Patent Grant
10565821
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a system and method for allowing a plurality of consumers to each select his or her own fixed odds and associated payoff (assuming the wager wins) from a common universal drawing by subdividing one drawing event into a series of variable sized “bins” that reduce wagered odds to a subset of the greater overall odds of the universal drawing. This reduction in wagered odds (i.e., greater chance of winning from a consumer's perspective) is achieved by creating a plurality of bins each containing a portion of the possible universal drawing outcomes, the totality of bins thereby containing 100% of the possible drawing outcomes. Additionally, a modulo operation is performed to create a unique pointer for each of the previously created bins. Thus, any desired subset of reduced wagering odds can be achieved with the virtual creation of the corresponding number of bins. This system creates new flexible wagering to allow consumers to fine tune their wagers to whatever risk and reward potential payoffs they desire, thereby greatly enhancing the marketability and desirability of “standard” draw games.
2. Background
Typically, a draw game is a form of gambling that involves wagering on a future drawing of numbers or other indicia in “lots” for a prize. The history of draw games can be traced back thousands of years. By most accounts, draw games originated in China with a game that is now known as “Keno” that was utilized by the state to raise funds for the construction of the Great Wall of China.
Most modern lottery draw games allow consumers to purchase tickets for future drawings with prizes ranging from fixed cash awards to forms of parimutuel or “parimutuality” (i.e., where the allocated portion of winnings are equally shared among all winners of a particular level) payouts. While lotteries and other gaming venues typically allow consumers to choose their own numbers or other indicia, a substantial majority of consumers make wagers via “quick picks”—e.g., allowing a random or pseudorandom number generator to select the wager numbers automatically for a consumer. One possible reason for the consumer's preference for quick picks is that (since it is unlikely that two people will receive the same “random” numbers) the possibility of multiple winners for the same drawing is presumably less, whereas “parimutuality” type draw games inherently can result in the undesirable consequence of a large number of winners for any given drawing, resulting in each winner realizing a significantly reduced prize.
This problem of wagering for a draw game prize where the prize return is uncertain at the time of wager is endemic with most large draw game prizes. For example, if the “parimutuality” game Powerball® realized sales of $100,000,000 with a 50% prize fund and only one ticket had the winning numbers for a given drawing, the ticket holder would be awarded a prize valued at $50,000,000. However, with the same Powerball sales of $100,000,000 and 50% prize fund, if there were two winning tickets for the same drawing, each ticket holder would only receive $25,000,000 instead of the $50,000,000 prize award with a single winner. This reduction in individual player winnings would continue as more winning tickets were identified for a given drawing.
Aside from the problem of potentially varying prize payouts, the classical fixed number of outcomes for a given draw game type dictate various prize tiers that may not be appealing to all types of consumers. For example, assume three different draw games, all with different wager types, all with 100% payouts, and all where each wager costs $1. Thus, the three exemplary draw games could be:
Some notable attempts have been made to introduce variable odds and payouts into various gambling games—e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,938,196 (Antoja); U.S. Pat. No. 6,234,478 (Smith); U.S. Pat. No. 8,662,998 (Schueller); and U.S. Pat. No. 9,687,740 (Grubmueller). However, Antoja simply teaches implementing slot machine adjustable pay schedules with a predictable payout (column 2, lines 8 through 11) and is therefore limited in its applicability to most draw games as well as its restricted pay schedules enabling only a small amount of variability. These same basic concepts are taught in a different, game dial, embodiment in Smith with consequently the same disadvantages. Schueller teaches the same general concept with the embodiment of electronically swapping various “assets” that in some embodiments can include pay schedules or tables; thereby offering greater variety, but with limited applicability to draw games in general. Finally, while Grubmueller does specifically addresses draw games, the adjustability and variability of Grubmueller is achieved with the inclusion of “side events” that are linked to a “main event” or drawing. Therefore, with Grubmueller the odds, flexibility, and payout of the “main event” draw game remains unaltered with only “side events” or bets offering variability. Thus, the prior art is largely silent on how to introduce variable odds, flexibility, and payouts to a single draw game event.
Prior art related to providing fixed assured payouts with parimutuel wagering systems tend to be focused on horse race tracks (e.g., U.S. patent application Publication No. 2009/0131132 (Kohls et al.). However, horse race tracks are relatively small networks where delivering parimutuel odds and other data in real time or near rear time does not pose any significant computational challenge, with the actual payouts being available in real time at the time of the wager. In contrast, lottery related draw game systems prior art tends to exclusively focus on new types of games and the systems to support them with no regard to enabling fixed payouts at the time of wagering and/or variable odds, flexibility, and payouts to a single draw game event—e.g., U.S. patent application Publication Nos. 2003/0050109 (Caro et al.); 2004/0058726 (Klugman); 2009/0131132 (Kohls et al.); 2009/0227320 (McBride); 2010/0222136 (Goto et al.); 2011/0281629 (Meyer); 2013/0244745 (Guziel et al.); and U.S. Pat. No. 8,747,209 (Badrich).
Therefore, in order to enhance the appeal of draw games to a broader market base, it is highly desirable to develop draw game systems where prize payouts are known at the time of the wager where a consumer or other entity can select his or her desired odds and payout. Ideally, these draw game systems are game type independent, thereby offering the greatest utility to lotteries and other draw game system providers.
Objects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through practice of the present invention.
A method and system are provided for variable and flexible draw game systems utilizing computer hardware. The variability and flexibility of the present invention is principally derived by subdividing one universal drawing event into a series of variable sized “bins” that reduce wagered odds to a subset of the greater odds of the universal drawing. This reduction in wagered odds (i.e., greater chance of winning from a consumer's perspective) is achieved by creating a plurality of bins, each containing a portion of the possible universal drawing outcomes, the totality of bins thereby containing 100% of the possible drawing outcomes. Once the correct number of bins required to achieve the desired odds and associated payout is created, a consumer selects or is assigned a number (modulo) and bin size required to provide the desired odds and payout. A modulo operation is then performed to create a series of pointers, one or more pointer(s) for each of the created bins. Each pointer thereby selects at least one unique draw bet number in each bin, the totality of the selected draw bet numbers from all the bins constituting the consumer's wager for the universal drawing. Thus, by varying the number of bins and/or the modulus, a substantial plurality of variable wager odds and corresponding prize payouts can be achieved so long as the selected odds are less than the overall odds for the universal drawing.
Whenever a wager is made, the selected or assigned modulo number is printed on the wager ticket receipt along with the selected payout. When the drawing occurs, the associated winning modulo number for each prize payout level can be posted, thereby allowing consumers to easily determine if their particular wager won a prize by simply looking up their prize payout level and seeing if their printed wager number matched the winning number for that prize payout.
Described are mechanisms, systems, and methodologies related to constructing variable odds draw game systems utilizing computer hardware thereby enabling methods of inexpensive operation enabling hitherto unknown variable and flexible betting formats from a common universal draw game. The key innovations are the division of all possible outcomes into a series of n bins as well as assignments of corresponding numbers and moduli at the time a wager is made, thereby enabling high-speed variable and flexible betting.
In a general embodiment, a draw game system is disclosed that provides consumer selectable varying odds and payouts in real time that are not available via prior art systems. The variability and flexibility of the present invention is achieved from determining the desired bin size and corresponding number and modulus for the desired odds at the time of wager. After the drawing occurs, the redemption system utilizes the stored bin sizes as well as the associated moduli numbers from all wagers to determine the appropriate winners (if any) for the single universal drawing.
As an inherent aspect of this general embodiment, the disclosed variable and flexible draw game system architecture readily accommodates ergonomic consumer redemption by displaying the wager number that was assigned to the bet at the time of the wager on the draw game paper ticket or digital embodiment. This displayed number can be verified against posted winning modulo numbers for the odds wagered. This is possible because there is only one winning number and modulo for each set of odds. Thus, the consumer only needs to know his or her number to determine if the wager was a winner. Alternatively, a consumer would have to check their millions, billions, trillions, etc. of numbers wagered to determine if any one matched the universal draw number.
This inherent aspect of the saved modulo for each bet determining the winner further expedites the drawing settlement process—i.e., after sales for a particular draw game are closed and the winning sequence of numbers is determined. After the drawing process is completed, the relatively trivial calculations needed to determine a winner with each set of bet odds allows winning tickets to be settled almost immediately.
In a specific embodiment, the draw game system enabled by the present invention provides can provide fixed (i.e., guaranteed) payout values at the time of wager for vast pluralities of odds instead of approximate amounts typical of parimutuel or “parimutuality” draw games. These fixed payout values are sustainable since a common Expected Value (EV) is maintained across all bet odds.
In another specific embodiment, the variable draw game system supports consumer selectable modulo numbers from a given range. These consumers selectable modulo numbers can be in the form of direct selection or the result of a game (e.g., virtual digital rotary wheel).
In an alternative embodiment, the variable and flexible draw game system is configured to provide a flexible progressive type wagering opportunity where the plurality of virtual bins remains static over a plurality of universal drawings. Thus, subsets of matching numbers or other indicia from the plurality of universal drawings can be specified such that once a predetermined threshold of matching number subsets is achieved for an individual consumer, a prize is awarded. Since there will be an uncertain number of universal drawing iterations until the prize is awarded, the progressive jackpot will increase each time a universal drawing is played and the jackpot is not won. When the progressive jackpot is won, the jackpot for the next play is reset to a predetermined value, and resumes increasing under the same method.
Described are a number of mechanisms and methodologies that provide practical details for reliably developing a variable and flexible draw game system from commonly available (i.e., low cost) hardware that also provides for scalability. Although the examples provided herein are primarily related to lottery draw games, it is clear that the same methods are applicable to any type of wagering system where a large number of possible outcomes are possible.
The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of the invention, will be better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the drawings embodiments which are presently preferred. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. In the drawings:
Certain terminology is used herein for convenience only and is not to be taken as a limitation on the present invention. The words “a” and “an”, as used in the claims and in the corresponding portions of the specification, mean “at least one.” In the context of the present invention, the term “parimutuality” refers to a lottery type draw game where bets are placed on an outcome, the payout per winner is determined by the sum of all bets (less the house take), and the potential payout is known only approximately at the time the wager is made. In contrast, in a true parimutuel game (e.g., horse race, greyhound racing, jai alai, sporting events with ranked outcomes), the winning amounts would still be determined by the money wagered; however, the exact payout would be known to the consumer at the time of the wager with the payout being principally determined by the total amount of money already wagered and how the wagers are distributed among potential outcomes. A “wager” or “bet” as used interchangeably in the claims and in the corresponding portions of the specification means a gamble on predicting the outcome of a drawing in the future. When discussing “wagers” or “bets”, for brevity, both the specification and the claims describe the wager or bet in terms of “numbers”; however, in the context of this disclosure, it is defined that the term “numbers” may also include other draw game indicia (e.g., play cards, letters, lucky symbols). Additionally, the term “draw game” refers to a wager made for some drawing in the future. As a practical matter, this future drawing can be a ping-pong draw machine, a Random Number Generator (RNG), a slot machine “pull,” or the like.
In the context of the present invention, a “bin” is a virtual subset of all possible outcomes from a drawing, with each outcome in each “bin” associated with its own unique modulo pointer. Therefore, the set of all “bins” would contain all possible outcomes for a given drawing. The number of virtual “bins” assigned for a drawing varying by the desired odds and payouts. Finally, the term “congruence number” as used in the claims and in the corresponding portions of the specification, is defined as the number embodied in each bin location specified by a given modulo pointer. The “congruence numbers” thereby designate the set of numbers or other indicia wagered in a specific drawing's outcome.
Before describing the present invention, it may be useful to first provide a brief description of the current state of the art of draw game execution and validation as well as the various types of consumers that are attracted to different types of draw games. The concept is to ensure that a common lexicon is established of existing systems prior to describing the present invention.
Typical lottery style draw games include Pick 3, Pick 4, Mega Millions®, Powerball, and Keno. Other types of draw games include raffles, slot machines, Bingo, and horse races. The key concept is a wager is made in advance betting on the outcome of some drawing in the future. In all prior art embodiments, there is some protocol or system (e.g., lottery terminal and central site, paper raffle ticket, Bingo card, Keno draw game ticket) that essentially records the bet, thereby locking the wager in advance of the actual drawing. Typically, drawings are based on a fix set of possible numbers or other indicia where some subset of numbers or other indicia are selected (or “drawn”) through a random or pseudorandom process in a future “drawing.” Therefore, since typical prior art draw games involve selecting a subset of numbers or indicia from a larger set, the probability and odds are defined by the laws of mathematics. Thus, changing the odds and corresponding payoff requires changing the fix set of numbers or indicia to be drawn and/or the subset of numbers or other indicia that are selected.
However, different types of consumers prefer different types of draw games, usually equating to some function of “price point,” “payout,” and “hit frequency.” Stereotypically, this equates to four different kinds of generic consumers:
The present invention thus eliminates this problem by allowing all consumers to “tune” a given, long shot, draw game to whatever odds and hit frequency they desire. For example, the largest possible odds for a game of Keno (typically, 80 choose 20 where all twenty numbers were correctly selected) is approximately 1 in 3.5 quintillion—1 in 3,535,316,142,212,174,336 to be exact. Therefore, with the existing prior art game of Keno, the possible wagers are limited to correctly selecting 0 to all 20 numbers with the corresponding odds fixed by the laws of probability; i.e.,
However, with the benefits inherent with the present invention, a draw game wager can be offered for virtually any odds and related payout for the same drawing so long as the produced odds are less than the largest possible odds for a game of Keno (i.e., 1 in 3,535,316,142,212,174,336). Consider the example wherein six different consumers desired the following six different odds for wagers:
Thus, with the present invention, any number of variable bets with differing payouts can be accommodated with a single universal drawing so long as the various bets feature odds are less than the largest possible odds inherent in the universal drawing. Additionally, a common rake or profit for all bets in the universal drawing can be maintained by preserving the same desired rake or profit percentage across all bets when calculating the payoff. The computational ease with which these calculations can be performed readily accommodates adoption by existing draw game systems, thereby providing variable fixed odds for all bets in real time.
Having concluded the discussion of an exemplarity prior art draw game execution, validation, and associated consumers, embodiments of the present invention will now be disclosed. As will be apparent to one skilled in the art, the present invention overcomes many of the inherent disadvantages of draw games, particularly enabling greater flexibility with consumer choices and play style.
Reference will now be made in detail to examples of the present invention, one or more embodiments of which are illustrated in the figures. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, and not as a limitation of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described with respect to one embodiment may be used with another embodiment to yield still a further embodiment. It is intended that the present application encompass these and other modifications and variations as come within the scope and spirit of the invention.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention may be implemented as methods, of which examples have been provided. The acts performed as part of the methods may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though such acts are shown as being sequentially performed in illustrative embodiments.
In the exemplary system 100 of
Thus, for the single $1 wager, the consumer has effectively selected or “quick picked” one billion and one drawing outcomes, a single outcome from each bin with a single modulo number 114 (i.e., “102,437,659”). Traditionally this type of odds division was viewed as impractical—i.e., how can a consumer possess a ticket listing one billion and one drawing outcomes; or more to the point, how can a consumer verify that he or she has won a drawing from one billion and one wagers? However, with the modulo pointer innovation of the present disclosure the totality of the consumer's one billion and one wagers can be reduced to a single modulo number 114 (i.e., “102,437,659”). The modulo number 114 simply designating a specified location to a single congruence number (and thereby corresponding draw number wager) in each of the bins. The modulo nature of the pointer number 114 allows the pointer to essentially roll over from the end to the beginning of the bin if the modulo number exceeds the size of the bin. Consequently, there can be only one congruence (draw) number outcome selected per bin.
As is apparent to one skilled in the art, the present disclosure overcomes many of the inherent disadvantages of draw games, particularly designing a draw game that is appealing to a broad spectrum of consumers (e.g., “grind,” “punters,” “discovery,” “jackpot”). Of course, as would be apparent to one skilled in the art in view of this disclosure, alternate embodiments of the present invention (e.g., pseudorandom distribution of the potential draw numbers throughout the bins, offering only a fixed number of predefined odds and payouts for the consumer to wager, offering parimutuel payouts for varying odds, promotional overlay games), etc. may under some circumstances be more desirable.
In an alternative embodiment, the variable and flexible draw game system is configured to provide a flexible progressive type wagering opportunity where the plurality of virtual bins remains static over a plurality of universal drawings. Thus, subsets of matching numbers or other indicia from the plurality of universal drawings can be specified (e.g., match fifteen) such that once a predetermined threshold of matching number subsets is achieved for an individual consumer, a prize is awarded. Since there will be an uncertain number of universal drawing iterations until the prize is awarded, the progressive jackpot will increase each time a universal drawing is played with the jackpot not won. When the progressive jackpot is won, the jackpot for the next play is reset to a predetermined value, and resumes increasing under the same method.
For example, a progressive jackpot could be offered across multiple universal drawings where the progressive prize is awarded when “19 out of 20” numbers were correctly selected by a consumer's modulo number with odds of “1” in “3,002,400” per drawing. The same generation of a billion virtual bins (102 through 104) of 100 of
Typically, the consumer would first select their desired odds or payout via the virtual scroll wheel 202 and 202′ as illustrated in these examples. Thus, in this example, the consumer would scroll through the wheel until the desired odds 203′ or payout 203 was selected. At this point, the consumer would next select an “UPick Draw Number” (modulo number) 213 via “Quick Pick” 204 or manually keypad entry. While it is theoretically possible to accommodate virtually any “UPick Draw Number” 213, in a preferred embodiment, a range of possible “UPick Draw Numbers” may be displayed to aid the consumer in the selection process. Returning to the consumer selection process, after the consumer selects their “UPick Draw Number” (modulo number) 213 via manual key entry or “Quick Pick” 204, the consumer would typically be prompted to enter an amount to be wagered (e.g., $1 bet, $5 bet). This entered bet amount could be in response to a prompt or initiated by the consumer by actuating the “AMT” button 205. Once the: odds and corresponding payout 203, “UPick Draw Number” (modulo number) 213, and wager amount are selected; the consumer would typically finalize the wager by actuating the “BET” button 206 and then tendering a payment for the wager (not shown in
Of course, as is apparent to one skilled in the art, there are numerous variations on the exemplary user interface 200—e.g., the consumer could elect to select their “UPick Draw Number”, or modulo number 213 before selecting the desired odds or payout was selected 203, the odds and pay out may be presented a priori to the consumer with the consumer only selecting the “UPick Draw Number” or modulo number 213, or the consumer key entries (via 206) his or her desired odds or payout—that may under some circumstances be more desirable.
As shown in the high-level architecture swim lane diagram 225 of
The Bet Processor 234 receives the proposed bet and if the requested odds or payout (e.g., 113 of
Returning to the Bet Processor 234 (
Typically, on prior art systems, in addition to a Wagering System 227 there is also an Internal Control System (“ICS”) 229 that functions as a non-volatile mirror Verification Storage database 239 to all Ticket Storage 235 bets recorded. Normally, the Verification Storage database 239 operates as a “Worm” (Write Once Read Many times) drive thereby ensuring that a robust audit trail is maintained for all bets. However, with the advent of the present disclosure, the ICS 229 should preferably be configured to also mirror the Wager Odds & Payouts database 223 into Verification Storage 239 in addition to the normal (prior art) Ticket Storage 235 such that a complete audit trail of all potential winning tickets can be maintained.
After the betting or wager period for a pending drawing is closed, a Drawing 237 determining the winning numbers or indicia for the universal drawing event (100 of
The related
As before,
After the betting or wager period for a pending drawing is closed, a drawing (e.g., ping pong ball selection 316) determining the winning numbers or indicia for the universal drawing event is conducted, with the drawing results entered into the Draw Server's 315 Drawing 317 process with the results also recorded in non-volatile Draw Storage 318. These drawing results are also passed from the Drawing 317 process to the Wagering System's 302 Check and Settle 314 process. Any apparent winning draw game tickets presented for redemption to the Wagering System 301 are passed to the Check & Settle 314 service for validation and payment authorization. The Check & Settle 314 service then queries the Ticket Storage 313 database to determine if the bet was valid and if so, to ascertain the modulo “UPick Draw Number” as well as the associated odds or payout. At this point, the Check & Settle 314 service queries the Wager Odds & Payouts database 311 to retrieve the bin and congruence number segments for the accompanying bet and then applies the bet's chosen modulo “UPick Draw Number” number to the various bins to determine if one of the congruence numbers from the multiplicity of bins agrees with the universal drawing results. If an exact match between one of the congruence numbers and the universal drawing result is determined, the draw game ticket is declared a winner with the prize awarded, otherwise the ticket is declared a non-winner with no prize paid out.
The
With the Enhancements 403 enabled by the present disclosure, the Standard Slot 402 is expanded to include flexible draw game functionality. As shown, this Slot Enhancement 403 functionality is comprised of a Bin Generator 409 and associated non-volatile Bin Storage 410 database memory. With this embodiment, if a consumer elects to enable flexible draw game functionality (or alternatively, internal logic of slot 404 determines to implement flexible draw game functionality where the odds or payout is selected by the internal logic transparent to the consumer), the pending bet and requested odds or payout are passed to the Bin Generator 409. If the requested odds or payout are unique, then the Bin Generator 409 will calculate the required number of bins and log the resulting calculated bin and congruence numbers segments into non-volatile Bin Storage memory database 410. Otherwise, if a proposed bet's requested odds or payout is not unique then the Bin Generator 409 simply references existing bin and congruence numbers segments from its Bin Storage 410 database. When the Bin Generator 409 is first contacted by the Slot Processor 405 it also requests and receives a unique modulo number from the Modulo Generator 411 for each bet request.
Once the modulo number, calculated bin, and congruence number segments are recorded, the pending bet would be processed by the RNG 408 generating a universal drawing result. If an exact match between one of the congruence numbers associated with the modulo number and the universal drawing result is determined, the bet wins and the prize is awarded.
STEP 500: Create, using a wagering system's bet processor, then number of virtual bins of at least one size to be mathematically compatible with the odds or payouts, such that (i) each virtual bin contains a plurality of congruence numbers with each congruence number representing a different outcome from the plurality of possible outcomes of the universal draw game, and (ii) the totality of all virtual bins contains congruence numbers for all possible outcomes of the universal draw game.
STEP 502: Generate, using the wagering system's bet processor, the corresponding modulo number such that there is one unique modulo pointer position in each of the n virtual bins.
STEP 504: Save the n number of virtual bins and congruence numbers into non-volatile memory on a draw game system central site database.
STEP 506: Record in the wagering system's bet processor consumer selections of desired odds or payouts for universal draw game tickets purchased by the consumers, the consumer selection of odds or payouts being made when the universal draw game tickets are purchased. The desired odds or payout may be selected from a predetermined set of odds or payouts, or may be selected from a range of odds or payouts.
STEP 508: Assign unique serial numbers to the purchased universal draw game tickets by the wagering system's bet processor, and save into the non-volatile memory on the draw game system central site database (i) the unique serial numbers, (ii) the corresponding consumer selected odds or payouts, and (iii) associated modulo numbers.
STEP 510: After the universal draw game has been concluded, use a wagering system's check and settle processor to validate the purchased universal draw game tickets against the universal draw game result by:
It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art in view of this description that various modifications and variations may be made present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. It is intended that the present invention include such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/372,974 filed Apr. 2, 2019, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/683,969 filed Jun. 12, 2018, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5938196 | Antoja | Aug 1999 | A |
| 6234478 | Smith | May 2001 | B1 |
| 8662998 | Schueller | Mar 2014 | B2 |
| 8747209 | Badrieh | Jun 2014 | B2 |
| 9472047 | Hilbert | Oct 2016 | B2 |
| 9687740 | Grubmueller, Jr. | Jun 2017 | B1 |
| 20030050109 | Caro | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20040058726 | Klugman | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20090131132 | Kohls et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090227320 | McBride | Sep 2009 | A1 |
| 20100222136 | Goto et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20110281629 | Meyer | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20130244745 | Guziel et al. | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20140094256 | Hilbert | Apr 2014 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62683969 | Jun 2018 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16372974 | Apr 2019 | US |
| Child | 16576106 | US |
