Patent Grant
11029088
Dielectric heating is the process in which a high-frequency alternating electric field heats a dielectric material, such as water molecules. At higher frequencies, this heating is caused by molecular dipole rotation within the dielectric material, while at lower frequencies in conductive fluids, other mechanisms such as ion-drag are more important in generating thermal energy.
Microwave frequencies are typically applied for cooking food items and are considered undesirable for drying laundry articles because of the possible temporary runaway thermal effects random application of the waves in a traditional microwave. Radio frequencies and their corresponding controlled and contained e-field are typically used for drying of textile material.
When applying an RF electronic field (e-field) to a wet article, such as a clothing material, the e-field may cause the water molecules within the e-field to dielectrically heat, generating thermal energy which effects the rapid drying of the articles.
One aspect of the invention is directed to a method for dehydrating a wet article with a radio frequency (RF) applicator having an anode element, a cathode element, and a controller, the method including capacitively coupling the anode element to the cathode element, energizing the RF applicator to generate a field of electromagnetic radiation (e-field) within the radio frequency spectrum between the anode and cathode elements, determining in the controller a dynamic drying cycle of operation, and controlling the energization of the RF applicator according to the determination of the dynamic drying cycle of operation wherein liquid in the wet article residing within the e-field will be dielectrically heated to effect a drying of the wet article.
Another aspect of the invention is directed to a textile material treating applicator for dehydrating a wet article according to a dynamic drying cycle of operation, including an anode element and a cathode element, a capacitive couple between the anode element and the cathode element, a radio frequency (RF) generator coupled to the anode element and the cathode element and selectively energizable to generate electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency spectrum wherein the energization of the RF generator sends electromagnetic radiation through the applicator via the capacitive couple to form a field of electromagnetic radiation (e-field) in the radio frequency spectrum to dielectrically heat liquid within the wet article proximate to at least one of the anode element or the cathode element, and a controller coupled with the RF generator to determine the dynamic drying cycle of operation and to control the energization of the RF generator according to the determination of the dynamic drying cycle of operation.
In the drawings:
While this description may be primarily directed toward a textile material drying machine, embodiments of the invention may be applicable in any environment using a radio frequency (RF) signal application to dehydrate any wet article. While the primary example of textile material is described as laundry, embodiments of the invention may be applicable to any textile materials.
The second cathode element 14 further includes a first comb element 24 having a first base 26 from which extend a first plurality of teeth 28, and the second anode element 18 includes a second comb element 30 having a second base 32 from which extend a second plurality of teeth 34. The second cathode and second anode elements 14, 18 are fixedly mounted to the first supporting element 20 in such a way as to interdigitally arrange the first and second pluralities of teeth 28, 34. The second cathode and second anode elements 14, 18 may be fixedly mounted to the first support element 20 by, for example, adhesion, fastener connections, or laminated layers. Additionally, the first cathode and anode elements 12, 16 are shown fixedly mounted to the second support element 23 by similar mountings. Alternative mounting techniques may be employed.
At least a portion of either the first or second support elements 20, 23 separates an at least partially aligned first cathode and second cathode elements 12, 14. As illustrated, the elongated first cathode element 12 aligns with the substantially rectangular first base 26 portion of the second cathode element 14, through the first support element 20 and second support element 23, with the support elements 20, 23 separated by an optional air gap 70. Similarly shown, the elongated first anode element 16 at least partially aligns with the substantially rectangular second base 32 portion of the second anode element 18 through a portion of the first support element 20 and second support element 23, with the support elements 20, 23 separated by an air gap 70. The aligned portions of the first and second cathode elements 12, 14 are oppositely spaced, on the supporting elements 20, 23, from the aligned portion of the first and second anode elements 16, 18.
The RF generator 22 may be configured to generate a field of electromagnetic radiation (e-field) within the radio frequency spectrum between outputs electrodes and may be electrically coupled between the first cathode element 12 and the first anode element 16 by conductors 36 connected to at least one respective first anode and cathode contact point 38, 40. One such example of an RF signal generated by the RF generator 22 may be 13.56 MHz. The generation of another RF signal, or varying RF signals, is envisioned.
The controller 74 may include memory and may be configured to control the energization of the RF generator 22 according to a plurality of predetermined cycles of drying operation, which may be stored in the memory. Alternatively, the controller 74 may be configured to control the energization of the RF generator 22 according to a dynamic cycle of drying operation not stored in memory. Additionally, the controller 74 may be configured to measure or sense a parameter related to the energization of the RF generator 22, for instance, in at least one of the anode and/or cathode elements 12, 14, 16, 18. Examples of a parameter related to the energization of the RF generator 22 include, but are not limited to, voltage, current, impedance, power level, reflected power, and e-field strength directly or indirectly varied, such as with the use of fluorescent bulbs or near field antennas.
Microwave frequencies are typically applied for cooking food items. However, their high frequency and resulting greater dielectric heating effect make microwave frequencies undesirable for drying laundry articles. Radio frequencies and their corresponding lower dielectric heating effect are typically used for drying of laundry. In contrast with a conventional microwave heating appliance, where microwaves generated by a magnetron are directed into a resonant cavity by a waveguide, the RF generator 22 induces a controlled electromagnetic field between the cathode and anode elements 12, 14, 16, 18. Stray-field or through-field electromagnetic heating provides a relatively deterministic application of power as opposed to conventional microwave heating technologies where the microwave energy is randomly distributed (by way of a stirrer and/or rotation of the load). Consequently, conventional microwave technologies may result in thermal runaway effects or arcing that are not easily mitigated when applied to certain loads (such as metal zippers etc.). Stated another way, using a water analogy where water is analogous to the electromagnetic radiation, a microwave acts as a sprinkler while the above-described RF generator 22 is a wave pool. It is understood that the differences between microwave ovens and RF dryers arise from the differences between the implementation structures of applicator vs. magnetron/waveguide, which renders much of the microwave solutions inapplicable for RF dryers.
Each of the conductive cathode and anode elements 12, 14, 16, 18 remain at least partially spaced from each other by a separating gap, or by non-conductive segments, such as by the first and second support elements 20, 23, or by the optional air gap 70. The support elements 20, 23 may be made of any suitable low loss, fire retardant materials, or at least one layer of insulating materials that isolates the conductive cathode and anode elements 12, 14, 16, 18. The support elements 20, 23 may also provide a rigid structure for the laundry treating applicator 10, or may be further supported by secondary structural elements, such as a frame or truss system. The air gap 70 may provide enough separation to prevent arcing or other unintentional conduction, based on the electrical characteristics of the laundry treating applicator 10. Alternative embodiments are envisioned wherein the RF generator 22 is directly coupled to the respective second cathode and anode elements 14, 18.
Turning now to the partial sectional view of
The aforementioned structure of the laundry treating applicator 10 operates by creating a first capacitive coupling between the first cathode element 12 and the second cathode element 14 separated by at least a portion of the at least one support element 20, 23, a second capacitive coupling between the first anode element 16 and the second anode element 18 separated by at least a portion of the at least one support element 20, 23, and a third capacitive coupling between the pluralities of teeth 28, 34 of the second cathode element 14 and the second anode element 18, at least partially spaced from each other. During drying operations, wet laundry to be dried may be placed on the upper surface 44 of the bed 42. During, for instance, a predetermined cycle of operation, the RF generator 22 may be continuously or intermittently energized to generate an e-field between the first, second, and third capacitive couplings which interacts with liquid in the laundry. The liquid residing within the e-field will be dielectrically heated to effect a drying of the laundry.
The graphs 76, 78 are measured over time, which may be divided by several time periods separated by moments in time. The moments in time may include an initial time to wherein the energization of the RF generator 22 begins, a first time t1, a second time t2, and a third time t3, wherein the energization of the RF generator 22, and consequently, the drying operation, stops. The period of time between t0 and t1 defines a ramp-up period 86. The period of time between t1 and t2 defines a main extraction period 88. Additionally, the period of time between t2 and t3 defines a final extraction period 90.
During the ramp-up period 86, the RF generator 22 may be selectively energized to ramp-up the heating of the laundry, wherein the liquid is extracted at a growing rate. During the main extraction period, the liquid extraction rate is held at a substantially steady, high rate. Finally, during the final extraction period 90, the power levels 80 and plate voltage 82 are stepping lower over a number of intervals which the remaining water is heated from the laundry, corresponding with the falling liquid extraction rate. The power level 80 and plate voltage 82 stepping occurs due to the changing impedance of the drying laundry. As the water is removed from the laundry, the resistance of the laundry rises, and thus the impedance matching between the RF generator 22 and the laundry becomes unbalanced. The power levels 80 and plate voltages 82 are stepped down to allow for better impedance matching and prevent voltage arcing between the anode and cathode elements 12, 14, 16, 18, while keeping the applied power as high as possible to provide maximum water extraction rates. Additionally, the power level 80 stepping keeps power in the impedance matching circuit down, which reduces heat build up on the electrical components. The drying cycle of operation completes at time t3, when the liquid extraction rate reaches zero, and thus, the laundry is sufficiently dry. Alternatively, the drying cycle of operation may complete when the liquid extraction rate falls below a threshold rate.
While there are no specific time indicators illustrated between t2 and t3 of the final extraction period 90, there may be a plurality of time stamps which denote the stepping operations. Additionally, it is envisioned there may be any number of stepping operations during the final extraction period 90. Also, while each the stepping operations of the final extraction period 90 appear last for the same amount of time, varying times are envisioned for each individual stepping operation.
As shown in the top graph 76, the controller 74 controls RF generator 22 to energize the e-field starting at time t0 at a constant power level 80, and holds this constant power level throughout the ramp-up period 86. During the ramp-up period 86, the controller 74 measures the parameter related to the energization, shown as the plate voltage 82, and uses this measured plate voltage 82 to determine a drying cycle of operation for the laundry.
For instance, the controller 74 may use the slope of the plate voltage 82 over the ramp-up period to determine the operating parameters for the rest of the drying cycle. In another example, the controller 74 may compare the measured plated voltage 82 against a reference voltage or value to determine a cycle of operation. In yet another example, the controller 74 may compare the measured plate voltage 82 over the ramp-up period against at least one predetermined cycle of operation, and select a cycle of operation for drying based on similarities or dissimilarities of the measured plate voltage 82 to the predetermined cycle. Additionally, the controller 74 may use the measured parameter related to the energization of the RF generator 22 to calculate a rate at which the textile is drying, the expected rate at which the textile is estimated to dry, the amount of time until the textile material is dry, and/or the amount of time until the drying operation is complete.
In yet another example, the controller 74 may use the parameter related to the energization of the RF generator 22 during the ramp-up period 86 to determine further operating characteristics of the RF generator 22 during the drying operation. For instance, the controller 74 may use the plate voltage 82 to determine a power level 80 to be used in upcoming steps, plate voltage 86, or acceptable plate voltage 86 ranges. In another example, the controller 74 may determine, for instance, a maximum power level 80, maximum plate voltage 82, or a plurality of maximum levels 80 and/or voltages 82 to be used during the following periods 88, 90.
In even yet another example, the controller 74 may use the parameter related to the energization of the RF generator 22 during the ramp-up period 86 to determine a textile material characteristic of the laundry. For instance, the controller 74 may use the plate voltage 82 to determine or estimate the laundry size, quantity, material composition, or acceptable heat levels for drying. The controller 74 may then use the textile material characteristic of the laundry to control the drying cycle of operation according to, for instance, a predetermined profile of drying operation for that material characteristic. In another example, the controller 74 may verify or compare a manually selected material characteristic against the determined material characteristic.
After the controller 74 has determined, measured, or sensed the parameter related to the energization of the RF generator 22, the controller may determine a drying cycle of operation and control the RF generator 22 throughout the main extraction and final extraction periods 88, 90 according to the determined drying cycle of operation. The controller 74 controls the RF generator 22 by controlling the selective energization of the generator 22 for the remaining cycle of operation. The drying cycle of operation may be a predetermined cycle stored in the controller 74 memory, or may be a dynamic profile, as repeatedly adjusted by a plurality of the determination steps, as described above. Either a predetermined or dynamic cycle of drying operation may define operating characteristics such as applied power level 80, acceptable reflected power, anode voltage, cathode voltage, an impedance profile for the RF generator 22, or a maximum value for any above-mentioned operating characteristic or characteristics. Additionally, the operating characteristics may be defined or determined to prevent electrical arcing between the anode and cathode elements 12, 14, 16, 18 during operation.
While the power level 80 is shown remaining steady during the ramp-up period 86, it is envisioned that the level 80 may change dynamically over the ramp-up period 86 in immediate response to the measured parameter relating to the energization of the RF generator 22. Alternatively, the controller 74 may continuously, selectively, or intermittently determine the drying cycle of operation in the ramp-up period 86, the main extraction period 88, and/or the final extraction period 90 to verify the cycle of operation, compare the expected cycle of operation against the actual cycle of operation, or to dynamically adjust the drying cycle of operation.
While the parameter related to the energization of the RF generator 22 is illustrated as the plate voltage 82, additional parameters are envisioned, such as reflected power applied, anode voltage, cathode voltage, and/or impedance. Alternatively, the laundry treating applicator 10 may also include an impedance matching circuit, wherein the circuit may provide a signal or value to the controller 74 representative of the actual or estimated impedance, or the actual or estimated impedance profile of the RF generator 22. Additionally, the top graph 76 and bottom graph 78 merely represent one example of a drying cycle of operation, and thus, alternative period 86, 88, 90 length, power levels 80, plate voltages 82, and stepping operation during the final extraction period 90 are envisioned. For instance, the constant power level 80 during the ramp-up and main extraction periods 86, 88 may be a predetermined level 80 based on a sensed or manually entered characteristic of the laundry load, or may additionally start low and ramp-up, as determined necessary by the controller 74.
Many other possible configurations in addition to that shown in the above figures are contemplated by the present embodiment. For example, the RF generator 22 may be directly connected to the respective second cathode and anode elements 14, 18. In another configuration, one embodiment of the invention contemplates different geometric shapes for the laundry treating applicator, such as substantially longer, rectangular applicator 10 where the cathode and anode elements 12, 14, 16, 18 are elongated along the length of the applicator 10, or the longer applicator 10 includes a plurality of cathode and anode element 12, 14, 16, 18 sets. In such a configuration, the upper surface 44 of the bed 42 may be smooth and slightly sloped to allow for the movement of wet laundry or water across the laundry treating applicator 10, wherein the one or more cathode and anode element 12, 14, 16, 18 sets may be energized individually or in combination by one or more RF generators 22 to dry the laundry as it traverses the applicator 10. Alternatively, the bed 42 may be mechanically configured to move across the elongated laundry treating applicator 10 in a conveyor belt operation, wherein the one or more cathode and anode element 12, 14, 16, 18 sets may be energized individually or in combination by one or more RF generators 22 to dry the laundry as it traverses the applicator 10.
Additionally, a configuration is envisioned wherein only a single support element 20 separates the first cathode and anode elements 12, 16 from their respective second cathode and anode elements 14, 18. This configuration may or may not include the optional air gap 70. In another embodiment, the first cathode element 12, first anode element 16, or both elements 12, 16 may be positioned on the opposing side of the second support element 23, within the air gap 70. In this embodiment, the air gap 70 may still separate the elements 12, 16 from the first support element 20, or the elements 12, 16 may be in communication with the first support element 20. In another configuration, a failure of a component, such as the impedance matching circuit or RF generator 22, may be detected by unexpected spikes or dips in the parameter related to the energization of the RF generator 22, and the laundry treating applicator 10 may respond by, for instance, stopping the cycle of operation.
Many alternative control cycles of operation are envisioned as well. For instance,
Furthermore,
In this embodiment, the support element includes a drum 119 having a non-conducting outer drum 121 having an outer surface 160 and an inner surface 162, and may further include a non-conductive element, such as a sleeve 142. The sleeve 142 further includes an inner surface 144 for receiving and supporting wet laundry. The inner surface 144 of the sleeve 142 may further include optional tumble elements 172, for example, baffles, to enable or prevent movement of laundry. The sleeve 142 and outer drum 121 may be made of any suitable low loss, fire retardant materials that isolate the conductive elements from the articles to be dehydrated. While a sleeve 142 is illustrated, other non-conductive elements are envisioned, such as one or more segments of non-conductive elements, or alternate geometric shapes of non-conductive elements.
As illustrated, the conductive second cathode element 114, and the second anode elements 118 are similarly arranged in a drum configuration and fixedly mounted to the outer surface 143 of the sleeve 142. In this embodiment, the opposing first and second comb elements 124, 130 include respective first and second bases 126, 132 encircling the rotational axis 164, and respective first and second pluralities of teeth 128, 134, interdigitally arranged about the rotational axis 164.
The laundry treating applicator 110 further includes a conductive first cathode element comprising at least a partial cathode ring 112 encircling a first radial segment 166 of the drum 119 and an axially spaced opposing conductive first anode element comprising at least a partial anode ring 116 encircling a second radial segment 168 of the drum 119, which may be different from the first radial segment 166. As shown, at least a portion of the drum 119 separates the at least partially axially-aligned cathode ring 112 and the first base 126 portion of the second cathode elements 114. Similarly, at least a portion of the drum 119 separates the at least partially axially-aligned anode ring 116 and the second base 132 portion of the second anode element 118. Additionally, this configuration aligns the first base 126 with the first radial segment 166, and the second base 132 with the second radial segment 168. Alternate configurations are envisioned where only at least a portion of the drum 119 separates the cathode or anode rings 112, 116 from their respective first and second bases 126, 132.
The RF generator 22 may be configured to generate a field of electromagnetic radiation (e-field) within the radio frequency spectrum between outputs electrodes and may be electrically coupled between the cathode ring 112 and the anode ring 116 by conductors 36 connected to at least one respective cathode and anode ring contact point 138, 140.
Each of the conductive cathode and anode elements 112, 114, 116, 118 remain at least partially spaced from each other by a separating gap, or by non-conductive segments, such as by the outer drum 121. The outer drum 121 may be made of any suitable low loss, fire retardant materials, or at least one layer of insulating materials that isolates the conductive cathode and anode elements 112, 114, 116, 118. The drum 119 may also provide a rigid structure for the laundry treating applicator 110, or may be further supported by secondary structural elements, such as a frame or truss system.
As shown in
The second embodiment of the laundry treating applicator 110 operates by creating a first capacitive coupling between the cathode ring 112 and the second cathode element 114 separated by at least a portion of the drum 119, a second capacitive coupling between the anode ring 116 and the second anode element 118 separated by at least a portion of the drum 119, and a third capacitive coupling between the pluralities of teeth 128, 134 of the second cathode element 114 and the second anode element 118, at least partially spaced from each other.
During drying operations, wet laundry to be dried may be placed on the inner surface 144 of the sleeve 142. During a cycle of operation, the drum 119 may rotate about the rotational axis 164 at a speed at which the tumble elements 172 may enable, for example, a folding or sliding motion of the laundry articles. During rotation, the RF generator 22 may be off, or may be continuously or intermittently energized to generate an e-field between the first, second, and third capacitive couplings which interacts with liquid in the laundry. The liquid interacting with the e-field located within the inner surface 144 will be dielectrically heated to effect a drying of the laundry.
Many other possible configurations in addition to that shown in the above figures are contemplated by the present embodiment. For example, in another configuration, the cathode and anode rings 112, 116 may encircle larger or smaller radial segments, or may completely encircle the drum 119 at first and second radial segments 166, 168, as opposed to just partially encircling the drum 119 at a first and second radial segments 166, 168. In yet another configuration, the first and second bases 126 and 132 and the first and second plurality of teeth 128, 134 may only partially encircle the drum 119 as opposed to completely encircling the drum 119. In even another configuration, the pluralities of teeth 28, 34, 128, 134 may be supported by slotted depressions in the support element 20 or sleeve 142 matching the teeth 28, 34, 128, 134 for improved dielectric, heating, or manufacturing characteristics of the applicator. In another configuration, the second cathode and anode elements 114, 118 may only partially extend along the outer surface 143 of the sleeve 142. In yet another configuration, the RF generator 22 may directly connect to the respective second cathode and anode elements 114, 118.
In an alternate operation of the second embodiment, the RF generator 22 may be intermittently energized to generate an e-field between the first, second, and third capacitive couplings, wherein the intermittent energizing may be related to the rotation of the drum 119, or may be timed to correspond with one of aligned capacitive couplings, tumbling of the laundry, or power requirements of the laundry treating applicator 110. In another alternate operation of the second embodiment, the RF generator 22 may be moving during the continuous or intermittent energizing of the e-field between the first, second, and third capacitive couplings. For instance, the RF generator 22 may rotate about the rotational axis 164 at similar or dissimilar periods and directions as the drum 119. In yet another alternate operation of the second embodiment, the drum may be rotationally stopped or rotationally slowed while the RF generator 22 continuously or intermittently energizes to generate an e-field between the first, second, and third capacitive couplings.
Additionally, the same anode ring 116 and cathode ring 112 (not shown) are elongated about a larger radial segment of the drum 119. Alternatively, the cathode ring 112, anode ring 116, or both rings 112, 116 may be positioned on the opposing side of the outer drum 121, within the air gap 270. In this embodiment, the air gap 270 may still separate the elements 112, 116 from the second drum element 223, or the elements 112, 116 may be in communication with the second drum element 223. The operation of the third embodiment is similar to that of the second embodiment.
In this embodiment, the assembled cathode and anode rings 312, 316 are electrically isolated by, for example, at least a portion of the drum 319 or air gap (not shown). In this sense, the laundry treating applicator 310 retains the first and second capacitive couplings of the second embodiment.
The RF generator 22 may be configured to generate a field of electromagnetic radiation (e-field) within the radio frequency spectrum between outputs electrodes and may be electrically coupled between the cathode ring 312 and the anode ring 316 by conductors 36 connected to at least one respective cathode and anode ring contact point 338, 340. In this embodiment, the cathode and anode ring contact points 338, 340 may further include direct conductive coupling through additional components of the dryer cabinet supporting the rotating drum 319, such as via ball bearings, or via an RF slip ring. Other direct conductive coupling through additional components of the dryer cabinet may be envisioned.
The fourth embodiment of the laundry treating applicator 310 operates by creating a first capacitive coupling between the cathode ring 312 and the second cathode element 114 separated by at least a portion of the drum 319 or air gap, a second capacitive coupling between the anode ring 316 and the second anode element 118 separated by at least a portion of the drum 319 or air gap. During rotation, the RF generator 22 may be off, or may be continuously or intermittently energized to generate an e-field between the first, second, and third capacitive couplings which interacts with liquid in the laundry. The liquid interacting with the e-field located within the inner surface 144 will be dielectrically heated to effect a drying of the laundry.
Many other possible embodiments and configurations in addition to those shown in the above figures are contemplated by the present disclosure. For example, alternate geometric configurations of the first and second pluralities of teeth are envisioned wherein the interleaving of the teeth are designed to provide optimal electromagnetic coupling while keeping their physical size to a minimum. Additionally, the spacing between the pluralities of teeth may be larger or smaller than illustrated.
The embodiments disclosed herein provide a laundry treating applicator using RF generator to dielectrically heat liquid in wet articles to effect a drying of the articles. One advantage that may be realized in the above embodiments may be that the above described embodiments are able to dry articles of clothing during rotational or stationary activity, allowing the most efficient e-field to be applied to the clothing for particular cycles or clothing characteristics. A further advantage of the above embodiments may be that the above embodiments allow for selective energizing of the RF generator according to such additional design considerations as efficiency or power consumption during operation.
Additionally, the design of the anode and cathode may be controlled to allow for individual energizing of particular RF generators in a single or multi-generator embodiment. The effect of individual energization of particular RF generators results in avoiding anode/cathode pairs that would result in no additional material drying (if energized), reducing the unwanted impedance of additional anode/cathode pairs and electromagnetic fields inside the drum, and an overall reduction to energy costs of a drying cycle of operation due to increased efficiencies. Finally, reducing unwanted fields will help reduce undesirable coupling of energy into isolation materials between capacitive coupled regions.
Moreover, the capacitive couplings in embodiments of the invention allow the drying operations to move or rotate freely without the need for physical connections between the RF generator and the pluralities of teeth. Due to the lack of physical connections, there will be fewer mechanical couplings to moving or rotating embodiments of the invention, and thus, an increased reliability appliance.
Additionally, the embodiments herein provide a laundry treating applicator configured to create a custom cycle of drying for the laundry, or determine an optimized drying cycle of operation according to the material characteristics and available power levels. By adjusting the drying cycle of operation, the appliance may perform the cycle faster, and dry the laundry more completely, saving a user time and effort while avoiding additional drying cycles.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/373,550, filed Dec. 9, 2016, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,323,881, issued Jun. 18, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/177,748, filed Jun. 9, 2016, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,540,759, on Jan. 10, 2017, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/044,092, filed Oct. 2, 2013, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,410,282, on Aug. 9, 2016, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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| 20190271504 A1 | Sep 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 14044092 | Oct 2013 | US |
| Child | 15177748 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 15373550 | Dec 2016 | US |
| Child | 16418160 | US | |
| Parent | 15177748 | Jun 2016 | US |
| Child | 15373550 | US |
