Patent Application
20130183715
N/A
The invention relates generally to a method and apparatus for the production of methane gas, synthetic hydrocarbon gas, synthetic petroleum, fertilizer, and high value solid carbon from cellulosic and organic material.
Fossil fuels are expensive. They are also finite. Alternative, renewable, and relatively inexpensive fuel sources are highly desired.
The present invention uses cellulosic materials to produce a range of fuels including methane gas, synthetic petroleum, and synthetic hydrocarbon gas. It also provides a high value solid carbon that can be used as fertilizer, or further processed into a fuel such as coke.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus for producing methane gas, synthetic hydrocarbon gas, and fertilizer is provided. The apparatus includes a mix tank for mixing cellulosic material with a solvent into a slurry and a generator having an exhaust. The apparatus further includes a stir tank reactor for converting the slurry to a solution containing lignin-like carbon and liquid, and a separator for separating the lignin-like carbon and liquid. An anaerobic digester decomposes the received liquid received from the stir tank into methane and liquid components. A carbon dioxide scrubber scrubs the methane component of carbon dioxide.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing methane gas, synthetic hydrocarbon gas, and fertilizer is provided. The method includes the steps of mixing cellulosic material with a solvent into a slurry, and converting the slurry to a solution containing lignin-like carbon and liquid. The method also includes the steps of separating the lignin-like carbon and liquid and decomposing the liquid into methane and liquid components. The method further includes the steps of scrubbing the methane component of carbon dioxide.
To understand the present invention, it will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
While this invention is susceptible of embodiments in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail preferred embodiments of the invention with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an exemplification of the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the broad aspect of the invention to the embodiments illustrated.
Referring to the FIGS., a process and apparatus 10 for producing methane gas, synthetic hydrocarbon gas, synthetic petroleum, and high value carbon is shown. Cellulosic material in forms that can include wood, wood chips, sawdust, or other suitable cellulosic materials is placed into a mix tank 12. The cellulosic material is blended with carbonic acid to form a slurry, which begins to break down the cellulosic material. The carbonic acid is produced from the exhaust gas of a generator 14 by transferring it through a carbon dioxide scrubber 28 that is under approximately 50 pounds per square inch pressure. This encourages the carbon dioxide to remain in the liquid as carbonic acid. The generator 14 is powered by gas created by the process 10 as will be described below. The generator 14 is produces most of the heat for the process. Heat from the exhaust of generator 14 is used in a first heat exchanger 16 to provide heat to heat up the incoming carbonic acid from the carbon dioxide scrubber 28. The cooled exhaust after passing through the first heat exchanger 16 is then directed to the scrubber 28 where most of the carbon dioxide is removed and is used to help break down the cellulosic material in the mix tank 12.
The slurry of carbonic acid and cellulosic material from the mix tank 12 is transferred though the first heat exchanger 16 to a stir tank reactor 18. The first heat exchanger 16 is heated using the exhaust of the generator 14. The mix tank 12 may also include a heater to achieve and maintain the desired temperature. The slurry is stirred and heated in the stir tank reactor 18. Stirring is done at a rate sufficient to keep the slurry in suspension, and heated to approximately 400 degrees Fahrenheit, and remains in the stir tank reactor 18 for approximately one hour, although dwell times in the stir tank can be varied as desired or required depending on the cellulosic material used or other factors. After remaining in the stir tank 18 for the desired time, the reacted slurry is converted to a lignin-like carbon and a solution of simple sugars and fatty acids and liquid.
The lignin-like carbon and liquid is transferred from stir tank 18 to a separator 20, where the lignin-like carbon and liquid and a solution of simple sugars and fatty acids are separated. The lignin-like carbon is transferred from the bottom of the separator 20, where most of the liquid was removed, to a gasifier 22. The lignin-like carbon is heated using a heater 23 (
The coke material now with high fixed carbon and low volatile component is transferred out of the gasifier 22 to a coke storage tank 27 via auger. The temperature of the heater 23 and gasifier 22 can also be raised or lowered for the production of carbon products with different volatile components. Generally higher temperature provides for the production of high value coke while lower temperature provides for boiler fuel coke. The volatile component can be tailored to the user's specifications.
The condensed liquid and gas leaving the condenser 25 are transferred to an oil, liquid and gas separator 31. In the separator 31, the oil, liquid and gas are allowed to separate by gravity to form a liquid phase and a gas phase. The liquid phase is comprised of two phases those being (1) a liquid oil that floats on top of the (2) liquid. The liquid is removed from the separator 31 through the bottom of the separator 31, and the oil is removed off of the top of the water by using an overflow well. The gas is removed off of the top of the separator 31 by transferring it the carbon dioxide scrubber 28. The oil is transferred to an oil product storage tank 40 for delivery to a refinery. The liquid removed from the bottom of the separator 31 is transferred to a water in tank 42, where it is reused in the scrubber 28.
From the separator 20, the solution of simple sugars and fatty acids and liquid is transferred to an anaerobic digester 24 after passing through the first heat exchanger 16. The liquid contains the majority of the mineral components of the original cellulosic material. The liquid also contains short chain fatty acids, such as acetic acid, succinic acid, and glutaric acid, and simple sugars. The liquid from the separator 20 gives up its heat to the heat exchanger 16, and emerges from the heat exchanger 16 at a temperature of approximately 105 degrees Fahrenheit. The heat exchanger 16 heats incoming carbonic acid from the carbon dioxide scrubber 28. It also provides temperature control for the incoming solution of simple sugars and fatty acids and mineral and nutrient rich liquid to the anaerobic digester 24.
In the anaerobic digester 24, the solution of simple sugars and fatty acids and liquid undergoes rapid decomposition using methanogenic bacteria creating a biogas having approximately 60% to 65% methane (CH4) and 35% to 40% carbon dioxide (CO2). The methane component is directed to the carbon dioxide scrubber 28, where most of the carbon dioxide is removed before the gas is transferred to gas storage 30. The methane component can be used on-site to produce electricity through generator 14, or can be cleaned up for introduction into existing pipelines. The carbon dioxide component is used in the mix tank 12 to digest the incoming cellulose. Typical digestion times are 1 to 2 days, but can be adjusted as desired. Moreover, the digester 24 digests approximately 90% of the material entering it. Tests indicate that approximately 20 cubic feet of methane is produced per pound of digested cellulosic materials.
From the digester 24, the liquid component remaining has lost most of its organics in the form of methane. Bacteria that were grown on the nutrients transferred through the anaerobic digester 24 will eventually slough off and leave the anaerobic digester 24 through the bottom. The sloughed off bacteria are transferred through a series of micron screens 32 where the bacteria are separated from the liquid. The bacteria now containing most of the mineral nutrients that were in the liquid are separated at the micron screens 32 are transferred to a second gasifier 33 where they are heated to around 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit by a heater 35 (
After passing through the micron screens 32, the liquid is directed to an aerobic digester 34 for further cleaning. The liquid is essentially free of solids and can be pumped by a standard water pump and plastic ball valves due to lack of abrasives. The output of the aerobic digester 34 is directed to settling tanks 36 where solids are further removed. The solids from the settling tanks 36 are transferred to the anaerobic digester 24 to be converted into additional methane.
The liquid in the settling tanks 36 is transferred to a recycle tank 38 and the carbon dioxide scrubber 28. After being scrubbed in the scrubber 28, the liquid is transferred back to the mix tank 12 to complete the process cycle. Any excess liquid from the settling tanks 36 is discharged, and can be filtered for additional use by any desired or suitable means.
The following chart shows the composition of the solid carbon that results from the process and apparatus of the present invention. This chart shows the raw wood compared with the carbon product resulting from the wood being processed.
This chart shows that the moisture in the wood decreased from approximately 39% to around 1%. The BTU value of the carbon nearly tripled from that of the raw hardwood, and the percent of fixed carbon increased to more than 80%. For debarked softwoods, similar results were obtained. The resulting carbon product is of metallurgical coke quality. It has a very low sulfur content and high fixed carbon content. The process can be varied to obtain a carbon product that meets desired characteristics. For instance, the cellulosic material can be processed at a lower temperature resulting in a boiler fuel with higher volatile composition. The production of this carbon will result in a decrease in the synthetic petroleum and gas products.
The synthetic gas product produced by the process and apparatus of the present invention has a high BTU content that is rich in hydrocarbons. The gas is suitable for use in electric power generation. The gas can also be upgraded and fed into the natural gas pipeline. Low molecular weight hydrocarbons such as propane and butane can either be burned onsite as fuel for electrical generation, or separated and used or stored as separate products. A test of the synthetic gas composition using a batch process reactor open to the atmosphere yielded the gas composition in the chart below. The apparatus and process of the present invention would not be open to the atmosphere. As a result, the carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen (N2) values are much higher than would normally be expected. In the actual process there would be no nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
Fertilizer product produced using the process and apparatus of the present invention is handled similar to the carbon product. Liquid exiting the anaerobic digester will have some sloughed off bacteria. The bacteria will be strained or settled out of the liquid and will be sent to a separate gasifier where it is handled similarly to the carbon to form a vitrified char rich in mineral nutrients from the cellulosic material. The fertilizer product will vary in mineral nutrient content depending, for instance, the type of cellulosic material processed.
Methane product produced by the process and apparatus of the present invention will be around 60-65% methane gas and 35-40% carbon dioxide. The gas can be used onsite to produce electricity or cleaned up for introduction into a natural gas pipeline. As indicated above, the digester 24 digests approximately 90% of the material entering it. Tests indicate that approximately 20 cubic feet of methane is produced per pound of digested cellulosic materials.
Expected yields of the products using the method and apparatus of the present invention are shown in the chart below on a per ton basis.
Synthetic petroleum produced by the apparatus and method of the present invention is expected to have the following properties:
This process may also be used with substances such as cow manure or other materials containing cellulosic and organic materials to give similar results. Manures would produce more fertilizer component and would have a higher mineral nutrient content than cellulosic materials such as wood.
While the specific embodiments have been illustrated and described, numerous modifications come to mind without significantly departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of protection is only limited by the scope of the accompanying Claims.
The present Application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/585,847, filed Jan. 12, 2012, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61585847 | Jan 2012 | US |
