the structure of the spinning machine.
In the example shown the sleeves
50
are formed of cylindrical tubular form of length sufficient to cover the slots of two groups of adjacent drafting units and with a diameter such as to be mounted with precision on the tubing
41
. The outer surface of the fixed tubing
41
is worked with raised portions and cylindrical concavaties for the positioning of centering rings
52
and interposition between the fixed tubing
41
and the rotating sleeve
50
.
In each band
53
of the sleeve
50
which corresponds to the slots
42
, and over the whole of its circumference, there is formed a series of regularly distributed holes
54
. In general the density of the holes
54
in this band
53
is 10-30 per square centimeter and with dimensions of 0.5-2 mm.
The roller
45
presses the compacted roving
20
downstream of the end of the slot
42
. By way of indication in
FIG. 4
there is shown, in broken outline, the path which the roving
37
follows by the effect of the suction through the slots
42
acting through the perforated band
53
; the condensing effect propagates upstream in dependence on the length of the fibres of the twisted roving
37
.
The rotating sleeve
50
, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, can be made of a synthetic polymeric material having good mechanical and self-lubricating properties, for example a material based on polyamides, polyaldehydes and the like.
In the variant of the preceding embodiment, shown in
FIGS. 6
,
7
and
8
, the filtering member is again constituted by a perforated cylindrical sleeve which is mounted on the fixed tubing
41
, and is put into rotation with respect to it by the upper roller
45
.
FIGS. 6
,
7
and
8
correspond respectively to
FIGS. 3
,
4
and
5
.
In the embodiment of
FIGS. 6
,
7
and
8
reference is again made to a sleeve with a length which corresponds to two drafting units. In this example the structure of the fixed tubing
41
is made up of two tubular elements,
56
,
57
, which are coaxial and fitted onto one another, of which the outer layer
57
is made of a material and provided with a surface finish which offers less frictional resistance in relation to the sleeve
60
which rotates with respect to it. In each band
59
of the sleeve
60
which corresponds to the slots
42
, and around the entirety of its circumference there is again formed a series of regularly distributed holes
61
. In general these holes are larger and more widely spaced than those of the preceding embodiment in that to the perforated band
59
there is applied a layer of filtering textile
62
of suitable mesh dimensions, generally lying between 25 and 150 microns. Again by way of example, filtering layers based on synthetic technical fabrics of polyamide, polyacrylamide and the like are generally suitable as filtering layers. These can be fixed to the underlying sleeve
60
by the application of adhesives.
In a further variant, as an alternative to the composite filtering structure of the example of the preceding
FIGS. 6
to
8
, the filtering element
43
can be formed simply by a loop of textile in a layer of suitable mechanical consistency and permeability, which is applied directly onto the fixed tubular element
41
in correspondence with the slot
42
, without the interposition of a rigid perforated sleeve
60
. In this case the fixed tubing
41
can be formed with a circular section on with sections of different form, and preferably with suitable rounding.
An example of this further alternative embodiment is shown in FIGS.
9
and
10
—in which
FIG. 9
shows a view from above of the piece of tubing
41
partially sectioned and
FIG. 10
shows its section taken on the line A—A.
The filtering element
43
is constituted by rings
70
of permeable fabric of suitable mechanical and filtering characteristics, of the type already previously indicated. Each loop
70
is individually associated with a drafting unit
2
and covers the corresponding slot
42
of the fixed tubing
41
with a large margin and is driven by the upper roller
45
. The path of the loop
70
is determined by the outer surface of the tubing
41
and by a return bar
71
fixed onto the ends
46
of the piece of tubing
41
. On the bar
71
are formed guide recesses for maintaining the loop
70
in their correct axial position, alternating with spacer enlargements
72
. The relative position of the bar
71
with respect to the fixed tubing
41
can be modified to maintain the desired tension of the filtering loops
70
by further inserting resilient tensioners, not shown in drawings for simplicity. In general the width of the recesses of the bar
71
and of the filtering loop
70
is in the region of between 12 and 30 mm.
A further structural variant of the present invention, in which the filtering element
43
consists of a movable loop of flexible textile layer without the interposition of the rigid sleeve
60
, is illustrated with reference to
FIGS. 11A
, B and
12
A, B, C in which
FIGS. 11A
, B show a side view in section of the final part of the drafting unit and condensing unit and
FIGS. 12A
, B, C show a schematic perspective view of only the condensing unit limited to one piece of tubing
41
and its assembly details.
In this second further variant as well each filtering loop
90
is related individually to a drafting unit
2
and covers the corresponding slot
42
of the fixed tubing
41
with a large margin and is driven to circulate by its upper roller
45
. In the variant of
FIGS. 11A
, B and
12
A, B, C the path of the loops
90
is determined by the outer surface of the tubing
41
and by an individual return bar
91
for each filtering loop
90
. The bars
91
are individually supported or collectively supported again on the pieces of tubing
41
.
As shown in the sectional view of
FIGS. 11A
, B—which differ by the manner of attachment between the bars
91
and the fixed tubing
41
—the return bar
91
comprises a concave part
92
for fixing to the fixed tubing
41
to lie alongside and be fixed to the body of this tubing. In the details of
FIGS. 12B
, C are shown two possible alternatives of this fixing. At the opposite end the return part of the loop is conformed to two rounded, preferably semi-cylindrical, ends
94
carried by two relatively slender prongs
95
separated from one another by a space
96
. The body of the return bar
91
is made of material having good elastic characteristics in such a way that the insertion and removal of the filtering loop
90
can be easily achieved by the operator simply compressing the two prongs
95
and restricting the space
96
and then inserting or removing the filtering loop. When this operation has been performed the prongs
95
are released: they diverge elastically from one another and tension the loop
90
itself to the desired amount. In the space
96
it is possible to insert elastic elements, for example leaf springs, to increase the separating force of the prongs
95
and the tension of the filtering loops
90
. On its inner face the concave part
92
carries a centering pin
97
for locating on the tubing
41
.
By way of example
FIG. 12A
shows a perspective view of the fixed pieces of suction tubing
41
which serves eight spinning stations, in which are shown two ways of attachment of the individual return bars
91
to this tubing, subdivided into two groups of four. The two kinds of attachment are shown also in the two section details of
FIGS. 11A
, B. As illustrated for the left hand four spinning stations indicated with the arrow B, four cone shaped return bars
91
are joined on a common concave sliding support
101
B—which extends between the parts
92
of each bar
91
—of concavity matching that of the outer surface of the tubing
41
on which they are fixed by means of a plurality of resilient jaws
102
which are forced to enter into engagement with the tubing
41
thereby maintaining the bars
91
in the desired position. The correct mutual positioning is established by the coupling of the pins
97
into cavities provided on the tubing
41
.
In the manner illustrated for the four spinning stations on the right, indicated with the arrow C, four return bars
91
are joined on a common concave sliding support
101
C which extends between the parts
92
of each bar
91
, of concavity matching the outer surface of the tubing
41
, on which a plurality of pins
97
and cavities similar to the preceding are positioned. The fixing between the support
101
C and tubing
41
can take place by means of screws passing through openings
106
in the support to engage corresponding threaded holes in the tubing
41
, or with other conventional removable connection means. In the preceding description reference is again made to the openings
42
in the form of slightly inclined slots with respect to the transverse right section of the fixed tubing
41
. In
FIGS. 13 and 14
there are shown—and referred to the enlarged view of FIG.
4
—other forms of possible embodiments of the elongate slot
42
in the shape of the straight slot
80
in FIG.
11
and in the shape of an elongate triangle
81
in FIG.
12
. The choice of the extension and shape of the slots
42
is generally influenced by the drafting and condensing operations, the roving which it is intended to work as well as the flow rate and the suction available.
A further variant embodiment of the present invention, in which the filtering element
43
again consists of a movable fabric layer loop, but with a non-circular configuration is illustrated with reference to FIG.
15
.
In this further variant embodiment of the present invention account is taken of the fact that the roving
37
, in the interval between the rollers
11
,
12
of the final drafting unit and the condensing unit
40
tends to assume a non-rectilinear, but rather relaxed, catenary shape, partly due to the effect of the suction. Due to this phenomenon the section of tubing
41
is provided with a ‘nose’ or protuberance
41
a
which extends towards the final rollers
11
,
12
of the drafting unit to limit the relaxation section of the roving
37
and improve its control and support. It also provides the correct entrance for the roving
37
into the unit
40
, especially effective in the transient phases.
In
FIGS. 16 and 17
there is shown a variant embodiment for tensioning the filtering element
90
, in which
FIG. 16
shows the whole element assembled and
FIG. 17
shows only the return element. In this variant the return bar
91
again comprises a concave part
92
for attachment to the fixed tubing
41
, to be placed alongside and fixed to the body of this tubing, having locating pins
97
like the previously-described embodiment.
At the opposite end the return part of the filtering loop
90
passes around a closed circular cylindrical body
110
which, at its ends and to maintain its filtering textile loop
90
in the correct axial position during movement, carries enlargements
111
spaced from one another depending on the width of the filtering loop
90
.
The connection between the support part
92
and the body
110
is formed by a thin offset prong
112
also made of material having good elastic characteristics in such a way that the insertion and removal of the filtering loop
90
can easily be effected by the operator simply by bending the prong
112
to reduce the distance between the support
92
and the return bar
110
.
In
FIGS. 18 and 19
there is shown a further variant embodiment for tensioning the filtering element
90
, in which
FIG. 18
shows the whole element assembled and
FIG. 19
shows only the return element. In this variant the return bar
91
again comprises a concave part
92
for attachment to the fixed tubing
41
to be placed alongside and fixed to the body of this tubing like the preceding embodiments. At the opposite end the return part of the loop passes over an elliptical open body
120
, also provided with terminal enlargements
121
for positioning the movable filtering loop
90
which, in motion, passes over the body
120
.
The connection between the support part
92
and the elliptical body
120
is formed by a J-section element
122
which is also thin and made of a material having good elastic characteristics. Only one of the prongs
123
of the J-shape profile
122
is connected to the element
92
, whilst the other prong
124
remains free to move when the body
120
is caused to move towards the element
92
by flexing the connection prong
12
to insert or remove the filtering loop
90
.
In a preferred manner of producing the described return bars
91
with individual tensioners for the filtering loops
90
, they are produced in profiled pieces by extrusion of material having good elastic characteristics, for example, acetyl resin, for example, DERLIN® or light aluminium based alloys, and then cut to the desired length of the bar
91
.
Another different variant for tensioning the filtering element
90
is illustrated in FIG.
20
. From the support base
92
extends three support feet
92
a
in contact with three separate generatraces of the tubing
41
to improve the stability of the return bar
91
which rests on and is fixed to the body of this tubing like the preceding embodiments. At the opposite end the return part of the filtering loop passes over a semi-cylindrical body
130
having terminal enlargements
131
for positioning the movable filtering loop
90
, which, in movement, passes over the body
130
. The elastic connection between the support base
92
and the body
130
is achieved by means of two or more segments
132
joined together and to the base
92
and to the body
130
by means of flexible hinge zones
133
which render the return bar
91
elastically compressible in a direction perpendicular to the tubing
41
. This configuration, as well as conferring on the bar
91
the necessary elastic properties to maintain the filtering loop under tension during operation, makes the operation of fitting and removing the filtering loop particularly simple and easy; the operator just has to compress the body
130
towards the tubing
41
with one hand whilst with the other hand can fit the filtering loop on or remove it.
The roving drafting and condensing process is evident from the description of the device described hereinbefore. At the end of the preliminary conventional drafting operation conducted between the initial rollers
30
,
31
, the belts
3
,
4
and the final rollers
11
,
12
in which the roving
1
is elongated and drafted into the silver
37
, this silver is supplied to the condensing unit
40
in which is it maintained under tension and made to pass over an interior surface through which is exerted a suction action by the elongate slot
42
, through a filtering surface
45
. The movement of the roving
37
is ensured by the rotation of the upper roll
43
at a linear speed not less than that of the last rollers
11
,
12
.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the filtering surface is preferably moved coherently with the roller
45
.
The operative conditions of the condensing are generally as follows. The depression within the tubing
41
is in the range 200-600 mm water column, and preferably between 350 and 500. The draft ratio between roving
1
and yarn leaving the condensing unit
40
varies between 10 and 100. The linear output speed from the condensing unit varies between 5 and 40 meters per minute.
The drafting and condensing process performed on the roving with the device described hereinabove is very convenient in relation to drafting processes available in the prior art and the following advantages merit a mention.
The condensing operation considerably reduces the distance between the fibres of which the roving
37
is composed, significantly increasing the cohesion between them and increasing the strength of the compacted roving before receiving the twist to form the yarn itself. The resultant roving has, more over, a smaller content of impurities and short fibres.
From the drafting and condensing unit there is obtained a significantly smoother, more compact and stronger roving with a greater content of long fibres. Consequently, the roving causes less friction on the rings of the spinning machine and has a greater mechanical strength.
For the same twist, or more precisely the number of twists per meter upon spinning, the final yarn is also more compact and stronger. This increase in strength can be up to 20-25%. If a greater yarn strength is not required the productivity of the spinning machine expressed in meters of yarn per unit of time, can be correspondingly increased as an alternative by maintaining the spindles at the same speed of rotation and increasing the rate of flow of the roving
1
advanced to the drafting unit for the same draft imparted thereto.
Because of the greater mechanical strength of the compacted roving the spindles of the spinning machine can be driven at a greater speed, it being less limited by ‘ballooning’ of the yarn in rotation between the rotating ring
22
and the upper yarn guide
21
.
Claims
- 1. A device for drafting and condensing a roving of textile fibers before its transformation into yarn comprising a first drafting unit comprised of a pair of rollers,a second drafting unit comprised of a second pair of rollers and opposed belts and a third drafting unit comprising a pair of rollers, drive means for driving said rollers of each pair at a speed of rotation which provides a progressive and predetermined draft to the roving, and a condensing unit positioned downstream of the third drafting unit for condensing the roving before it is delivered to a twisting apparatus, said condensing unit comprising a pair of facing member which nip and draft the roving, wherein the lower member is comprised of a fixed tubing connected to a suction source and provided with a suction opening disposed along a path of movement of the drafted roving, a filtering element disposed on the surface of the fixed tubing in correspondence with the suction opening a pressure roller disposed in engagement with the filtering element for moving the filtering member in the direction of the drafted roving between the presser roller and the filtering element and means for rotating the presser roller to extract the roving from the condensing unit, wherein a support surface is disposed between the third drafting unit and the condensing unit for supporting the drafted roving prior to the condensing unit.
- 2. The device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the filtering element is comprised of a perforated cylindrical sleeve which is mounted on the fixed tubing for rotation relative to the fixed tubing by the presser roller.
- 3. A device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the fixed tubing is provided with a protuberance which extends toward the third drafting unit for supporting the roving to limit non-linear movement of the roving between the third drafting unit and the condensing unit.
Priority Claims (2)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
MI99A2479 |
Nov 1999 |
IT |
|
MI99A2550 |
Dec 1999 |
IT |
|
US Referenced Citations (13)
Foreign Referenced Citations (3)
Number |
Date |
Country |
196 23 824 A1 |
Oct 1997 |
DE |
298 22 763 U1 |
Apr 1999 |
DE |
0 947 618 A2 |
Oct 1999 |
EP |