This disclosure relates generally to a method and ice making apparatus for ice harvesting, wherein the ice may be used in a variety of settings, including beverage dispensers, e.g., for cafeterias, restaurants (including fast food restaurants), theatres, convenience stores, gas stations, and other entertainment and/or food service venues, with reduced overall dimensions of apparatus and decreased freezing time for ice.
Ice making machines described in the art typically form clear crystalline ice by freezing water that flows over a cooled surface.
Existing ice making machines have several shortcomings. For example, they form ice cubes relatively slowly, which leads to a low ice production rates at a given number of ice forming cells. For example, conventional ice making machines typically have ice production cycles of about 10-15 minutes. In order to provide required ice consumption during peak hours, conventional machines are typically equipped with a large size hopper. During storage, ice in the hopper requires mechanical agitation to avoid freezing of ice cubes together. This noticeably increases complexity and overall dimension of the ice making machine. Very often, a large hopper for ice storage is required, which in turn may require the hopper to be located remotely from the point of dispense. Transportation of ice from a remote location to the point of dispensing may add to complexity and operation of ice making. In addition, ice stored for a significant period of time may become contaminated. Conventional machines are not equipped to provide for harvesting of ice that is commensurate with ice production cycles of less than about 10-15 minutes.
Therefore there is a need for a new ice making machine, which would provide faster ice cube freezing, and enable close to “ice-on-demand” production and harvesting rates, which in turn translates to a smaller overall machine footprint.
In an aspect of the disclosure an ice cube mold is provided. The mold defines a first volume for an ice cube, the mold comprising a bottom face having an inner perimeter and side faces. Each side face of the mold has a corresponding inner perimeter, a corresponding top edge, and a corresponding bottom edge. The corresponding top edge of each side face is longer than the corresponding bottom edge. Each side face extends inward from the corresponding top edge to the corresponding bottom edge. The mold comprises a three-dimensional shape, the three-dimensional shape located within the first volume, the three-dimensional shape comprising a second volume. The second volume is defined by a top outer perimeter, a bottom outer perimeter, and at least a bulge of the three-dimensional shape. The bulge extends upwardly between the bottom outer perimeter and the top outer perimeter. The bulge tapers as it extends upwardly between the bottom outer perimeter and the top outer perimeter of the three-dimensional shape. The mold further defines a third volume between the first volume and the second volume, with the mold configured to receive water within the third volume.
The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the following detailed description of the illustrated embodiments thereof which are to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
In an aspect of the disclosure, an ice making machine may be provided with reduced overall dimensions and decreased freezing time of an ice cube to provide “ice-on-demand” production.
In an aspect, heat flow from water in a mold may be increased toward the mold. The heat flow may be enhanced by increasing area of a mold-water interface.
In an aspect, a predetermined ice cube shape may be used to reduce freezing time. The predetermined ice cube shape may have a shape of a truncated pyramid similar to a regular dice ice cube.
In an aspect, a mold with a plurality of cells and plurality of channels for cooling agent may be used. In order to provide freezing of water surface at the open side of a cell, an evaporator may be utilized. The ice making machine may comprise a cooling agent distribution system configured to deliver a pathway for a cooling agent that provides substantially equal heat removal from a plurality of ice cube molds.
In an aspect of the disclosure an ice making apparatus may be provided. The ice making apparatus may comprise a mold, the mold defining a first volume for an ice cube, the mold comprising a bottom face having an inner perimeter and side faces. Each side face of the mold may have a corresponding inner perimeter, a corresponding top edge, and a corresponding bottom edge. The corresponding top edge of each side face may be longer than the corresponding bottom edge. Each side face may extend inward from the corresponding top edge to the corresponding bottom edge. The mold may comprise a three-dimensional shape, the three-dimensional shape located within the first volume, the three-dimensional shape comprising a second volume. The second volume may be defined by a top outer perimeter, a bottom outer perimeter, and at least a bulge of the three-dimensional shape. The bulge may extend upwardly between the bottom outer perimeter and the top outer perimeter. The bulge may taper as it extends upwardly between the bottom outer perimeter and the top outer perimeter of the three-dimensional shape. The mold may further define a third volume between the first volume and the second volume, with the mold configured to receive water within the third volume. The apparatus may comprise a cooling device configured to cool water within the third volume sufficiently to freeze the water.
In one aspect of the disclosure an ice making apparatus may be provided comprising a mold. The mold may comprise an upper part and a lower part. Each of the parts may comprise a plurality of ice cube mold cells corresponding to a plurality of ice cube mold cells of the other mold part. The mold may be configured so that a first mold cell of the lower part of the mold and a corresponding second cell of the upper part of mold comprises a single enclosure. The single enclosure may define a volume for a single ice cube. A first channel may be configured to fill the first mold cell and the corresponding second mold cell with water. A second channel may be configured to allow air to escape from the single enclosure when the first mold cell and the second mold cell are filled with water. A plurality of passageways may be configured to receive a cooling agent and provide sufficient heat transfer from water within the mold cells to the mold cells, and freezing the water within the mold cells.
In an aspect, an ice making apparatus may be provided that comprises an evaporator. The evaporator may be separate from the mold. The evaporator and the mold may be combined wherein evaporation occurs in the mold. A dual or two loop system may be employed. In a two loop system, evaporation occurs in an evaporator, e.g., a heat carrier is cooled in the evaporator. After being cooled in the evaporator, the heat carrier is placed in heat transfer contact with the mold, and the heat carrier cools the mold. In an aspect, the heat carrier flows through a portion of the mold to cool the mold.
In one aspect of the disclosure, an ice making apparatus may be provided comprising a mold and a plate. The mold may be positioned over the plate. The mold may comprise a plurality of ice cube mold cells, each ice cube mold cell may comprise an opening at the bottom of the cell, and an air escape channel at the top of the cell to allow air to escape from the ice cube mold cell when the plate is filled with water. The mold and the plate may each comprise a plurality of passageways, each passageway configured to receive a cooling agent and provide sufficient heat transfer from water within the ice cube mold cells to the ice cube mold cells, and freeze water within the ice cube mold cells. Each ice cube mold cell may comprise a corresponding channel to allow air to escape from the ice cube mold cell when the plate is filled with water.
In one aspect of the disclosure, a method of making a plurality of ice cubes may be provided. The method may comprise placing a mold over a plate. The mold may comprise a plurality of cells. Each cell may comprise an opening at the bottom of the cell, and an air escape channel at the top of the cell. The method may comprise filling each of the plurality of cells by filling the plate with water, and transferring heat from water within the plurality of cells to the mold cells and freezing water within the cells.
In one aspect of the disclosure, an ice making apparatus may be provided comprising a mold, wherein the mold may comprise a plurality of cells. Each cell may comprise an opening at a top of each cell. The mold may comprise a plurality of passageways for a cooling agent, and an upper part. The upper part may be hermetically enclosed with a cover. The upper part may comprise a vacuum chamber. A vacuum pump may be provided, the vacuum pump configured to pump wet air from the mold. A pipe may be provided, the pipe extending from the vacuum chamber of the mold to the vacuum pump. When pressure in the vacuum chamber starts to decrease, dissolved gases start to leave the bulk of water in each cell. The vacuum pump may be configured to pump wet air from the mold so that the pressure in the vacuum chamber drops below 61 0.5 Pa ((0.18 in Hg) at 32° F.).
In one aspect of the disclosure, an ice cube is provided. The ice cube may comprise a top face having an outer perimeter, a bottom face having an outer perimeter, and side faces. Each side face may include a corresponding outer perimeter, a corresponding top edge, and a corresponding bottom edge, the corresponding top edge of each side face being longer than the corresponding bottom edge, each side face extending inward from the corresponding top edge to the corresponding bottom edge. The top face, bottom face and side faces may define a first volume. In an embodiment, a three-dimensional shape may be provided, the three-dimensional shape located within the first volume. The three-dimensional shape may comprise a second volume. The second volume may be defined by a top outer perimeter, a bottom outer perimeter, and at least a bulge. The bulge may extend upwardly between the bottom outer perimeter and the top outer perimeter of the three-dimensional shape. The bulge may taper as it extends upwardly between the bottom outer perimeter and the top outer perimeter of the three-dimensional shape. The ice cube may further define a third volume between the first volume and the second volume, the third volume comprising ice, and second volume comprising unfrozen liquid or air, or a combination of unfrozen liquid and air.
In an aspect, a cooling agent distribution apparatus may be provided. The cooling agent distribution apparatus may comprise an inlet, an outlet, and a distribution device. The inlet may be configured to receive a cooling agent. The distribution device may be configured to receive the cooling agent from the inlet. The distribution device may be configured to distribute cooling agent in a manner that the cooling agent provides substantially equal or even cooling to a plurality of molds that comprise a liquid to be cooled by the cooling agent.
In an aspect, an ice making machine may be provided that is configured to produce ice faster than conventional ice making machines. Conventional ice making apparatus, such as ice making apparatus used to make ice for beverage dispensers, typically have ice production cycles of about 10-15 minutes, i.e., about 4-6 cycles per hour. In an aspect of the present disclosure, an ice making machine may be provided that produces ice in less than 1 minute, i.e., more than 60 cycles per hour. In an aspect of the present disclosure, an ice making machine may be provided that produces ice in about 30 seconds, i.e., about 120 cycles per hour. In an aspect of the present disclosure, an ice making machine may be provided that produces ice in about 17 seconds or less, i.e., about 212 cycles per hour or more. In an aspect of the present disclosure, an ice making machine may be provided that produces ice in about 15 seconds, i.e., about 240 cycles per hour. The above 30 second and 17 second times are freezing times. Time is needed to fill cells with water, freeze it, disengage the ice from the mold, and to harvest the ice. Therefore, the production cycle is about 70-90 seconds, which includes a 30 second freezing time, and the production cycle is about 60-80 seconds, which includes a 17 second freezing time.
In an aspect, an ice making machine may be provided that comprises an ice harvesting apparatus. The ice harvesting apparatus may comprise various structures for facilitating removal of ice cubes from a mold. The ice harvesting apparatus may be configured to be incorporated into the ice making machine and/or cooperate with the ice making machine disclosed herein.
In an aspect of the disclosure, an ice making apparatus comprising a mold is provided. The apparatus comprises an arm and an ice cube mold comprising a plurality of ice cube mold cells. The ice cube mold is configured to cool a liquid in the ice cube mold cells sufficient such that an ice cube is formed in each ice cube mold cell. The apparatus comprises a water filling system, the water filling system configured to move along the arm. The water filling system comprises water filling dispensers. Each water filling dispenser is configured to dispense a liquid to be frozen into a corresponding ice cube mold cell. Each water filling dispenser is configured to move an ice cube formed in the corresponding ice cube mold cell away from the corresponding ice cube mold cell when the water filling system moves away from the ice cube mold. Moreover, the apparatus comprises an ice cube remover. The ice cube remover may be configured to push ice cubes off the water filling dispensers when the water filling system is moved along the arm toward the ice cube remover.
In an aspect of the disclosure, an ice making apparatus is configured to provide conditions for fast (on-demand) production. This is achieved by increased intensity of heat exchange between water and mold which is achieved by specially designed cells which increase the surface area of the water-mold interface.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, a mold 126 is provided. Mold 126 may define a first volume for an ice cube, such as ice cube 100. Mold 126 may comprise a bottom face having an inner perimeter. Mold 126 may also comprise side faces. Each side face of the mold may have a corresponding inner perimeter, a corresponding top edge, and a corresponding bottom edge. The corresponding top edge of each side face may be longer than the corresponding bottom edge, each side face extending inward from the corresponding top edge to the corresponding bottom edge. The bottom face and side faces of mold 126 may respectively correspond to the bottom face 101, and side faces 105, 106, 107 and 108 of ice cube 100. Mold 126 nay comprise a top face having an inner diameter. Top face of mold 126 may correspond to the top face 102 of ice cube 100.
In an embodiment of the disclosure, a three-dimensional shape 122 is provided. In an embodiment, three-dimensional shape 122 may be generally a three-dimensional “U”-shape 120. The U-shape 120 may have a top outer perimeter 103, and a bottom outer perimeter 104, and side fins 124. In an embodiment, top outer perimeter 103 may be smaller than the bottom outer perimeter 104. In an embodiment, side fins 124 may taper as they extend upwardly from the bottom outer perimeter 104 to top outer perimeter 103.
Ice cube 150 may be formed in accordance with the following procedure. An empty mold is cooled down from the bottom of the mold to about −30 to about −35 degrees. The mold is filled with room temperature water using a syringe. In about 30-35 seconds, ice cube 150 may be frozen to about 95% by volume, and 100% frozen in about 45 seconds.
An ice cube having the same dimensions as ice cube 150 is formed in accordance with the following procedure. An empty mold is cooled down from the bottom of the mold to about −30 to about −35 degrees Celsius. The mold is filled with room temperature water using a syringe. In about 17 seconds, unfrozen water may be sucked from the mold, leaving a layer of ice on the mold surfaces. The average wall thickness may be about 2 mm after 17 seconds of freezing. When the freezing time is extended to 30 seconds, the average wall thickness was about 3 mm.
Ice cube 100 described in connection with
Ice cube 100′ described in connection with
In an aspect of the disclosure, using an ice cube shape as shown in
Other embodiments in accordance with the disclosure are depicted in
An embodiment of a mold 400 is shown in
Because volume of ice in the ice cube 500 is significantly lower than that of a monolithic ice cube of the same exterior dimension, ice cube freezing time to form ice cube 500 may be about 20-fold less as compared to ice cube freezing time to form a monolithic cube of the same external dimensions.
The freezing time may be chosen so that the resulting wall thickness of the ice cube may be sufficient to provide required mechanical strength of the ice cube. Because the volume of ice in ice cube 500 is significantly less than that of a monolithic ice cube of the same exterior dimension, the time needed to freeze the ice cube structure of ice cube 500, i.e., ice cube walls 501, may be reduced by a factor of about 20-fold for a wall thickness of about 2-3 mm.
An alternative approach for production of ice cubes is shown in
As the pressure above water surface (e.g., in vacuum chamber 707) starts to decrease, dissolved gases start to leave the bulk of water. When the pressure drops below the point of water vapor partial pressure (which is 61 0.5 Pa (0.18 in Hg) at 32° F.) water/ice start to intensively evaporate. This causes significant heat energy removal from the remaining liquid water.
Ice cube 1000 may be formed in accordance with the following procedure. An empty mold corresponding to the shape of ice cube 1000 may be cooled down to −35 degrees Celsius. The mold is filled with room temperature water using a syringe.
Distribution device 1506 may comprise any suitable combination of pan shape and body shape for distribution of cooling agent in pan 1508 to provide substantially equal or even cooling to a plurality of molds 1512 that may comprise a liquid to be cooled by the cooling agent. As shown in
In an embodiment, body 1510 may comprise a first end 1520, a second end 1522, a top surface 1524 and a bottom surface 1526, the bottom surface 1526 opposite the top surface 1524. Bottom surface 1526 of body 1510 may lie on surface 1542 of pan 1508. Body 1510 may comprise a first side surface 1528, and a second side surface 1530, the second side surface 1530 opposite the first side surface 1528. First end 1520 may be in fluid communication with inlet 1502. Second end 1522 may be at an end of third section 1518.
First section 1514 may define a first set of holes 1532. First set of holes 1532 may comprise two holes at first side surface 1528, and two holes at second side surface 1530, the two holes at second side surface 1530 opposite the two holes at first side surface 1528.
Second section 1516 may define a second set of holes 1534. Second set of holes 1534 may comprise one hole at top surface 1524, one hole at first side surface 1528, and one hole at second side surface 1530.
Third section 1518 may define a third set of holes 1536. Third set of holes 1536 may comprise two holes at top surface 1524, three holes at first side surface 1528, and three holes at second side surface 1530.
Those of skill in the art will recognize that, in accordance with the disclosure, as cooling agent flows from body 1510 and into pan 1508, and then flows towards outlet 1504, the cooling agent will cool liquid that may be placed in the plurality of molds 1512 by removing heat from the liquid. Those of skill in the art will recognize that, in accordance with the disclosure, the placement, number, and sizing of each of the holes of the first, second, and third sets of holes may be varied to distribute cooling agent in a manner that the cooling agent provides substantially equal or even cooling to a plurality of molds 1512 that may comprise a liquid to be cooled by the cooling agent. Those of skill in the art will recognize that, in accordance with the disclosure, the equal or even cooling of the liquid in the plurality of molds may result in liquid in each mold freezing at about the same rate, thereby forming an ice cube in each mold at about the same time.
Those of skill in the art will recognize that, in accordance with the disclosure, cooling agent distribution apparatus 1500 and/or distribution device 1506 may be used in for the making of ice cubes, such as the ice cubes disclosed herein, e.g., ice cube 100 (shown in
Apparatus 1500 may also be used to facilitate removal of ice cubes from molds 1512. For example, after ice cubes have been formed in molds 1512, the flow of the cooling agent may be stopped, and a flow of a warming agent, also called a hot cooling agent, may be sent through the same pathway as the cooling agent, i.e., the warming agent may be sent through inlet 1502, distribution device 1506, pan 1508, and outlet 1504. The warming agent may have a first temperature at inlet 1502, and a second temperature at outlet 1504. The second temperature of the warming agent at outlet 1504 may be different than the than the first temperature of the warming agent at inlet 1502. For example, the second temperature of the warming agent at outlet 1504 may be lower than the first temperature of the warming agent at inlet 1502. As the warming agent flows through pan 1508, the warming agent heats the ice-mold interface, thereby loosening the ice cubes from molds 1512.
The ice harvesting apparatus may comprise two molds. Each mold may comprise a plurality of mold cells. The two molds may be anti-phase and rotational with respect to each other.
Mold device 1600 may comprise a first subassembly 1614. First subassembly 1614 may comprise mold 1602, a first mold cover 1616, a first heat transfer device 1610, and a first heat transfer device cover 1618. First mold cover 1616 may comprise a thermally insulated cover and/or comprise thermally insulated material. First mold cover 1616 may define a first opening 1634. First mold cover 1616 may be configured so that when it is placed over mold 1602, first opening 1634 allows for the plurality of mold cells 1606 to be filled with a liquid, e.g., water, when mold 1602 is in an upwardly facing position. Mold 1602 may be configured so that first heat transfer device 1610 may be placed in compartment 1636 of first heat transfer device cover 1618.
Mold device 1600 may comprise a second subassembly 1620. Second subassembly 1620 may comprise mold 1604, a second mold cover 1622, a second heat transfer device 1612, and a second heat transfer device cover 1624. Second mold cover 1622 may define a second opening 1640. Second mold cover 1624 may be configured so that when it is placed over mold 1604, second opening 1640 allows for the plurality of mold cells 1608 to be filled with a liquid, e.g., water, when mold 1604 is in an upwardly facing position. Mold 1604 may be configured so that second heat transfer device 1612 may be placed in compartment 1642 of second heat transfer device cover 1624.
Mold device 1600 may comprise a housing 1626. Housing 1626 may be thermally insulated and/or comprise thermally insulated material. Mold device 1600 may comprise inlet cooling agent tubes 1628, outlet cooling tubes 1628′, shaft 1630 and shaft supports 1632. Inlet cooling agent tubes 1628 and outlet cooling agent tubes 1628′ may be flexible. Inlet cooling agent tubes 1628 may be configured to supply a cooling agent to at least the first heat transfer device 1610 when the first heat transfer device 1610 is in an upwardly facing position, or supply a cooling agent to at least the second heat transfer device 1612 when the second heat transfer device 1612 is in an upwardly facing position. Shaft 1630 may be supported by shaft supports 1632. Shaft 1630 may be configured to rotate about an axis A-A so that first subassembly 1614 and the second subassembly 1620 may change positions. For example, the first subassembly 1614 may be rotated from an upwardly facing position as shown in
First subassembly 1614 and second subassembly 1620 may be back-to-back when placed in housing 1626. In other words, a back 1644 of the first heat transfer device 1618 may face a back 1646 of the second heat transfer device cover 1624.
Those of skill in the art will recognize that in accordance with the disclosure, the first heat transfer device 1610 and second heat transfer device 1612 may be any suitable heat transfer device, including but not limited to a heat transfer device comprising cooling fins 1648.
In step 2511 of procedure 2500, water is filled into the cube molds 2506 of mold 2502. During step 2511, cooling of mold 2502 may be achieved by passing a cooling agent 2302 through channels 2304. During step 2511, heating of mold 2504 may begin to loosen ice cubes previously frozen in cube molds 2508 of mold 2504. Heating of mold 2504 may occur by passing a warming agent 2314 through channels 2305 of mold 2504. Step 2511 may take about 10 seconds.
After water is filled into cube molds 2506 of mold 2502 in step 2511, step 2512 may then be conducted. In step 2512, cooling of mold 2502 may continue by continuing to pass cooling agent 2302 through channels 2304, thereby beginning of freezing the water in cube molds 2506. In step 2512, heating of mold 2504 may continue by continuing to pass the warming agent 2314 through channels 2305 of mold 2504. Heating of mold 2504, in combination gravity and using a harvest assist rod 2303 to knock or push ice cubes from cube molds 2506, results in a harvesting of ice cubes 2550 from mold 2504 in step 2512. Step 2512 may take about 20 seconds.
In step 2513, cooling of mold 2502 may continue by continuing to pass cooling agent 2302 through channels 2304, thereby continuing to freeze the water in cube molds 2506. In step 2513, cooling of mold 2504 may begin by passing cooling agent 2302 through channels 2305. Step 2513 may take about 10 seconds.
In step 2514, molds 2502 and 2504 are rotated 180 degrees so that mold 2502 and corresponding channels 2304 take the place of mold 2504 and corresponding channels 2305. Procedure 2500 may be repeated, beginning with cube molds 2508 of mold 2504 being filled with water instead of cube molds 2506 of mold 2502 in accordance with step 2511, and beginning of heating of mold 2502 (to loosen ice cubes previously frozen in cube molds 2506 of mold 2502 in step 2513), e.g., heating mold 2502 by passing warming agent 2314 through channels 2304.
In step 2611 of procedure 2600, water is filled into the cube molds 2606 of mold 2602. Water may be filled using water filling needles 2620. Cooling of mold 2602 may also occur during step 2611. During step 2611, cooling of mold 2602 may also occur by passing a cooling agent 2302 through channels 2304. During step 2611, mold 2604 may be heated to loosen ice cubes 2640 previously formed in mold 2604. For example, this heating may be performed as shown in step 2611 of
In step 2612, cooling of mold 2602 continues to freeze the water in mold 2602. During step 2612, extractor bar 2656 may be moved away from mold 2604, thereby moving water filling needles 2630 and ice cubes 2640 away from mold 2604. Moving of ice cubes 2640 away from mold 2604 may be facilitated by continuing to heat mold 2604, thereby heating the ice-mold interface.
In step 2613, cooling of mold 2602 continues to freeze the water in mold 2602. During step 2613, extractor bar 2656 may be moved towards ice cube remover 2650. Ice cube remover 2650 may be a rod or bar. When ice cubes 2640 come into contact with ice cube remover 2650, ice cube remover 2650 knocks or pushes ice cubes 2640 off of water filling needles 2630. During step 2613, cooling agent 2302 may begin to be passed through channels 2304 of mold 2604 in order to begin to cool mold 2604.
Step 2614 is the mirror image of step 2611. During step 2614, extractor bar 2656 is returned back to mold 2604 and water filling needles 2630 begin to fill mold 2604 with water. During step 2614, mold 2602 may be heated to loosen ice cubes 2660 previously formed in mold 2602. Heating of mold 2602 during step 2614 may be similar to heating of mold 2604 as previously discussed in connection with step 2611. As shown in
Step 2615 is the mirror image of step 2612. During step 2615, passing cooling agent 2302 through channels 2304 continues, thus continuing the cooling of mold 2604, and the freezing of the water in mold 2604. During step 2615, extractor bar 2658 is moved away from mold 2602, thereby moving water filling needles 2620 associated with extractor bar 2568 and ice cubes 2660 away from mold 2602. Moving of ice cubes 2660 away from mold 2602 may be facilitated by continuing to heat mold 2602, thereby heating the ice-mold interface.
In step 2616, heating of mold 2604 may begin to heat the ice-mold interface. In step 2616, extractor bar 2658 may be moved towards ice cube remover 2652. Ice cube remover 2652 may be a rod or bar. When ice cubes 2660 come into contact with ice cube remover 2652, ice cube remover 2652 knocks or pushes ice cubes 2660 off of water filling needles 2620. During step 2616, cooling agent 2302 may begin to be passed through channels 2304 of mold 2602 in order to begin to cool mold 2602.
Each mold 2602 and 2604 may have an 80 second ice cube production cycle in accordance with procedure 2600.
Water filling system 2700 may be moved along arm 2804 towards ice cube remover 2806, as shown in
Water filling system 2700 may be connected to extension arm 2810. Extension arm 2810 may be configured to extend and retract from housing 2812. Motor 2814 may be configured to provide power to move a distal end 2822 of extension arm 2810 away from housing 2812, thereby moving water filling system 2700 towards ice cube remover 2806. After ice cubes 2830 have been removed from needles 2720 by ice cube remover 2806, motor 2814 may provide power to move distal end 2822 of extension arm 2810 back towards housing 2812, thereby moving water filling system 2700 back to mold 2802. After water filling system 2700 is moved along arm 2804 to mold 2802, arm 2804 may then be pivoted or tiled down (powered by motor 2816) so that arm 2804 is perpendicular to the floor 2824, whereupon water filling system 2700 may fill mold 2802 with water and the ice cube making and ice cube harvesting procedure may be repeated. Those of skill in the art will recognize that in accordance with the disclosure, motor 2814 may be any suitable motor, including but not limited to a hydraulic motor.
As shown in
As shown in
The apparatus shown and described above in connection with
The following is a description of an apparatus that may be used in a harvesting operation that may be less than 30 seconds. More specifically, the apparatus described below in connection with
As shown in
Water filling system 3000 may be moved along arm 2804 towards ice cube remover 3104, as shown in
Water filling system 3000 may be connected to extension arm 2810. Extension arm 2810 may be configured to extend and retract from housing 2812. Motor 2814 may be configured to provide power to move a distal end 2822 of extension arm 2810 away from housing 2812, thereby moving water filling system 3000 towards ice cube remover 3104. After ice cubes 3106 have been removed from nozzles 3014 by ice cube remover 3104, motor 2814 may provide power to move distal end 2822 of extension arm 2810 back towards housing 2812, thereby moving water filling system 3000 back to mold 3008. After water filling system 3000 is moved along arm 2804 to mold 3008, arm 2804 may then be pivoted or tiled down (powered by motor 2816) so that arm 2804 is perpendicular to the floor 2824, whereupon water filling system 3000 may fill mold 3008 with water and the ice cube making and ice cube harvesting procedure may be repeated. Those of skill in the art will recognize that in accordance with the disclosure, motor 2814 may be any suitable motor, including but not limited to a hydraulic motor.
In an aspect of the disclosure an ice making apparatus is provided. The ice making apparatus may comprise a mold, the mold defining a first volume for an ice cube, the mold comprising a bottom face having an inner perimeter and side faces. Each side face of the mold may have a corresponding inner perimeter, a corresponding top edge, and a corresponding bottom edge. The corresponding top edge of each side face may be longer than the corresponding bottom edge. Each side face may extend inward from the corresponding top edge to the corresponding bottom edge. The mold may comprise a three-dimensional shape, the three-dimensional shape located within the first volume, the three-dimensional shape comprising a second volume. The second volume may be defined by a top outer perimeter, a bottom outer perimeter, and at least a bulge of the three-dimensional shape. The bulge may extend upwardly between the bottom outer perimeter and the top outer perimeter. The bulge may taper as it extends upwardly between the bottom outer perimeter and the top outer perimeter of the three-dimensional shape. The mold may further define a third volume between the first volume and the second volume, with the mold configured to receive water within the third volume. The apparatus may comprise a cooling device configured to cool water within the third volume sufficiently to freeze the water. Those of skill in the art will recognize that in accordance with the disclosure, any suitable cooling device may be used to freeze water in the mold. For example, the cooling device may comprise one or more passageways configured to receive a cooling agent having a sufficiently low temperature that when the cooling agent flows through the one or more passageways, heat transfer will occur between the water in the mold and the mold such that the water in the mold will freeze. A suitable cooling device may comprise an evaporator.
In an aspect, the bottom face and the side faces of the mold comprise parallelograms. In an aspect, the ice making apparatus may comprise an evaporator, the evaporator configured to provide a cooling agent to the cooling device, the cooling agent having a temperature sufficient to freeze the water in the third volume. In an aspect, the mold may comprise a mold body. The mold body may comprise a plurality of molds cells. In an aspect, each mold cell may comprise a fin. Each fin may be connected to the mold body. In an aspect, the mold may comprise a plurality of passageways. Each passageway may be configured to receive a cooling agent and provide sufficient heat transfer from water within the mold cells to the mold cells, and freezing the water within the mold cells.
In an aspect, the three-dimensional shape may comprise a substantially three-dimensional U-shape. In an aspect, the three-dimensional shape may comprise a substantially three-dimensional truncated M-shape. In an aspect, the three-dimensional shape may comprise a set of at least two three-dimensional L-shapes. In an aspect, the at least two three-dimensional L shapes may be mirror images of each other. In an aspect, the three-dimensional shape may further comprise a third three-dimensional shape. The third three-dimensional shape may be positioned between and joining the at least two three-dimensional L-shapes. In an aspect, the bulge may comprise at least two fins. In an aspect, the bulge may comprise four side faces. In an aspect, the four side faces may be parallelograms.
In an aspect of the disclosure an ice making apparatus is provided comprising an mold. The mold may comprise an upper part and a lower part. Each of the parts may comprise a plurality of ice cube mold cells corresponding to a plurality of ice cube mold cells of the other part. The mold may be configured so that a first mold cell of the lower part of the mold and a corresponding second cell of the upper part of the mold comprises a single enclosure. The single enclosure may define a volume for a single ice cube. A first channel may be configured to fill the first mold cell and the corresponding second mold cell with water. A second channel may be configured to allow air to escape from the single enclosure when the first mold cell and the second mold cell are filled with water. A plurality of passageways may be configured to receive a cooling agent and provide sufficient heat transfer from water within the mold cells to the mold cells, and freezing the water within the mold cells.
In an aspect, a seal coating may be provided at a surface area wherein the upper part meets the lower part.
In an aspect of the disclosure an ice making apparatus is provided comprising a mold and a plate. The mold may be positioned over the plate. The mold may comprise a plurality of ice cube mold cells, each ice cube mold cell may comprise an opening at the bottom of the cell, and an air escape channel at the top of the cell to allow air to escape from the ice cube mold cell when the plate is filled with water. The mold and the plate may each comprise a plurality of passageways, each passageway configured to receive a cooling agent and provide sufficient heat transfer from water within the ice cube mold cells to the ice cube mold cells, and freeze water within the ice cube mold cells. Each ice cube mold cell may comprise a corresponding channel to allow air escape from the ice cube mold cell when the plate is filled with water.
In an aspect, the ice cube mold cells may have a shape of a truncated pyramid.
In an aspect of the disclosure a method of making a plurality of ice cubes is provided. The method may comprise placing a mold over a plate. The mold may comprise a plurality of cells, each cell having an opening at the bottom of the cell, and an air escape channel at the top of the cell. The method may comprise filling each of the plurality of cells by filling the plate with water, and transferring heat from water within the plurality of cells to the mold cells and freezing water within the cells.
In an aspect, in the above method, at least one ice cube may comprise the shape of a truncated pyramid.
In an aspect, each of the plurality of ice cubes may comprise a wall having a thickness sufficient to provide mechanical strength of an ice cube and an interior volume that is not completely frozen.
In an aspect, the thickness of the wall of each of the plurality of ice cubes may be in the range of about 2-3 mm.
In an aspect of the disclosure an ice making apparatus is provided comprising a mold, wherein the mold may comprise a plurality of cells. Each cell may have an opening at a top of each cell. The mold may comprise a plurality of passageways for a cooling agent, and an upper part. The upper part may be hermetically enclosed with a cover. The upper part may comprise a vacuum chamber. A vacuum pump may be provided, the vacuum pump configured to pump wet air from the mold. A pipe may be provided, the pipe extending from the vacuum chamber of the mold to the vacuum pump. When pressure in the vacuum chamber starts to decrease, dissolved gases start to leave the bulk of water in each cell. The vacuum pump may be configured to pump wet air from the mold so that the pressure in the vacuum chamber drops below 61 0.5 Pa ((0.18 in Hg) at 32° F.).
In an aspect of the disclosure an ice cube is provided. The ice cube may comprise a top face having an outer perimeter, a bottom face having an outer perimeter, and side faces. Each side face may include a corresponding outer perimeter, a corresponding top edge, and a corresponding bottom edge, the corresponding top edge of each side face being longer than the corresponding bottom edge, each side face extending inward from the corresponding top edge to the corresponding bottom edge. The top face, bottom face and side faces may define a first volume. In an embodiment, a three-dimensional shape may be provided, the three-dimensional shape located within the first volume. The three-dimensional shape may comprise a second volume. The second volume may be defined by a top outer perimeter, a bottom outer perimeter, and at least a bulge. The bulge may extend upwardly between the bottom outer perimeter and the top outer perimeter of the three-dimensional shape. The bulge may taper as it extends upwardly between the bottom outer perimeter and the top outer perimeter of the three-dimensional shape. The ice cube may further define a third volume between the first volume and the second volume, the third volume comprising ice, and second volume comprising unfrozen liquid or air, or a combination of unfrozen liquid and air.
In an aspect of the disclosure, an increase in ice production rate can be achieved. The increase in ice production rate may be achieved by increasing ice cube surface area. For example, by increasing ice cube surface area, about 40-50 second freezing times and about 90 second entire ice production cycle may be achieved relative to 10-15 minute ice production cycles of convention method and apparatus.
A 90 second ice production cycle can translate into about 1.4 lbs./minute of an ice-on-demand production rate well within a footprint area, e.g., about 22 feet by 30 feet, and power limitations (e.g., less than about 5.5 kW), if a mold is expanded from a typical 45 cubes per mold to 50 cubes per mold.
The mold may be configured to provide mechanical robustness and hermetic properties under conditions when temperature changes may occur of many degrees Fahrenheit (e.g., hundreds of degrees Fahrenheit) in a few seconds and on a spacious scale of millimeters, i.e., extremely high temperature gradients.
In an aspect, harvesting of ice may be provided wherein positioning of each ice cube is controllable. In an aspect, an ice harvesting apparatus may provide improved ice delivery wherein each ice cube or a predetermined of ice cubes may be individually delivered to a predetermined location. In an aspect an ice harvesting apparatus may be provided that reduces or avoids the need for ice hopper agitation.
In an aspect, a de-aeration apparatus and method may be provided that allows for the making and harvesting of transparent or relatively transparent ice cubes.
In an aspect, an apparatus is provided comprising a distribution device, the distribution device comprising an inlet, an outlet, a pan, and a distribution body. The inlet may be configured to receive a cooling agent having a predetermined first temperature. The distribution body may be configured to receive the cooling agent from the inlet. The distribution body may be configured to distribute the cooling agent into the pan at predetermined locations of the pan and provide substantially equal cooling to a plurality of molds in heat transfer communication with the cooling agent as the cooling agent flows through the pan to the outlet. The outlet may be configured to receive the cooling agent from the pan, wherein the cooling agent has second temperature upon exit of the pan through the outlet, the second temperature of the cooling agent at the outlet being different than the first temperature of the cooling agent at the inlet.
In an aspect, the first temperature of the cooling agent at the inlet is lower than the second temperature of the cooling agent at the outlet. In an aspect, the first temperature of the cooling agent at the inlet is sufficient to freeze water in a plurality of molds in contact with the cooling agent. In an aspect, the distribution body has a length, width, and height that is each less than a corresponding length, width, and height of the pan. The distribution body may define holes to distribute the cooling agent into the pan at predetermined locations of the pan.
In an aspect, the distribution body may comprise a first end, a second end, a first side surface, and a second side surface. The second side surface may be opposite the first side surface, and a bottom surface, wherein the bottom surface is opposite the top surface, wherein the first end is in fluid communication with the inlet, wherein the second end is closer to the outlet than the first end. The distribution body may comprise a first section, a second section, and a third section, wherein the first section is between the inlet and the second section, wherein the second section is between the first section and the third section, and wherein the third section comprises the second end. The first section may defines a first set of holes, the first set of holes comprising at least one hole located at the first side surface and at least one hold located at the second side surface. The second section may define a second set of holes, the second set of holes comprising at least one hole located at the first side surface and at least one hole located at the second side surface. The third section may define a third set of holes, the third set of holes comprising at least one hole located on at the first side surface and at least one hole located on the second side surface.
The first set of holes comprises two holes at the first side surface and two holes at the second side surface opposite the two holes at the first side surface. The second set of holes may comprise a hole at the first side surface and a hole at the second side surface opposite the hole at the first side surface. The second set of holes may comprise a hole at the top surface of the distribution body. The third set of holes may comprise three holes at the first side surface and three holes at the second side surface opposite the three holes at the first side surface. The third set of holes may comprise two holes at the top surface of the distribution body.
In an aspect, the pan may comprise an end in fluid communication with an outlet. The end of the pan may comprise a plurality of holes in fluid communication with the outlet. The end of the pan may comprise a funnel in fluid communication with the outlet.
In an aspect, the apparatus may comprise a mold, the mold comprising a plurality of ice cube molds, the mold configured to lie over a bottom surface of the pan and be positioned in heat transfer communication with the cooling agent between the distribution body and an end of the pan.
In an aspect, the inlet may be configured to receive a warming agent, the warming agent having a predetermined inlet temperature, wherein when the warming agent flows through the pan, the warming agent warms an ice-mold interface between ice cubes previously formed in the plurality of molds. The warming agent may have an outlet temperature at the outlet, the inlet temperature of the warming agent being higher than the outlet temperature of the warming agent.
In an aspect, an apparatus may be provided comprising a distribution device, the distribution device comprising an inlet, an outlet, a pan, and a distribution body. The inlet may be configured to receive a warming agent having a predetermined inlet temperature. The distribution body may be configured to receive the warming agent from the inlet, the distribution body configured to distribute the warming agent into the pan at predetermined locations of the pan and provide substantially equal warming to a plurality of molds in heat transfer communication with the warming agent as the warming agent flows through the pan to the outlet. The outlet may be configured to receive the warming agent from the pan, wherein the warming agent has an outlet temperature upon exit of the pan through the outlet, the outlet temperature of the warming agent at the outlet being different than the inlet temperature of the warming agent at the inlet.
In an aspect, the inlet temperature of the warming agent at the inlet is higher than the outlet temperature of the warming agent at the outlet. In an aspect, the inlet temperature of the warming agent at the inlet is sufficient to warm an ice-mold interface between ice and the plurality of molds.
In an aspect, a device is provided comprising a first ice cube mold, the first ice cube mold comprising a top face and a bottom face, the top face of the first ice cube mold comprising a first plurality of mold cells. The device may comprise a second ice cube mold, the second ice cube mold comprising a top face and bottom face, the top face of the second ice cube mold comprising a second plurality of mold cells (1608). The device may comprise a housing, the housing having an axis that is parallel to the bottom face of the first ice cube mold and parallel to the bottom face of the second ice cube mold. The first ice cube mold may be positioned in the housing with the top face of the first ice cube mold facing up. The second ice cube mold may be positioned in the housing with the top face of the second ice cube mold facing down, wherein the bottom face of the first ice cube mold is in a back-to-back orientation with the bottom face of the second ice cube mold. The housing may be configured to rotate about the axis and rotate the first ice cube mold so that the top face of the first ice cube mold faces down, and the rotate the second ice cube mold so that the top face of the second ice cube mold faces up.
The device may comprise a shaft. The shaft may be configured to rotate the housing about the axis. The device may comprise a first subassembly. The first subassembly may comprise the first ice cube mold, a first top cover, and a first bottom cover, the first ice cube mold retained between the first top cover and the first bottom cover. The device may comprise a second subassembly. The second subassembly may comprise the second ice cube mold, a second top cover, and a second bottom cover, the second ice cube mold retained between the second top cover and the second bottom cover.
The device may comprise a first heat transfer device, the first heat transfer device positioned between first ice cube mold and the first bottom cover; and a second heat transfer device, the second heat transfer device positioned between second ice cube mold and the second bottom cover. The first heat transfer device may comprise a first set of cooling fins, and the second heat transfer device may comprise a second set of cooling fins. The first top cover may define a first top cover opening. The first top cover opening may be configured so that when the first top cover is placed over the first ice cube mold, the first top cover opening allows for the plurality of mold cells of the first ice cube mold to be filled with a liquid when the first ice cube mold is in an upwardly facing position. The first top cover opening may be configured so that the first top cover opening allows for a plurality of ice cubes formed in the mold cells of the first ice cube mold to drop from the mold cells of the first ice cube mold when the first ice cube mold is in a downwardly facing position.
The device may comprise a cooling agent tube configured to supply a cooling agent in heat transfer communication with the first ice cube mold and freeze liquid in the mold cells of the first ice cube mold when the first ice cube mold is in the upwardly facing position. The device may comprise a warming agent tube configured to supply a warming agent in heat transfer communication with the first ice cube mold and heat an ice-mold interface between ice and the mold cells of the first ice cube mold when the first ice cube mold is in the downwardly facing position.
In an aspect, a method is provided comprising freezing a liquid in a plurality of mold cells of an ice cube mold to form ice cubes, the ice cube mold facing up. The method may comprise rotating the ice cube mold so that the ice cube mold faces down. The method may comprise warming the ice cube mold to loosen an ice-mold interface between the ice cubes and the ice cube mold and allow the ice cubes to drop out of the ice cube mold. The method may comprise moving a harvest assist rod relative to the ice cube mold to facilitate removal of ice cubes from the ice cube mold. The freezing of the liquid may comprise method may comprise cooling the liquid with a cooling agent in heat transfer communication with the liquid. The method may comprise sending the cooling agent through a plurality of channels, wherein each channel corresponds one of the mold cells. The warming of the ice cube mold may comprise warming the ice cube mold with a warming agent in heat transfer communication with the ice cube mold. The method may comprise sending the warming agent through a plurality of channels, wherein each channel corresponds one of the mold cells. The warming of the ice cube mold may comprise heating of the ice cube mold with a thin film electric heater, the thin film electric heater positioned around at least a portion of each mold cell. The warming of the ice cube mold may comprise heating of the ice cube mold with a light source and a light absorbing coating, the light absorbing coating positioned around at least a portion of each mold cell and which absorbs light emitted from the light source.
The freezing of the liquid may comprise cooling the liquid with a cooling agent in heat transfer communication with the liquid by sending the cooling agent through a plurality of channels, wherein there is a first set of channels below the mold cells, and a second set channels above the mold cells, and wherein there is a channel above and below each corresponding mold cell. The second set of channels may be positioned within a heat transfer plate. The method may comprise, after freezing of the liquid in the mold, warming of the heat transfer plate to loosen an ice-plate interface between the ice cubes in the mold and the plate. The warming of the heat transfer plate may comprise sending the warming agent through the second set of channels. The warming of the heat transfer plate may comprise heating of the heat transfer plate with a thin film electric heater.
In an aspect, a method is provide comprise freezing a liquid in a plurality of mold cells of an ice cube mold to form ice cubes, the ice cube mold facing up. The method may comprise rotating the ice cube mold so that the ice cube mold faces down. The method may comprise providing a low adhesion coating around at least a portion of the mold cells sufficient to allow the ice cubes to at least partially drop out of the ice cube mold after the step of rotating. The method may comprise moving a harvest assist rod relative to the ice cube mold to facilitate removal of the ice cubes from the ice cube mold. The method may comprise cooling the liquid with a cooling agent in heat transfer communication with the liquid by sending the cooling agent through a plurality of channels, wherein there is a first set of channels below the mold cells, and a second set channels above the mold cells, and wherein there is a channel above and below each corresponding mold cell.
In an aspect, a method is provided comprising placing liquid in a plurality of mold cells of an ice cube mold, placing an extractor in the liquid in each of the mold cells, and freezing the liquid in each of the mold cells to form ice cubes, the ice cube mold facing up. The method may comprise warming the ice cube mold to loosen an ice-mold interface between the ice cubes and the ice cube mold. The method may comprise moving each extractor away from the ice cube mold, thereby moving an ice cube corresponding to each extractor away from the ice cube mold. The method may comprise warming each extractor to loosen an ice-mold interface between each ice cube and the corresponding extractor to allow each ice cube to drop from the corresponding extractor.
The warming of the ice cube mold may comprise warming the ice cube mold with a warming agent in heat transfer communication with the ice cube mold. The method may comprise sending the warming agent through a plurality of channels, wherein each channel corresponds one of the mold cells. The warming of the ice cube mold may comprise heating of the ice cube mold with a thin film electric heater, the thin film electric heater positioned around at least a portion of each mold cell. The warming of the ice cube mold may comprise heating of the ice cube mold with a light source and a light absorbing coating, the light absorbing coating positioned around at least a portion of each mold cell and which absorbs light emitted from the light source.
In an aspect, a method is provided comprising placing liquid in a plurality of mold cells of an ice cube mold, placing an extractor in the liquid in each of the mold cells, freezing liquid in each of the mold cells to form ice cubes, the ice cube mold facing up, and providing a low adhesion coating around at least a portion of the mold cells sufficient to allow the ice cubes to be moved away from the ice cube mold when the extractors are moved away from the ice cube mold. The method may comprise moving each extractor away from the ice cube mold, thereby moving an ice cube corresponding to each extractor away from the ice cube mold. The method may comprise warming each extractor to loosen an ice-mold interface between each ice cube and the corresponding extractor to allow each ice cube to drop from the corresponding extractor.
In an aspect, a method is provided comprising freezing a liquid in a plurality of mold cells of an ice cube mold to form ice cubes, the ice cube mold facing up, the freezing of the liquid further comprising cooling the liquid with a cooling agent in heat transfer communication with the liquid by sending the cooling agent through a plurality of channels, wherein there is a first set of channels below the mold cells, and a second set channels above the mold cells, and wherein there is a channel above and below each corresponding mold cell, wherein the second set of channels are positioned within a heat transfer plate. The method may comprise providing a low adhesion coating on the heat transfer plate sufficient to allow the heat transfer plate to be removed from the ice cubes while leaving the ice cubes in the mold cells. The method may comprise providing a low adhesion coating on at least a portion of the mold cells sufficient to allow the ice cubes to move at least partially away from the ice cube mold when the ice cube mold is rotated and the ice cube mold faces down. The method may comprise rotating the ice cube mold so that the ice cube mold faces down and the first set of channels is above the mold cells.
The method may comprise warming of an ice-mold interface between the ice cubes and the ice cube mold sufficient to allow ice cubes to drop from the ice cube mold when the ice cube mold is rotated so that the ice cube mold faces down. The warming may comprise sending a warming agent through the first set of channels. The warming may comprise heating of the ice cube mold with a thin film electric heater, the thin film electric heater positioned around at least a portion of each mold cell.
In an aspect, an apparatus is provided, the apparatus comprising an arm. The apparatus may comprise an ice cube mold comprising a plurality of ice cube mold cells, the ice cube mold configured to cool a liquid in the ice cube mold cells sufficient that an ice cube formed in each ice cube mold cell. The apparatus may comprise a water filling system. The water filling system may be configured to move along the arm. The water filling system may comprise water filling dispensers, each water filling dispenser configured to dispense a liquid to be frozen into a corresponding ice cube mold cell. Each water filling dispenser may be configured to move an ice cube formed in the corresponding ice cube mold cell away from the corresponding ice cube mold cell when the water filling system moves away from the ice cube mold. The apparatus may comprise an ice cube remover. The ice cube remover may be configured to push ice cubes off the water filling dispensers when the water filling system is moved along the arm toward the ice cube remover.
The water filling dispensers may comprise water filling needles and/or needles. The water filling system may comprise a cooled cover. The cooled cover may be configured to surround a portion of each water filling needle and/or nozzle. The cooled cover may be configured to cool water prior to being dispensed into the ice cube mold cells.
The arm may be configured to tilt from a horizontal position to a tilted position away from the ice cube mold.
As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the above described embodiments may be configured to be compatible with fountain system requirements, and can accommodate a wide variety of fountain offerings, including but not limited beverages known under any PepsiCo branded name, such as Pepsi-Cola®, and custom beverage offerings. The embodiments described herein offer speed of service at least and fast or faster than conventional systems. The embodiments described herein may be configured to be monitored, including monitored remotely, with respect to operation and supply levels. The embodiments described herein are economically viable and can be constructed with off-the-shelf components, which may be modified in accordance with the disclosures herein.
Those of skill in the art will recognize that in accordance with the disclosure any of the features and/or options in one embodiment or example can be combined with any of the features and/or options of another embodiment or example.
The disclosure herein has been described and illustrated with reference to the embodiments of the figures, but it should be understood that the features of the disclosure are susceptible to modification, alteration, changes or substitution without departing significantly from the spirit of the disclosure. For example, the dimensions, number, size and shape of the various components may be altered to fit specific applications. Accordingly, the specific embodiments illustrated and described herein are for illustrative purposes only and the disclosure is not limited except by the following claims and their equivalents.
This application is a non-provisional of and claims priority to pending provisional U.S. Application No. 61/588,954, filed Jan. 20, 2012, and entitled “Method and Apparatus for Ice Making,” the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61588954 | Jan 2012 | US |