Patent Grant
8868774
This application is the National Phase application of International Application No. PCT/KR2005/002727, filed Aug. 18, 2005, which designates the United States and was published in English. This application, in its entirety, is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a telecommunication system for a wireless internet service, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for integrating and managing information of mobile terminal which provide content in accordance with an efficiency of a mobile terminal.
Generally, a content provider provides a mobile terminal with content selected by a user regardless of an efficiency of a mobile terminal in the case that the user accesses a wireless internet system and then requests contents. Namely, the contents provider provided the mobile terminal with contents regardless of whether how many colors are supported by the mobile terminal, how many chords are supported by the mobile terminal and are the software and the hardware, which game contents requested by a user of a mobile terminal can be performed by, supported by the mobile terminal.
According as the development of contents corresponding to an efficiency of a revolutionary development of a mobile terminal is actively processing on, contents providers have presented the necessity of discriminating contents provision in accordance with an efficiency of a mobile terminal.
In order to solve the problem, a terminal vendor stores and manages the information of a mobile terminal, and contents providers, who need the information of a mobile terminal, have utilized the information of a mobile terminal. However, there have been a variety of problems that an update of the information of a mobile terminal cannot be verified.
And also the information of a mobile terminal is updated through an commercial agent in the case that new subscribing and appliance modification through the commercial agent is performed in order for an update of the information of a mobile terminal. However, because a predetermined time was elapsed in order that the information of a mobile terminal compiled from the commercial agent is collected and then stored in a database, the problem has been generated which a service is not performed in the case that the subscriber accesses a wireless internet system using the mobile terminal during the predetermined time.
Contents provider ask the information of a mobile terminal to a Portal Platform performing an integrated management of a wireless internet when contents providers wish to provide a mobile terminal with contents through a wireless internet. At this time, the contents providers have asked by using a mobile terminal ID such as a URI (Unique Resource Identify), User Agent, Phone Type, etc.
But contents provider can not provide contents based on the information of a mobile terminal because in the case that contents provider can't and doesn't know the mobile terminal ID. Furthermore, the need is looming large that contents provider can also provide a user's mobile terminal with contents in the case that a user, who uses a voice communication through a mobile terminal but doesn't join a wireless internet service, wishes to use the wireless internet service.
Accordingly, it is a first object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for integrating and managing information of mobile terminal enabling a wireless internet operator as well as a terminal vendor to register, modify and delete an information of a mobile terminal by managing the information of the mobile terminal for providing a user with a content in accordance with an efficiency of a mobile terminal, and moreover enabling the content provider to simply inquire an efficiency of the mobile terminal used by a service subscriber.
It is a first aspect of the present invention to provide a method for integrating and managing information of mobile terminals comprises the steps of: A) adjusting whether a mobile terminal supports a user agent profile and requesting an information of the mobile terminal; B) deciding an approval on the information of the mobile terminal after identifying a registration content of the information of the mobile terminal; C) extracting a subscriber information and a device ID from a log file generated in the case that the mobile terminal accesses a wireless internet network, comparing the same with pre-stored data and updating the subscriber information and the device ID in accordance with the result of the comparison; D) inquiring and requesting the information of the mobile terminal from a content providing unit based on the subscriber information in the case that the mobile terminal accesses the content providing unit through the wireless internet network; and (E) transmitting an inquiring result of the information of the mobile terminal to the content providing unit.
It is a second aspect of the present invention to provide a method for integrating and managing information of mobile terminals comprises the steps of: Ga) receiving a log file generated by accessing a wireless internet network by the mobile terminal; Na) extracting a subscriber information and a device ID from a log file; Da) discriminating whether the subscriber's information exists in a first database managing a subscriber joined a wireless internet service; Ra) storing the device ID to a second database by mapping the device ID with the subscriber's information in the case that the subscriber's information doesn't exist in a first database; Ma) inquiring the stored device ID corresponding to the subscriber's information in the second database managing the information of the mobile terminal in the case that the subscriber's information exists in a first database; and Ba) performing an update of the device ID in the case that the device ID stored the second database is not identical to the device ID extracted from the log file.
It is a third aspect of the present invention to provide a method for integrating and managing information of mobile terminals comprises the steps of: i) generating a terminal information inquiry request message of a mobile terminal receiving a content using a subscriber information obtained by accessing a WAP or a phone number of the subscriber's mobile terminal; ii) receiving the terminal information inquiry request message by a content provider access unit; iii) discriminating an availability of a data format included in the terminal information inquiry request message and an availability of the content provider's authority; iv) transmitting the terminal information inquiry request message to a terminal information management unit in case of being available in the discriminating result of the step (iii); iv) checking a phone number of the mobile terminal or a subscriber information corresponding to a client ID in the terminal information management unit, and in the case that the subscriber information exists, checking an information of the mobile terminal corresponding to the subscriber information; and (v) checking an information of the mobile terminal corresponding to the subscriber information and transmitting a response message changing into a predetermined format an information in accordance with the checking result to the content provider access unit.
It is a fourth aspect of the present invention to provide an apparatus for integrating and managing information of mobile terminals comprises: a subscriber information detection unit for obtaining a subscriber information of a mobile terminal receiving a content through a communication network; a content provider access unit for receiving a terminal information inquiry request message in order to inquire an information of the subscriber's terminal based on subscriber information and discriminating its availability, and transmitting the received information of the subscriber's terminal to a content providing unit; and a terminal information management unit for managing a terminal information corresponding to the subscriber information, reading the terminal information and then transmitting the same to the content provider access unit in the case that the terminal information inquiry request message is available.
As described above, the present invention performs a service smoothly in the case that a subscriber accesses a wireless internet system by a mobile terminal during a predetermined time elapsed in order that an operator stores an information of the mobile terminal of the subscriber joining the wireless internet system. namely, the present invention updates whether any subscriber uses any mobile terminal at a predetermined database, and thus can provide a user with a content in accordance with an efficiency of a mobile terminal in a wireless internet system.
Also, in accordance with the present invention, a client, who uses a mobile terminal but doesn't join a wireless internet system, presents or transmitting contents to the mobile terminal by accessing the wireless internet system through a wire communication.
An also, in accordance with the present invention, a handset ID such as a URI (Unique Resource Identify), a user agent and a type of a mobile terminal can be inquired and also an information of the mobile terminal can be inquired by using a phone number of a subscriber's terminal or a client ID adjusted by a subscription in case of inquiring the information of the mobile terminal.
Accordingly, the present invention can also provide contents based on an information of a mobile terminal at any time because an operator can inquire the information of the mobile terminal in the case that the operator doesn't and can't know the handset ID of the mobile terminal.
Moreover, in accordance with the present invention, an operator directly generates and manages an information of a mobile terminal, and even though a terminal vendor generates the information of the mobile terminal, more accurate and reliable database can be provided by performing an approval process on the generated information of the mobile terminal.
These and/or other aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
The following Examples are given for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention.
Hereinafter, preferable embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, when one element is connected to another element, one element may be not only directly connected to another element but also indirectly connected to another element via another element. Further, irrelative elements are omitted for clarity. Also, like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
Referring to
Referred to
The communication network 120 includes a wire network and a wireless network, and respectively connects the subscriber's terminal 100, the content providing unit 150 and the external server 170.
The subscriber's terminal 100 includes a cellular phone performing a wireless communication, a mobile communication terminal including a PDA and a computer performing a wire communication.
The subscriber's terminal 100 in accordance with an formation of a mobile terminal is a mobile terminal, the subscriber's terminal 100 will be explained by limiting to a mobile terminal for the convenience of a following explanation and reference numerals of mobile terminal is identically disclosed. However, the subscriber's terminal 100 is not limited to a mobile terminal.
Content providers in accordance with the present invention is an operator who wishes to provide the subscriber's terminal 100 with a service including an application program and contents composed of various data.
The integrating and managing apparatus 200 has an open framework including a content provider access unit, a central management unit, a transmission unit and an interface unit, and thus is a portal platform having adaptability and a modularity, which can be embodied together with another solution.
Also the integrating and managing apparatus 200 supports a worldwide standard related to a wireless business such as a WAP (Wireless Application Protocol).
And also the integrating and managing apparatus 200 enables the content provider to rapidly start a service by integrating and managing a data in accordance with the content provider, a service and contents of the content provider and a menu of the content provider. Moreover, the integrating and managing apparatus 200 provides an authority model based on a service based subscription and CP (Content Provider) policy.
The integrating and managing apparatus 200 provides a search engine for a mobile terminal and a web page so as to perform a search using a code and a search in accordance with a keyword by a subscriber's mobile terminal.
The content providing unit 150 is endowed with an account from the integrating and managing apparatus 200 through the communication network 120 and registers a service to be provided to the subscriber's terminal 100. At this time, the integrating and managing apparatus 200 enables the content providing unit 150 to provide the subscriber's terminal 100 with a service. Namely, the integrating and managing apparatus 200 performs a total management for providing contents.
The integrating and managing apparatus 200 is connected with the external server 170, and the external server 170 includes an accounting server and a subscriber management server, etc.
As depicted in
The subscriber information detection unit 330 detects subscriber information of the mobile terminal 100 accessing the integrating and managing apparatus 200 through a wireless network. Also the subscriber information detection unit 330 requests a subscriber information of another mobile terminal, namely a phone number to a user, receives the phone number inputted by the user and transmits the same to the content providing unit 150 in the case that a user, who accesses the integrating and managing apparatus 200 through a wire network, wishes to transmit a predetermined contents to another mobile terminal.
Because the phone number is necessary for providing a service by a content provider, the content providing unit 150 inquires to and accesses the content provider access unit 310 using the received phone number.
The content provider access unit 310 receives a terminal information inquiry request message from the content providing unit 150. The terminal information inquiry request message is a predetermined message for inquiring information of the mobile terminal 100 based on a subscriber information.
The content provider access unit 310 discriminates whether the terminal information inquiry request message is available and transmits the information of the mobile terminal 100 to the content providing unit 150.
Also the central management unit 300 comprises a service management unit 400, a subscriber management 500 and a terminal information management unit 600.
Herein, the service management unit 400 of the central management unit 300 manages authority information of a content provider. Additionally speaking, the service management unit 400 comprises CP (Content Provider) management database 402 for managing content providers and CP (Content Provider) authority database for managing the authority information of a content provider.
Accordingly, the service management unit 400 provides the content provider access unit 310 with an authority information of a content provider in order to discriminate whether the content provider has a due right in the case that the content providing unit 150 inquires an information of the mobile terminal 100.
The subscriber management 500 is connected with a provisioning system 171 through the interface unit 350. The provisioning system 171 stores a phone number MIN (Mobile Identification Number; referred to as “MIN” hereinafter) or MDN (Mobile Directory Number; referred to as “MDN” hereinafter) of a wireless communication network subscriber and/or a wireless internet subscriber, a client ID and a phone type of a subscriber to thereby periodically transmit the same to a first database 510 of the subscriber management 500 through the interface unit 350.
The subscriber management 500 endows a subscriber information composed of any one of a MIN, a MDN and a client ID with a service management code having one to one correspondence by interlocking with the provisioning system 171 and stores the same at predetermined database.
Accordingly, even though any one of the MIN, the MDN and the client ID is inputted, if a database stored at the subscriber management 500 is used, a conversion into a service management code corresponding to a subscriber information is possible.
Also the subscriber management 500 comprises a subscriber joining a wireless communication network, a first database for managing information of a subscriber joining a wireless internet service as well as a wireless communication network and a database (not shown) for managing an information of a subscriber joining a mobile telephone network.
Accordingly, terminal information management unit 600 interlocks with the subscriber management 500, maps with a terminal information in accordance with a subscriber and thus manages the same.
As depicted in
Herein, a service management code, a subscriber information corresponding to the service management code and terminal information corresponding the subscriber information is stored at the second database 610.
Desirably, the terminal information management unit 600 comprises a database (not shown) in which the subscriber information corresponding to the service management code is adjusted and a database (not shown) in which the terminal information corresponding the subscriber information is stored.
The subscriber information matches a predetermined code with a URI (User Resource Identify; referred to as “URI” hereinafter), a user agent and a phone type, and a URI, a user agent and a phone type corresponding to an identical subscriber is matched with one code.
Referred to
Accordingly, the terminal information management unit 600 comprises a operator grade management unit 601 for managing a grade of an operator and a terminal vendor management 603 for managing an information of a terminal vendor having an endowed account.
The terminal information approval unit 605, an operator having an authority warranted in accordance with a predetermined regulation decides whether the information of a mobile terminal is available concerning a registration request of terminal information according to an operator or a terminal vendor. The approved the information of a mobile terminal is stored at a second database 610.
A registration request of the mobile terminal is performed by receiving an information concerning whether the mobile terminal supports a UA profile by an operator and requesting a registration of the generated RDF (Resource Description Framework) file.
The RDF file is formed as a structure such as a component and an attribute or as a structure such as a component, a sub-component and an attribute. Also the content of the information of a mobile terminal follows a form defined at a schema of the RDF file.
The automatic update management unit 607 extracts a subscriber information and a device ID using a log file, compares the same with a pre-stored data and then updates the subscriber information and the device ID in accordance with the comparison result. Herein, the log file is generated at a web gateway 130 and is periodically transmitted to the terminal information management unit 600 in the case that the mobile terminal 100 accesses a wireless internet network.
The subscriber information-device ID management unit 609 manages the subscriber information and the device ID updated from the automatic update management unit 607. Also the subscriber information-device ID management unit 60 searches an information of the mobile terminal 100, reads a device ID corresponding to the subscriber information and transmits the same to the content providing unit 150 in the case that an information of the mobile terminal 100 is requested based on the subscriber information from the content providing unit 150.
The information of the mobile terminal 100 comprises any one of the hardware of a mobile terminal inputted by a terminal vendor, the software related information stored at an inside of the mobile terminal and a handset platform.
An operation of the present invention composed as mentioned above will be explained.
Referred to
If a request message corresponding to the information registration of the mobile terminal 100 requested by the operator or the terminal vendor or an update of the terminal information is received, an operator having an endowed authority in accordance with a predetermined regulation identifies a content of the terminal information and then decides whether the operator approves the terminal information (S200).
If an approval on the terminal information is completed, a URI corresponding to the terminal information is automatically generated.
Also the terminal information management unit 600 receives a log file generated from a web gateway and transmitted periodically, desirably at a real time in the case that the mobile terminal accesses a wireless internet network (S300).
A subscriber information and a device ID are extracted from the log file, are compared with a pre-stored data and updates a unidentified data, namely a subscriber information and/or a device ID in accordance with the comparison result (S400, S500).
The content providing unit 150 requests an inquiry about the information of the mobile terminal 100 based on the subscriber information to the integrating and managing apparatus 200 in the case that the mobile terminal 100 accesses the content providing unit 150 through the web gateway 130 so as to download contents (S600, S700).
The terminal information management unit 600 of the integrating and managing apparatus 200 stores a subscriber information and a device ID corresponding to the subscriber information. Accordingly, the terminal information management unit 600 inquires a terminal information based on the subscriber information in response with a terminal information inquiry requested from the content providing unit 150, and then transmits the inquiring result to the content providing unit 150 (S800).
In accordance with a subject registering the terminal information, a first applied example that an operator registers the terminal information and a second applied example that a terminal vendor registers the terminal information.
In accordance with the first applied example, the terminal information management unit 600 transmits a web page for registering terminal information to the operator's terminal in the case that an operator wishes to register terminal information using his/her terminal (S110).
A mobile terminal, which an operator wishes to register terminal information through the web page, registers whether the mobile terminal supports a user agent profile and requests a registration of pre-generated RDF file to the terminal information management unit 600 (S120, S130).
The user agent profile, the RDF file and a schema of the RDF file follow a standard defined in a OMA.
Terminal information pre-generated by the operator is generated as the RDF file.
The RDF file is embodied as a component and an attribute, which is a high layer of the component. In another applied example, the RDF file is embodied as a component, a sub-component and an attribute, which is a high layer of the sub-component. Besides, another element, which is able to define a schema of the RDF file, includes a data type and a name space defined by a User Profile Standard. Respective elements of the RDF file are analyzed and are respectively stored at a database.
In accordance with a second applied example, a method, which a terminal vendor registers a terminal information to the terminal information management unit 600, will be explained hereinafter.
The terminal vendor requests a terminal information management unit 600 to generate an account for registering information of the mobile terminal.
Only terminal vendor having the generated account can update terminal information by accessing the terminal information management unit 600 through a communication network. Accordingly, the terminal information management unit 600 transmits the web page to a terminal of the terminal vendor in the case that the terminal vendor transmits a request message that the terminal vendor wishes to register a terminal information to the terminal information management unit 600.
Herein, the terminal vendor has to be in LOG ON state on its account.
Terminal information is uploaded through the web page for the terminal vendor and a registration request message of the terminal information is received to the terminal information management unit 600 (See a web page in
Following process is identical to the steps of S120 and S130.
Additionally speaking, the terminal vendor inquires information of a terminal, which the terminal vendor itself registers through a web page as depicted in
Modification content is reflected after an approval of an operator having the authority is completed in the case that the terminal vendor modifies its account.
A registration and an upgrade of terminal information by the operator or the terminal vendor is performed by following an approval process on the terminal information in accordance with a predetermined regulation.
At first, the operator identifies a content of the terminal information for an approval on the terminal information and discriminates whether the mobile terminal supports a user agent provided in an OMA (S210, S220). Herein, a content of the terminal information, as an external structure of the RDF file, refers to a component, a sub-component and an attribute.
As the discriminating result of the step of S220, in the case that the mobile terminal 100 doesn't support a user agent profile, a phone type, which is one example of a terminal identifier defined by a wireless internet operator or a wire service, is inputted and in the case that the mobile terminal 100 supports a user agent profile, the phone type is selectively inputted (S230, S240).
Registration information inputted to the web page is on [approval standby (Writing)] state in case of being approved by an operator having the authority after an [upload (970)] icon of a web page depicted in
In addition, a modification request and a delete request of information of a mobile terminal as well as an approval on the information of the mobile terminal registered newly through a web page 1000 depicted in
An operator searches information of a terminal that is in the process of waiting or is approved through a web page depicted in
The terminal information management unit 600 reads a format of a terminal information field included in the log file and discriminates whether the terminal information field is a standard format (S410, S420).
The terminal information field is information of a terminal itself that is built-in the mobile terminal 100. Additionally speaking, a user agent profile that is specified in an OMA and a user agent, which respective wire services specify with itself before the OMA, specifies a standard exists in the terminal information field. A phone type is one example of a terminal identifier defined by the wire service or an operator of a wireless internet.
Accordingly, a user agent or a phone type is extracted from the terminal information field in the case that the terminal information field is not a standard (S430).
But a URI, which is one of a device ID, is extracted from the terminal information field in the case that a format of the terminal information field is a standard adjusted in an OMA. The device ID is information of a mobile terminal including a URI, a user agent and a phone type.
Also the terminal information management unit 600 reads a format of subscriber information including the log file (S450).
Namely, the terminal information management unit 600 discriminates whether a subscriber information and a device ID extracted from the log file are available (S510).
An automatic updating of the present invention is not performed in the case that a subscriber information and a device ID extracted from the log file are not available. However, the terminal information management unit 600 extracts subscriber information from the log file in the case that a format of the subscriber information is available (S520).
The terminal information management unit 600 discriminates whether the subscriber information exists at a first database 510 interlocking with the subscriber management unit 500 (S530).
In another applied example, the terminal information management unit 600 filters an information which is necessary in the terminal information management unit 600 of information of a subscriber joining a wireless network, stores the filtered information to a predetermined database and then manages the same.
The terminal information management unit 600 maps the subscriber information with the device ID extracted from the log file and then stores the same to a second database 610 of the terminal information management unit 600 in the case that a subscriber's phone number doesn't exists at the first database 510 in the discriminating result of the step of S530 (S550).
But the terminal information management unit 600 inquires whether an information identical to a URI or a phone type of a mobile terminal extracted from the log file exists at the second database 610 in the case that a subscriber's phone number exists at the first database 510 in the discriminating result of the step of S530 (S540).
An update is not necessary in the case that an identical information exists at the first database 510 in the inquiring result of the step of S540, but the terminal information management unit 600 maps the subscriber information with a terminal information and stores the same to a second database 610 of the terminal information management unit 600 in the case that an identical information, namely a URI and a phone type of a mobile terminal don't exist at the first database 510 (S560, S570, S580).
Namely, the content providing unit 150 can identify a subscriber information or a device ID through a message transmitted in case of a user's access in the case that that the mobile terminal 100 requests contents to the content providing unit 150. The content providing unit 150 transmits a terminal information inquiry request message to the integrating and managing apparatus 200 using the subscriber information or the device ID (S710).
The subscriber information is an identifier for uniquely identifying a wireless internet subscriber, and includes an MIN and an MDN of a subscriber's terminal and a client ID (defined in a OMA).
In one applied example, a user selects a content of a bell sound to be transmitted and inputs a phone number of friend's terminal to a web page in the case that a subscriber accessing the integrating and managing apparatus 200 by a wire presents his/her friend having a mobile terminal with a bell sound. Herein, the content providing unit 150 transmits a terminal information inquiry request message to the integrating and managing apparatus 200 using the phone number of friend's terminal.
The generated terminal information inquiry request message is inputted to the content provider access unit 310 (S730).
The content provider access unit 310 discriminates whether a data format included in the terminal information inquiry request message is available (S340). Also the content provider access unit 310 discriminates whether the content providing unit 150, which transmits the terminal information inquiry request message, has a due right and inquires (S750).
In the case that a data format or an authority of a content provider included in the terminal information inquiry request message are not available in the step of S740 and S750, the content provider access unit 310 transmits a message thereof to the content providing unit 150 (S760).
In the case that a data format or an authority of a content provider included in the terminal information inquiry request message are available in the step of S740 and S750, the content provider access unit 310 transmits the terminal information inquiry request message to the terminal information management unit 600 (S770).
The terminal information management unit 600 searches information of a mobile terminal corresponding to the subscriber information (S780).
Herein, the terminal information management unit 600 searches using a service management code corresponding to subscriber information composed of any one of an MIN, an MDN and a client ID. And then the terminal information management unit 600 searches a subscriber information corresponding to the service management code and searches information of a mobile terminal corresponding to the subscriber information at a predetermined database.
In an applied example, an information of a mobile terminal matched with a URI, a user agent and a phone type is stored, and thus the terminal information management unit 600 can search an information of the mobile terminal through the URI, the user agent and the phone type.
If the search is completed, the terminal information management unit 600 transmits the searching result to the content provider access unit 310, generates a respond message corresponding to the terminal information inquiry request message as a predetermined format and then transmits the same to the content providing unit 150 (S790).
Accordingly, a predetermined error message is transmitted to the content providing unit 150 in the case that a subscriber information or information of the mobile terminal don't exist in the searching result.
Information of the mobile terminal includes any one of the hardware of a mobile terminal inputted by a terminal vendor, the software related information stored at an inside of the mobile terminal and a handset platform.
While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein description in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the invention is to include all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
The present invention provides a user with a content in accordance with an efficiency of a mobile terminal in a mobile communication providing a wireless internet service.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2004-0065459 | Aug 2004 | KR | national |
| 10-2004-0066907 | Aug 2004 | KR | national |
| 10-2004-0066908 | Aug 2004 | KR | national |
| 10-2004-0070344 | Sep 2004 | KR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2005/002727 | 8/18/2005 | WO | 00 | 1/4/2008 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006/019276 | 2/23/2006 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6076109 | Kikinis | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6199099 | Gershman et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
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| 1516031 | Jul 2004 | CN |
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| 1020000020433 | Apr 2000 | KR |
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| International Search Report for PCT application PCT/KR2005/002727, submitted May 3, 2010. |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20080208950 A1 | Aug 2008 | US |
