This disclosure relates generally to food processing methods and apparatus such as cooking retorts for processing of food materials.
An autoclave or retort, for example, may include a pressure chamber used to sterilize equipment and food products by subjecting them to high temperature and pressure saturated steam or water for such a period of time as to render the contents sterile. Generally the process is designed for at least 121° C. (250° F.) for around 15-20 minutes depending on the size of the load and the contents. These types of equipment are often used in commercial canning operations.
A retort pouch, for example, may include a type of food packaging made from a laminate of flexible plastic and metal foils. It allows the sterile packaging of a wide variety of food and drink handled by aseptic processing, and is used as an alternative to traditional industrial canning methods. Packaged foods range from water to fully cooked, thermo-stabilized (heat-treated) high-caloric (1,300 on average) meals such as Meals, Ready-to-Eat (MREs) which can be eaten cold, warmed by submersing in hot water, or through the use of a flameless ration heater, a meal component introduced by the military in 1992.
Some varieties of pouches, for example, may have a bottom gusset and are known as Stand-Up Pouches.
Retort pouches, for example, may use less packaging material than cans and sterilize at lower temperatures and in less time, which may improve food product quality, especially where color or texture are important. Retort pouches can be customized to any application and can be provided as flat or standup pouches, with or without recloseability.
One common method of providing recloseability to a pouch, for example, is by adding a spout fitment with a cap or closure. Such pouches are often referred to as “spout pouches.”
A retort pouch, for example, may be constructed from a flexible metal-plastic laminate that is able to withstand the thermal processing used for sterilization. The food is first prepared, either raw or cooked, and then sealed into the retort pouch. The pouch is then heated to 240-250° F. (116-121° C.) for several minutes under high pressure inside a retort or autoclave machine. The food inside is cooked in a similar way to pressure cooking. This process reliably kills all commonly occurring microorganisms (particularly Clostridium Botulinum), preventing it from spoiling. The packaging process is very similar to canning, except that the package itself is flexible. The lamination structure does not allow permeation of gases from outside into the pouch. For food products with less than 85% water activity or pH less than 4.6, the retort may be run at a lower temperature and/or less time, or the product may be filled into the pouches at a temperature high enough to mitigate risk from less thermophillic organisms than Clostridium Botulinum.
A common method for loading retort pouches into the retort, for example, is by use of specially designed racks that allow compartmentalization of each pouch in a horizontal orientation. It is an important feature of the sterilization process that the pouches are loaded in such a manner that they are not allowed to touch during the sterilization process. Another important feature of the sterilization process is the ability to allow water to flow through the racks and around the pouch. Rack designs generally try and maximize the number of pouches that can be loaded in the given volume while also allowing enough room for the heating fluid (water or steam) to contact the sides of the pouch. For this reason most racks are constructed with a screen or mesh that is in contact with the pouch. U.S. Pat. No. 3,971,629 describes such retorting trays.
Despite these design features, the mesh and horizontal geometry, for example, may limit and may restrict the rate of the heat transfer which results in “cold spots,” which refers to areas within the retort chamber that are lower temperature than others. Cold spots, for example, may result in uneven cooking and can result in over-processed, lower quality food in some pouches, or potentially undercooked pouches that pose a greater health risk to consumers. Attempts have been made at reducing the effect of cold spots by employing expensive equipment such as retorts that rotate the basket of racks during cooking.
The subject matter claimed herein is not limited to embodiments that solve any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such as those described above. Rather, this background is only provided to illustrate one example technology area where some embodiments described herein may be practiced.
Some embodiments of the invention may include a food processing retort apparatus. The food processing retort apparatus may comprise a substantially sealable housing, which may include a plate and a port. In some embodiments, the plate may include a plurality of empty portions, each plurality of empty portions having an elongated portion and a plurality of cutouts. In some embodiments, the elongated portions may have a first width and the cutouts may have a second width, such that the first width is greater than the second width. In some embodiments, the port may allow entry of a heating liquid into the housing to process contents within the retort.
In some embodiments, the cutouts may be shaped and configured to accept the geometry of a spout pouch fitment, such that an open section within the fitment may be slightly larger than the thickness of the plate.
In some embodiments, the first width may be greater than any diameter of the spout pouch fitment.
In some embodiments, the first width may also be greater than any diameter of a cap in the fitment of the spout pouch.
In some embodiments, the spout pouches may be vertically suspended from the cutouts.
In some embodiments, the first width may be smaller than a part of the fitment of the spout pouch, and the first width may also be larger than remaining parts of the fitment of the spout pouch.
In some embodiments, the plate may also include holes whereby optional handles or cables may be attached that can be used to lift the plate.
Some embodiments of the invention may include a food processing retort apparatus. The food processing retort apparatus may comprise a substantially sealable housing, which may include a rack and a port. In some embodiments, the rack may comprise a plurality of removable cross bars, each of the plurality of cross bars may include cutout portions having a first width, wherein the plurality of cross bars are disposed relative to one another with a second width between two adjacent cross bars of the plurality of cross bars. In some embodiments, the second width may be greater than the first width. In some embodiments, the port may allow entry of a heating liquid into the housing to process contents within the retort.
In some embodiments, the cutouts may be shaped and configured to accept the geometry of a spout pouch fitment, such that an open section within the fitment may be slightly larger than the thickness of the plate.
In some embodiments, the first width may be greater than any diameter of the spout pouch fitment.
In some embodiments, the first width may also be greater than any diameter of a cap in the fitment of the spout pouch.
In some embodiments, the first width may be smaller than a part of the fitment of the spout pouch, and the first width may also be larger than remaining parts of the fitment of the spout pouch.
In some embodiments, the plate may also include holes whereby optional handles or cables may be attached that can be used to lift the plate.
In some embodiments, the spout pouches may be vertically suspended from the cutouts.
Some embodiments of the invention may include a method of processing food products. In some embodiments, a plurality of spout pouches comprising a flexible receptacle and a fitment, may be loaded into a plurality of racks, each rack comprising a plate having a plurality of cross bars with cutouts, wherein the spout pouches are suspended into the racks from the cutouts. The loading may be followed by filling the plurality of spout pouches with food materials through an opening within the fitment. The opening within the fitment may then be closed using a cap. The racks may then be loaded into a cooking retort, to process the contents of the spout pouches by allowing a heating fluid including water and/or steam, to contact the sides of the spout pouches.
In some embodiments, the spout pouches may be vertically suspended from the cutouts.
In some embodiments, the plurality of cross bars in the rack may be removable.
In some embodiments, the cap may include hermetic closures.
In some embodiments, the plate may also comprise a plurality of elongated empty sections, alternately placed with each of the plurality of cross bars, and wherein a width of each elongated empty section is greater than a width of each cutout.
In some embodiments, the width of each elongated empty section may be smaller than a part of the fitment, and wherein the width of each elongated empty section may be greater than a remaining part of the fitment.
These illustrative embodiments are mentioned not to limit or define the disclosure, but to provide examples to aid understanding thereof. Additional embodiments are discussed in the Detailed Description, and further description is provided there. Advantages offered by one or more of the various embodiments may be further understood by examining this specification or by practicing one or more embodiments presented.
Some embodiments of the invention relate to the processing of food, and more particularly to methods wherein flexible packages may be loaded in a rack preparatory for being filled, sealed, and processed in a retort or other cooking apparatus.
In some embodiments, a novel rack comprising of sectional plates, either permanently fixed to a rack or removable, have been described. In some embodiments, the plates may include cutouts allowing for the filling, capping, and thermal retort processing of contents within flexible spout pouches, to be completed in the same rack. In some embodiments, the novel rack may help simplify the method of processing of foodstuffs in flexible spout pouches in a preferable vertical orientation.
In some embodiments, an object of the present invention may be to provide a system whereby spout pouches may be loaded vertically onto racks, whether manually or automated, and may be placed immediately into the retort. In some embodiments, the racks may be capable of supporting the pouches by the fitment. Once loaded onto the racks, by either an automated or manual operation, the pouches may then be filled with foodstuff and a hermetic closure may be applied, by either a manual or automated operation. In some embodiments, the framework may consist of a top layer with cutouts that may be specially designed to match the geometry of the fitment and may be sufficiently rigid to support the fitment during application of the cap, supports on the sides of the rack that may keep the top layer suspended, and a bottom layer which may support the sides and may either connect to the top layer or may rest thereon without interference to the pouches.
In some embodiments, the method described herein may relate to the support of spout pouches during filling, capping, and processing in a cooking retort. In some embodiments, the processes of filling and capping may be performed on the same support that will hold the spout pouches within the retort. In some embodiments, a plurality of rows of pouch supports may comprise one layer of a rack, and said pouch supports may be removable or fixed to the rack. In some embodiments, a plurality of racks may be placed into a vertical retort or stacked and placed in a horizontal retort.
At block 10 the pouches may be loaded into the racks. In some embodiments, the pouches may be loaded into the rack prior to being filled with the food materials while in other embodiments, the pouches may be loaded into the racks after being filled with the food materials. In some embodiments, the pouches may be loaded into racks manually while in other embodiments, the pouches may be loaded by an automated machinery. In some embodiments, machinery may be available that may form the pouch, fill it with food stuff, and then seal it. In some embodiments, the spout pouches may filled, and capped prior to being fixed to the rack and loaded into the retort, which may be advantageous for robotic automation or when working with a limited amount of space. In some embodiments, a worker may manually load the spout pouches onto a pre-assembled rack until the pre-assembled rack is completely full.
At block 12, the pouches loaded into the racks, may be filled with food materials and the opening of the pouch may be closed. In some embodiments, the opening of the pouches may include a fitment, through which the food materials may be filled into the pouches. In some embodiments, various methods may be employed with the machinery to add fitments such as, for example, fitment 200 as described in
At block 16, the food materials in the pouches may be processed by the passage of a heating fluid throughout the interiors of the cooking retort. In some embodiments, a housing of the cooking retort may include a port and/or an opening to allow the entry of the heating fluid into the cooking retort. In some embodiments, the heating liquid may include water and/or steam. In some embodiments, the heating liquid may sterilize and or help cook contents of the pouches.
At block 18, the racks including the pouches may be removed from the cooking retort. The food materials within the pouches may now be cooked and the pouches including the contents of the pouches may also be sterilized.
In some embodiments, the cutouts 40 may be oriented at some acute angle to the row resulting in nesting when the pouches are fully loaded in the rack. In some other embodiments, the cutouts 40 may be oriented perpendicular to the row if nesting is not an issue or to maximize flow around the pouch. In some embodiments, the top section 30 may also include holes 32 whereby optional handles or cables may be attached to make it easier to lift the entire rack assembly 300. In some embodiments, the handles or cables may be used to lift the top section 30 including the plate. In other embodiments, for larger racks, hardware may be necessary to connect crane cables to lift the rack. In some embodiments, the rack assembly 300 may also include a bottom section 38, which may comprise a plate that supports the rack assembly 300 when they may be stacked on each other, for example as seen in
In some embodiments, the side supports, for example side supports 36 may be designed in such a manner that no bottom section is needed between each layer of pouches, for example bottom section 38. In such embodiments, the removable sections may then be attached directly to the side supports and the retort basket may be loaded with all layers together.
Although only preferred embodiments of the invention have been specifically illustrated and described herein, it is to be understood that minor variations may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Various embodiments are disclosed. The various embodiments may be partially or completely combined to produce other embodiments.
Numerous specific details are set forth herein to provide a thorough understanding of the claimed subject matter. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the claimed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, apparatuses, or systems that would be known by one of ordinary skill have not been described in detail so as not to obscure claimed subject matter.
The use of “adapted to” or “configured to” herein is meant as open and inclusive language that does not foreclose devices adapted to or configured to perform additional tasks or steps. Additionally, the use of “based on” is meant to be open and inclusive, in that a process, step, calculation, or other action “based on” one or more recited conditions or values may, in practice, be based on additional conditions or values beyond those recited. Headings, lists, and numbering included herein are for ease of explanation only and are not meant to be limiting.
While the present subject matter has been described in detail with respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an understanding of the foregoing, may readily produce alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to such embodiments. Accordingly, it should be understood that the present disclosure has been presented for-purposes of example rather than limitation, and does not preclude inclusion of such modifications, variations, and/or additions to the present subject matter as would be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/175,339, filed Jun. 14, 2015, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62175339 | Jun 2015 | US |