Patent Application
20080162392
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention generally relates to a method, framework, and system for determining a significant relationship between at least one Information Technology (IT) environmental element and at least one Information Technology (IT) performance metric (e.g., efficiency, productivity), and determining a business value based on the at least one IT environmental element and the at least one IT performance metric to optimize a formalized IT business decision based on a set of business objectives, subject to a set of system constraints.
2. Description of the Conventional Art
The conventional methods and systems for IT business decision making do not provide a formal and repeatable process for 1) characterizing relationships between IT environmental elements and IT performance metrics and 2) determining values of IT environmental elements to optimize IT performance metrics and IT business decision-making in light of business objectives subject to business and system constraints. Instead, the conventional methods generally rely on subjective judgments and expert opinions. The conventional methods and systems do not address or recognize the problems associated with Information Technology (IT) business decision making, or for that matter, any relationships between IT environmental elements and IT performance metrics.
In view of the foregoing and other exemplary problems, drawbacks, and disadvantages of the related art methods and structures, an exemplary feature of the present invention is to provide a method, framework, and system for determining a significant relationship between at least one IT environmental element (e.g. servers, applications, storage systems, etc.) and at least one IT performance metric (e.g., efficiency, productivity), and determining a business value based on the at least one IT environmental element and the at least one IT performance metric to optimize a formalized IT business decision based on a set of business objectives, subject to a set of system constraints.
For purposes of the present invention, the term “Information Technologies (IT)” generally refers to the use of technology in managing and processing information (e.g., in large organizations). In particular, IT generally deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information. For that reason, computer professionals are often called IT specialists or Business Process Consultants, and the division of a company or university that deals with software technology is often called the IT department. Other names for the latter are information services (IS) or management information services (MIS), managed service providers (MSP).
The present invention provides a formal and repeatable process for characterizing relationships between IT environmental elements and IT performance metrics and determining values of IT environmental elements to optimize IT performance metrics and IT business decision making in light of business objectives subject to business and system constraints.
The ordinarily skilled artisan would recognize that the present invention is applicable to other IT metrics besides efficiency (e.g., robustness of IT environment, enhancement of employee productivity (IT effectiveness). Examples of business objectives can include, but are not limited to, revenue growth of a specified amount, achieving customer service level agreements, etc. Examples of system constraints can include, but are not limited to, IT cost, IT total budget, etc.
More particularly, an exemplary feature of the present invention can provide companies with the important advantage of enhancing the IT decision making process through a formalized method of assessing impact of different decisions on customized IT efficiency objectives, subject to constraints.
The exemplary aspects of the invention can be provided as a consulting service, for example, to drive sales in server consolidation, application rationalization, business process outsourcing, etc.
In one exemplary aspect of the invention, a method of providing formalized Information Technology (IT) business decision making can include determining a relationship between at least one Information Technology (IT) environmental element and at least one Information Technology (IT) performance metric, and determining a business value based on the at least one Information Technology (IT) environmental element and the at least one Information Technology (IT) performance metric to optimize an Information Technology (IT) business decision based on a set of predetermined business objectives, wherein the predetermined business objectives are based on a set of system constraints.
In another exemplary aspect of the invention, a method of optimizing an Information Technology (IT) decision making process is provided, in which the method includes assessing impact of different decisions on at least one customized Information Technology (IT) metric objective, subject to a set of constraints.
Yet another exemplary aspect of the invention is directed to a computer-readable medium tangibly embodying a program of recordable, machine-readable instructions executable by a digital processing apparatus to perform the exemplary method of providing formalized Information Technology (IT) business decision making, according to the present invention.
Another exemplary aspect of the invention is directed to a method for deploying computing infrastructure in which computer-readable code is integrated into a computing system, and combines with said computing system to perform the method of providing formalized Information Technology (IT) business decision making, according to the present invention.
The foregoing and other exemplary purposes, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of an exemplary aspects of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which:
Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to
The present invention generally relates to a method and system for determining a significant relationship between at least one IT environmental element and at least one IT performance metric, and determining a business value based on the at least one IT environmental element and the at least one IT performance metric to optimize an IT business decision based on a set of business objectives, subject to a set of system constraints.
The ordinarily skilled artisan would recognize that the present invention can include IT metrics besides efficiency, robustness of IT environment, enhancement of employee productivity (IT effectiveness). Examples of business objectives can include, but are not limited to, revenue growth of a specified amount, achieving customer service level agreements, etc. Examples of system constraints can include, but are not limited to, IT cost, IT total budget, etc.
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
A second determining unit and optimizing unit (e.g., 355) can determine business values based on at least one of the Information Technology (IT) environmental elements and at least one of the Information Technology (IT) performance metrics to optimize an Information Technology (IT) business decision based on a set of predetermined business objectives (e.g., 360), subject to a set of system constraints (e.g., 365).
As exemplarily illustrated in
The exemplary business objectives can include, among other things, revenue growth of a specified amount (e.g., 361), achieving customer service level agreements (e.g., 362), etc. The exemplary system constraints can include, among other things, IT cost (e.g., 366), IT total budget (e.g., 367), etc.
An exemplary aspect of the invention will be described below with respect to the probabilistic attainment of IT efficiency with total cost minimization, according to an exemplary aspect of the present invention. The present invention generally is described below with reference to an example of a linear relationship between IT environmental elements and IT performance metrics. However, the ordinarily skilled artisan will recognize that the present invention is generalizable to any form of relationship, subject to random error. Thus, while the invention has been described in terms of several exemplary aspects, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Further, it is noted that, Applicants' intent is to encompass equivalents of all claim elements, even if amended later during prosecution.
The exemplary aspects of the present invention can minimize total cost of achieving IT efficiency target, for example, as a function of IT environmental elements x1 . . . , xn.
According to the present invention, constraints insure that measurements related to efficiency are achieved within acceptable and feasible ranges. For example:
An alternative form can maximize the probability of a target IT efficiency attainment, constrained by an IT budget.
According the exemplary features of the present invention, the case of a linear relationship between IT environment variables and IT efficiency can be described as follows:
Let j follow a linear model of the form:
where εj is N(0, σεj). Then Yj is N(Gj(x1, . . . , xn), σεj).
The values x1, . . . , xn can be such that the area between each and μj under the Normal curve with mean 0 and variance σεj is at least ψj, and hence, cost is minimized.
Another exemplary formulation according to the present invention will now be described below:
Let: x1=number of servers,
It is noted that the ordinarily skilled artisan would recognize that more complex cost functions reflecting total cost of ownership can be provided, e.g., nonlinear or non-additive, according to the present invention.
An exemplary solution according to the present invention will be described below.
For purposes of this exemplary solution, a 3-d rectangle (formed by the 8 points defined by the upper and lower bounds of x1, x2, x3) is considered (e.g., imagined).
Next, the method includes superimposing on the 3-d rectangle some slices (e.g., six (6) slices in all with pairs that are “parallel in 3d space” which define walls.
As a result, the slices form an odd shape polygon with flat sides, by snipping away parts of the 3d rectangle.
Next, the method can consider (e.g., imagine) this shape with “fuzzy” lines (e.g., the effect of the error term being an RV) with the variances=0. As a result, a well defined line is obtained. According to this exemplary solution, one of the corner points will be the optimal solution.
According to another exemplary solution, in the stochastic case, a probability distribution in (x1, x2, x3) can be obtained where the objective function trajectory last exits the polygon.
According to an exemplary aspect of the present invention, the problems with the conventional methods and systems can be solved, for example, by incorporating uncertainty concerning the relationship between IT environmental elements and IT efficiency metrics through, for example, a random error component:
Y
j
=G(x1, . . . , xn)+εj
The present invention also can provide application of stochastic optimization within a new domain.
According to the exemplary aspects of the present invention, a model refinement process can be used to customize the method for a particular client environment (e.g., client specific relationships based on, for example, client industry, client size, cost function specification, etc.).
As described above, the ordinarily skilled artisan would recognize that the present invention is applicable to IT metrics such as, for example, IT efficiency, robustness of IT environment, enhancement of employee productivity (IT effectiveness), IT cost, IT total budget, etc.
An exemplary IT Efficiency Model according to the present invention will now be described below.
1.1 General Notation
G
A(x1, x2, . . . , xn)=a+b1x1+b2x2+ . . . +bnxn+εA
G
E(x1+x2+ . . . +xn)={dot over (a)}+{dot over (b)}1x1+{dot over (b)}2x2+ . . . +{dot over (b)}nxn+εE
G
R(x1+x2+ . . . +xn)=+
1x1+
2x2+ . . . +
nxn+εR
1.2 Minimizing Cost, While Achieving IT Efficiency Targets
1.2.1 Probability-Based Constraint Version
The following exemplary model seeks to minimize total cost of achieving IT efficiency, as a function of the parameters x1, x2, . . . , xn. The exemplary constraints can insure that measurements related to efficiency are achieved within acceptable and feasible ranges.
Minimize C(x1, x2, . . . , xn) (1)
Subject to: Pr{A≦GA(x1, x2, . . . , xn)≦·μA}≧ψA (2)
Pr{
E
≦G
E(x1, x2, . . . , xn)≦·μE}≧ψE (3)
Pr{
R
≦G
R(x1, x2, . . . , xn)≦·μR}≧ψR (4)
lbi≦xi≦ubi for i=1; . . . ; n (5)
The following description takes a closer look at exemplary constraints 2, 3, and 4.
Since they are all of the same form, the A, E and R subscript will be omitted for the purpose of generalization.
The function:
G(x1, x2, . . . , xn)=a+b1x1+b2x2+ . . . +bnxn+ε (6)
is fitted by way of linear regression analysis, where x1, x2, . . . , xn are the dependent variables, a is a fitted constant, b1; b2; : : : ; bn are the fitted linear coefficients, and ε is the error term. (It is noted that that some of the xi's may be insignificant, i.e. when bi is zero). The only random variable in 6 is ε, which we will assume is normally distributed with mean
In other words, ε˜N(
That is,
G(x1+x2+ . . . +xn)˜N(
Assuming 7, the constraints 2, 3 and 4 may be rewritten using the probability density function for the normal distribution:
Constraint 7 says “find values of x1, x2, . . . , xn so that the area, between l and μ under the Normal curve, with mean
1.2.2 Expected Value Constraint Version
An alternative to constraining based on the probability limits given in 2, 3, and 4 is to require the expected values of corresponding random variables to be constrained. This is achieved, for example, by replacing 2, 3, and 4 with respectively:
αA≦E[GA(x1, x2, . . . xn)]≦βA (9)
αE≦E[GE(x1, x2, . . . xn)]≦βE (10)
αR≦E[GR(x1, x2, . . . xn)]≦βR (11)
Under the assumption of normally distributed error terms, 9, 10 and 11 become:
αA≦
αE≦
αR≦ +
1x1+
2x2+ . . . +
nxn)≦βR (14)
as well as:
(a+b1x1+b2x2+ . . . +bnxn)≧αA−
−(a+b1x1+b2x2+ . . . +bnxn)≧−βA+
({dot over (a)}+{dot over (b)}1x1+{dot over (b)}2x2+ . . . +{dot over (b)}nxn)≧αE−
−({dot over (a)}+{dot over (b)}1x1+{dot over (b)}2x2+ . . . +{dot over (b)}nxn)≧−βE+
(+
1x1+
2x2+ . . . +
nxn)≧αR−
−(+
1x1+
2x2+ . . . +
nxn)≧βR+
(20)
1.3 Maximizing IT Efficiency within a Budget
Maximize
Pr{event A∩Event E∩Event R} (21)
Subject to:
C(x1, x2, . . . , xn)≦T (22)
lbi≦xi≦·ubi for i=1; . . . ; n (23)
where:
The exemplary aspects of the present invention can provide companies with the important advantage of enhancing the IT decision making process through a formalized method of assessing impact of different decisions on customized IT efficiency objectives, subject to constraints.
The exemplary aspects of the invention can be provided as a consulting service, for example, to drive sales in server consolidation, application rationalization, etc. (which can be analogous to the use of a Business Value Modeling Tool).
The CPUs 411 are interconnected via a system bus 412 to a random access memory (RAM) 414, read-only memory (ROM) 416, input/output (I/O) adapter 418 (for connecting peripheral devices such as disk units 421 and tape drives 440 to the bus 412), user interface adapter 422 (for connecting a keyboard 424, mouse 426, speaker 428, microphone 432, and/or other user interface device to the bus 512), a communication adapter 534 for connecting an information handling system to a data processing network, the Internet, an Intranet, a personal area network (PAN), etc., and a display adapter 436 for connecting the bus 412 to a display device 438 and/or printer 439.
In addition to the hardware/software environment described above, a different aspect of the invention includes a computer-implemented method for performing the above method. As an example, this method may be implemented in the particular environment discussed above.
Such a method may be implemented, for example, by operating a computer, as embodied by a digital data processing apparatus, to execute a sequence of machine-readable instructions. These instructions may reside in various types of signal-bearing media or computer-readable media.
This computer-readable media or signal-bearing media may include, for example, a RAM contained within the CPU 411, as represented by the fast-access storage for example. Alternatively, the instructions may be contained in another computer-readable media or signal-bearing media, such as a data storage disk/diskette 500 (
Whether contained in the disk/diskette 500, the computer/CPU 411, or elsewhere, the instructions may be stored on a variety of machine-readable data storage media, such as DASD storage (e.g., a conventional “hard drive” or a RAID array), magnetic tape, electronic read-only memory (e.g., ROM, EPROM, or EEPROM), an optical storage device (e.g. CD-ROM, WORM, DVD, digital optical tape, etc.), paper “punch” cards, or other suitable computer-readable media or signal-bearing media including transmission media such as digital and analog and communication links and wireless. In an illustrative embodiment of the invention, the machine-readable instructions may comprise software object code, compiled from a language such as “C”, etc.
While the invention has been described in terms of several exemplary aspects, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Further, it is noted that, Applicants' intent is to encompass equivalents of all claim elements, even if amended later during prosecution.
