1. Technical Field
The present invention relates to aeronautics and more particularly to trailing devices used on aircraft. Even more particularly, the invention relates to a system and apparatus in which a decoy stored on the aircraft is rapidly deployed for protecting the aircraft and is subsequently retrievable back into the aircraft, ready for subsequent deployment.
2. Background Information
Aerial towed objects are used for a variety of purposes, including decoys, testing, and scientific investigations. In one embodiment, a towed decoy is used to draw various types of guided weapons, such as missiles, away from an aircraft that the weapons are intended to destroy. These towed targets and decoys contain various types of electronic circuits to create an apparent target to a weapon which attracts the weapon to the decoy rather than the aircraft. These types of decoys include devices which counter infrared guided and radar guided missiles that pose the primary threats to military aircraft engaged in a combat environment. It will be appreciated that these missiles use their radar guidance systems to get within striking distance of the aircraft, thereby substantially increasing their probability that the system on the missile will be able to lock onto the target.
Current military aircraft are vulnerable to attack from surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. Statistical data on aircraft losses in hostile actions since 1980 show that almost 90 percent of these losses have been the result of missile attacks. As a result, the ability to deploy decoys that can counter guidance systems on these missiles is of great value to protect aircraft during combat situations. To do this, the missile is deflected away by generating a signal that causes the radar guidance system in the missile to think that the target is actually elsewhere than it actually is.
As the complexity and cost of bodies deployed and towed from various aircraft increases, it becomes increasingly desirable to be able to retrieve them for reuse, while not losing the fast deployment capability that currently exists with non-retrievable deployment systems. The current invention retains the existing fast deployment capability while enabling retrieval and reuse.
The growth of fast deploy/retrievable technology requires a change in the maintenance philosophy of the system. This change requires that any mechanism used for the deployment, tow and retraction of the body be completely recoverable, ensuring that the body resume its original pre-deployed state within it's housing. The existing approach of pyrotechnic launch and sever is no longer appropriate. The existing approach of an ejecting aft weather shield is no longer appropriate. The existing approach of blind mating connectors to facilitate rapid stores replacement is no longer worth the cost and reduced reliability.
The slow speed capability of some craft creates the need for a means of severing the towed body with little or no tension on the towline. The existing pyrotechnic approach becomes less reliable as the tension on the cable is decreased.
There are also existing devices employing spring loaded booms to help control the separation phase of deployment. However, none are known that use spring loaded fins to accomplish a share of the energy storage.
In one prior art method to fast deploy, a towed body uses a solenoid braking system. This process is not recoverable and no retrieval mechanism is available. Another prior art fast deploy launch approach uses a pyrotechnic. The existing sever approach uses a pyrotechnic. The existing weather protection approach uses an ejecting aft weather shield. These approaches are not recoverable and require service to the assembly before subsequent deployments. The existing connection approach uses blind mating connectors to facilitate rapid stores replacement. This approach is costly and unreliable and is no longer required.
The system and apparatus of the present invention provides for the rapid deployment of a decoy from a moving object, such as an aircraft, which is connected to the aircraft by a towing cable preferably containing high voltage and fiber optic conductors to provide radar jamming signals to the decoy for disrupting the flight of a weapon, such as a missile, being guided to the aircraft by radar or other guidance signals.
Another aspect of the invention is to provide the system with an ejection device which rapidly deploys the decoy from its housing, which subsequently unwinds the cable from a spool containing a length of the towing cable by rotating an outer, generally cylindrical or cup-shaped bailer tube about the cable supply spool, and wherein the cable passes through a passage in the bailer tube and then through a cutter mechanism for severing the cable to detach the decoy from the aircraft should the need arise.
Another feature of the invention is to mount the cable supply spool in a non-rotational manner on a double helix rotatable shaft which reciprocates the spool along the shaft for removal of the cable from the spool, and wherein a DC motor is operatively connected to the rotatable shaft to control its rotational speed and consequently the payout speed of the cable from the spool reciprocally mounted on the shaft.
A further aspect of the invention is to provide a cutting mechanism containing a pair of solenoid actuated blades, one of which grips the cable to maintain tension thereon, while a second blade cuts the tensioned cable. This avoids problems occurring in prior severing systems wherein there is insufficient tension on the cable when the severing blade is engaged thereby eliminating the requirement for tension to be provided on the payload end of the system in order to efficiently sever the cable should the need arise after deployment of the decoy from the aircraft.
A further feature of the invention is to utilize a decoy with spring loaded fins biased to a fully extended position, which fins are engaged with the housing to assist in ejecting or deploying the decoy from the housing to increase the speed of deployment, and wherein the fins are automatically retractable into their loaded state upon the decoy being retrieved and restored in its storage housing beneath the aircraft.
Still another aspect of the invention is to provide one or more spring biased closure doors mounted on the discharge end of the storage housing which automatically close after the decoy has been retrieved to assist in keeping the decoy and components free of contaminants and harsh weather conditions, and in which the spring biased doors automatically open upon ejection of the decoy and boom from the storage housing.
A further aspect of the invention is to provide a locking mechanism which secures the cable payout bailer in a locked position upon the decoy reaching its extended position, and in which the lock remains engaged even should electric power be lost to the locking solenoid.
In further accordance with the invention, the energy stored in the springs which bias an extension boom to a deployment position in combination with the energy stored in the springs of the decoy fins, replace the energy heretofore obtained from pyrotechnic to rapidly deploy the decoy. Likewise, the towed body equipped with spring loaded fins which extend upon deployment, is augmented by the use of spring loaded boom to further eject the decoy and control its position throughout the separation phase of the deployment.
Furthermore, a DC motor is used to augment and control an optional centrifugal brake for the deployment of the decoy. A feedback and control system controls the speed of the deploying body by allowing it to fall away from the craft and accelerates it to the craft speed by matching separation speed to a predetermined velocity profile. This allows a fast deployment of the body without requiring the use of a transmission to disconnect the retrieval system and a separate braking control mechanism. A cable spool is locked by means of a fail safe pawl mechanism to tow the body without requiring a powered holding mechanism. Retrieval is accomplished by powering the DC motor to rewind the cable onto the spool. The device is fail safe such that in an unpowered condition the body will continue to be towed, and in the event of a failure of the spool lock actuator the body may still be retrieved.
The foregoing advantages, construction and operation of the present invention will become more readily apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, illustrative of the best mode in which applicant contemplates applying the principles, is set forth in the following description and is shown in the drawings and is particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims.
Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.
Housing 3 has top and bottom walls 9 and 10 and spaced side walls 11 and 12 which form a hollow interior 14. As shown in
In accordance with one of the features of the invention, a bailer mechanism indicated generally at 18 (
An outer bailer tub 40 is mounted about control shaft 26, helix shaft 22, and spool 20, and is secured at its forward end to hub 37 by fasteners 41 (
An anti-rotation tube 35 is rigidly mounted at one end to bulkhead 34 (
Referring to
In accordance with another feature of the invention, the system of the present invention includes a unique deployment mechanism, shown particularly in
In further accordance with another feature of the invention, when decoy 5 is supported on extendable boom 50 and stored within housing 3, a plurality of decoy stabilizing fins 66 are in a retracted position as shown in
In accordance with another feature of the invention, discharge end 69 of housing 3 is closed by a pair of closure doors 71 which are spring biased by springs 72 toward a closed position as shown in
In accordance with still another feature of the invention, a cutter mechanism indicated generally at 75, is mounted within housing 3, between decoy storage compartment 15 and bailer compartment 16, for severing cable 7 should the need arise after the decoy has been deployed. Although the present invention contemplates the retrieval of decoy 5 back into housing 3, certain situations can arise after it has been deployed, where it becomes necessary to detach the decoy from the towing aircraft by severing cable 7. Heretofore, pyrotechnics was utilized to sever the cable, which has various drawbacks.
Cutter mechanism 75 includes an electric actuated rotary solenoid 77 which is mounted between a front solenoid mounting plate 78 and a rear solenoid lock plate 79. Lock plate 79 is rigidly mounted within housing 3 and is connected to bulkhead 34 by a plurality of stabilizing rods 80 (
Heretofore, if a blade, whether actuated by pyrotechnics or other type of force, engages cable 7, the cable may not have sufficient tension thereon to enable the blade to completely sever the cable, depending upon the particular position of the decoy at the time the blade is moved into severing engagement with the cable. However, by first gripping cable 7 with blade 90, it maintains the cable under tension regardless of the position of the decoy, enabling blade 94, which follows immediately after blade 90 grips cable 7, to completely sever the cable. A torsional spring (not shown) is located between disks 81 and 82 to bias disk 81 and blade 90 in the clockwise direction so that blade 90 maintains a gripping engagement with cable 7 as cutter blade 82 rotates into cutting engagement with the cable. A plurality of arcuate slots 95 preferably are formed in grabber disk 81 and have stop pins 96 extending therethrough. This maintains grabber disk 81 in its forward-most gripping position after solenoid 77 is energized and the torsional spring continues to bias disk 81 in this grabbing direction.
In accordance with still another feature of the invention, a bailer lockout mechanism indicated generally at 100, is provided to lock bailer mechanism 18 in a fixed non-rotatable condition after the decoy has been deployed to its desired length. Bailer lockout mechanism 100 is best shown in
Solenoid shaft 102 is formed with a central hole 115 through which cable 7 extends for connecting the cable to decoy 5 as shown in
When in an at rest position, decoy 5 is retained within storage compartment 15 by cable 7 which is wrapped about spool 20 and which is in a locked position by bailer lockout mechanism 100 as discussed above. Upon the appropriate signal being supplied to lockout mechanism 100, solenoid 101 is energized which rotates shaft 102 in a counterclockwise direction (
However, in most situations, it is desired to retrieve decoy 5 back into housing 3 ready for redeployment. This is accomplished easily by energizing rotary solenoid 101 of bailer lockout mechanism 100, and energizing DC motor 30 to rotate control shaft 26 in an opposite direction from that of the deployment direction, which in turn will rotate helix shaft 22 and oscillate spool 20 therealong to wind cable 7 about the spool, bringing decoy 5 back into position on decoy rests 56 and 57 and decoy capstan 59 of extended boom 50. After decoy 5 has come to rest on extendable boom 50, continued tension on cable 7 will move the extended boom back into housing 3 by decoy 5 being drawn further into the housing. Retraction of boom 50 will rewind spring strips 63 within torsional springs 61 so that the springs are ready again to extend boom 50 should the need arise. After boom 50 is retracted, closure doors 71 are automatically pivoted to a closed position by springs 72, sealing the end of housing 3 from contaminants. Fins 66 will fold in automatically upon entering housing 3, and will engage angled blocks 68 so that they are also in a biasing position, attempting to eject decoy 5 from housing 3. Thus, decoy 5 is in position for subsequent deployment should the need arise without requiring any further maintenance or reloading as in prior deployment systems. As shown in
There are existing devices employing spring loaded booms to help control the separation phase of deployment. However, none of these devices are known to use spring loaded fins to provide a share of the energy storage. Also, there is no known apparatus which provides for the fast deploy, towed body assembly that uses spring loaded weather doors, zero tension cutter functionality as that of the present invention. The present invention also provides a cutter assembly that uses a holding mechanism to insert zero tension cutter functionality, and provides for severing a towed body with zero tension on the towline.
Also, as best shown in
The method of the present invention also provides for a controlled fast deployment, tow and retrieval of a towed body behind a craft without the use of a transmission to disengage the retrieval mechanism or separate brake mechanism. The device is fail safe such that in an unpowered condition the body will continue to be towed, and in the event of a failure of the spool lock actuator the body may still be retrieved.
The method of the present invention also provides all the required functionality in completely recoverable form. Each function operates on deployment in one direction and reverses on retraction such that the initial conditions for subsequent launches is the same as for the initial launch.
While the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments of the various figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiment for performing the same function of the present invention without deviating therefrom. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the recitation of the appended claims.
In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clearness, and understanding. No unnecessary limitations are to be implied therefrom beyond the requirement of the prior art because such terms are used for descriptive purposes and are intended to be broadly construed.
Moreover, the description and illustration of the invention is an example and the invention is not limited to the exact details shown or described.
This application is a continuation application of Ser. No. 12/009,916, filed Jan. 23, 2008, which application is a divisional application of Ser. No. 11/029,580, filed Jan. 5, 2005, which application is a divisional application of Ser. No. 10/671,845 filed Sep. 25, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,886,773, which is a standard patent application claiming the benefit of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/418,520, filed Oct. 15, 2002, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. This application also relates to U.S. application Ser. No. 10/027,325 filed Dec. 20, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,779,796; U.S. application Ser. No. 10/027,352 filed Dec. 20, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,672,543; and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/105,716 filed Mar. 25, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,683,555.
The invention was made with United States Government support under Contract No. F33657-98-D-0002-RJ12 awarded by the United States Air Force. The United States Government has certain rights in this invention.
Number | Date | Country | |
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60418520 | Oct 2002 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11029580 | Jan 2005 | US |
Child | 12009916 | US | |
Parent | 10671845 | Sep 2003 | US |
Child | 11029580 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 12009916 | Jan 2008 | US |
Child | 12152148 | US |