The present invention relates to the measurement of electrical parameters of a vehicle electrical system. More specifically, the present invention relates to measuring an electrical parameter of an electrical system of a vehicle through the use of multiple measurements.
Electrical systems, such as those which are used in automotive vehicles, consist of a number of discreet components or systems which are interconnected. Techniques for measuring and utilizing parameters, such as dynamic parameters, of electrical systems are shown and disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,873,911, issued Mar. 25, 1975, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 3,909,708, issued Sep. 30, 1975, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,768, issued Mar. 28, 1989, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 4,825,170, issued Apr. 25, 1989, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 4,881,038, issued Nov. 14, 1989, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 4,912,416, issued Mar. 27, 1990, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 5,140,269, issued Aug. 18, 1992, to Champlin; U.S. Pat. No. 5,343,380, issued Aug. 30, 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 5,572,136, issued Nov. 5, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,574,355, issued Nov. 12, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,583,416, issued Dec. 10, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,728, issued Dec. 17, 1996; U.S. Pat. No. 5,589,757, issued Dec. 31, 1996; U.S. Pat. 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No. 60/705,389, filed Aug. 4, 2005, entitled PORTABLE TOOL THEFT PREVENTION SYSTEM, U.S. Ser. No. 11/207,419, filed Aug. 19, 2005, entitled SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATICALLY GATHERING BATTERY INFORMATION FOR USE DURING BATTERY TESTER/CHARGING, U.S. Ser. No. 60/712,322, filed Aug. 29, 2005, entitled AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE, U.S. Ser. No. 60/713,168, filed Aug. 31, 2005, entitled LOAD TESTER SIMULATION WITH DISCHARGE COMPENSATION, U.S. Ser. No. 60/731,881, filed Oct. 31, 2005, entitled PLUG-IN FEATURES FOR BATTERY TESTERS; U.S. Ser. No. 60/731,887, filed Oct. 31, 2005, entitled AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE; U.S. Ser. No. 11/304,004, filed Dec. 14, 2005, entitled BATTERY TESTER THAT CALCULATES ITS OWN REFERENCE VALUES; U.S. Ser. No. 60/751,853, filed Dec. 20, 2005, entitled BATTERY MONITORING SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 11/304,004, filed Dec. 14, 2005, entitled BATTERY TESTER WITH CALCULATES ITS OWN REFERENCE VALUES; U.S. Ser. No. 60/751,853, filed Dec. 20, 2005, entitled BATTERY MONITORING SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 11/356,443, filed Feb. 16, 2006, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH NETWORK COMMUNICATION; U.S. Ser. No. 11/519,481, filed Sep. 12, 2006, entitled BROAD-BAND LOW-CONDUCTANCE CABLES FOR MAKING KELVIN CONNECTIONS TO ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS AND BATTERIES; U.S. Ser. No. 60/847,064, filed Sep. 25, 2006, entitled STATIONARY BATTERY MONITORING ALGORITHMS; U.S. Ser. No. 11/641,594, filed Dec. 19, 2006, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING A PARAMETER OF A VEHICLE ELECTRONIC SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 60/950,182, filed Jul. 17, 2007, entitled BATTERY TESTER FOR HYBRID VEHICLE; U.S. Ser. No. 60/973,879, filed Sep. 20, 2007, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER FOR TESTING STATIONARY BATTERIES; U.S. Ser. No. 60/992,798, filed Dec. 6, 2007, entitled STORAGE BATTERY AND BATTERY TESTER; U.S. Ser. 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No. 12/712,456, filed Feb. 25, 2010, entitled METHOD AND APPARATU FOR DETECTING CELL DETERIORATION IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL OR BATTERY; U.S. Ser. No. 61/311,485, filed Mar. 8, 2010, entitled BATTERY TESTER WITH DATABUS FOR COMMUNICATING WITH VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 61/313,893, filed Mar. 15, 2010, entitled USE OF BATTERY MANUFACTURE/SELL DATE IN DIAGNOSIS AND RECOVERY OF DISCHARGED BATTERIES; U.S. Ser. No. 12/758,407, filed Apr. 12, 2010, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH NETWORK COMMUNICATION; U.S. Ser. No. 12/765,323, filed Apr. 22, 2010, entitled AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE; U.S. Ser. No. 12/769,911, filed Apr. 29, 2010, entitled STATIONARY BATTERY TESTER; U.S. Ser. No. 61/330,497, filed May 3, 2010, entitled MAGIC WAND WITH ADVANCED HARNESS DETECTION; U.S. Ser. No. 61/348,901, filed May 27, 2010, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER; U.S. Ser. No. 61/351,017, filed Jun. 3, 2010, entitled IMPROVED ELECTRIC VEHICLE AND HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY MODULE BALANCER; U.S. Ser. No. 12/818,290, filed Jun. 18, 2010, entitled BATTERY MAINTENANCE DEVICE WITH THERMAL BUFFER; U.S. Ser. No. 61/373,045, filed Aug. 12, 2010, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER FOR TESTING STATIONERY STORAGE BATTERY; U.S. Ser. No. 12/888,689, filed Sep. 23, 2010, entitled BATTERY TESTER FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE; U.S. Ser. No. 12/894,951, filed Sep. 30, 2010, entitled BATTERY PACK MAINTENANCE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES; U.S. Ser. No. 61/411,162, filed Nov. 8, 2010, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER; U.S. Ser. No. 13/037,641, filed Mar. 1, 2011, entitled MONITOR FOR FRONT TERMINAL BATTERIES; U.S. Ser. No. 13/037,641, filed Mar. 1, 2011, entitled: MONITOR FOR FRONT TERMINAL BATTERIES; U.S. Ser. No. 13/048,365, filed Mar. 15, 2011, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER WITH BATTERY AGE UNIT; U.S. Ser. No. 13/098,661, filed May 2, 2011, entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING A PARAMETER OF A VEHICLE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 13/113,272, filed May 23, 2011, entitled ELECTRONIC STORAGE BATTERY DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM; U.S. Ser. No. 13/152,711, filed Jun. 3, 2011, entitled BATTERY PACK MAINTENANCE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE; U.S. Ser. No. 13/205,949, filed Aug. 9, 2011, entitled ELECTRONIC BATTERY TESTER FOR TESTING STORAGE BATTERY; U.S. Ser. No. 13/205,904, filed Aug. 9, 2011, entitled IN-VEHICLE BATTERY MONITOR; which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
There is an ongoing need to measure parameters of electrical systems of vehicles and heavy equipment. Such measurements can be used to diagnose operation, failure or impending failure of components or subsystems of electrical systems. For example, in electrical systems used in vehicles, measurement of electrical parameters of such systems can be used to diagnose operation of system or indicate that maintenance is required before ultimate failure.
One particular measurement is the resistance of cabling used in large equipment such as heavy trucks. For example, one such cable or set of cables connects the battery of vehicle to the starter motor. The starter motor has a relatively large current draw and even a relatively small cable resistance can have a significant impact on operation of the starter motor.
Because the cable resistance is relatively small it typically cannot be measured using a standard ohm meter or other techniques which are normally used to measure resistance. One technique which has been used to measure the cable resistance is to run a very large current through the cable and measure the voltage drop. However, this is cumbersome and requires components capable of handling the large current.
An apparatus for measuring electrical parameters for an electrical system includes measurement circuitry which is configured to measure a first parameter of the electrical system between a first connection to the electrical system and a second connection to the electrical system. The measurement circuitry is further configured to measure a second parameter of the electrical system between a third connection to the electrical system and the second connection to the electrical system. A processor determines a third electrical parameter of the electrical system as a function of the first parameter and the second parameter. Wireless communication is provided between components of the apparatus. A method can also be employed.
As discussed in the Background section, the resistances R1 and R2 of cables 24 and 26 can have a significant impact on the amount of power which can be delivered to load 22. Even if the resistance values are relatively small, because a relatively large current passes through cables 24 and 26, the resultant voltage drop can significantly reduce the voltage at points C and D and therefore the amount of power (or voltage) which can be delivered to load 22. In industrial equipment, it is often desirable to measure the resistance R1 and R2 of cables 24 and 26, respectively, in order to identify a cable with a resistance which is too high. One technique which has been used to measure the resistance of the cables is to pass a large current through the cable and measure the resulting voltage drop across the cable. However, this is a cumbersome test and requires electrical test equipment which is capable of handling the large current draw. The present invention provides an apparatus and technique for measuring the resistance of a cable in a configuration similar to that shown in
In one aspect of the present invention, test equipment 50 measures a parameter P(C, D′) between points C and D′ and a parameter P(C′, D′) between points C′ and D′. These measurements are used to determine the resistance of R1 in accordance with the formula:
R1=F[P(C, D′), P(C′, D′)] EQ. 1
Further, a third measurement can be taken to obtain a parameter P(C′,D) between points C′ and D in
R2=F[P(C′, D),P(C′, D′)] EQ. 2
Microprocessor 54 can determine the actual values of R1 and R2, or can make some other determination related to R1 and R2, for example a pass/fail determination, a relative determination, a gradient based determination, etc. Microprocessor 54 provides an output through output 58 based upon the determination related to R1 and R2. The output can be a visual output, audible output, or the like, to an operator. In another example, the output is suitable for receipt by other circuitry.
An amplifier 122 couples to connections 104A and 106B (C and D) and provides an output to an analog to digital converter 124. Connections 108 and 110 (C′ and D′) couple to an amplifier 126 which provides an output to analog to digital converter 124. Note that this configuration is for explanation only and other configurations can be implemented in accordance with the present invention including different amplifier configurations, different analog to digital converter configurations, etc. Further, the forcing function 120 can be an active forcing function in which a signal is actively applied or can be a passive forcing function in which a signal is applied passively through a resistance or the like which is selectively applied to draw current from battery 20 shown in
Using the configuration set forth in
Using the circuitry set forth in
R1=(K1/GCD′)−(K2/GC′D′) EQ. 3
R2=(K3/GC′D)−(K4/GC′D′) EQ. 4
Where GCD′ is the conductance measured between points C and D′, GC′D′ is the conductance measured between points C′ and D′ and GC′D is the conductance measured between points C′ and D. The values K1, K2, K3 and K4 are constants and can be, in some examples, the same value, for example unity. The conductance values can be either direct conductance values or can be conductance values converted to a cold cranking amps (CCA) scale. When CCA values are measured, the values of R1 and R2 can be determined using the formula:
R1=(3.125/CCA—CD′)−(3.125/CCA—C′D′) EQ. 5
R2=(3.125/CCA—C′D)−(3.125/CCA—C′D′) EQ. 6
The value of 3.125 can be adjusted based upon the particular CCA scale employed.
The load 22 can be any type of load including loads which draw high current levels, for example, a starter motor, a magnetic switch, a ground connection, wiring harness, a terminal which may be susceptible to corrosion, a connection through a bolt which may have inappropriate torque or otherwise provide a poor connection, trailer wiring, etc. In one example output, a particular voltage drop is provided for a particular current draw through the cabling. For example, the output can comprise an indication that there is a 0.5 volt drop through the cable under a 500 amp current. Such a parameter can also be used, for example, in a pass/fail test, i.e., if the voltage drop is more than a particular threshold at a given current level, a failure indication can be provided as an output. In one embodiment, the measured parameters comprise dynamic conductance. However, any dynamic parameter can be used in accordance with the present invention including dynamic resistance, reactance, impedance, conductance, susceptance, and/or admittance, including any combination of these parameters.
In the configuration of
When the small forcing function or test signals described above are sent over long cables, detection and measurements can be difficult. This is because of noise in the electrical system as well as difficulty in managing long cable runs between the modules. The long cable run problem is alleviated in the configuration of
The particular circuitry of communication circuit 152, 152′ may be chosen as desired. Examples include a radio frequency communication link including a proprietary link, or standardized communication links such as those based upon Bluetooth® communication technology, Wi-Fi, etc. The synchronization of data can be shared over the wireless communication link 160. The wireless communication link 160 may, based upon device requirements, be bi-direction or uni-directional. In one configuration, circuitry 58 and/or 58′ may operate as a user input/output circuitry and include components to receive an input from an operator or from other electronic circuitry and/or display information to a user, send information to another device, etc. This allows the device to interact with an operator, for example, instructing the operator on steps required in performing the test, receive parameters from the operator, receiving instructions to begin testing, receive calibration information from the operator, etc. Additionally, multiple modules 140, 140′ may be used during testing whereby multiple cables may be tested. The testing of multiple cables may be using a single forcing function, or may be through the application of multiple forcing functions. Additional diagnostic information can be provided to an operator, for example, to indicate that the modules are coupled to the same electrical cable, verify that the electrical connections to the wiring have sufficiently low resistance to provide good test results, etc.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The measurements can be taken using multiple connections to the electrical system or by moving a single pair of connections to various positions on the electrical system. An output can be provided to instruct the operator where to place the connections.
The present application is a Continuation-In-Part of application Ser. No. 11/641,594, filed Dec. 19, 2006 which is a Divisional of and claims priority of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/656,526, filed Sep. 5, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,154,276, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20120035870 A1 | Feb 2012 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10656526 | Sep 2003 | US |
Child | 11641594 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 11641594 | Dec 2006 | US |
Child | 13276639 | US |