Method and apparatus for monitoring machinery vibration

Abstract

An apparatus and method for monitoring vibration of the stator core and/or the conductors of electrical machinery during its operation involves positioning vibration sensors at the stator bar ends and operatively coupling the vibration sensors to a central controller. The vibration sensors are axially disposed along the length of an optical fiber and form an interferometer with a reference reflector. The central controller receives a reflected signal from each sensor which represents a measure of the vibration occurring in the stator core and/or the conductors at the location of the sensor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the location of vibration sensors in an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 2 shows an exploded view of the vibration sensors shown in FIG. 1;

FIGS. 3A-3B show more detail of the optical fiber that carries the vibration sensors; and

FIG. 4 shows in schematic block form an optical fiber with vibration sensors operatively coupled to a controller.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows the major components of a stator core winding to include stator core 10, inner stator bar 11, outer stator bar 12, slot liner 13 disposed between core 10 and outer stator bar 12, slot filler 14 disposed between outer stator bar 12 and inner stator bar 11, grooved slot filler 15 disposed between inner stator bar 11 and ripple spring 16, slide wedge 17 and end wedge 18. Also shown in FIG. 1 is optical fiber sensor 19 disposed between ripple spring 16 and grooved slot filler 15.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the arrangement of grooved slot filler 15, optical fiber sensor 19, ripple spring 16, slide wedge 17 and end wedge 18.

Optical fiber sensor 19 is schematically shown in FIGS. 3A-3B to comprise a one fiber optic cable 30 with Bragg gratings sensors 32 distributed axially along the cable. FIG. 3B shows cable 30 bonded to a coupon or ribbon 32 and FIG. 3B shows the relative size of cable 30 and Bragg grating sensors 31.

As schematically depicted in FIG. 4, one or more cables 30 are operatively coupled to controller 33 which includes a tunable laser (not shown). Optical fiber sensor 19 and controller 33 can be obtained, for example, from Luna Innovations which provides a central controller under its marketing name “Distributed Sensing System.” In operation, central controller 33 transmits a signal along cable 30 and each Bragg grating sensor 31, located at axially displaced locations S1, S2 . . . SN, forms an interferometer with the reference reflector R. The reflected signal from each Bragg grating sensor 31 is modulated by a unique frequency so that band pass filtering in central controller 33 allows for the retrieval of each sensor's signal.

The reflected signals from each Bragg grating sensor 31 are indicative of the amount of strain on ripple spring 16 and by monitoring these signals over time a measure of the ripple spring's diminished elasticity can be obtained. More particularly, each of the reflected signals can be correlated to diminished elasticity of the ripple spring at the location of the Bragg grating sensor from which the reflected signal was received. The change in motion or displacement of ripple spring 16 is indicative of loosening of the stator coil windings and insulation, fracturing or cracks occurring in the laminates, and/or wedge shrinkage all of which can cause the stator bars to move.

While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A system for monitoring stator core or conductor vibration during operation of electrical machinery, said system comprising: a plurality of sensors disposed along at least one stator bar of the stator core, said plurality of sensors monitoring vibration of the at least one stator bar during operation of the electrical machinery; anda controller operatively coupled to said plurality of sensors for receiving uniquely identified signals from each one of said plurality of sensors, and for converting said uniquely identified signals into stator core or conductor vibration data correlated to the location of each of said plurality of sensors.

2. A system as in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors are disposed along the length of at least one optical fiber.

3. A system as in claim 2, wherein the at least one optical fiber is disposed between a ripple spring and a bottom edge of the at least one stator bar of the stator core.

4. A system as in claim 3, wherein the plurality of sensors disposed along the length of the at least one optical fiber measure strain on the ripple spring.

5. A system as in claim 1, wherein the controller transmits signals to said plurality of sensors and the uniquely identified signals from each one of said plurality of sensors are reflected back to said controller.

6. A system as in claim 2, wherein the controller transmits signals to said plurality of sensors and the uniquely identified signals from each one of said plurality of sensors are reflected back to said controller.

7. A system as in claim 3, wherein the controller transmits signals to said plurality of sensors and the uniquely identified signals from each one of said plurality of sensors are reflected back to said controller.

8. A system as in claim 4, wherein the controller transmits signals to said plurality of sensors and the uniquely identified signals from each one of said plurality of sensors are reflected back to said controller.

9. A method of monitoring stator core or conductor vibration during operation of electrical machinery, said method comprising: locating a plurality of sensors along at least one stator bar of the stator core, said plurality of sensors monitoring vibration of the at least one stator bar or associated conductors during operation of the electrical machinery; andreceiving uniquely identified signals from each one of said plurality of sensors at a central controller, andconverting said uniquely identified signals into stator core or conductor vibration data at said central controller which correlates said stator core or conductor vibration data to the location of each of said plurality of sensors.

10. A method as in claim 9, wherein the plurality of sensors are disposed along the length of at least one optical fiber.

11. A method as in claim 10, wherein the at least one optical fiber is disposed between a ripple spring and a bottom edge of the at least one stator bar of the stator core.

12. A method as in claim 11, wherein the plurality of sensors disposed along the length of the at least one optical fiber sense strain on the ripple spring.

13. A method as in claim 9, further including transmitting signals to said plurality of sensors so that the uniquely identified signals from each one of said plurality of sensors are reflected back to said controller.

14. A method as in claim 10, further including transmitting signals to said plurality of sensors so that the uniquely identified signals from each one of said plurality of sensors are reflected back to said controller.

15. A method as in claim 11, further including transmitting signals to said plurality of sensors so that the uniquely identified signals from each one of said plurality of sensors are reflected back to said controller.

16. A method as in claim 12, further including transmitting signals to said plurality of sensors so that the uniquely identified signals from each one of said plurality of sensors are reflected back to said controller.