Patent Application
20080017588
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing sterile water containing hypochlorous or chlorous acid as a major component.
2. Background Art
It is well known that the sterile water containing hypochlorous or chlorous acid as its major component is harmless to the human body and highly effective in sterilization. For example, when the free chloric acid concentration is adjusted to about 200 ppm by diluting sodium hypochlorite with water, the sodium hypochlorite water solution will have a pH value of about 8.6, and the sodium hypochlorite will contain the hypochlorous acid in about 10%. As well known, the content of hypochlorous acid in the solution depends upon the pH value and will be about 100% in a weak acid range of about 5 in pH value.
There have been proposed the following methods of producing sterile water containing hypochlorous or chlorous acid as a major component. A first typical one of the methods is to produce sterile water by mixing a sodium hypochlorite (chlorite) water solution and an acid such as hydrochloric acid (diluted) (cf. Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Applications JP 2004-35037, JP 2005-161142 and JP 2005-349382). A second one of the methods is to produce sterile water containing hypochlorous acid by direct electrolysis of hydrochloric acid as its major component. A third one of the methods is to make electrolysis with sodium chloride put in an electrolytic bath having a membrane disposed between an anode and cathode to produce a hypochlorous acid water solution around the anode (cf. Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application JP H03-258392). A fourth one of the methods is to prepare a hypochlorous acid water solution by electrolysis of a mixed water solution of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride (cf. Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application JP H06-99174).
The above first method in which the sodium hypochlorite (chlorite) water solution and acid are mixed is advantageous in that sterile water can easily be produced which contains the hypochlorous or chlorous acid as the major component. However, it has a problem that the quantity of the acid to be added cannot easily be controlled For example, if the acid is added in a quantity slightly larger than necessary, the pH value will suddenly fall below pH 3 into a range of gasification in which gaseous chlorine and gaseous chlorine dioxide will be produced. This problem is typically symbolized by a caution label reading “Never use with acid” attached on a commercially available container of a pesticide or bleach containing sodium hypochlorite, for example.
Concerning the above second and third methods adopting the electrolysis, when electrolytic conditions are to be set around pH 5 at which the percentage of hypochlorous acid content is high, the electrolytic bath needs delicate control. Actually, therefore, the electrolytic condition is necessarily enlarged to near pH 7 to control the electrolytic bath.
In the above fourth method adopting the electrolysis, sodium chloride is put in an electrolytic bath having no membrane between the anode and cathode to produce sodium hypochlorite of a high concentration, and then the product is diluted with dilution water to produce sterile water containing hypochlorous acid as its major component as disclosed in the Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application JP H06-99174. In this fourth method, dilute hydrochloric acid is added so that the pH value will be automatically adjusted when the sodium hypochlorite is produced by the electrolysis. For production of sterile water of a desired pH value, however, it is necessary to strictly adjust the concentration of the dilute hydrochloric acid. On the other hand, for producing the sterile water having a desired concentration, it is necessary to adjust the quantity of the dilute hydrochloric acid. However, an apparatus used to effect this fourth method should be controlled in an impracticable manner to attain both the desired concentration and pH value. Therefore, it is not avoidable to set a wide target range of pH value.
An apparatus for effecting the above methods to produce the sterile water containing the hypochlorous or chlorous acid as the major component has a sterile water outlet pipe connected thereto (as in the Japanese Published Unexamined Patent Application JP 2004-181445). The outlet pipe has an end-stop valve or a faucet. When the valve or faucet is opened, the sterile water is delivered for use. The sterile water is delivered in different amounts; for example, an extremely small amount of the sterile water is continuously delivered for use with the faucet being opened slightly or a large amount is delivered with the faucet being full opened, whichever is appropriate. Namely, in the sterile water producing apparatus, the sterile water throughput cannot be maintained constant, which makes it to be difficult to maintain a constant pH value and concentration. Thus, it has been considered that the sterile water producing apparatus should be equipped with an accumulator and a tank for storage of the produced sterile water as accessory facilities.
Accordingly, it is preferable to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the related art by providing a method and apparatus for producing sterile water containing hypochlorous or chlorous acid as its major component and having a stable pH value.
Also it is preferable to provide a method and apparatus for producing sterile water containing hypochlorous or chlorous acid as its major component and which are capable of preventing the pH value from falling to a range of gasification in which it is pH 3 or lower.
Also it is preferable to provide a method and apparatus for producing sterile water containing hypochlorous or chlorous acid as its major component and having a high concentration and which are capable of maintaining a constant pH value without having to make any special control.
Also it is preferable to provide a sterile water producing method and apparatus capable of producing sterile water containing hypochlorous or chlorous acid as its major component while suppressing the variation in pH value of the sterile water without being influenced by any manner in which the sterile water is used.
The present invention is basically characterized in that a sodium hypochlorite or chlorite water solution is adjusted in pH value with carbon dioxide to produce sterile water containing hypochlorous or chlorous acid as a major component
The modes of carrying out the present invention include a first one in which the carbon dioxide and sodium hypochlorite or chlorite water solution are brought into direct contact with each other, and a second one in which the carbon dioxide is brought into contact with water to produce carbonated water and the carbonated water is added to the sodium hypochlorite or chlorite water solution. That is, bringing the carbon dioxide into contact with water, sodium hypochlorite or chlorite water solution to dissolve the former into the latter will contribute to the adjustment in pH value of the sodium hypochlorite or chlorite water solution. A preferred embodiment of the present invention, in which sodium hypochlorite water solution is used, will be explained below as a typical example. The explanation, however, is also applicable to any embodiments of the present invention in which sodium chlorite water solution is used.
For bringing carbon dioxide and sodium hypochlorite water solution into contact with each other, the sodium hypochlorite water solution may be formed into bubbles by supplying, by sprinkling, to a gas-phase region, or directly to a liquid-phase region, in a carbon dioxide-filled vessel, for example. The sodium hypochlorite water solution may be supplied to the gas-phase region either by sprinkling like shower or by spraying or jetting by a nozzle. Solubility of the carbon dioxide depends upon the size and surface area of sprinkled or sprayed particles of the sodium hypochlorite water solution. This characteristic can be utilized for pH value adjustment of the sterile water.
In addition to the supply, by sprinkling, of the sodium hypochlorite water solution to the gas-phase region in the carbon dioxide-filled vessel, the sodium hypochlorite water solution may be supplied directly to the liquid-phase region. In this case, the sterile water can be adjusted in pH value by controlling the rate at which the sodium hypochlorite water solution is supplied by sprinkling to the gas-phase region and that at which the sodium hypochlorite water solution is supplied directly to the liquid-phase region.
To produce the sterile water containing hypochlorous or chlorous acid as its major component, an acid other than carbonic acid may additionally be used. In this case, the additional acid may be added either simultaneously with, or after, the contact between the sodium hypochlorite water solution and carbon dioxide.
In case a pressure vessel capable of keeping the liquid level within a constant range is used as the above-mentioned vessel, it can be adapted to function as an accumulator. Using carbonated water produced by putting carbon dioxide and water into contact with each other at site in case the produced sterile water is diluted for use, the sterile water can be diluted with suppression of the variation in pH value thereof.
The foregoing and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will be come apparent from the following detailed description of the present invention when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention will be described in detail below concerning the embodiments thereof for producing sterile water containing hypochlorous acid as its major component is produced with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the following description is also true with possible embodiments of the present invention for producing sterile water containing chlorous acid as a major component.
The reference numeral 15 indicates a carbon dioxide (CO2) cylinder When a manual valve 16 is opened, the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide cylinder 15 is supplied to the pressure vessel 13 through a carbon dioxide supply pipe 17. The reference numerals 18 and 19 indicate reducing valves. These two reducing valves 18 and 19 are used to supply about 1 to 3 kg/cm2 of carbon dioxide to the pressure vessel 13. The reference numeral 20 indicates a motor-operated valve, 21 a check valve, 22 a pressure gauge and 23 a branch pipe. A gas introduction pipe 24 is also provided to introduce the carbon dioxide into the pressure vessel 13. Also, the pressure inside the pressure vessel 13 is detected by the pressure gauge 22.
The reference numeral 25 indicates a float, and 26 a magnet installed to the float 25. On the side wall of the pressure vessel 13, there are provided discretely along the length of the vessel 13 four limit switches 27 to 30 which detect the liquid levels in the pressure vessel 13. The magnet 26 and limit switches 27 to 30 form together a liquid level detector that detects the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13. Otherwise, a liquid level monitoring tube such as a transparent glass tube, having a float provided therein, may be provided to extend vertically outside the pressure vessel 13. The level of the liquid inside the pressure vessel 13 will be known by reading the level of the float in the monitoring tube.
The pressure vessel 13 has a discharge pipe 31 connected to the bottom thereof. The reference numeral 32 indicates a first branch pipe. The discharge pipe 31 is connected to first and second pipes 33 and 34. The first pipe 33 is connected to the above-mentioned branch pipe 23. The reference numeral 35 indicates a motor-operated valve. The discharge pipe 31 is preferably a small diameter one or provided with a throttle valve 42.
The second pipe 34 is branched by a second branch pipe 36 to a sterile water delivery pipe 37 and drain pipe 38. The reference numeral 39 indicates a manual or motor-operated valve provided in the sterile water delivery pipe 37, and 40 a motor-operated valve provided in the drain pipe 38. A passage selection valve may be provided in the sterile water delivery pipe 37 in place of the motor-operated valve 40 in the drain pipe 38 to make a selection between a drain mode in which the drain pipe 38 is to be opened or a sterile water delivery mode in which the sterile water delivery pipe is 37 is to be opened.
In the upper portion of the pressure vessel 13, there is disposed a partition 43 having a plurality of small holes 44 formed therein. The partition 43 segmentizes an upper space 14 to which the sodium hypochlorite water solution is supplied and a main space 45 to which carbon dioxide is supplied through the gas introduction pipe 24. The sterile water producing apparatus constructed as above operates as will be explained below.
The operation of the sterile water producing apparatus as the first embodiment of the present invention will be outlined below. The pressure vessel 13 is filled with carbon dioxide under a predetermined pressure. An sodium hypochlorite water solution adjusted in concentration to a predetermined value is supplied to the carbon dioxide in the pressure vessel 13. The carbon dioxide will be dissolved into the sodium hypochlorite water solution. The extent of dissolution of the carbon dioxide can be adjusted correspondingly to a manner in which the sodium hypochlorite water solution is supplied, that is, to the size or surface area of the particles of the sprinkled sodium hypochlorite water solution. As will be known from comparison between the supply, by shower-like sprinkling, and that by atomization by a spray nozzle, of the sodium hypochlorite water solution, for example, the supply by atomization assures a higher efficiency of the dissolution of the carbon dioxide into the solution. Also, the carbon dioxide will be dissolved in a larger amount when the pressure in the pressure vessel 13 is set higher. These are matters of design choice. Even if the carbon dioxide has been dissolved up to the level of saturation, the sterile water (carbonated water) thereby produced in the pressure vessel 13 does not enter into the strongly acidic region.
Preparation Mode:
The valve 20 for supplying carbon dioxide and valve 39 provided in the sterile water delivery pipe 37 are closed. On the other hand, the valve 35 provided in the pipe 33 and valve 40 provided in the drain pipe 38 are opened. Next, a sodium hypochlorite water solution is supplied to the upper space 14 and strongly sprayed to the main space 45 through the small holes 44. Preferably, the flows of the sodium hypochlorite water solution sprayed through the small holes 44 are brought into collision with each other for atomization.
The flow rate of raw water used to dilute the sodium hypochlorite water solution is detected by the flowmeter 5. The sodium hypochlorite water solution in the material tank 7 is supplied by the pump 8 to the addition block 10 at a rate corresponding to the detected flow rate. The sodium hypochlorite water solution is mixed with the raw water to have a predetermined concentration corresponding to an intended use. The sodium hypochlorite water solution thus adjusted in concentration is supplied to the pressure vessel 13 through the material supply pipe 12.
Since the throttle valve 42 is provided in the discharge pipe 31 connected to the bottom of the pressure vessel 13, the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 supplied with the sodium hypochlorite water solution is raised. As the liquid level rises, air in the pressure vessel 13 enters the gas introduction pipe 24 and is then released to outside through the branch pipe 23, first pipe 33, second pipe 34 and drain pipe 38.
When the float 25 goes up as the liquid level rises until the uppermost limit switch 30 detects the liquid level, the valve 35 provided in the first pipe 33 to discharge air in the pressure valve 13 to outside is opened. On the other hand, the valve 20 for supplying the carbon dioxide is opened and thus carbon dioxide under a relatively low pressure attained using the two reducing valves 18 and 19 is supplied from the carbon dioxide cylinder 15 to the pressure vessel 13 through the gas introduction pipe 24. Such control is made by a controller (not shown).
To discharge air in the pressure vessel 13 to outside in the preparation mode, an air purge valve may be provided at or near the top of the pressure vessel 13, which can be opened for purging the air in the pressure vessel 13 to outside. When the air has completely been purged out of the pressure vessel 13, namely, when the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 rises until it is detected by the uppermost limit switch 30, the air purge valve is to be closed. In this case, the discharge pipe 33 and valve 35 may be omitted.
As the pressure in the pressure vessel 13 having been supplied with the carbon dioxide rises, the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 will gradually be lower. When the liquid level is lowered until it is detected by the second limit switch 28, the valve 20 for supplying the carbon dioxide and valve 40 provided in the drain pipe 38 will be closed. Thus, the liquid level will rise again.
The pressure in the pressure vessel 13 is monitored by the pressure gauge 22. When the pressure in the pressure vessel 13 becomes higher than a predetermined value or when the third limit switch 29 detects the liquid level, the pump 4 provided in the raw water supply pipe 1 is stopped from running, and the valve 3 provided in the raw water supply pipe 1 is preferably closed. With the above operations, a blue lamp (not shown), for example, is illuminated to inform that the sterile water producing apparatus is ready for delivery of the sterile water for use.
In the above preparation mode, since the atomized sodium hypochlorite water solution is sprayed into the pressure vessel 13 filled with the carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide is dissolved into the sodium hypochlorite water solution to automatically lower the pH value of the sodium hypochlorite water solution to a level at which the solution is acidic, whereby sterile water containing hypochlorous acid as a major component can be produced. Since the carbonated water resulted from the dissolution of the carbon dioxide into water is weak-acidic, the sterile water produced in the pressure vessel 13 filled with the carbon dioxide will not possibly have the pH value thereof lowered to a level at which the sterile water is strong-acidic.
In this connection, sodium hydrogen carbonate is known as a substance having a buffering effect. Addition of the sodium hydrogen carbonate to the sodium hypochlorite water solution permits to lower the susceptibility to acid. However, the sodium hydrogen carbonate is disadvantageous in that it ceaselessly emits carbon dioxide and becomes lower in the buffering effect. For this reason, a job or device is required to periodically or always replenish the sodium hydrogen carbonate. According to the embodiment, such a job or device is not required since the sterile water is produced in the pressure vessel 13 filled with the carbon dioxide.
Operation Mode:
When the above-mentioned preparation mode is complete, the sterile water producing apparatus is switched to an operation mode in which it can readily deliver the sterile water having been adjusted in pH value by dissolving the carbon dioxide into the sodium hypochlorite water solution. The manual or motor-operated valve 39 provided in the sterile water delivery pipe 37 is opened to deliver the sterile water for use. As the sterile water is used, the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 falls. When the second limit switch 28 detects the liquid level, the motor-operated valve 3 provided in the raw water supply pipe 1 is opened, the pump 4 is put into operation again and the pressure vessel 13 is supplied with the sodium hypochlorite water solution having been diluted to the predetermined concentration. The concentration of the sodium hypochlorite water solution supplied to the pressure vessel 13 can be adjusted by controlling the rate at which the sodium hypochlorite water solution in the material tank 7 is added to the raw water through the addition unit 10.
When the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 rises until it is detected by the third limit switch 29, the valve 20 provided in the carbon dioxide supply pipe 17 is opened and the carbon dioxide is supplied to the pressure vessel 13. Thus, the pressure in the pressure vessel 13 rises, while the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 falls. When the second limit switch 28 detects the liquid level, the valve 20 for supplying the carbon dioxide is closed to stop supply of the carbon dioxide to the pressure vessel 13. The carbon dioxide in the pressure vessel 13 will be absorbed by the sodium hypochlorite water solution injected into the pressure vessel 13, and thus the pressure inside the pressure vessel 13 will gradually fall.
By repeatedly effecting and ceasing the supply of the carbon dioxide to the pressure vessel 13, the pressure in the pressure vessel 13 is kept within a constant range while the level of the sterile water is kept between the second and third limit switches 28 and 29. In this connection, if the pressure in the pressure vessel 13 is too high, the carbon dioxide is actively dissolved inside the pressure vessel 13. If the carbon dioxide is dissolved more than necessary, the pH value of the sterile water in the pressure vessel 13 will possibly vary.
Also, when the sterile water delivery is reduced by partially or fully closing the manual or motor-operated valve 39, the sodium hypochlorite water solution will be supplied to the pressure vessel 13 in a larger amount than the sterile water delivery from the pressure vessel 13, so that although the carbon dioxide is supplied by opening the valve 20, the pressure in the pressure vessel 13 will be raised with rise of the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13. When the pressure gauge 22 detects a pressure higher than a predetermined one in the pressure vessel 13, the raw water supply pump 4 is stopped from running, and the motor-operated valve 3 is preferably be closed to stop supply of the sodium hypochlorite water solution to the pressure vessel 13. Then, when the sterile water is used until the second limit switch 28 detects the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13, the pump 4 is put into operation again and the motor-operated valve 3 is opened to resume supply of the raw water, whereby the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 will be kept within a constant range. That is, by repeatedly effecting and ceasing the supply of the sodium hypochlorite water solution to the pressure vessel 13, the liquid level of the sterile water in the pressure vessel 13 is kept within a constant range.
Therefore, even if a small amount of the sterile water is continuously delivered or if delivery of the sterile water is repeatedly effected and ceased, the sterile water producing apparatus can produce the sterile water stably without having to additionally provide any equipment such as a separate accumulator. That is, the pressure vessel 13 that uses the carbon dioxide for production of the sterile water containing hypochlorous acid as its major component works as an accumulator.
Note here that if the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 has risen abnormally so that the internal pressure in the pressure vessel 13 will not exceed the predetermined value even when the uppermost limit switch 30 has detected the liquid level, for example, it may be considered that the carbon dioxide cylinder 15 has become empty. To give an alarm in such a case, the sterile water producing apparatus is preferably equipped with a device that gives an audible alarm and/or a red lamp (not shown) that is turned on to give a visual alarm. Of course, the apparatus is preferably provided with a device to give an alarm when the pressure gauge 22 detects that the pressure in the pressure vessel 13 has abnormally fallen.
In the above embodiment, when the pressure in the pressure vessel 13 exceeds a predetermined one, supply of the raw water is stopped by stopping the pump 4 from running and preferably by closing the motor-operated valve 3. In a variant of this embodiment, a limit switch (not shown) is additionally provided between the third and uppermost limit switches 29 and 30 to stop the raw water supply by stopping the pump 4 from running and preferably by closing the motor-operated valve 3 when the additional limit switch detects the liquid level.
The passage selection valve 9 provided at the addition unit 10 makes a selection between the passages at every predetermined time, for example, to return the sodium hypochlorite water solution drawn up by the pump 8 from the material tank 7 to the material tank 7. Thus, it is possible to remove air bubbles formed in the sodium hypochlorite water solution supply passage extending from the material tank 7 to the addition unit 10.
The sterile water producing apparatus is preferably designed so that it can not only control the amount of the sodium hypochlorite water solution to be added to the raw water in the addition unit 10 in response to the flow amount of the raw water, but also change the concentration of the sodium hypochlorite water solution for supply to the pressure vessel 13 by adjusting the added amount of the raw water. When the target concentration of the sodium hypochlorite water solution has been changed, it is recommended to interrupt the supply of the sterile water produced in the pressure vessel 13 for a while and to set the apparatus in an automatic driving mode including opening the valve 40 of the drain pipe 38 and discharging the sterile water from the pressure vessel 13 until the target concentration is attained.
The present invention will further be explained below concerning various other embodiments thereof with reference to
In the second embodiment, one of acids including inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and the like or organic acids such as acetic acid, lactic acid and the like, other than carbonic acid, is mixed with the sodium hypochlorite water solution. Typical one of such acids is water-diluted hydrochloric acid. More specifically, the sterile water producing apparatus as the second apparatus includes an additional material tank 50 in which an acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid is filled. The acid in the additional material tank 50 is supplied by an additional pump 51 to the material supply pipe 12 or raw water supply pipe 1 and mixed with the sodium hypochlorite water solution in an additional addition unit 52 to pre-adjust the pH value of the sodium hypochlorite water solution to be supplied to the pressure vessel 13.
The pH pre-adjustment may be a preliminary adjustment of the pH value of the sodium hypochlorite water solution to weak alkalinity or preferably to neutrality or an adjustment to lower the pH value of the sodium hypochlorite water solution to near a final target pH value (pH 6 for example), both effected before a final pH adjustment with carbon dioxide in the pressure vessel 13. Both the pH adjustment including both the preliminary pH adjustment of the sodium hypochlorite water solution with an acidic component (typically, hydrochloric acid) other than carbonated water and the pH adjustment to lower the pH value to near the final target pH value with the acidic component (typically, hydrochloric acid) other than the carbonated water will be referred to herein as “auxiliary pH adjustment”.
In the aforementioned first embodiment (see
On the other hand, the pH adjustment of the sodium hypochlorite water solution with the combination of acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid and carbonated water as in the second embodiment (see
The third embodiment is also a variant of the second embodiment. In the second embodiment, the addition unit 10 for addition of the sodium hypochlorite water solution and the additional addition unit 52 for addition of acid are disposed in series with each other. However, the addition units 10 and 52 may be disposed in parallel with each other as in the third embodiment as shown in
The fourth embodiment is also a variant of the third embodiment. In the third embodiment, the sodium hypochlorite water solution is subjected to the auxiliary pH adjustment before supplied to the pressure vessel 13. However, hydrochloric acid having been diluted to a predetermined concentration may be supplied directly to the pressure vessel 13 along a different route 55 as in the fourth embodiment. The hydrochloric acid may be supplied to the liquid-phase region in the pressure vessel 13. Preferably, the hydrochloric acid is atomized by sprinkling or spraying it to an upper portion of the pressure vessel 13. Most preferably, the hydrochloric acid is sprinkled or sprayed to get into collision with particles of the sodium hypochlorite water solution sprinkled or sprayed in the pressure vessel 13 and the sodium hypochlorite water solution and dilute hydrochloric acid be mixed together in the gas-phase region in the pressure vessel 13, to thereby produce the sterile water in the pressure vessel 13 filled with the carbon dioxide while making the auxiliary pH adjustment of the sodium hypochlorite water solution.
The aforementioned first and other embodiments use the material tank 7 (see
The sodium hypochlorite water solution preparation unit 60 shown in
The reference numeral 65 in
The sodium hypochlorite water solution prepared in the electrolytic bath 61 with no membrane (see
Generally in the electrolytic bath 63 with the membrane 62 (see
Although a par of the raw water is supplied to the electrolytic baths 61 and 63 at the downstream of the flowmeter 5 as shown in
Of course, the fifth embodiment shown in
In the sixth embodiment, the pH value of the sodium hypochlorite water solution in the pressure vessel 13 is lowered by bubbling the carbon dioxide to produce sterile water containing hypochlorous acid as a major component, as will be seen in
For bubbling the carbon dioxide to adjust the pH value, the sodium hypochlorite water solution may be sprayed or sprinkled in the upper portion of the pressure vessel 13 as in the first embodiment. However, it may be supplied to the bottom of the pressure vessel 13, that is, to the liquid-phase region in the pressure vessel 13. Also, it is of course that dilute hydrochloric acid may be mixed in the sodium hypochlorite water solution as in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 to make the auxiliary pH adjustment.
As shown in
As shown in
When the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 is lowered until it is detected by the second limit switch 28, the second flow control valve 81 is activated to reduce the delivery rate of the sterile water from the pressure vessel 13.
When the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 is raised until it is detected by the third limit switch 29, the flow control valve 81 provided at the delivery side of the pressure vessel 13 is returned to its original opening to allow the pressure vessel 13 to deliver an increased amount of the sterile water, white the first flow control valve 80 provided in the raw water supply pipe 1 is activated to reduce the rate at which the sodium hypochlorite water solution is supplied to the pressure vessel 13. With these operations, the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 can be maintained between the second and third limit switches 28 and 29.
In case the system is designed such that the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 is lowered when both the first and second flow control valves 80 and 81 are fully opened, the liquid level can be maintained within a constant range only by adjusting the second flow control vale 81 at the delivery side. On the contrary, in case the system is designed so that when both the first and second flow control valves 80 and 81 are fully opened, the liquid level in the pressure vessel 13 is raised, the liquid level can be maintained within a constant range only by adjusting the first flow control valve 80 in the raw water supply pipe 1.
The eighth embodiment shown in
As shown in
The ninth embodiment shown in
As shown in
The second pressure vessel 90 to produce the carbonated water is provided with limit switches (liquid-level switch) 27 to 30 to maintain the liquid level between the second and third limit switches 28 and 29 as at the first pressure vessel 13. The carbonated water produced in the second pressure vessel 90 is discharged from a discharge pipe 91 and added to the sterile water in the confluence unit 89. The addition of the carbonated water, that is, dilution of the sterile water, will be adjusted in the confluence unit 89. In
In the first to ninth embodiments, the carbon dioxide is used to adjust the pH value of the sterile water. The tenth embodiment is an improved version of the first to ninth embodiments, and the improvement is also applicable to the latter.
As shown in
The first branch pipe 100 is connected to the aforementioned upper space 14 in the pressure vessel 13, and the sodium hypochlorite water solution passing through the first branch pipe 100 is sprayed or sprinkled to the main space 45 through the small holes 44. On the other hand, the second branch pipe 101 is connected to the main space 45 in the pressure vessel 13, and the sodium hypochlorite water solution passing through the second branch pipe 101 falls as a flow into the main space 45. The reference numeral 103 in
By changing, by the distribution valve 12, the ratio between the rate at which the sodium hypochlorite water solution is sprinkled or spayed into the pressure vessel 13 and rate at which the solution is allowed to fall as a flow into the pressure vessel 13, it is possible to change the extent of contact between the sodium hypochlorite water solution and carbon dioxide inside the pressure vessel 13. Thus, feedback control can be made for the pH value of the sterile water in the pressure vessel 13 to become a target one.
It is assumed here the pH value of the sterile water produced in the pressure vessel 13 is set “6”, for example. In case a pH value detected by the pH meter 103 is larger than “6”, the rate at which the sodium hypochlorite water solution sprayed into the pressure vessel 13 through the first branch pipe 100 can be increased to lower the pH value of the sterile water toward a target value. On the other hand, in case the detected pH value is smaller than “6”, the rate at which the sodium hypochlorite water solution sprayed into the pressure vessel 13 through the first branch pipe 100 can be decreased to raise the pH value of the sterile water toward the target value. Such control is made by a controller (not shown).
It is of course that the distribution valve 102 may be formed from a manual valve, for example. In this case, the ratio between the rate at which the sodium hypochlorite water solution is sprinkled or spayed into the pressure vessel 13 and rate at which the solution is allowed to fall as a flow into the pressure vessel 13 will substantially be fixed. This is also true with eleventh to fourteenth embodiments which will be explained below with reference to FIGS. 13 to 16.
The eleventh embodiment shown in
The twelfth embodiment shown in
In this thirteenth embodiment, the sodium hypochlorite water solution is added to the sterile water produced in the pressure vessel 13 and containing hypochlorous acid as the major component to control the pH value of the sterile water. As shown in
By adding the sodium hypochlorite water solution to the sterile water of which the pH value has been adjusted with the carbon dioxide before delivery, it is possible to adjust the pH value of the sterile water. Also, by controlling the rate at which the sodium hypochlorite water solution is added to the sterile water, it is possible to adjust the pH value of the sterile water to a desired target value.
The fourteenth embodiment is also a variant of the above-mentioned thirteenth embodiment shown in
In the aforementioned first to fourteenth embodiments, the sterile water containing hypochlorous acid as its major component is produced in the pressure vessel 13. In this fifteenth embodiment, however, it is proposed to the sterile water containing hypochlorous acid as a major component by adding carbonated water to the sodium hypochlorite water solution.
As shown in
The raw water is partially sprinkled or sprayed into the pressure vessel 13 through the first branch pipe 100. The remainder of the raw water is supplied to the lower portion, that is, the liquid-phase region, of the pressure vessel 13 through the second branch pipe 101. The ratio between the rate at which the sodium hypochlorite water solution is supplied through the first branch pipe 100 and that through the second branch pipe 101 can be adjusted using a distribution valve 102, and thus it is possible to adjust the concentration of the carbonated water produced in the pressure vessel 13.
Since the sterile water is produced by taking out the carbonated water produced in the pressure vessel 13 and adjusting the pH value of the sodium hypochlorite water solution with the carbonated water taken out of the pressure vessel 13, it is possible to adjust the pH value of the sterile water by controlling the concentration of the sterile water. That is, the pH value of the sterile water is measured by the pH meter 103 and the distribution valve 102 is controlled for the measured pH value to be a desired target value. As having previously been mentioned, the pH value 103 may be a dissolved carbon-dioxide concentration sensor.
It is generally considered that the sterile water of pH 6.5 to pH 7 is desirable for use in washing meat, for example, and of pH 5 to pH 6 for use in washing vegetable. For such use, the pH value of the sterile water can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the carbonated water and mixing the carbonated water thus adjusted in concentration with the sodium hypochlorite water solution. Thus, the pH value of the sterile water can easily be controlled correspondingly to an intended use for washing meat or vegetable.
The fifteenth embodiment shown in
In the foregoing, various embodiments of the present invention have been explained. However, the elements included in the embodiments may of course be combined together and the present invention of course includes various variants which would be obvious to those skilled in the art.
For example, to sprinkle or spray the sodium hypochlorite water solution or raw water into the pressure vessel 13, the small holes 44 may be formed radially and oppositely to each other in the partition 43 as shown in
The bubble generator 70 used in the sixth embodiment as shown in
According to the aforementioned embodiments, sterile water containing hypochlorous or chlorous acid as its major component can be produced from an alkaline hypochlorite or chlorite water solution by a pH adjusting function of carbon dioxide. The pH value of the sterile water is not only stable but can be prevented from entering the strong-acidic range, thereby preventing the production of gaseous chlorine. Also, since the pressure vessel 13 works as an accumulator, so it is not necessary to provide any accumulator or a tank to provisionally store the sterile water separately.
The present invention is most suitably applicable for production of sterile water (weak-acidic) of which the percentage content of hypochlorous or chlorous acid is high. Generally, it is applicable for production of sterile water of about 5 to 8 in pH value.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005-084747 | Feb 2005 | JP | national |
| JP2005-084767 | Feb 2005 | JP | national |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/JP2006/303528 | Feb 2006 | US |
| Child | 11843445 | Aug 2007 | US |
