Patent Application
20080140727
1. Field of Invention
The present invention relates generally to an improved data processing system, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for processing data. Still more particularly, the present invention relates to a computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer usable program code updating geographic information system data.
2. Background Description
Geographic information system data represents real world objects, such as, roads, land use, and elevation, using digital data. This data may relate information about a real world object to a digital representation of the real world object. For example, a digital image of a runway at an airport may be used to generate a map of the runway. The map may be generated through other input, such as from measurements of the runway. Additionally, a dataset consisting of a geometry, such as a runway polygon, may be associated with information, such as elevation, surface material or pavement strength. This information is also referred to as “attributes”, which may be stored in a database that may be queried as well as analyzed.
Database systems have been developed using these models. The databases are often referred to as airport mapping databases (AMDBs). Airlines, traffic controllers, pilots, and other entities use the information from these databases in moving map displays or for identifying certain properties of different aeronautical elements, such as open/closed attribute value or a maximum wingspan for an aircraft on runways and taxiways.
One implementation of a geographic information system for aeronautical use is the aeronautical information conceptual model (AICM) and the aeronautical information exchange model (AIXM). The aeronautical information conceptual module is a conceptual/logical model that uses entities, attributes, and relationships to describe aeronautical features, such as runways, airports, navaids, obstacles, routes, terminal procedures, air space structures, services, and related aeronautical data. The aeronautical information exchange model is a data exchange specification. This specification uses extensible markup language technology to define features and messages used to exchange information about the aeronautical data contained in the aeronautical information conceptual model. These models were originally developed by Eurocontrol, which is the European organization for the safety of air navigation. This organization is a civil and military organization that contains thirty-seven number states with an objective of developing a seamless air traffic management system.
NOTAM is the quasi-acronym for a “Notice To Airmen”. NOTAMs are created and transmitted by government agencies under guidelines specified by Annex 15: Aeronautical Information Services of the International Convention on Civil Aviation. A NOTAM is filed with an aviation authority to alert aircraft pilots of any hazards en route or at a specific location. The authority in turn provides means of disseminating relevant NOTAMs to pilots. NOTAMs are issued and reported for a number of reasons, such as closed runways or temporary erection of obstacles, such as a crane, near an airfield. AICM/AIXM includes an electronically coded NOTAM in an extensible markup language format. This type of message is referred to as an xNOTAM and is regarded as a delta or incremental updated data for the database. As for all incremental updates, a unique key is used to identify the affected information in the database.
The keys for identifying elements of AMDBs are derived from attributes from elements in an airport mapping database. These keys are not always unique. As a result, if an update is provided from a source other than the database originator, the update may refer to more than one element or an entirely different element in the database if the keys are not unique. One mechanism currently used is to add a unique numerical attribute to each element for use in generating unique keys. This type of solution is usable only if the updates are received from the same provider of the original data sets or if the unique elements have been shared by different providers. Otherwise, the unique key is useless, and the same problem with referencing more than one element or a different element in the airport mapping database may occur.
Therefore, it would be advantageous to have an improved computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer usable program code for identifying elements in an airport mapping database.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer usable program code for managing data in an airport mapping database. A notice of an update is received to data relating to a set of elements at an airport, wherein the notice includes an attribute value change for the set of elements, an effective period of time for the attribute change, and a geometric feature associated with the set of elements in the airport mapping database that is to be updated. The set of elements is located in the airport mapping database using the geometric feature. The set of elements is updated using the changed attribute, wherein the changed attribute is reflected in results returned in response to queries made during the effective period of time.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer usable program code for managing updates to a geographic information system database. A notice of an update to data in the geographic information system database is received. An element in the geographic information system database is located using the geometric feature received in the notice. The set of elements is updated using update data.
The features, functions, and advantages can be achieved independently in various embodiments of the present invention or may be combined in yet other embodiments.
The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an advantageous embodiment of the present invention when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
With reference now to the figures and in particular with reference to
With reference now to the figures,
Additionally, aircraft 116 also may receive information from server 104 or 106 through a wireless communications link (in-flight) or any other data link on the ground. Alternatively, aircraft 116 may include an airport mapping database and receive updates from servers 104 and 106 for guarding changes in conditions of different aeronautical elements.
In the depicted example, network data processing system 100 is the Internet with network 102 representing a worldwide collection of networks and gateways that use the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite of protocols to communicate with one another. Of course, network data processing system 100 also may be implemented as a number of different types of networks, such as for example, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network (WAN).
With reference now to
In the depicted example, data processing system 200 employs a hub architecture including a north bridge and memory controller hub (MCH) 202 and a south bridge and input/output (I/O) controller hub (ICH) 204. Processing unit 206, main memory 208, and graphics processor 210 are coupled to north bridge and memory controller hub 202. Processing unit 206 may contain one or more processors and even may be implemented using one or more heterogeneous processor systems. Graphics processor 210 may be coupled to the MCH through an accelerated graphics port (AGP), for example.
In the depicted example, local area network (LAN) adapter 212 is coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub 204 and audio adapter 216, keyboard and mouse adapter 220, modem 222, read only memory (ROM) 224, universal serial bus (USB) ports and other communications ports 232, and PCI/PCIe devices 234 are coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub 204 through bus 238, and hard disk drive (HDD) 226 and CD-ROM drive 230 are coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub 204 through bus 240. PCI/PCIe devices may include, for example, Ethernet adapters, add-in cards, and PC cards for notebook computers. PCI uses a card bus controller, while PCIe does not. ROM 224 may be, for example, a flash binary input/output system (BIOS). Hard disk drive 226 and CD-ROM drive 230 may use, for example, an integrated drive electronics (IDE) or serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) interface. A super I/O (SIO) device 236 may be coupled to south bridge and I/O controller hub 204.
An operating system runs on processing unit 206 and coordinates and provides control of various components within data processing system 200 in
Instructions for the operating system, the object-oriented programming system, and applications or programs are located on storage devices, such as hard disk drive 226, and may be loaded into main memory 208 for execution by processing unit 206. The processes of the illustrative embodiments may be performed by processing unit 206 using computer implemented instructions, which may be located in a memory such as, for example, main memory 208, read only memory 224, or in one or more peripheral devices.
The hardware in
A bus system may be comprised of one or more buses, such as a system bus, an I/O bus and a PCI bus. Of course the bus system may be implemented using any type of communications fabric or architecture that provides for a transfer of data between different components or devices attached to the fabric or architecture. A communications unit may include one or more devices used to transmit and receive data, such as a modem or a network adapter. A memory may be, for example, main memory 208 or a cache such as found in north bridge and memory controller hub 202. A processing unit may include one or more processors or CPUs. The depicted examples in
The different advantageous embodiments recognize that current systems for updating data in a geographic information system database, such as an airport mapping database, is difficult without unique keys. Thus, the different advantageous embodiments provide a computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer usable program code for managing data in a geometric information system database. A notice used to update data in a database, such as an airport mapping database, includes update data containing a geometric feature associated with an element in an airport mapping database that is to be updated using the update data. The element, in these examples, is located in the airport mapping database using this geometric feature as a unique key. The element is then updated using the update data.
In these depicted examples, the updates take the form of a notice to airmen (NOTAM). In particular, this notice is electronically coded in an extensible markup language format in these depicted examples. This type of message is referred to as an xNOTAM and is regarded as a delta or incremental updated data for the database in the illustrative examples. As for all incremental updates, the unique key is used to identify the affected information in the database. In these examples, the unique key involves the use of geo-spatial key. This key includes a geometric feature that is used to uniquely identify an aeronautical element in these examples. The aeronautical element may be, for example, a runway, a taxiway, or a parking stand.
Turning now to
In these examples, database management system 302 receives xNOTAM 306, which is an update to a set of elements stored in records within database 304. This set of elements is one or more elements. In these particular examples, xNOTAM 306 contains geo-spatial key 308, which is used to uniquely identify an element in a record stored in database 304. Geo-spatial key 308 uses a geometric feature to identify an element. This geometric feature may be, for example, a point, a line, or a polygon. In these examples, the point, the line, or the polygon is defined using coordinates, such as, longitude and latitude.
Database management system 302 takes geo-spatial key 308 along with other attributes in xNOTAM 306 to identify one or more of records 310 in database 304 to update. In this manner, geo-spatial key 308 provides a unique way to identify each element within records 310 in database 304. As a result, requester 312 may send query 314 to database management system 302 to obtain information from database 304. One or more records, such as records 310 are retrieved and returned in request 316 by database management system 302 to requester 312. In these examples, requester 312 may be a software program or component located at an airline, air traffic control tower, or aircraft.
The result of a request may be displayed in a map or other graphical display. Alternatively, this information may be used to modify processes, such as routing systems in an aircraft.
Turning now to
Additionally, depending on the particular implementation, record 400 also may include a beginning and ending time for the complete record or for one or more particular attributes if those elements are temporary ones. In some cases the period of time may be permanent one in which a beginning time is present, but no ending time is set.
The geo-spatial key received in xNOTAM, such as xNOTAM 306 in
Turning now to
In this example, display 500 is an airport mapping database display in an airport moving map. In this example, the position of an aircraft is shown using aircraft icon 502, which moves with respect to map 504 as the aircraft moves. In this particular example, a notice to airmen is presented in which information indicates that runway 506 is closed.
Turning now to
These portions are identified using a geo-spatial key. This geo-spatial key takes the form of line 658. Each element in taxiway 606 intersecting line 658 is closed based on the xNOTAM that has been received. The identification of these elements is made by determining which elements within the database intersect line 658. Line 658, in these examples, is defined using a set of coordinates. The geographic coordinates defining the different elements in the database are compared to this line to determine whether intersections between line 658 and the different elements occur.
Turning now to
Line 710 in section 705 includes a geo-spatial key. In this example, the geo-spatial key takes the form of a line with two sets of coordinates defining the end points of the line. Line 712 indicates that any element in the taxiway intersecting this line is affected by the update. Line 714 in data structure 700 indicates that the update is to set the status attribute of the taxiway to “closed”. This closure is valid between the times specified in lines 716 and 718.
Turning now to
Turning now to
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Turning now to
In these examples, the type of key is identified in line 1106 as being a polygon. The coordinates for this polygon are found in 1108. Line 1110 indicates that only elements that are within the polygon are affected by this update. Additionally, data structure 1100 in this example indicates that only taxiway elements are affected by this update. Thus, if runway elements were encompassed by the polygon, these elements would not be affected in these particular examples.
Of course, depending on the particular implementation, if runway elements also are to be closed, a separate data structure identifying runway elements to be closed may be used containing the same polygon coordinates. In another alternative embodiment, the identification could be global to apply to any airport element encompassed by the polygon in these examples.
Turning now to
The process begins by receiving an xNOTAM (operation 1200). The process then identifies the location (operation 1202). In these examples, the location is an identification of a particular airport. Thereafter, the process locates the geo-spatial key and the type of element affected by the update in the xNOTAM (operation 1204). The process then searches for a record containing an element corresponding to the geo-spatial key and the type of element at the identified location (operation 1206).
A determination is made as to whether a record for the element corresponding to the geo-spatial key and the type of element at the location has been found that has not previously been identified (operation 1208). If such a record is found, the record is added to a list (operation 1210) with the process then turning to operation 1206 as described above.
When no more new records are found in operation 1208, the process then identifies an attribute value change for these elements (operation 1212). The geocoding of the element may also be considered as a value which may be changed. Additionally, a beginning and ending time for the attribute value change also is identified (operation 1214). Thereafter, the records in the list are updated with the attribute value change and the beginning and ending time for the attribute value change (operation 1216) with the process terminating thereafter.
The beginning and ending times for the attribute value change identified in operation 1214 may be used to determine when these changes are applied to the identified elements in the records when queries are made. The application of the changes may be implemented using a number of different mechanisms. For example, the changes may be made directly to the records in the database with the beginning and ending times used to determine when these changes are to be returned with queries and when to remove the changes.
Alternatively, the updates may be stored in a separate set of tables. With this type of implementation, when a query is made, the records for the elements corresponding to the query are identified in the database. Those records are compared to the ones in the temporary tables to determine whether changes should be applied to the response that is to be returned to the requester.
Turning now to
The process begins by displaying a map (operation 1300). In these examples, the map is a map of all or portions of an airport. This map may include, for example, runways, taxiways, and parking stands. Thereafter, the process waits for user input defining a geometric feature (operation 1302). When this input is received, the type of element associated with the geometric features is identified (operation 1304).
Next, a determination is made as to whether the user has finished defining geometric features (operation 1306). If the user has not concluded defining geometric features, the process returns to operation 1302. Otherwise, the user has to define which attributes of the defined elements have to be modified. After that, the notice is created (operation 1308). In these examples, the notice is an xNOTAM using extensible markup language. This notice may take the form of data structures, such as those illustrated in
Although these operations in these examples receive user input to define geometric features, these geometric features may be created by computer implemented processes based on data received indicating what elements are affected.
The flowcharts and block diagrams in the different depicted embodiments illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of some possible implementations of apparatus, methods, and computer program products. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified function or functions. In some alternative implementations, the function or functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, in some cases, two blocks shown in succession may be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
Therefore, the different advantageous embodiments of the present invention provide a computer implemented method, apparatus, and computer usable program code for managing data in a geographic information system database, such as an airport mapping database. When a notice of an update to data is received, an element is located using the notice. This notice includes an update to the data as well as a geometric feature associated with an element in the airport mapping database that is to be updated. When this element is located, the element is updated using the updated data. This geometric feature may be, for example, a line or a polygon. Further, depending on the particular implementation, multiple lines or polygons or a combination of lines and polygons may be used to identify the elements that are to be updated. In this manner, each element in an airport mapping database may be uniquely identified.
Further, although the depicted embodiments are implemented in an airport mapping database, these different features may be implemented for other types of geographic information system databases, such as navigation, obstacle databases or any other aeronautical database with geographic context. For example, these features may be applied to a database that provides for mapping of roadways in a city or state. These features also may be applied to mapping of waterways. The geo-spatial keys may use any sort of geometric feature or combination of geometric features depending on the particular implementation. Additionally, tolerances may be used for features that are not entirely encompassed or exactly intersect a particular element.
The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, different advantageous embodiments may provide different advantages as compared to other advantageous embodiments. The embodiment or embodiments selected are chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
