Patent Application
20060253401
This application claims the benefit of priority from Korean Patent Application No. 10-2005-0038493, filed on May 9, 2005, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention broadly relates to digital content protection and, more particularly, to an apparatus for and a method of efficiently encrypting and/or decrypting digital content according to a broadcast encryption scheme.
2. Description of the Related Art
Recently, the transmission of digital contents using a variety of communication media including the Internet, ground wave, cable, and satellites and sales and rental of digital contents using high capacity recording media have rapidly increased. Accordingly, digital rights management (DRM) that is a solution to protect copyright of digital contents has been emerging as an important issue. Among technologies related to the DRM, research on a broadcast encryption scheme, (by which widely distributed digital contents are protected by encrypting the digital contents broadcast by using recording media, such as a CD, a DVD and the Internet), has been actively conducted.
Referring to
Also, in order to decrypt the content encrypted according to the conventional broadcast encryption scheme, a 2-stepped decryption process should be performed in which the encrypted content key is decrypted by using a revocation key and the encrypted content is decrypted by using the obtained content key.
The revocation key described above is allocated to each of devices to which the broadcast encryption scheme is applied, and among these devices, a device that cannot be protected any more by the broadcast encryption scheme due to exposure of the revocation key or to other reasons is revoked. Thus, revoked device cannot decrypt a digital content complying with the broadcast encryption scheme by using a revocation key that the revoked device has.
Referring to
The top node among the nodes of the tree is referred to as a root node, and a node at the bottom is referred to as a leaf node. According to the conventional broadcast encryption scheme, each of the devices corresponds to one of the leaf nodes and keys {Ki} of nodes, positioned on a path from a respective leaf node of the respective device to the root node, are allocated to the device.
For example, in case of key set allocation of a device 1, keys of nodes positioned on the path from the leaf node corresponding to the device 1 to the root node are K1, K2, K4, and K8 and these keys are allocated to the device 1.
If all devices are not revoked, a content server performing broadcast encryption encrypts a content key by using only the key K1 of the root node, and a device performing decryption corresponding to the broadcast encryption decrypts the encrypted content key by using only the key K1 of the root node. Also, if only devices 1 and 2 are revoked among the devices, the content server performing broadcast encryption encrypts a content key by using revocation keys K3 and K5, and a device performing decryption corresponding to the broadcast encryption decrypts the encrypted key by using the revocation keys K3 and K5.
However, according to the conventional broadcast encryption scheme, the content server performing broadcast encryption should encrypt a content key by always using a revocation key, and the device performing decryption corresponding to the broadcast encryption should decrypt the encrypted content by always using the revocation key. In other words, a revocation key is used whether a revoked device is present or not. Accordingly, this increases the computational load on the content server and the device to which the conventional broadcast encryption scheme is applied.
The present invention provides an apparatus and method of protecting digital content by selectively encrypting and/or decrypting a content key according to whether there is a revoked device among devices to which a broadcast encryption scheme is applied.
The present invention also provides a computer readable recording medium having embodied thereon a computer program for executing the method described above.
Illustrative, non-limiting embodiments of the present invention may overcome the above disadvantages and other disadvantages not described above. The present invention is not necessarily required to overcome any of the disadvantages described above, and the illustrative, non-limiting embodiments of the present invention may not overcome any of the problems described above. The appended claims should be consulted to ascertain the true scope of the invention.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a decryption method including: determining whether or not there is a revoked device among devices having licenses for predetermined content; and according to the determination result, selectively decrypting a content key encrypted by using a key to prevent the revoked device from decrypting the predetermined content, wherein the content key is the key used to encrypt the predetermined content.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a decryption apparatus including: a determination unit determining whether or not there is a revoked device among devices having licenses for predetermined content; and a decryption unit selectively decrypting a content key encrypted by using a key to prevent the revoked device from decrypting the predetermined content, according to the determination result of the determination unit, wherein the content key is the key used to encrypted the predetermined content.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable recording medium having embodied thereon a computer program for executing the decryption method described above.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an encryption method including: determining whether or not there is a revoked device among devices having licenses for predetermined content; and according to the determination result, selectively encrypting a content key used to encrypt the predetermined content by using a key to prevent the revoked device from decrypting the predetermined content.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided an encryption apparatus including: a determination unit determining whether or not there is a revoked device among devices having licenses for predetermined content; and an encryption unit selectively encrypting a content key used to encrypt the predetermined content by using a key to prevent the revoked device from decrypting the predetermined content, according to the determination result of the determination unit.
According to an additional aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable recording medium having embodied thereon a computer program for executing the encryption method described above.
According to an additional aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer readable recording medium having a data structure recorded thereon, the data structure including: a first field recording encrypted content; and a second field recording license information on the content, wherein the second field includes a first subfield that records a value indicating whether or not there is a revoked device among devices having licenses for the content.
The above and/or other features of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary, non-limiting embodiments thereof with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
The present invention will now be described more fully by describing exemplary, non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings same reference characters denote analogous elements.
Referring to
The content server 10 encrypts a content key by using a revocation key {Ki} only when there is a revoked device among the devices 11 through 16, and if there is no revoked device among the devices 11 through 16, the process of encrypting a content key by using the revocation key {Ki} is omitted.
Accordingly, only when there is a revoked device among the devices 11 through 16, the devices 11 through 16 decrypt the content key {E(Ki, CK)} encrypted by using the revocation key {Ki}, and if there is no revoked device among the devices 11 through 16 (as depicted in
Thus, by encrypting a content key using the revocation key {Ki} only when there is a revoked device and decrypting the encrypted content key, unnecessary encryption process and decryption process that occurred when no revoked device is present can be eliminated.
Referring to
The reception unit 101 receives a content and license information with respect to the content. The reception unit 101 may receive this content and the license information related to the content provided by the content producer through a network such as the Internet, or may receive them through a recording medium such as a DVD.
By referring to the license information received in the reception unit 101, the revocation determination unit 102 determines whether or not there is a revoked device among the devices 11 through 16 having licenses on the content received in the reception unit 101, and according to the determination result, the revocation determination unit 102 connects the first encryption unit 103 to the second encryption unit 104 or to the third encryption unit 105.
More specifically, if the revocation key {Ki} in the license information received in the reception unit 101 is the root key K1, the revocation determination unit 102 determines that there is no revoked device among the devices 11 through 16 having licenses for the content received in the reception unit 101, and if the revocation key {Ki} in the license information received in the reception unit 101 is not the root key K1, the revocation determination unit 102 determines that there is a revoked device among the devices 11 through 16 having licenses for the content received in the reception unit 101.
The first encryption unit 103 encrypts the content received in the reception unit 101 with a content key corresponding to this content. As the result of the encryption in the first encryption unit 103, the encrypted content E(CK, Content) is generated. When the content server 10 is manufactured, the content key is stored in a place where the key can be protected safely from an intrusion from the outside.
According to the determination result of the revocation determination unit 102, the second encryption unit 104 selectively encrypts the content key used for the encryption in the first encryption unit 103 by using a revocation key {Ki} to prevent a revoked device from decrypting the content received in the reception unit 101. As the result of the encryption in the second encryption unit 104, an encrypted content key {E(Ki, CK)} is generated.
More specifically, if it is determined by the revocation determination unit 102 that there is a revoked device, that is, if the revocation key {Ki} in the license information received in the reception unit 101 is not the root key K1, the second encryption unit 104 is connected to the first encryption by the revocation determination unit 102 and as the result, the content key used for the encryption in the first encryption unit 102 is encrypted by using a revocation key {Ki}. Also, if it is determined by the revocation determination unit 102 that there is no revoked device, that is, if the revocation key {Ki} in the license information received in the reception unit 101 is the root key K1, the second encryption unit 104 is not connected to the first encryption by the revocation determination unit 102, and as the result, the content key is not encrypted by using the revocation key K1.
According to the determination result of the revocation determination unit 102, the third encryption unit 105 generates an encrypted content key E(Kd, CK) by encrypting the content key used for the encryption in the first encryption unit 103, or generates a double-encrypted content key E[Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}] by encrypting the content key encrypted by the second encryption unit 104.
More specifically, if it is determined by the revocation determination unit 102 that there is a revoked device, the third encryption unit 105 generates the double-encrypted content key E[Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}] by encrypting the content key encrypted by the second encryption unit 104. Also, if it is determined by the revocation determination unit 102 that there is no revoked device, the third encryption unit 105 is connected to the first encryption unit 103 by the revocation determination unit 102 and generates the encrypted content key E(Kd, CK) by encrypting the content key used for the encryption in the first encryption unit 103.
According to an encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16, the third encryption unit 105 encrypts the content key used for the encryption in the first encryption unit 103, or encrypts the content key encrypted by the second encryption unit 104. For example, if the encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16 is a secret key encryption scheme, the content server 10 and each of the devices 11 through 16 share one secret key and by using this secret key, the third encryption unit 105 encrypts the content key used for the encryption in the first encryption unit 103, or encrypts the content key encrypted in the second encryption unit 104.
Also, if the encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16 is a public key encryption scheme, the content server 10 has respective public keys of the devices 11 through 16 and each of the devices 11 through 16 has a private key paired with one public key. By using these public keys, the third encryption unit 105 encrypts the content used for the encryption in the first encryption unit 103, or encrypts the content key encrypted in the second encryption unit 104.
These secret and public keys can be used with an identical value in a predetermined domain, such as for instance a home network shown in
The packet generation unit 106 generates a packet including license information received in the reception unit 101, the content encrypted by the first encryption unit 103, and the content key encrypted by the third encryption unit 105.
Referring to
License information that is based on the license information received in the reception unit 101 is recorded in the license information field 51. The content key encrypted by the third encryption unit 105 is recorded in the encrypted content key field 52. The content key encrypted by the first encryption unit 103 is recorded in the encrypted content field 53.
Referring again to
A value indicating the determination result of the revocation determination unit 102, that is, a value indicating whether or not there is a revoked device, is recorded in the revocation presence subfield 511. More specifically, if it is determined by the revocation determination unit 102 that there is a revoked device, True (binary 1), a value indicating that there is a revoked device, is recorded in the revocation presence subfield 511. Also, if it is determined by the revocation determination unit 102 that there is no revoked device, False (binary 0), a value indicating that there is no revoked device, is recorded in the revocation presence subfield 511. That is, the revocation presence subfield 511 may be a flag indicating whether or not there is a revoked device.
Information on the use of a content, such as copy control information (CCI), is recorded in the usage information subfield 512. The CCI is information indicating whether or not the content can be copied, the frequency of permitted copy, and so on.
The identification (ID) of a device having a license for a content to be included in a packet to be generated in the packet generation unit 106 is recorded in the device information subfield 513.
Key information on an encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16 is recorded in the key information subfield 514. For example, if the encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16 is a public key encryption method, a public key is recorded in the key information subfield 514.
Information on a digital content to be included in the packet to be generated in the packet generation unit 106, for example, the content editor, the content owner, and the contents of the digital content, is recorded in the content information subfield 515.
The transmission unit 107 transmits the packet generated in the packet generation unit 106 to the devices 11 through 16 through the home network.
Referring to
With reference to
The reception unit 111 receives a packet from the content server 10 through a home network.
The packet interpretation unit 112 interprets the packet received in the reception unit 111, and as the result, detects that the received packet is formed with a license information field 51, an encrypted content key field 52, and an encrypted content field 53, and detects, in particular, that the license information field 51 is formed with a revocation presence subfield 511, a usage information subfield 512, a device information subfield 513, a key information subfield 514, and a content information subfield 515.
By referring to the value of the revocation presence subfield 511 detected according to the interpretation result of the packet interpretation unit 112, the revocation determination unit 113 determines whether or not there is a revoked device among the devices 11 through 16 having licenses to obtain content included in an encrypted form in the packet received in the reception unit 111, and according to the determination result, the packet interpretation unit 112 connects the first decryption unit 114 to the second decryption unit 115 or to the third decryption unit 116.
More specifically, if the value of the revocation presence subfield 511 detected according to the interpretation result of the packet interpretation unit 112 indicates that there is a revoked device, that is, the value is True (binary 1), the revocation determination unit 113 determines that there is a revoked device among the devices 11 through 16 having licenses for content included in an encrypted form in the packet received in the reception unit 111. Also, if the value of the revocation presence subfield 511 detected according to the interpretation result of the packet interpretation unit 112 indicates that there is no revoked device, that is, the value is False (binary 0), the revocation determination unit 113 determines that there is no revoked device among the devices 11 through 16 having licenses for content included in an encrypted form in the packet received in the reception unit 111.
The first decryption unit 114 decrypts an encrypted content key E[Kd, {{E(Ki, CK)}}] or E(Kd, CK) recorded in the encrypted content key field 52 detected according to the interpretation result of the packet interpretation unit 112. As the result of the decryption in the first decryption unit 114, the encrypted content key {{E(Ki, CK)}} or the content key CK is generated.
If there is a revoked device, there will be a double-encrypted content key [Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}] recorded in the encrypted content key field 52, and if there is no revoked device, there will be an encrypted content key E(Kd, CK) recorded in the encrypted content key field 52. However, regardless of whether [Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}] or E(Kd, CK) is recorded in the encrypted content key field 52, the first decryption unit 114 only needs to decrypt data recorded in the encrypted content key field 52 mechanically by using a predetermined key Kd.
The first decryption unit 114 decrypts the encrypted content key E[Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}] or E(Kd, CK) according to the encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16.
For example, if the encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16 is a secret key encryption scheme, the content server 10 and each of the devices 11 through 16 share one secret key and by using this secret key the first decryption unit 114 decrypts the encrypted content key E[Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}] or E(Kd, CK) by using this secret key.
Also, if the encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16 is a public key encryption scheme, the content server 10 has respective public keys of the devices 11 through 16 and each of the devices 11 through 16 has a private key paired with one public key. The first decryption unit 114 decrypts the encrypted content key E[Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}] or E(Kd, CK) by using this private key.
By using a revocation key {Ki} to prevent a revoked device from decrypting a content included in an encrypted form in the packet received in the reception unit 111, the second decryption unit 115 selectively decrypts the encrypted content key {E(Ki, CK)} according to the determination result of the revocation determination unit 113. As the result of the decryption in the second decryption unit 115, a content key CK is generated.
More specifically, if it is determined by the revocation determination unit 113 that there is a revoked device, that is, if the value of the revocation presence subfield 511 is True (binary 1), the second decryption unit 115 is connected to the first decryption unit 114 by the revocation determination unit 113, and as the result, the second decryption unit 115 decrypts the encrypted content key {E(Ki, CK)}, that is, the decryption result of the first decryption unit 114, by using a revocation key {Ki}.
Also, if it is determined by the revocation determination unit 113 that there is no revoked device, that is, if the value of the revocation presence subfield 511 is False (binary 0), the second decryption unit 115 is not connected to the first decryption unit 114 by the revocation determination unit 113, and as the result, the second decryption unit 115 does not decrypt the encrypted content key {E(Ki, CK)} by using a revocation key {Ki}. In this case, the content key CK is already generated by the decryption in the first decryption unit 114 and the encrypted content key {E(Ki, CK)} does not exist.
The third decryption unit 116 decrypts the encrypted content E(CK, Content) recorded in the encrypted content field 53 detected according to the interpretation result in the packet interpretation unit 112, by using the content key CK decrypted by the first decryption unit 114 or the content key CK decrypted by the second decryption unit 115 according to the determination result of the revocation determination unit 113. As the result of the decryption in the third decryption unit 116, the content that the content server 10 desires to provide to the device 11 is generated.
More specifically, if it is determined by the revocation determination unit 113 that there is a revoked device, the third decryption unit 116 decrypts the encrypted content E(CK, Content) recorded in the encrypted content field 53 detected according to the interpretation result in the packet interpretation unit 112, by using the content key CK decrypted by the second decryption unit 115. Also, if it is determined by the revocation determination unit 113 that there is no revoked device, the third decryption unit 116 is connected to the first decryption unit 114 by the revocation determination unit 113 and decrypts the encrypted content E(CK, Content) recorded in the encrypted content field 53 detected according to the interpretation result in the packet interpretation unit 112, by using the content key CK decrypted by the first decryption unit 114.
The content output unit 117 outputs the content decrypted by the third decryption unit 116 to a user. The content output unit 117 processes the content in a method corresponding to the characteristic of the content and outputs the content to the user. For example, if the content is in a compressed form, the content output unit 117 decompresses the content and outputs the result to the user. However, this is provided by way of a non-limiting example and those skilled in the art of the present invention will understand that the content output unit 117 can process a variety of jobs in order to output the content decrypted by the third decryption unit 116 to the user.
Referring to
In operation 71, the content server 10 receives content and license information on this content.
In operation 72, by referring to the license information received in the operation 71, the content server 10 determines whether or not there is a revoked device among the devices 11 through 16, that have a license for the content received in the operation 71.
In operation 73, the content server 10 encrypts the content received in the operation 71 with a content key corresponding to this content. As the result of the encryption in the operation 73, an encrypted content E(CK, Content) is generated.
In operation 74, if it is determined in the operation 72 that there is a revoked device, the content server 10 encrypts the content key used for the encryption in the operation 73, by using a revocation key {Ki} to prevent the revoked device from decrypting the content received in the operation 71. As the result of the encryption in the operation 74, an encrypted content key {E(Ki, CK)} is generated.
In operation 75, if it is determined in the operation 72 that there is no revoked device, the content server 10 generates a double-encrypted content key E[Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}], by encrypting the content key encrypted in the operation 74 with a key Kd according to an encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16. Also, in operation 75, if it is determined in the operation 72 that there is no revoked device, the content server 10 generates an encrypted content key E(Kd, CK), by encrypting the content key used for the encryption in the operation 73 with a key Kd according to an encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16.
In operation 76, the content server 10 generates a packet including the license information received in the operation 71, the content encrypted in the operation 73, and the content key encrypted in the operation 75.
In operation 77, the content server 10 transmits the packet generated in the operation 76 to the devices 11 through 16 through a home network.
Referring to
In operation 81, the device 11 receives a packet from the content server 10 shown in
In operation 82, the device 11 interprets the packet received in the operation 81 and as the result, detects that the received packet is formed with a license information field 51, an encrypted content key field 52, and an encrypted content field 53, and detects in particular, that the license information field 51 is formed with a revocation presence subfield 511, a usage information subfield 512, a device information subfield 513, a key information subfield 514, and a content information subfield 515.
In operation 83, the device 11 decrypts the encrypted content key E[Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}] or E(Kd, CK) recorded in the encrypted content key field 52 detected according to the interpretation result of the operation 82, by using a key Kd according to an encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16. As the result of the decryption in the operation 83, an encrypted content key E[Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}] or E(Kd, CK) is generated. As described above, E[Kd, {E(Ki, CK)}] is a double-encrypted content key encrypted by using a key Kd according to the encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16, and a revocation key {Ki} to prevent decryption of the content included in an encrypted form in the packet received in the reception unit 11. Meanwhile, E(Kd, CK) is a content key encrypted by using only the key Kd according to the encryption algorithm between the content server 10 and the devices 11 through 16.
In operation 84, by referring to the value of the revocation presence subfield detected according to the interpretation result of the operation 82, the device 11 determines whether or not there is a revoked device among the devices 11 through 16 that have the licenses for the content included in an encrypted form in the packet received in the operation 81.
In operation 85, if it is determined in the operation 84 that there is a revoked device, the device 11 decrypts the encrypted content key {E(Ki, CK)} that is the result of the decryption in the operation 83, by using a revocation key {Kl} to prevent decryption of the content included in an encrypted form in the packet received in the operation 81. As the result of the decryption in the operation 85, a content key CK is generated.
In operation 86, if it is determined in the operation 84 that there is a revoked device, the device 11 decrypts the encrypted content E(CK, Content) recorded in the encrypted content field 53 detected according to the interpretation result of the operation 82, by using the content key CK decrypted in the operation 85.
Also, in operation 86, if it is determined in the operation 84 that there is no revoked device, the device 11 decrypts the encrypted content E(CK, Content) recorded in the encrypted content field 53 detected according to the interpretation result of the packet interpretation unit 112, by using the content key CK decrypted in the operation 83. As the result of the decryption in the operation 86, the content that the content server 10 desires to provide to the device 11 is generated.
In operation 87, the device 11 outputs the content decrypted in the operation 86 to the user.
According to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, only when there is a revoked device among devices to which the broadcast encryption scheme is applied, a content key is encrypted by using a revocation key, and the encrypted content key is decrypted. By doing so, an unnecessary encryption process and decryption process that occurs when there is no revoked device are not performed any more. As a result, contents can be more efficiently protected.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be written as computer programs and can be implemented in general-use digital computers that execute the programs using a computer readable recording medium. Also, the data structure used in the exemplary embodiments of the present invention described above can be recorded on a computer readable recording medium through a variety of ways.
Examples of the computer readable recording medium include magnetic storage media (e.g., ROM, floppy disks, hard disks, etc.), optical recording media (e.g., CD-ROMs, or DVDs), and storage media such as carrier waves (e.g., transmission through the Internet).
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to the exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims. The preferred embodiments should be considered in descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined not by the detailed description of the exemplary embodiments but by the appended claims, and all differences within the scope will be construed as being included in the present invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2005-0038493 | May 2005 | KR | national |
