The present disclosure relates to method and apparatus for generating electricity and in particular, to methods and apparatus for generating electricity from a moving transportation system by converting kinetic energy and/or renewable source(s) into electrical energy based on increased air flow or wind based on Venturi effect in the moving transportation system
Technology for electric vehicles is advancing rapidly. Some electric vehicles are now reducing wasted energy and making electricity internally, using such as means as harvesting shock absorbers and active suspension, thermoelectric and photovoltaics. Harvesting electric energy will increase a driving range of the electric vehicle, because the harvested electrical energy may be used to power small sensors and actuators and other on-board electronics. However, recent energy harvesting techniques for electric vehicles focused on harvesting wasted energy such as regenerative braking.
There are numerous techniques for harvesting electrical energy from natural resources, such as solar, wind, waves, etc. Generating and using electricity based on solar energy is becoming more common and also, many wind farms are being used in various parts of the world to harvest energy in the natural resources. Many industries are embracing new technological advancements for efficiency. For example, in the automotive industry, electric vehicles replacing many conventional internal combustion engine-based vehicles. Solar based airplanes or drones are developed and marketed and coming into the marketplace. The costs of electric vehicles are coming down and more electric cars (either full electric or hybrid forms) are on the road. An entire transportation industry is seeing a fast-paced technology advancement and new transportation vehicles which are quickly replacing old fashioned vehicles.
But there is always a need for a more efficient technology for harvesting electrical energy systems to extend the travel range as well as to increase the efficiency of the transportation vehicle. As such, there still is a need for a better and enhanced method and apparatus for harvesting electric energy from a natural resource such as an air flow that is created by the transportation system in motion.
The present technology described herein provides a system and method for increasing efficiency of the transportation system as well as generating electricity using natural resources. The present invention is a new, novel approach to harvesting electrical energy from wind or air flows from a moving system or a transportation system such as an electric vehicle.
A first embodiment of the present technology is a transportation vehicle with energy harvesting systems. The transportation vehicle includes a Venturi system configured to receive an air flow, and a plurality of electrical energy harvesting systems from the air flow. The Venturi system is disposed in or on the transportation vehicle. Also, each of the electrical energy harvesting systems is configured to generate electricity from the air flow in the Venturi system as the transportation vehicle moves forward in motion.
In an aspect of the present technology, each of the electrical energy harvesting systems in the transportation vehicle may include a pair of blades including a rotation axis with two ends, and a first alternator connected to one end of the pair of blades via a first shaft. The first alternator may include a magnet and coils and is configured to generate electricity based on rotary movement of the pair of blades by the air flow. The rotation axis of the pair of blades is perpendicular to a direction of the air flow in the Venturi system. Further, each of the electrical energy harvesting system may include a second alternator connected to the other end of the pair of blades via a second shaft, and the second alternator is configured to generate electricity based on the rotary movement of the pair of blades. As such, each of the electrical energy harvesting systems may have two electricity generating units coupled to two ends of the rotation axis of the pair of blades.
In an aspect of the present technology, the coils of the first alternator or the second alternator may be either carbon nanotubes (CNT) based wires or graphene based wires instead of copper wires. This reduces the weight of the alternators significantly as well as the efficiency of generating electricity because of superior conductivity of the CNT based wires or graphene based wires instead of copper wires, when used as the coils in the alternators.
In an aspect of the present technology, the transportation vehicle may include a different type of energy harvesting systems in the Venturi system disposed in the transportation vehicle. By way of example, in another aspect of the present disclosure, each of the electrical energy harvesting systems may include a pair of blades having a rotation axis with two ends, a triboelectric sheet including a plurality of triboelectric modules, and a displacer coupled to the pair of blades and the triboelectric sheet via a shaft. In this embodiment of the present technology, rotary movement of the pair of blades about the rotation axis due to an air flow in the Venturi system results in rotary movement of the displacer, thereby causing generation of electricity in the plurality of triboelectric modules.
Further, in another aspect of the present technology, each of the electrical energy harvesting systems further includes an alternator including a magnet and coils, and the alternator is connected to one end of the pair of blades. Also, as mentioned earlier, the coils of the alternator may be CNT based wires or graphene based wires instead of copper wires, which reduces the weight requirements of the alternator and increase the electricity generation efficiency of the alternator. Further, when a plurality of alternators is used as part of electrical energy harvesting systems, the alternators in an aspect of the present technology provides significant advantages over the conventional alternators that use copper wires as the coils for generating electricity.
In an aspect of the present technology, the displacer of the electrical energy harvesting system may include a rotatable body via the shaft, and a plurality of protrusions disposed on the rotatable body and is configured to face the triboelectric sheet. In this configuration, as the displacer rotates around the shaft, each of the plurality of triboelectric modules generates electricity.
In an aspect of the present technology, the transportation vehicle may include the electrical energy harvesting systems, each of which includes a plurality of generator rods disposed in a constriction area of the Venturi system. Each generator rod in the form of a cylinder is configured to generate electricity based on transverse movements of the generator rod due to vortex induced vibrations. Further, the plurality of generator rods may be disposed in a predetermined arrangement such that a total amount of electrical energy harvested in the Venturi system is maximized.
In another aspect of the present technology, the transportation vehicle may include the electrical energy harvesting systems, each of which includes a support rod disposed in the Venturi system, and a piezoelectric sheet including a plurality of piezoelectric modules in the form of a flag design. In this embodiment, when the air flow passes the support rod and the piezoelectric sheet, electricity is generated due to stress imposed on the piezoelectric sheet as part of vortex induced vibration phenomenon.
In an aspect of the present technology, the support rod of the electrical energy harvesting system may be in the form of a cylindrical rod, a T-shaped rod, or the like.
In another aspect of the present technology, the piezoelectric sheet of the electrical energy harvesting system may further include a plurality of magnetic strips to prevent contact with adjacent piezoelectric sheets or an inner wall of the Venturi system.
In another aspect of the present technology, the Venturi system may include a turbulence region where turbulence is created by a certain design or an object to increase the intensity of the air flow, and thus the stress or force on the piezoelectric modules. In an aspect of the present technology, a turbulence creation object may be placed in a constriction area of the Venturi system. For example, the turbulence creation object may be in the form of a helix shaped object placed in the constriction area of the Venturi system. Alternatively, the greater turbulence may be created by having no diffuser region in the Venturi system.
A more detailed understanding may be obtained from the following description in conjunction with the following accompanying drawings.
The detailed description of illustrative examples will now be set forth below in connection with the various drawings. The description below is intended to be exemplary and in no way limit the scope of the claimed invention. It provides detailed examples of possible implementation(s), and as such they are not intended to represent the only configuration(s) in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts, and it is noted that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts and like reference numerals are used in the drawings to denote like elements and features.
It is also noted that in some instances while the methodologies are described herein as a series of steps or acts, for the purpose of simplicity it is to be understood that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of these steps or acts, as some steps or acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. Further, not all illustrated steps or acts may be required to implement various methodologies according to the present technology disclosed herein. Also, it should be appreciated that the apparatus and methods described herein may be utilized separately or in combination with other aspects of the present disclosure, or in combination with conventional technology, without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.
There are three main components of an electric vehicle in general: an electric motor, a controller and a battery. When one turns on the car, the circuit is closed and current is passed from the battery. The controller takes the power from the battery and passes it onto the electric motor which rotates the wheels to move the vehicle. In other words, the electric motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy in order to move the electric vehicle. Most electric vehicles have a range of about 80 to 100 miles on a full battery while a few electric vehicles have ranges up to 350 miles. When the battery is depleted, it can take anywhere from 30 minutes with fast charging, up to a full day to recharge the battery. As a result, it is a significant interest to many others to extend the travel distance of the electric vehicle with the charged battery.
Wind energy is one of the nature's main sources for generating electrical energy. Wind turbines in the outdoors at large scale can generate up to 100 kW electrical energy with a wind speed of about 30-35 mph. A scientific model for the wind energy provides that the power that can be extracted from the wind increases=as velocity is cubed. That is, power per unit area is equal to k*V3, where k is a fixed constant representing the combined fixed rotor blade area, air mass and efficiency of turbine, and V is wind velocity. Then the power per unit area becomes roughly equal to 0.0006 times wind velocity cubed. Thus, by way of example, one theoretical model shows that energy stored in 20 mph wind is equal to about 600 Watts per square meter, for the outdoor wind turbines. Thus, the wind turbines at large scale can generate a great amount of electrical energy at a high wind speed.
As such, transportation vehicles often travel a very high speed of more than 60 mph. That means that the air flow created by the motion of the transportation vehicle is about 60 mph. Furthermore, the Venturi effect may be utilized to further increase the speed of the air flow or the wind created by the motion of the transportation vehicle for the purpose of generating and harvesting electrical energy from the energy stored in the high-speed air flow or wind.
Thus, by employing one or more aspects of the present technology disclosed herein, the electrical energy can be generated and harvested on electric vehicles in motion and thus be used to extend the travel distance of the electric vehicles while the electric vehicles are driven.
By way of example, in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a Venturi system 201 may include an inlet 203, a constricted area 205, and an outlet 207. For the illustration purposes, let's assume that the Venturi system 201 is constricted using cylindrical pipes. The inlet 203 may include a tapered region 209 in such a way that a diameter D2 of the constricted area 205 is smaller than a diameter D1 of the inlet 203. The tapered region 209 connects the wider inlet 203 to the narrower constricted area 205. According to the Venturi principle, when a fluid including air, water, liquid, gas, or any other type flows through the inlet 203 and pass through the constricted area 205, a speed of the fluid becomes very high in the constricted region 205 and pressure inside the constricted region 205 gets smaller than that of the pressure in the inlet 203. In the example, the outlet 207 includes a tapered region 211 that is configured to act as a diffuser, and the speed of the fluid gets lower as the fluid exit the constricted area 205. The tapered region 211 is constructed with a wide slope so that an amount of turbulence in the fluid is reduced as the fluid exits the constricted area 205.
Using the Venturi principle, in an aspect of the present disclosure, an air flow striking a transportation vehicle in motion, such as the electric vehicle 101, may be allowed to pass through a Venturi system that is in or on the electric vehicle 101 as part of an electrical energy harvesting system in such a way that the speed of the air flow can be accelerated through the Venturi system. This accelerated air flow has a higher amount of energy stored than the air flow striking a transpiration vehicle in motion. Thus, the greater amount of energy stored in the accelerated air flow in the Venturi system can be harvested or converted into electricity for use.
By way of example,
In an aspect of the present disclosure, in
In the example, the rotation axis 309 is perpendicular to a direction of the high-speed air flow that is sped up in the constriction area 205 of the Venturi system 201. Thus, for harvesting the electrical energy from the energy contained the high-speed air flow in the constriction area 205 of the Venturi system 201, as the pair of blades 401 turns it rotates the shafts 409 and 509, which in turn rotates the magnet 405 and 505 in the respective alternators, thereby generating electricity via the coils 407 and 507. So, the first alternator 403 and the second alternator 503 generate electricity based on the rotary movement of the pair of blades by the high-speed air flow in the constriction area 205.
Further, in the example, the pair of blades are vertical axis turbine blades (e.g., Darrieus type turbines) that convert kinetic energy in the air flow into mechanical energy, which is to be then converted into electricity. However, other types of vertical axis turbines blades may be used such as variants of Darrieus turbines, Savonius turbines or the like. The example blades are C-shaped rotor blades that are eggbeater-like in appearance and may be built with two or three blades. The Darrieus blades use a specific airfoil design to turn its blades along its vertical rotation axis, and in one implementation, the blades may have a helical shae to smooth out the air flow and decrease vibration for increased efficiency. Further, in another aspect of the present disclosure, the pair of blades may be coupled to a gear box which is coupled to an electrical generator with a large stator and rotor.
Referring to
In another aspect of the present technology, the alternator 407 or 507 may include coils made of either carbon nanotube (CNT)-based wires or graphene-based wires. Conventional alternators include coils made of copper wires which may increase weight requirements on an electric vehicle. Compared to conventional copper wires, CNT-based wires or graphene-based wires have superior characteristics. By way of example, the CNT-based wires (or CNT wires) can be spurn into yarns and may have one-tenth the weight of copper wires, but are much more flexible and are stronger. Also, the CNT wires are corrosion resistant and can carry a higher current (e.g., 100,000 amps of current per square centimeters) than copper wires. Further, graphene-based wires (or graphene wires) are another alternative to copper wires. Graphene ribbons may be spurn into yarns to make graphene wires, which also provide similar benefits of the CNT wires over copper wires. Also, graphene wires can be made with a much smaller diameter and still carry an equivalent amount of current compared to copper wires, providing weight savings.
By way of example, it is known that replacing copper wires with graphene wires may save up to 70% in the cable weight. This is a significant aspect in designing an alternator for reduced weight requirements for electric vehicles. In an design of a conventional alternator, the length and gauge of the copper wire used in the coil will result in the generation of an electricity output. In the conventional alternator, the number of turns in the coil will increase an amount of magnetic flux cut by the coil made of copper wires which will increase the electrical output. As such, in the conventional alternator, the thicker the wire the more amps the wire will produce. However, in an aspect of the present disclosure, the alternators including CNT wires or graphene wires of the coil inside will produce a higher electric output from the rotatory movements of the pair of blades with much less weight requirements when a plurality of electrical energy harvesting systems are used in the electric vehicle, thereby increasing the efficiency of the electric vehicle. Further, in another aspect of the present disclosure, to increase the electric output from the alternator, e.g., to increase the flux that flows through the coil, soft iron may be laminated on a surface of the magnet in the alternator.
In an aspect of the present technology, a triboelectric effect may be used in the electrical energy harvesting systems. The triboelectric effect is a type of schemes for generating electricity in which certain materials become electrically charged after they come in contact with a different material. That is, a charge separation occurs because of the physical contact and removal of contact of different materials. When two sheets of dissimilar materials (e.g., polymer and polydimethylsiloxane sheets) are in contact, electrons flow from one material to the other, and when the sheets are separated, one sheet holds an electrical charge isolated by a gap between them. As such, when an electrical load is connected to two electrodes placed at the outer edge of the two surfaces, a small current will flow to equalize the charges. When this process is repeated, an alternating current is produced. This alternating current can thereafter be harvested as electricity.
By way of example, as described in U.S. Pub. Nos. 014/0084748 and 2018/0091064, which are incorporated herein in their entirety, triboelectric sheets similar to those described therein may be constructed. As an example, a triboelectric module may be constructed, as shown in
Further, in an aspect of the present disclosure, as shown in
In another aspect of the present disclosure, the electrical energy harvesting system 471 may further be configured to include a triboelectric sheet 545 and a displacer 541 coupled to the pair of blades 431 and the triboelectric sheet 545 via a shaft 539. As mentioned above, as the pair of blades 431 turns about the rotation axis 429 because of the air flow 300 in the constriction area 205 of the Venturi system 201, the triboelectric sheet 545 generates electricity via the displacer 541 and a plurality of triboelectric modules of the triboelectric sheet 545. The triboelectric sheet 545 and the displacer 541 (or the triboelectric sheet 445 and the displacer 441) may form a triboelectric generator 549. Further, the electricity generated by the electrical energy harvesting systems 471 may be supplied to the controller 305 for control and management of the generated electricity. The generated electricity may be rectified and supplied to various on-board electronics in the transportation vehicle or stored for later use in one or more storage devices (not shown) or a main battery such as the battery 125 as shown in
In another aspect of the present disclosure, as shown in
The controller 305 may further include various functions, in addition to the control and management functions, including functions to control various systems for generating and/or charging the one or more auxiliary electrical energy storage units (not shown). Further, the controller 305 may be configured to monitor various health statuses of the electrical energy harvesting systems 301, 471 and generate one or more alert messages to an internal or external system or an operator of the transportation vehicle 101, if one or more fault conditions are detected during a health check. By way of example, when one or more of the electrical energy harvesting systems 301, 471 fail to properly operate, the controller 305 may send one or more alert messages to a main processor or other devices in the transportation vehicle 101, or alternatively wirelessly to the operator of the transportation vehicle 101.
In another embodiment of the present technology, a “vortex induced vibrations” phenomenon over an object in a fluid flow may also be utilized to harvest electrical energy from energy stored in the fluid flow, e.g., energy stored in the wind created in a Venturi system of the electric vehicle 101 or transpiration vehicle in motion. It is known that the vortex induced vibration or vortex shedding occurs because of viscosity of the fluid passing over a bluff body. To put into simple terms, when a stationery object such as a cylindrical rod is placed in the path of a flowing fluid, vortices may be induced. At low speed, the flow past the object remains a steady flow and no rotational flow is produced. At higher speed some rotational flow patterns are developed on the wake, and at highest speed, in addition to rotational flow, some turbulence flow behavior such as one creating vortices develop, resulting in a “vortex shedding” phenomenon. That is, as shown in
Using the vortex induced vibration of an object in a fluid flow, electrical energy can be additionally harvested for use.
In an aspect of the present technology, the transportation vehicle 101 may include a plurality of electrical energy harvesting systems 701 disposed in the Venturi system 201 in or on the transportation vehicle 101.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, as shown in
In an aspect of the present disclosure,
In an aspect of the present disclosure, another embodiment of the present technology is illustrated in
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the support rod 803 may be in the form of a cylindrical rod. Alternatively, the support rod 803 may be in the form of a T-shaped rod 811 as shown in
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the electrical energy harvesting system 801 may include a stiffening part 807 between the support rod 803 and the piezoelectric sheet 805 to increase wavy motions of the piezoelectric sheet 805, thus increasing the amount of stress or force imposed on the piezoelectric sheet 805 in order to harvest more electrical energy.
Further, in an aspect of the present disclosure, the piezoelectric sheet 805 may include a plurality of magnetic strips 813 having the same magnetic polarity to prevent or minimize contact, e.g., by using magnetic repulsion between the same magnetic polarity, between adjacent piezoelectric sheets. Also, in another aspect of the present disclosure, a plurality of magnetic strips 813 may be installed on the inner wall of the Venturi system 201 in which the piezoelectric sheets 805 operate for harvesting electrical energy from the kinetic energy in the turbulence.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, the Venturi system 201 may be designed or configured to create greater turbulence in the Venturi system 201 for greater generation of electrical energy using piezoelectric sheets. By way of example, as shown in
Further, in another aspect of the present disclosure, when the Venturi system that is used in or on the transportation vehicle or the electric vehicle 101 has a height restriction because of its position in the electric vehicle (e.g., a bottom of the vehicle or on the under body, or a top of the vehicle above), the electrical energy harvesting systems may be disposed or positioned so that the height restriction requirement is met. In such a case, for example, as shown in
In an aspect of the present disclosure, various embodiments of the present technology may be installed or mounted in different forms on or in a transportation vehicle including the electric vehicle 101. By way of example, the example embodiments of the present technology may be installed or designed into sides of the electrical vehicle 101 as shown in
In another aspect of the present technology, the Venturi system 201 with electrical energy harvesting systems 1107 disposed in the constriction area of the Venturi system 201 may be installed or disposed on the top of the electric vehicle 101, as shown in
For at least foregoing, by incorporating one or more embodiment or its variants of the present technology in the electric vehicle 101, it would be possible to additionally extend the driving distance of the electric vehicle 101, by harvesting electrical energy based in part on the kinetic energy stored in the wind or air flow created, as the electric vehicle 101 is driven with a speed on both highways and regular roads.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, the Venturi system 201 may be automatically reconfigured by means of a control device or any other external device (not shown) in the electric vehicle 101. By way of example, the Venturi system may be automatically configured in such a way that the diameters D1, D2, and D3 of the Venturi system may be automatically adjusted or changed while the electricity is being generated by electrical energy harvesting systems to control and manage the electricity generation and harvesting at different speeds of the electric vehicle 101. As such, the Venturi system 201 may include flexible designs using flexible materials for such re-configurations on the fly.
In an aspect of the present disclosure, the Venturi system 201 with the electrical energy harvesting systems may be installed or designed into any type of a transportation vehicle or a transportation system, including but not limited thereto, an automobile, an aircraft, a drone, a boat, an underwater vehicle, etc., or the like.
As mentioned earlier, the generated electricity may be used to recharge a main battery or a subsidiary battery of the electric vehicle for reaching a longer range for travel or powering electronics on-board the electric vehicle. In an aspect of the present disclosure, a manual or automatic turn-on or turn-off feature may be included as part of the electrical energy harvesting system in the electric vehicle. That is, an operator of the electric vehicle may be able to turn-on or turn-off the use of the Venturi system with the electrical energy harvesting systems by a user command or control on the driver console or electronic display in the electric vehicle.
As a result, the present technology may improve the efficiency of the electric vehicle, thereby enabling driving of the electric vehicle for a longer distance traveled without making frequent stops at public or private charging stations on the road. When the electric vehicle is in motion, additional electricity may be harvested and stored in storage units or power on-board electronics, thereby conserving the use of the main battery of the electric vehicle.
Further, in an aspect of the present disclosure, the present technology including the Venturi system with electric energy harvesting systems 1201 may be installed or integrated in other transportation vehicles 1203 such as an aircraft or a drone, as shown in
Further, in another aspect of the disclosure, the present technology may be installed or integrated in a vehicle such as a boat or a submarine or an underwater vehicle in order to generate and harvest electricity while the vehicle is in motion through utilizing the Venturi system 201 being able to generate and harvest electricity as the advantage of an accelerated fluid flow in a Venturi system 201 is not limited to air flow.
As mentioned earlier, the present technology may supplement the main power source such as the main battery for the transportation system such as a transportation system by converting kinetic energy of the transportation system into electric energy for use, thereby increasing the efficiency of the transportation system. The present technology may be installed or designed in as part of any transportation system that “moves” with a speed for any purpose. By using one or more embodiments of the present technology, alone or in combination with others, the present technology will increase the efficiency of the transportation system by increasing a total travel distance of the transportation system. Also, as noted above, the present technology may be combined with other existing and/or future technology to generate and harvest electricity from various kinetic energy including wind or air flow energy. Further, by incorporating one or more aspects of the present technology it may help a wider adoption of an electric vehicle or a transportation system because of the increased efficiency of the electric vehicle or the transportation system (e.g., a longer driving distance or a longer travel range results in less reliance on development of additional infrastructure).
For at least the foregoing, the present technology provides numerous benefits and improvements including a longer range of a transportation system by generating and harvesting additional electricity for immediate use and storage into one or more batteries while the transportation system is in motion.
In an aspect of the present technology, the controller 305 or other electronics that are interacting with the present technology may be implemented by one or more processing system(s).
Even though particular combinations of features are disclosed in the specification and/or recited in the claims, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of the present technology. Further, the methods or methodologies for the present technology disclosed herein may be implemented in software, hardware, any combinations of software and hardware, a computer program or firmware incorporated in a computer readable medium for execution by a controller, a processor, a computer, or a processing system that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microcontrollers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), discrete hardware circuits, gated logic, state machines, programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functions described herein. The term “software” as used herein is to be construed broadly to mean any instructions, instruction sets, programs, subprograms, code, program code, software modules, applications, software packages, routines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc. including firmware, microcode, middleware, software, hardware description language, or the like.
Also, the term “software” as used herein includes various types of machine instructions including instructions, code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, executables, procedures, functions, etc. The software may also refer to general software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or etc. As noted above, the software may be stored on a computer-readable medium.
Examples of a computer-readable medium may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as, by way of example, an optical disk, a magnetic storage device, a digital versatile disk, a flash memory, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), a register, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), a removable disk, a flash memory device, and any other suitable medium for storing software that may be accessed and read by a processor or a processing system. It is also appreciated that one skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality relating to adding new system functionalities to an existing network element, depending upon a particular application within design constraints.
The term “unit,” “device” or “component” as used herein means software, hardware, or any combinations thereof. A unit may be implemented as a software component, a hardware component, or any combinations thereof, including a field programmable gate array (FPGA), logic, logic arrays, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), microcontroller, microprocessor, etc. or any combinations thereof. The unit thus may include software components, task components, processes, procedures, functions, program code, firmware, micro-codes, circuits, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables.
The term “article of manufacture” is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or medium. A singular form may include a plural form if there is no clearly opposite meaning in the context. Also, as used herein, the article “a” is intended to include one or more items. Further, no element, act, step, or instruction used in the present disclosure should be construed as critical or essential to the present disclosure unless explicitly described as such in the present disclosure.
As used herein, except explicitly noted otherwise, the term “comprise” and variations of the term, such as “comprising,” “comprises,” and “comprised” are not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps. The terms “first,” “second,” and so forth used herein may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the above terms. The above terms are used only to discriminate one component from other components, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
Also, the term “and/or” as used herein includes a combination of a plurality of associated items or any item of the plurality of associated items. Further, it is noted that when it is described that an element is “coupled” or “connected” to another element, the element may be directly coupled or directly connected to the other element, or the element may be coupled or connected to the other element through a third element. Also, the term “in” includes “in” and “on”.
In the present disclosure, the term “include” or “have” as used herein indicates that a feature, an operation, a component, a step, a number, a part or any combination thereof described herein is present. Further, the term “include” or “have” does not exclude a possibility of presence or addition of one or more other features, operations, components, steps, numbers, parts or combinations.
Although the present technology has been illustrated with specific examples described herein for purposes of describing example embodiments, it is appreciated by one skilled in the relevant art that a wide variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific examples shown and described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. As such, the present disclosure is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the examples and/or embodiments shown and described herein, without departing from the spirit and the technical scope of the present disclosure.
The application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/572,391, filed Oct. 13, 2017, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62572391 | Oct 2017 | US |
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Parent | 16614368 | Nov 2019 | US |
Child | 18059968 | US |
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Parent | 18059968 | Nov 2022 | US |
Child | 18448253 | US |