Patent Application
20230017257
The present disclosure relates to a technique for receiving a PPDU through a multiple RU in a WLAN system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving the PPDU in a non-OFDMA scheme through multiple RU aggregated with a combination of RUs in consideration of puncturing.
A wireless local area network (WLAN) has been enhanced in various ways. For example, the IEEE 802.11ax standard has proposed an enhanced communication environment by using orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and downlink multi-user multiple input multiple output (DL MU MIMO) schemes.
The present specification proposes a technical feature that can be utilized in a new communication standard. For example, the new communication standard may be an extreme high throughput (EHT) standard which is currently being discussed. The EHT standard may use an increased bandwidth, an enhanced PHY layer protocol data unit (PPDU) structure, an enhanced sequence, a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) scheme, or the like, which is newly proposed. The EHT standard may be referred to as the IEEE 802.11be standard.
An increased number of spatial streams may be used in the new wireless LAN standard. In this case, in order to properly use the increased number of spatial streams, a signaling technique in the WLAN system may need to be improved.
The present disclosure proposes a method and apparatus for receiving a PPDU through a multiple RU in a WLAN system.
An example of the present specification proposes a method for receiving a PPDU through the multiple RU.
This embodiment may be performed in a network environment in which a next-generation wireless LAN system (e.g., IEEE 802.11be or EHT wireless LAN system) is supported. The next-generation wireless LAN system is a wireless LAN system improved from the 802.11ax system, and may satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11ax system.
This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for configuring multiple RUs to transmit and receive PPDUs in a non-OFDMA scheme. Transmission of the PPDU in the non-OFDMA scheme may include single user (SU) transmission or multi user-multi input multi output (MU-MIMO) transmission.
A receiving station (STA) receives a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) through a first band from a transmitting STA.
The receiving STA decode the PPDU.
The PPDU includes a control field and a data field.
The first band is an 80 MHz band including first and second 20 MHz subchannels and a first 40 MHz subchannel. That is, the 80 MHz band may include four 20 MHz subchannels (a primary 20 MHz channel, a secondary 20 MHz channel, a low 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel, and a high 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel).
When the first 20 MHz sub-channel is punctured, the second 20 MHz sub-channel includes a first multiple RU in which first and second 26 resource units (RUs), 52 RU and 106 RU are aggregated, the first 40 MHz subchannel includes 484 RU. In this case, the first and second 26 RUs may be RUs consisting of 26 tones, the 52 RUs may be RUs consisting of 52 tones, the 106 RUs may be RUs consisting of 106 tones, and the 484 RUs may be RUs consisting of 484 tones.
The data field is received through a second multiple RU in which the first multiple RU and the 484 RU are aggregated.
According to the embodiment proposed in this specification, there is a new effect of increasing transmission efficiency and throughput by supporting preamble puncturing and aggregation of RUs of various sizes in Non-OFDMA.
In the present specification, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”. In other words, in the present specification, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, in the present specification, “A, B, or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, C”.
A slash (/) or comma used in the present specification may mean “and/or”. For example, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B, or C”.
In the present specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. In addition, in the present specification, the expression “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted as “at least one of A and B”.
In addition, in the present specification, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, and C”. In addition, “at least one of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and/or C” may mean “at least one of A, B, and C”.
In addition, a parenthesis used in the present specification may mean “for example”. Specifically, when indicated as “control information (EHT-signal)”, it may denote that “EHT-signal” is proposed as an example of the “control information”. In other words, the “control information” of the present specification is not limited to “EHT-signal”, and “EHT-signal” may be proposed as an example of the “control information”. In addition, when indicated as “control information (i.e., EHT-signal)”, it may also mean that “EHT-signal” is proposed as an example of the “control information”.
Technical features described individually in one figure in the present specification may be individually implemented, or may be simultaneously implemented.
The following example of the present specification may be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following example of the present specification may be applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system. For example, the present specification may be applied to the IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac standard or the IEEE 802.11ax standard. In addition, the present specification may also be applied to the newly proposed EHT standard or IEEE 802.11be standard. In addition, the example of the present specification may also be applied to a new WLAN standard enhanced from the EHT standard or the IEEE 802.11be standard. In addition, the example of the present specification may be applied to a mobile communication system. For example, it may be applied to a mobile communication system based on long term evolution (LTE) depending on a 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standard and based on evolution of the LTE. In addition, the example of the present specification may be applied to a communication system of a 5G NR standard based on the 3GPP standard.
Hereinafter, in order to describe a technical feature of the present specification, a technical feature applicable to the present specification will be described.
In the example of
For example, the STAs 110 and 120 may serve as an AP or a non-AP. That is, the STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may serve as the AP and/or the non-AP.
The STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may support various communication standards together in addition to the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, a communication standard (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standard) or the like based on the 3GPP standard may be supported. In addition, the STA of the present specification may be implemented as various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, a personal computer, or the like. In addition, the STA of the present specification may support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communication, and self-driving (autonomous-driving), or the like.
The STAs 110 and 120 of the present specification may include a medium access control (MAC) conforming to the IEEE 802.11 standard and a physical layer interface for a radio medium.
The STAs 110 and 120 will be described below with reference to a sub-figure (a) of
The first STA 110 may include a processor 111, a memory 112, and a transceiver 113. The illustrated process, memory, and transceiver may be implemented individually as separate chips, or at least two blocks/functions may be implemented through a single chip.
The transceiver 113 of the first STA performs a signal transmission/reception operation. Specifically, an IEEE 802.11 packet (e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be, etc.) may be transmitted/received.
For example, the first STA 110 may perform an operation intended by an AP. For example, the processor 111 of the AP may receive a signal through the transceiver 113, process a reception (RX) signal, generate a transmission (TX) signal, and provide control for signal transmission. The memory 112 of the AP may store a signal (e.g., RX signal) received through the transceiver 113, and may store a signal (e.g., TX signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.
For example, the second STA 120 may perform an operation intended by a non-AP STA. For example, a transceiver 123 of a non-AP performs a signal transmission/reception operation. Specifically, an IEEE 802.11 packet (e.g., IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax/be packet, etc.) may be transmitted/received.
For example, a processor 121 of the non-AP STA may receive a signal through the transceiver 123, process an RX signal, generate a TX signal, and provide control for signal transmission. A memory 122 of the non-AP STA may store a signal (e.g., RX signal) received through the transceiver 123, and may store a signal (e.g., TX signal) to be transmitted through the transceiver.
For example, an operation of a device indicated as an AP in the specification described below may be performed in the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, if the first STA 110 is the AP, the operation of the device indicated as the AP may be controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a TX/RX signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110. In addition, if the second STA 120 is the AP, the operation of the device indicated as the AP may be controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a TX/RX signal of the AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120.
For example, in the specification described below, an operation of a device indicated as a non-AP (or user-STA) may be performed in the first STA 110 or the second STA 120. For example, if the second STA 120 is the non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as the non-AP may be controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 123 controlled by the processor 121 of the second STA 120. In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or a TX/RX signal of the non-AP may be stored in the memory 122 of the second STA 120. For example, if the first STA 110 is the non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as the non-AP may be controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110, and a related signal may be transmitted or received through the transceiver 113 controlled by the processor 111 of the first STA 110. In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or a TX/RX signal of the non-AP may be stored in the memory 112 of the first STA 110.
In the specification described below, a device called a (transmitting/receiving) STA, a first STA, a second STA, a STA1, a STA2, an AP, a first AP, a second AP, an AP1, an AP2, a (transmitting/receiving) terminal, a (transmitting/receiving) device, a (transmitting/receiving) apparatus, a network, or the like may imply the STAs 110 and 120 of
The aforementioned device/STA of the sub-figure (a) of
For example, the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in the sub-figure (b) of
A mobile terminal, a wireless device, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile subscriber unit, a user, a user STA, a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, a receiving unit, a transmitting unit, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, a receiving apparatus, and/or a transmitting apparatus, which are described below, may imply the STAs 110 and 120 illustrated in the sub-figure (a)/(b) of
For example, a technical feature in which the receiving STA receives the control signal may be understood as a technical feature in which the control signal is received by means of the transceivers 113 and 123 illustrated in the sub-figure (a) of
Referring to the sub-figure (b) of
The processors 111 and 121 or processing chips 114 and 124 of
In the present specification, an uplink may imply a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an SP STA, and an uplink PPDU/packet/signal or the like may be transmitted through the uplink. In addition, in the present specification, a downlink may imply a link for communication from the AP STA to the non-AP STA, and a downlink PPDU/packet/signal or the like may be transmitted through the downlink.
An upper part of
Referring the upper part of
The BSS may include at least one STA, APs providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS) 210 connecting multiple APs.
The distribution system 210 may implement an extended service set (ESS) 240 extended by connecting the multiple BSSs 200 and 205. The ESS 240 may be used as a term indicating one network configured by connecting one or more APs 225 or 230 through the distribution system 210. The AP included in one ESS 240 may have the same service set identification (SSID).
A portal 220 may serve as a bridge which connects the wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) and another network (e.g., 802.X).
In the BSS illustrated in the upper part of
A lower part of
Referring to the lower part of
In S310, a STA may perform a network discovery operation. The network discovery operation may include a scanning operation of the STA. That is, to access a network, the STA needs to discover a participating network. The STA needs to identify a compatible network before participating in a wireless network, and a process of identifying a network present in a particular area is referred to as scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.
Although not shown in
After discovering the network, the STA may perform an authentication process in S320. The authentication process may be referred to as a first authentication process to be clearly distinguished from the following security setup operation in S340. The authentication process in S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP and the AP transmits an authentication response frame to the STA in response. The authentication frames used for an authentication request/response are management frames.
The authentication frames may include information related to an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a robust security network (RSN), and a finite cyclic group.
The STA may transmit the authentication request frame to the AP. The AP may determine whether to allow the authentication of the STA based on the information included in the received authentication request frame. The AP may provide the authentication processing result to the STA via the authentication response frame.
When the STA is successfully authenticated, the STA may perform an association process in S330. The association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP and the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA in response. The association request frame may include, for example, information related to various capabilities, a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), a supported rate, a supported channel, RSN, a mobility domain, a supported operating class, a traffic indication map (TIM) broadcast request, and an interworking service capability. The association response frame may include, for example, information related to various capabilities, a status code, an association ID (AID), a supported rate, an enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameter set, a received channel power indicator (RCPI), a received signal-to-noise indicator (RSNI), a mobility domain, a timeout interval (association comeback time), an overlapping BSS scanning parameter, a TIM broadcast response, and a QoS map.
In S340, the STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process in S340 may include a process of setting up a private key through four-way handshaking, for example, through an extensible authentication protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame.
As illustrated, various types of PHY protocol data units (PPDUs) are used in IEEE a/g/n/ac standards. Specifically, an LTF and a STF include a training signal, a SIG-A and a SIG-B include control information for a receiving STA, and a data field includes user data corresponding to a PSDU (MAC PDU/aggregated MAC PDU).
As illustrated in
Hereinafter, a resource unit (RU) used for a PPDU is described. An RU may include a plurality of subcarriers (or tones). An RU may be used to transmit a signal to a plurality of STAs according to OFDMA. Further, an RU may also be defined to transmit a signal to one STA. An RU may be used for an STF, an LTF, a data field, or the like.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in the uppermost part of
The layout of the RUs in
Although
Similarly to
As illustrated in
Similarly to
As illustrated in
The RU described in the present specification may be used in uplink (UL) communication and downlink (DL) communication. For example, when UL-MU communication which is solicited by a trigger frame is performed, a transmitting STA (e.g., an AP) may allocate a first RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a first STA through the trigger frame, and may allocate a second RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to a second STA. Thereafter, the first STA may transmit a first trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU, and the second STA may transmit a second trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU. The first/second trigger-based PPDU is transmitted to the AP at the same (or overlapped) time period.
For example, when a DL MU PPDU is configured, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) may allocate the first RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU. etc.) to the first STA, and may allocate the second RU (e.g., 26/52/106/242-RU, etc.) to the second STA. That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) may transmit HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA through the first RU in one MU PPDU, and may transmit HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the second STA through the second RU.
Information related to a layout of the RU may be signaled through HE-SIG-B.
As illustrated, an HE-SIG-B field 810 includes a common field 820 and a user-specific field 830. The common field 820 may include information commonly applied to all users (i.e., user STAs) which receive SIG-B. The user-specific field 830 may be called a user-specific control field. When the SIG-B is transferred to a plurality of users, the user-specific field 830 may be applied only any one of the plurality of users.
As illustrated in
The common field 820 may include RU allocation information of N*8 bits. For example, the RU allocation information may include information related to a location of an RU. For example, when a 20 MHz channel is used as shown in
An example of a case in which the RU allocation information consists of 8 bits is as follows.
As shown the example of
The example of Table 1 shows only some of RU locations capable of displaying the RU allocation information.
For example, the RU allocation information may include an example of Table 2 below.
“01000y2y1y0” relates to an example in which a 106-RU is allocated to the leftmost side of the 20 MHz channel, and five 26-RUs are allocated to the right side thereof. In this case, a plurality of STAs (e.g., user-STAs) may be allocated to the 106-RU, based on an MU-MIMO scheme. Specifically, up to 8 STAs (e.g., user-STAs) may be allocated to the 106-RU, and the number of STAs (e.g., user-STAs) allocated to the 106-RU is determined based on 3-bit information (y2y1y0). For example, when the 3-bit information (y2y1y0) is set to N, the number of STAs (e.g., user-STAs) allocated to the 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO scheme may be N+1.
In general, a plurality of STAs (e.g., user STAs) different from each other may be allocated to a plurality of RUs. However, the plurality of STAs (e.g., user STAs) may be allocated to one or more RUs having at least a specific size (e.g., 106 subcarriers), based on the MU-MIMO scheme.
As shown in
For example, when RU allocation is set to “01000y2y1y0”, a plurality of STAs may be allocated to the 106-RU arranged at the leftmost side through the MU-MIMO scheme, and five user STAs may be allocated to five 26-RUs arranged to the right side thereof through the non-MU MIMO scheme. This case is specified through an example of
For example, when RU allocation is set to “01000010” as shown in
The eight user fields may be expressed in the order shown in
The user fields shown in
Each user field may have the same size (e.g., 21 bits). For example, the user field of the first format (the first of the MU-MIMO scheme) may be configured as follows.
For example, a first bit (i.e., B0-B10) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include identification information (e.g., STA-ID, partial AID, etc.) of a user STA to which a corresponding user field is allocated. In addition, a second bit (i.e., B11-B14) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include information related to a spatial configuration. Specifically, an example of the second bit (i.e., B11-B14) may be as shown in Table 3 and Table 4 below.
As shown in Table 3 and/or Table 4, the second bit (e.g., B11-B14) may include information related to the number of spatial streams allocated to the plurality of user STAs which are allocated based on the MU-MIMO scheme. For example, when three user STAs are allocated to the 106-RU based on the MU-MIMO scheme as shown in
As shown in the example of Table 3 and/or Table 4, information (i.e., the second bit, B11-B14) related to the number of spatial streams for the user STA may consist of 4 bits. In addition, the information (i.e., the second bit, B11-B14) on the number of spatial streams for the user STA may support up to eight spatial streams. In addition, the information (i.e., the second bit, B11-B14) on the number of spatial streams for the user STA may support up to four spatial streams for one user STA.
In addition, a third bit (i.e., B15-18) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. The MCS information may be applied to a data field in a PPDU including corresponding SIG-B.
An MCS, MCS information, an MCS index, an MCS field, or the like used in the present specification may be indicated by an index value. For example, the MCS information may be indicated by an index 0 to an index 11. The MCS information may include information related to a constellation modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM, 1024-QAM, etc.) and information related to a coding rate (e.g., ½, ⅔, ¾, ⅚e, etc.). Information related to a channel coding type (e.g., LCC or LDPC) may be excluded in the MCS information.
In addition, a fourth bit (i.e., B19) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may be a reserved field.
In addition, a fifth bit (i.e., B20) in the user field (i.e., 21 bits) may include information related to a coding type (e.g., BCC or LDPC). That is, the fifth bit (i.e., B20) may include information related to a type (e.g., BCC or LDPC) of channel coding applied to the data field in the PPDU including the corresponding SIG-B.
The aforementioned example relates to the user field of the first format (the format of the MU-MIMO scheme). An example of the user field of the second format (the format of the non-MU-MIMO scheme) is as follows.
A first bit (e.g., B0-B10) in the user field of the second format may include identification information of a user STA. In addition, a second bit (e.g., B11-B13) in the user field of the second format may include information related to the number of spatial streams applied to a corresponding RU. In addition, a third bit (e.g., B14) in the user field of the second format may include information related to whether a beamforming steering matrix is applied. A fourth bit (e.g., B15-B18) in the user field of the second format may include modulation and coding scheme (MCS) information. In addition, a fifth bit (e.g., B19) in the user field of the second format may include information related to whether dual carrier modulation (DCM) is applied. In addition, a sixth bit (i.e., B20) in the user field of the second format may include information related to a coding type (e.g., BCC or LDPC).
TB PPDUs 1041 and 1042 may be transmitted at the same time period, and may be transmitted from a plurality of STAs (e.g., user STAs) having AIDs indicated in the trigger frame 1030. An ACK frame 1050 for the TB PPDU may be implemented in various forms.
A specific feature of the trigger frame is described with reference to
Each field shown in
A frame control field 1110 of
In addition, an RA field 1130 may include address information of a receiving STA of a corresponding trigger frame, and may be optionally omitted. A TA field 1140 may include address information of a STA (e.g., an AP) which transmits the corresponding trigger frame. A common information field 1150 includes common control information applied to the receiving STA which receives the corresponding trigger frame. For example, a field indicating a length of an L-SIG field of an uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame or information for controlling content of a SIG-A field (i.e., HE-SIG-A field) of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame may be included. In addition, as common control information, information related to a length of a CP of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame or information related to a length of an LTF field may be included.
In addition, per user information fields 1160 #1 to 1160 #N corresponding to the number of receiving STAs which receive the trigger frame of
In addition, the trigger frame of
Each of the per user information fields 1160 #1 to 1160 #N shown in
A length field 1210 illustrated has the same value as a length field of an L-SIG field of an uplink PPDU transmitted in response to a corresponding trigger frame, and a length field of the L-SIG field of the uplink PPDU indicates a length of the uplink PPDU. As a result, the length field 1210 of the trigger frame may be used to indicate the length of the corresponding uplink PPDU.
In addition, a cascade identifier field 1220 indicates whether a cascade operation is performed. The cascade operation implies that downlink MU transmission and uplink MU transmission are performed together in the same TXOP. That is, it implies that downlink MU transmission is performed and thereafter uplink MU transmission is performed after a pre-set time (e.g., SIFS). During the cascade operation, only one transmitting device (e.g., AP) may perform downlink communication, and a plurality of transmitting devices (e.g., non-APs) may perform uplink communication.
A CS request field 1230 indicates whether a wireless medium state or a NAV or the like is necessarily considered in a situation where a receiving device which has received a corresponding trigger frame transmits a corresponding uplink PPDU.
An HE-SIG-A information field 1240 may include information for controlling content of a SIG-A field (i.e., HE-SIG-A field) of the uplink PPDU in response to the corresponding trigger frame.
A CP and LTF type field 1250 may include information related to a CP length and LTF length of the uplink PPDU transmitted in response to the corresponding trigger frame. A trigger type field 1260 may indicate a purpose of using the corresponding trigger frame, for example, typical triggering, triggering for beamforming, a request for block ACK/NACK, or the like.
It may be assumed that the trigger type field 1260 of the trigger frame in the present specification indicates a trigger frame of a basic type for typical triggering. For example, the trigger frame of the basic type may be referred to as a basic trigger frame.
A user identifier field 1310 of
In addition, an RU allocation field 1320 may be included. That is, when the receiving STA identified through the user identifier field 1310 transmits a TB PPDU in response to the trigger frame, the TB PPDU is transmitted through an RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320. In this case, the RU indicated by the RU allocation field 1320 may be an RU shown in
The subfield of
In addition, the subfield of
Hereinafter, a UL OFDMA-based random access (UORA) scheme will be described.
A transmitting STA (e.g., an AP) may allocate six RU resources through a trigger frame as shown in
In the example of
Specifically, since the STA1 of
The 2.4 GHz band may be called in other terms such as a first band. In addition, the 2.4 GHz band may imply a frequency domain in which channels of which a center frequency is close to 2.4 GHz (e.g., channels of which a center frequency is located within 2.4 to 2.5 GHz) are used/supported/defined.
A plurality of 20 MHz channels may be included in the 2.4 GHz band. 20 MHz within the 2.4 GHz may have a plurality of channel indices (e.g., an index 1 to an index 14). For example, a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which a channel index 1 is allocated may be 2.412 GHz, a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which a channel index 2 is allocated may be 2.417 GHz, and a center frequency of a 20 MHz channel to which a channel index N is allocated may be (2.407+0.005*N) GHz. The channel index may be called in various terms such as a channel number or the like. Specific numerical values of the channel index and center frequency may be changed.
The 5 GHz band may be called in other terms such as a second band or the like. The 5 GHz band may imply a frequency domain in which channels of which a center frequency is greater than or equal to 5 GHz and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used/supported/defined. Alternatively, the 5 GHz band may include a plurality of channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. A specific numerical value shown in
A plurality of channels within the 5 GHz band include an unlicensed national information infrastructure (UNII)-1, a UNII-2, a UNII-3, and an ISM. The INII-1 may be called UNII Low. The UNII-2 may include a frequency domain called UNII Mid and UNII-2Extended. The UNII-3 may be called UNII-Upper.
A plurality of channels may be configured within the 5 GHz band, and a bandwidth of each channel may be variously set to, for example, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or the like. For example, 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domains/ranges within the UNII-1 and UNII-2 may be divided into eight 20 MHz channels. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domains/ranges may be divided into four channels through a 40 MHz frequency domain. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domains/ranges may be divided into two channels through an 80 MHz frequency domain. Alternatively, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domains/ranges may be divided into one channel through a 160 MHz frequency domain.
The 6 GHz band may be called in other terms such as a third band or the like. The 6 GHz band may imply a frequency domain in which channels of which a center frequency is greater than or equal to 5.9 GHz are used/supported/defined. A specific numerical value shown in
For example, the 20 MHz channel of
Accordingly, an index (or channel number) of the 2 MHz channel of
Although 20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz channels are illustrated in the example of
Hereinafter, a PPDU transmitted/received in a STA of the present specification will be described.
The PPDU of
The PPDU of
In
A subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields of
In the PPDU of
The L-SIG field of
For example, the transmitting STA may apply BCC encoding based on a ½ coding rate to the 24-bit information of the L-SIG field. Thereafter, the transmitting STA may obtain a BCC coding bit of 48 bits. BPSK modulation may be applied to the 48-bit coding bit, thereby generating 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA may map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions except for a pilot subcarrier{subcarrier index −21, −7, +7, +21} and a DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols may be mapped to subcarrier indices −26 to −22, −20 to −8, −6 to −1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA may additionally map a signal of {−1, −1, −1, 1} to a subcarrier index{−28, −27, +27, +28}.
The aforementioned signal may be used for channel estimation on a frequency domain corresponding to {−28, −27, +27, +28}.
The transmitting STA may generate an RL-SIG generated in the same manner as the L-SIG. BPSK modulation may be applied to the RL-SIG. The receiving STA may know that the RX PPDU is the HE PPDU or the EHT PPDU, based on the presence of the RL-SIG.
A universal SIG (U-SIG) may be inserted after the RL-SIG of
The U-SIG may include information of N bits, and may include information for identifying a type of the EHT PPDU. For example, the U-SIG may be configured based on two symbols (e.g., two contiguous OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol) for the U-SIG may have a duration of 4 μs. Each symbol of the U-SIG may be used to transmit the 26-bit information. For example, each symbol of the U-SIG may be transmitted/received based on 52 data tomes and 4 pilot tones.
Through the U-SIG (or U-SIG field), for example, A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) may be transmitted. A first symbol of the U-SIG may transmit first X-bit information (e.g., 26 un-coded bits) of the A-bit information, and a second symbol of the U-SIB may transmit the remaining Y-bit information (e.g. 26 un-coded bits) of the A-bit information. For example, the transmitting STA may obtain 26 un-coded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA may perform convolutional encoding (i.e., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=½ to generate 52-coded bits, and may perform interleaving on the 52-coded bits. The transmitting STA may perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols to be allocated to each U-SIG symbol. One U-SIG symbol may be transmitted based on 65 tones (subcarriers) from a subcarrier index −28 to a subcarrier index +28, except for a DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA may be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) except for pilot tones, i.e., tones −21, −7, +7, +21.
For example, the A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) generated by the U-SIG may include a CRC field (e.g., a field having a length of 4 bits) and a tail field (e.g., a field having a length of 6 bits). The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits except for the CRC/tail fields in the second symbol, and may be generated based on the conventional CRC calculation algorithm. In addition, the tail field may be used to terminate trellis of a convolutional decoder, and may be set to, for example, “000000”.
The A-bit information (e.g., 52 un-coded bits) transmitted by the U-SIG (or U-SIG field) may be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the version-independent bits may have a fixed or variable size. For example, the version-independent bits may be allocated only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the version-independent bits may be allocated to both of the first and second symbols of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits may be called in various terms such as a first control bit, a second control bit, or the like.
For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a PHY version identifier of 3 bits. For example, the PHY version identifier of 3 bits may include information related to a PHY version of a TX/RX PPDU. For example, a first value of the PHY version identifier of 3 bits may indicate that the TX/RX PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In other words, when the transmitting STA transmits the EHT PPDU, the PHY version identifier of 3 bits may be set to a first value. In other words, the receiving STA may determine that the RX PPDU is the EHT PPDU, based on the PHY version identifier having the first value.
For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a UL/DL flag field of 1 bit. A first value of the UL/DL flag field of 1 bit relates to UL communication, and a second value of the UL/DL flag field relates to DL communication.
For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include information related to a TXOP length and information related to a BSS color ID.
For example, when the EHT PPDU is divided into various types (e.g., various types such as an EHT PPDU related to an SU mode, an EHT PPDU related to an MU mode, an EHT PPDU related to a TB mode, an EHT PPDU related to extended range transmission, or the like), information related to the type of the EHT PPDU may be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.
For example, the U-SIG may include: 1) a bandwidth field including information related to a bandwidth; 2) a field including information related to an MCS scheme applied to EHT-SIG; 3) an indication field including information regarding whether a dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) scheme is applied to EHT-SIG; 4) a field including information related to the number of symbol used for EHT-SIG; 5) a field including information regarding whether the EHT-SIG is generated across a full band; 6) a field including information related to a type of EHT-LTF/STF; and 7) information related to a field indicating an EHT-LTF length and a CP length.
Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of
For example, a pattern of the preamble puncturing may be configured in advance. For example, when a first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when a second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied to only any one of two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when a third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing may be applied to only the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). For example, when a fourth puncturing is applied, puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel not belonging to a primary 40 MHz band in the presence of the primary 40 MHz band included in the 80 MHaz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band).
Information related to the preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in U-SIG and/or EHT-SIG. For example, a first field of the U-SIG may include information related to a contiguous bandwidth, and second field of the U-SIG may include information related to the preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU.
For example, the U-SIG and the EHT-SIG may include the information related to the preamble puncturing, based on the following method. When a bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIG may be configured individually in unit of 80 MHz. For example, when the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for a first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for a second 80 MHz band. In this case, a first field of the first U-SIG may include information related to a 160 MHz bandwidth, and a second field of the first U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) applied to the first 80 MHz band. In addition, a first field of the second U-SIG may include information related to a 160 MHz bandwidth, and a second field of the second U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) applied to the second 80 MHz band. Meanwhile, an EHT-SIG contiguous to the first U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern), and an EHT-SIG contiguous to the second U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) applied to the first 80 MHz band.
Additionally or alternatively, the U-SIG and the EHT-SIG may include the information related to the preamble puncturing, based on the following method. The U-SIG may include information related to a preamble puncturing (i.e., information related to a preamble puncturing pattern) for all bands. That is, the EHT-SIG may not include the information related to the preamble puncturing, and only the U-SIG may include the information related to the preamble puncturing (i.e., the information related to the preamble puncturing pattern).
The U-SIG may be configured in unit of 20 MHz. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, the U-SIG may be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs may be included in the 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding an 80 MHz bandwidth may include different U-SIGs.
The U-SIG may be configured in unit of 20 MHz. For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, the U-SIG may be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs may be included in the 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding an 80 MHz bandwidth may include different U-SIGs.
The EHT-SIG of
The EHT-SIG may include a technical feature of the HE-SIG-B described with reference to
As in the example of
As in the example of
As in the example of
The example of Table 5 to Table 7 is an example of 8-bit (or N-bit) information for various RU allocations. An index shown in each table may be modified, and some entries in Table 5 to Table 7 may be omitted, and entries (not shown) may be added.
The example of Table 5 to Table 7 relates to information related to a location of an RU allocated to a 20 MHz band. For example, ‘an index 0’ of Table 5 may be used in a situation where nine 26-RUs are individually allocated (e.g., in a situation where nine 26-RUs shown in
Meanwhile, a plurality or RUs may be allocated to one STA in the EHT system. For example, regarding ‘an index 60’ of Table 6, one 26-RU may be allocated for one user (i.e., receiving STA) to the leftmost side of the 20 MHz band, one 26-RU and one 52-RU may be allocated to the right side thereof, and five 26-RUs may be individually allocated to the right side thereof.
A mode in which the common field of the EHT-SIG is omitted may be supported. The mode in the common field of the EHT-SIG is omitted may be called a compressed mode. When the compressed mode is used, a plurality of users (i.e., a plurality of receiving STAs) may decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU), based on non-OFDMA. That is, the plurality of users of the EHT PPDU may decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) received through the same frequency band. Meanwhile, when a non-compressed mode is used, the plurality of users of the EHT PPDU may decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU), based on OFDMA. That is, the plurality of users of the EHT PPDU may receive the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) through different frequency bands.
The EHT-SIG may be configured based on various MCS schemes. As described above, information related to an MCS scheme applied to the EHT-SIG may be included in U-SIG. The EHT-SIG may be configured based on a DCM scheme. For example, among N data tones (e.g., 52 data tones) allocated for the EHT-SIG, a first modulation scheme may be applied to half of consecutive tones, and a second modulation scheme may be applied to the remaining half of the consecutive tones. That is, a transmitting STA may use the first modulation scheme to modulate specific control information through a first symbol and allocate it to half of the consecutive tones, and may use the second modulation scheme to modulate the same control information by using a second symbol and allocate it to the remaining half of the consecutive tones. As described above, information (e.g., a 1-bit field) regarding whether the DCM scheme is applied to the EHT-SIG may be included in the U-SIG. An HE-STF of
The EHT-STF of
The EHT-STF may be configured based on the following sequence M.
M={−1,−1,−1,1,1,1,−1,1,1,1,−1,1,1,−1,1} <Equation 1>
The EHT-STF for the 20 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be a first type (i.e., 1×STF) sequence. For example, the first type sequence may be included in not a trigger-based (TB) PPDU but an EHT-PPDU. In the following equation, (a:b:c) may imply a duration defined as b tone intervals (i.e., a subcarrier interval) from a tone index (i.e., subcarrier index) ‘a’ to a tone index ‘c’. For example, the equation 2 below may represent a sequence defined as 16 tone intervals from a tone index −112 to a tone index 112. Since a subcarrier spacing of 78.125 kHz is applied to the EHT-STR, the 16 tone intervals may imply that an EHT-STF coefficient (or element) is arranged with an interval of 78.125*16=1250 kHz. In addition, * implies multiplication, and sqrt( ) implies a square root. In addition, j implies an imaginary number.
EHT-STF(−112:16:112)={M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 2>
EHT-STF(0)=0
The EHT-STF for the 40 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be the first type (i.e., 1×STF) sequence.
EHT-STF(−240:16:240)={M,0,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 3>
The EHT-STF for the 80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be the first type (i.e., 1×STF) sequence.
EHT-STF(−496:16:496)={M,1,−M,0,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 4>
The EHT-STF for the 160 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation. The following example may be the first type (i.e., 1×STF) sequence.
EHT-STF(−1008:16:1008)={M,1,−M,0,−M,1,−M,0,−M,−1,M,0,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 5>
In the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU, a sequence for lower 80 MHz may be identical to Equation 4. In the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU, a sequence for upper 80 MHz may be configured based on the following equation.
EHT-STF(−496:16:496)={−M,−1,M,0,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 6>
Equation 7 to Equation 11 below relate to an example of a second type (i.e., 2×STF) sequence.
EHT-STF(−120:8:120)={M,0,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 7>
The EHT-STF for the 40 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
EHT-STF(−248:8:248)={M,−1,−M,0,M,−1,M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 8>
EHT-STF(−248)=0
EHT-STF(248)=0
The EHT-STF for the 80 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
EHT-STF(−504:8:504)={M,−1,M,−1,−M,−1,M,0,−M,1,M,1,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 9>
The EHT-STF for the 160 MHz PPDU may be configured based on the following equation.
EHT-STF(−1016:16:1016)={M,−1,M,−1,−M,−1,M,0,−M,1,M,1,−M,1,−M,0,−M,1,−M,1,M,1,−M,0,−M,1,M,1,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 10>
EHT-STF(−8)=0, EHT-STF(8)=0,
EHT-STF(−1016)=0, EHT-STF(1016)=0
In the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU, a sequence for lower 80 MHz may be identical to Equation 9. In the EHT-STF for the 80+80 MHz PPDU, a sequence for upper 80 MHz may be configured based on the following equation.
EHT-STF(−504:8:504)={−M,1,−M,1,M,1,−M,0,−M,1,M,1,−M,1,−M}*(1+j)/sqrt(2) <Equation 11>
EHT-STF(−504)=0,
EHT-STF(504)=0
The EHT-LTF may have first, second, and third types (i.e., 1×, 2×, 4×LTF). For example, the first/second/third type LTF may be generated based on an LTF sequence in which a non-zero coefficient is arranged with an interval of 4/2/1 subcarriers. The first/second/third type LTF may have a time length of 3.2/6.4/12.8 μs. In addition, a GI (e.g., 0.8/1/6/3.2 μs) having various lengths may be applied to the first/second/third type LTF.
Information related to a type of STF and/or LTF (information related to a GI applied to LTF is also included) may be included in a SIG-A field and/or SIG-B field or the like of
A PPDU (e.g., EHT-PPDU) of
For example, an EHT PPDU transmitted on a 20 MHz band, i.e., a 20 MHz EHT PPDU, may be configured based on the RU of
An EHT PPDU transmitted on a 40 MHz band, i.e., a 40 MHz EHT PPDU, may be configured based on the RU of
Since the RU location of
When the pattern of
A tone-plan for 160/240/320 MHz may be configured in such a manner that the pattern of
The PPDU of
A receiving STA may determine a type of an RX PPDU as the EHT PPDU, based on the following aspect. For example, the RX PPDU may be determined as the EHT PPDU: 1) when a first symbol after an L-LTF signal of the RX PPDU is a BPSK symbol; 2) when RL-SIG in which the L-SIG of the RX PPDU is repeated is detected; and 3) when a result of applying “modulo 3” to a value of a length field of the L-SIG of the RX PPDU is detected as “0”. When the RX PPDU is determined as the EHT PPDU, the receiving STA may detect a type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., an SU/MU/Trigger-based/Extended Range type), based on bit information included in a symbol after the RL-SIG of
For example, the receiving STA may determine the type of the RX PPDU as the EHT PPDU, based on the following aspect. For example, the RX PPDU may be determined as the HE PPDU: 1) when a first symbol after an L-LTF signal is a BPSK symbol; 2) when RL-SIG in which the L-SIG is repeated is detected; and 3) when a result of applying “modulo 3” to a value of a length field of the L-SIG is detected as “1” or “2”.
For example, the receiving STA may determine the type of the RX PPDU as a non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU, based on the following aspect. For example, the RX PPDU may be determined as the non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU: 1) when a first symbol after an L-LTF signal is a BPSK symbol; and 2) when RL-SIG in which L-SIG is repeated is not detected. In addition, even if the receiving STA detects that the RL-SIG is repeated, when a result of applying “modulo 3” to the length value of the L-SIG is detected as “0”, the RX PPDU may be determined as the non-HT, HT, and VHT PPDU.
In the following example, a signal represented as a (TX/RX/UL/DL) signal, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) frame, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) packet, a (TX/RX/UL/DL) data unit, (TX/RX/UL/DL) data, or the like may be a signal transmitted/received based on the PPDU of
Each device/STA of the sub-figure (a)/(b) of
A processor 610 of
A memory 620 of
Referring to
Referring to
In the present specification, a tone plan relates to a rule for determining a size of a resource unit (RU) and/or a location of the RU. Hereinafter, a PPDU based on the IEEE 802.11ax standard, that is, a tone plan applied to an HE PPDU, will be described. In other words, hereinafter, the RU size and RU location applied to the HE PPDU are described, and control information related to the RU applied to the HE PPDU is described.
In the present specification, control information related to an RU (or control information related to a tone plan) may include a size and location of the RU, information of a user STA allocated to a specific RU, a frequency bandwidth for a PPDU in which the RU is included, and/or control information on a modulation scheme applied to the specific RU. The control information related to the RU may be included in a SIG field. For example, in the IEEE 802.11ax standard, the control information related to the RU is included in an HE-SIG-B field. That is, in a process of generating a TX PPDU, a transmitting STA may allow the control information on the RU included in the PPDU to be included in the HE-SIG-B field. In addition, a receiving STA may receive an HE-SIG-B included in an RX PPDU and obtain control information included in the HE-SIG-B, so as to determine whether there is an RU allocated to the receiving STA and decode the allocated RU, based on the HE-SIG-B.
In the IEEE 802.11ax standard, HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields may be configured in unit of RUs. That is, when a first RU for a first receiving STA is configured, STF/LTF/data fields for the first receiving STA may be transmitted/received through the first RU.
In the IEEE 802.11ax standard, a PPDU (i.e., SU PPDU) for one receiving STA and a PPDU (i.e., MU PPDU) for a plurality of receiving STAs are separately defined, and respective tone plans are separately defined. Specific details will be described below.
The RU defined in 11ax may include a plurality of subcarriers. For example, when the RU includes N subcarriers, it may be expressed by an N-tone RU or N RUs. A location of a specific RU may be expressed by a subcarrier index. The subcarrier index may be defined in unit of a subcarrier frequency spacing. In the 11ax standard, the subcarrier frequency spacing is 312.5 kHz or 78.125 kHz, and the subcarrier frequency spacing for the RU is 78.125 kHz. That is, a subcarrier index+1 for the RU may mean a location which is more increased by 78.125 kHz than a DC tone, and a subcarrier index −1 for the RU may mean a location which is more decreased by 78.125 kHz than the DC tone. For example, when the location of the specific RU is expressed by [−121:−96], the RU may be located in a region from a subcarrier index −121 to a subcarrier index −96. As a result, the RU may include 26 subcarriers.
The N-tone RU may include a pre-set pilot tone.
A subcarrier and resource allocation in the 802.11ax system will be described.
An OFDM symbol consists of subcarriers, and the number of subcarriers may function as a bandwidth of a PPDU. In the WLAN 802.11 system, a data subcarrier used for data transmission, a pilot subcarrier used for phase information and parameter tacking, and an unused subcarrier not used for data transmission and pilot transmission are defined.
An HE MU PPDU which uses OFDMA transmission may be transmitted by mixing a 26-tone RU, a 52-tone RU, a 106-tone RU, a 242-tone RU, a 484-tone RU, and a 996-tone RU.
Herein, the 26-tone RU consists of 24 data subcarriers and 2 pilot subcarriers. The 52-tone RU consists of 48 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers. The 106-tone RU consists of 102 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers. The 242-tone RU consists of 234 data subcarriers and 8 pilot subcarriers. The 484-tone RU consists of 468 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers. The 996-tone RU consists of 980 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers.
1) Null Subcarrier
As shown in
A null subcarrier location for each 80 MHz frequency segment of the 80+80 MHz HE PPDU shall follow the location of the 80 MHz HE PPDU.
2) Pilot Subcarrier
If a pilot subcarrier exists in an HE-LTF field of HE SU PPDU, HE MU PPDU, HE ER SU PPDU, or HE TB PPDU, a location of a pilot sequence in an HE-LTF field and data field may be the same as a location of 4×HE-LTF. In 1×HE-LTF, the location of the pilot sequence in HE-LTF is configured based on pilot subcarriers for a data field multiplied 4 times. If the pilot subcarrier exists in 2×HE-LTF, the location of the pilot subcarrier shall be the same as a location of a pilot in a 4× data symbol. All pilot subcarriers are located at even-numbered indices listed below.
At 160 MHz or 80+80 MHz, the location of the pilot subcarrier shall use the same 80 MHz location for 80 MHz of both sides.
In an 802.11ax wireless local area network (WLAN) system, transmission procedures (or transmit procedures) in a physical layer (PHY) include a procedure for an HE Single User (SU) PPDU, a transmission procedure for an HE extended range (ER) SU PPDU, a transmission procedure for an HE Multi User (MU) PPDU, and a transmission procedure for an HE trigger-based (TB) PPDU. A FORMAT field of a PHY-TXSTART.request(TXVECTOR) may be the same as HE_SU, HE_MU, HE_ER_SU or HE_TB. The transmission procedures do not describe operations of optional features, such as Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM). Among the diverse transmission procedures,
In order to transmit data, the MAC generates a PHY-TXSTART.request primitive, which causes a PHY entity to enter a transmit state. Additionally, the PHY is configured to operate in an appropriate frequency via station management through PLME. Other transmission parameters, such as HE-MCS, coding type, and transmission power are configured through a PHY-SAP by using a PHY-TXSTART.request(TXVECTOR) primitive. After transmitting a PPDU that transfers (or communicates) a trigger frame, a MAC sublayer may issue a PHY-TRIGGER.request together with a TRIGVECTOR parameter, which provides information needed for demodulating an HE TB PPDU response that is expected of the PHY entity.
The PHY indicates statuses of a primary channel and another channel via PHY-CCA.indication. The transmission of a PPDU should be started by the PHY after receiving the PHY-TXSTART.request(TXVECTOR) primitive.
After a PHY preamble transmission is started, the PHY entity immediately initiates data scrambling and data encoding. An encoding method for the data field is based on FEC_CODING, CH_BANDWIDTH, NUM_STS, STBC, MCS, and NUM_USERS parameters of the TXVECTOR.
A SERVICE field and a PSDU are encoded in a transmitter (or transmitting device) block diagram, which will be described later on. Data should be exchanged between the MAC and the PHY through a PHY-DATA.request(DATA) primitive that is issued by the MAC and PHY-DATA.confirm primitives that are issued by the PHY. A PHY padding bit is applied to the PSDU in order to set a number of bits of the coded PSDU to be an integer multiple of a number of coded bits per OFDM symbol.
The transmission is swiftly (or quickly) ended by the MAC through a PHY-TXEND.request primitive. The PSDU transmission is ended upon receiving a PHY-TXEND.request primitive. Each PHY-TXEND.request primitive mat notify its reception together with a PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive from the PHY.
A packet extension and/or a signal extension may exist in a PPDU. A PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive is generated at an actual end time of a most recent PPDU, an end time of a packet extension, and an end time of a signal extension.
In the PHY, a Guard Interval (GI) that is indicated together with a GI duration in a GI TYPE parameter of the TXVECTOR is inserted in all data OFDM symbols as a solution for a delay spread.
If the PPDU transmission is completed, the PHY entity enters a receive state.
In order to generate each field of the HE PPDU, the following block diagrams are used.
a) pre-FEC PHY padding
b) Scrambler
c) FEC (BCC or LDPC) encoders
d) post-FEC PHY padding
e) Stream parser
f) Segment parser (for contiguous 160 MHz and non-contiguous 80+80 MHz transmission)
g) BCC interleaver
h) Constellation mapper
i) DCM tone mapper
j) Pilot insertion
k) Replication over multiple 20 MHz (for BW>20 MHz)
l) Multiplication by 1st column of PHE-LTF
m) LDPC tone mapper
n) Segment deparser
o) Space time block code (STBC) encoder for one spatial stream
p) Cyclic shift diversity (CSD) per STS insertion
q) Spatial mapper
r) Frequency mapping
s) Inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT)
t) Cyclic shift diversity (CSD) per chain insertion
u) Guard interval (GI) insertion
v) Windowing
Referring to
A stream parser divides the data bitstream encoded by the LDPC encoder into a plurality of spatial streams. At this time, an encoded data bitstream divided into each spatial stream may be referred to as a spatial block. The number of spatial blocks may be determined by the number of spatial streams used to transmit a PPDU and may be set to be equal to the number of spatial streams.
The stream parser divides each spatial block into at least one or more data segments. As shown in
In HE_MU transmission, except that cyclic shift diversity (CSD) is performed based on the information on a space-time stream start index for the corresponding user, a PPDU encoding processor is run independently in a Resource Unit (RU) for each user even for an input to a space mapping block. All the user data of the RU are mapped by being coupled to a transmission chain of the space mapping block.
In the 802.11ax, phase rotation may be applied to the field from the legacy preamble to the field just before the HE-STF, and a phase rotation value may be defined in units of 20 MHz bands. In other words, phase rotation may be applied to L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, HE-SIG-A, and HE-SIG-B among fields of the HE PPDU defined in the 802.11ax.
The L-STF field of the HE PPDU may be constructed as follows.
The L-LTF field of the HE PPDU may be constructed as follows.
The L-SIG field of the HE PPDU may be constructed as follows.
The RL-SIG field of the HE PPDU may be constructed as follows.
In the wireless LAN 802.11 system, to increase peak throughput, it is considered to use a wider band than the existing 11ax or to transmit an increased stream by using more antennas. In addition, the present specification also considers a method of aggregating multiple links or aggregating multiple RUs and allocating them to one STA for transmission.
In this specification, a method of allocating and transmitting multiple RUs to one STA is considered, and in this case, a method of aggregating RUs in various bandwidths is proposed. In particular, the present specification focuses on non-OFDMA transmission (i.e. SU transmission and MU-MIMO transmission).
The RUs of various sizes proposed in existing 802.11ax are as follows.
26/52/106/242/484/996/2×996 RU
In the present specification, it is assumed that an RU having tones less than 242 is a small-RU and an RU having tones more that 242 is a large-RU.
Meanwhile, in the existing 802.11ax, preamble puncturing was not considered during non-OFDMA transmission, but in 802.11be, preamble puncturing was introduced in non-OFDMA transmission to improve efficiency. This may be 20 MHz-based puncturing like preamble puncturing in OFDMA of 802.11ax. In this case, RU aggregation for non-OFDMA transmission is essential, and this specification proposes it in each bandwidth situation. However, it is assumed that the preamble puncturing portion does not exceed 50% of the total bandwidth.
4.1. 80 MHz
Although it is assumed in
If it is assumed that P20 is the position of S20 in
(26-11, 52-6, 26-14, 106-4) or (52-6, 26-14, 106-4) or (26-11, 52-6, 106-4) or (52-6, 106-4)
If 20 MHz of the highest frequency is preamble punctured, the following combination can be additionally considered at 20 MHz of the second high frequency.
(106-5, 26-24, 52-11, 26-27) or (106-5, 26-24, 52-11) or (106-5, 52-11, 26-27) or (106-5, 52-11)
If 20 MHz of the second high frequency is preamble punctured, the following combination can be additionally considered at 20 MHz of the highest frequency.
(26-30, 52-14, 26-33, 106-8) or (52-14, 26-33, 106-8) or (26-30, 52-14, 106-8) or (52-14, 106-8)
In particular, since some tones in the 242-tone RU of the second and third 20 MHz channels of 80 MHz are located in the adjacent 20 MHz channel, the above combination may be more useful.
In this specification, a combination of these small-RUs will be referred to as n20 RU.
In other words, 484-tone RUs (484-tone RUs in the corresponding 40 MHz in the 80 MHz tone plan) can be used for transmission at lower 40 MHz or higher 40 MHz that is not preamble punctured within 80 MHz, and 20 MHz adjacent to 20 MHz with preamble puncturing can be transmitted during transmission. n20 RUs (combinations of 106, 26, 52, and 26-tone RUs in the corresponding 20 MHz in the 80 MHz tone plan) can be used. This can be applied as it is to each 80 MHz subchannel in the various bandwidths below.
In consideration of such preamble puncturing, various forms of non-OFDMA transmission of 80 MHz can be considered as shown in
In consideration of the example of
Additionally, the preamble puncturing of
In consideration of the example of
The various RU combinations are summarized below, and the order and position of the RUs in each combination may be changed. The meaning of parentheses means the RU combination of each 80 MHz. That is, the order and position of the RUs may be changed within parentheses (ie, within each 80 MHz), and the order and position of the parentheses may also be changed (ie, the position and sequence diagram of each 80 MHz). Since it is 80 MHz, there is only one parenthesis for each combination.
(n20+n20), (484+n20), (996)
4.2. 160/80+80 MHz
1) In P80, 4.1. Two combinations of the proposed PC60 and PC40 in 80 MHz transmission can be considered. In addition, the case of transmitting only the Primary 40 (P40) among P80s can be considered, and transmission using 484 RUs (which will be referred to as PC40 with a combination of n20+n20 RUs) is possible. In addition, transmission using n20 RU in which only P20 is used may be considered, and this will be referred to as PC20. In addition, transmission using 996 RU in which the entire P80 is used may be considered, and this will be referred to as PC80.
2) When preamble puncturing in the existing 802.11ax is considered, at least one 20 MHz puncturing need not be performed in S80. In this case, S80 may consider various combinations of RUs as follows.
n20 RU: this will be referred to as SC20.
484 RU, n20+n20 RU: this will be referred to as SC40.
484+n20 RU: this will be referred to as SC60.
996 RU: this will be referred to as SC80.
In this situation, considering the preamble puncturing of 160/80+80 MHz, various combinations can be proposed as follows, which is a case where 50% or more of channels that are not always punctured.
PC40+SC40, PC40+SC60, PC40+SC80, PC60+SC20, PC60+SC40, PC60+SC60, PC60+SC80
PC20+SC60, PC20+SC80, PC80+SC20, PC80+SC40, PC80+SC60, PC80+SC80 (or 996+996 RU or 2×996 RU)
The meaning of the underline above is to indicate only representative combinations, excluding duplicates, among all combinations. If PC40+SC60 is expressed as RU, it is (484RU)+(484+n20RU) or (n20+n20RU)+(484+n20RU), and if PC60+SC40 is expressed as RU, it is (484+n20RU)+(484RU) or (484)+n20RU)+(n20+n20RU). The meaning of parentheses means a combination within an 80 MHz channel. Therefore, the combination of PC40+SC60 and PC60+SC40 is the same, and one can be excluded. Of course, only the combination of RUs is the same, and since the RUs used in each primary channel and secondary channel are different in the two situations, the two situations may always occur. It means that it is overlapped only in terms of RU combinations. All combinations of oblique underscores below have the same meaning.
The various RU combinations are summarized below, and the order and position of the RUs in each combination may be changed. The meaning of parentheses means the RU combination of each 80 MHz. That is, the order and position of the RUs may be changed within parentheses (i.e., within each 80 MHz), and the order and position of the parentheses may also be changed (i.e., the position and sequence diagram of each 80 MHz).
(n20)+(484+n20), (n20)+(996), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20), (n20+n20)+(484), (484)+(484), (n20+n20)+(484+n20), (484)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(996), (484)+(996), (484+n20)+(484+n20), (484+n20)+(996), (996)+(996)/2×996
4.3. 240/160+80 MHz
It is assumed that the 240/160+80 MHz channel is fixed to three specific 80 MHz channels. In this case, the 240/160+80 MHz channel configuration can consider the following three cases. For the 240/160+80 MHz tone plan, the 80 MHz tone plan is repeated three times.
Case 1: Primary 80 (P80)+Secondary 80 (S80)+Lower 80 (L80)
Case 2: Primary 80 (P80)+Secondary 80 (S80)+Higher 80 (H80)
Case 3: Primary 80 (P80)+Lower 80 (L80)+Higher 80 (H80)
P80 and S80 consist of Primary 160 (P160), and L80 and H80 consist of Secondary 160 (S160).
For 240/160+80 MHz derived from contiguous 320 MHz, only contiguous 240 MHz can be considered, which is shown in
For 240/160+80 MHz derived from non-contiguous 160+160 MHz, only non-contiguous 160+80 MHz can be considered, as shown in
1) In the three cases, the combination of RUs in P80 can be used as combinations suggested in 4.1. and 4.2.
2) In Case 1, at least one 20 MHz in L80 should not be punctured, so the RU combination in S80 suggested in 4.2. can be used as it is. If at least one 20 MHz is not punctured in S80 in Case 1, the RU combination in S80 proposed in 4.2. can be used as it is. Various RU combinations in the total bandwidth in Case 1 can be proposed as follows. This is a case where the number of channels that are not always punctured is 50% or more.
When all S80s are punctured
PC40+SC80, PC60+SC60, PC60+SC80
PC80+SC40, PC80+SC60, PC80+SC80 (or 996+996 RU or 2×996 RU)
If at least one 20 MHz is not punctured in S80
PC40+SC20+SC60, PC40+SC20+SC80, PC40+SC40+SC40, PC40+SC40+SC60, PC40+SC40+SC80, PC40+SC60+SC20, PC40+SC60+SC40, PC40+SC60+SC60, PC40+SC60+SC80, PC40+SC80+SC20, PC40+SC80+SC40, PC40+SC80+SC60, PC40+SC80+SC80, PC60+SC20+SC40, PC60+SC20+SC60, PC60+SC20+SC80, PC60+SC40+SC20, PC60+SC40+SC40, PC60+SC40+SC60, PC60+SC40+SC80, PC60+SC60+SC20, PC60+SC60+SC40, PC60+SC60+SC60, PC60+SC60+SC80, PC60+SC80+SC20, PC60+SC80+SC40, PC60+SC80+SC60, PC60+SC80+SC80
PC20+SC20+SC80, PC20+SC40+SC60, PC20+SC40+SC80, PC20+SC60+SC40, PC20+SC60+SC60, PC20+SC60+SC80, PC20+SC80+SC20, PC20+SC80+SC40, PC20+SC80+SC60, PC20+SC80+SC80, PC80+SC20+SC20, PC80+SC20+SC40, PC80+SC20+SC60, PC80+SC20+SC80, PC80+SC40+SC20, PC80+SC40+SC40, PC80+SC40+SC60, PC80+SC40+SC80, PC80+SC60+SC20, PC80+SC60+SC40, PC80+SC60+SC60, PC80+SC60+SC80, PC80+SC80+SC20, PC80+SC80+SC40, PC80+SC80+SC60, PC80+SC80+SC80 (or 996+996+996 RU or 996+2×996 RU or 3×996 RU)
2) In Case 2, at least one 20 MHz in H80 should not be punctured, so the RU combination in S80 suggested in 4.2. can be used as it is. In Case 2, if at least one 20 MHz is not punctured in S80, the RU combination in S80 proposed in 4.2. may be used as it is. Therefore, in Case 2, various RU combinations in the total bandwidth are the same as in Case 1.
3) In Case 3, at least one 20 MHz should not be punctured in S160, which means that one 20 MHz is not necessarily punctured in 80 MHz of either L80 or H80, and All other 80 MHz may be punctured or may not be punctured. Therefore, in case 3, various RU combinations in the total bandwidth are the same as in case 1.
The various RU combinations are summarized below, and the order and position of the RUs in each combination may be changed. The meaning of parentheses means the RU combination of each 80 MHz. That is, the order and position of the RUs may be changed within parentheses (i.e., within each 80 MHz), and the order and position of the parentheses may also be changed (i.e., the position and sequence diagram of each 80 MHz).
(n20+n20)+(996), (484)+(996), (484+n20)+(484+n20), (484+n20)+(996), (996)+(996)/2×996
(n20)+(n20)+(996), (n20)+(n20+n20)+(484+n20), (n20)+(484)+(484+n20), (n20)+(n20+n20)+(996), (n20)+(484)+(996), (n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20)+(996)+(996), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(n20+n20), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(484), (n20+n20)+(484)+(484), (484)+(484)+(484), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(448)+(484+n20), (448)+(448)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(996), (n20+n20)+(448)+(996), (448)+(448)+(996), (n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (484)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (484)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20+n20)+(996)+(996), (484)+(996)+(996), (484+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (484+n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (484+n20)+(996)+(996), (996)+(996)+(996)/2×996+996/3×996
4.4. 320/160+160 MHz
In 320/160+160 MHz, the preamble puncturing pattern may vary depending on the channel configuration of 240/160+80 MHz, and a RU combination is proposed in consideration of the channel configuration case of 240/160+80 MHz as shown below. In the three cases, the RU combination in P80 can use the combination suggested in 4.1. and 4.2. as it is.
4.4.1. 240/160+80 MHz Channel Configuration Case 1
At least one of the 20 MHz channels of H80 must not be punctured, and therefore, the RU combination in S80 proposed in 4.2. can be used as it is. If at least one 20 MHz is not punctured in S80 or L80, the RU combination in S80 proposed in 4.2. can be used as it is. Various RU combinations in the entire bandwidth can be proposed as follows. This is a case where the number of channels that are not always punctured is 50% or more.
When both S80 and L80 are punctured
PC20+SC80, PC40+SC80, PC60+SC60, PC60+SC80, PC80+SC80
Except for PC80+SC80, the above case is not considered because non-puncturing channels are not more than 50%.
When at least one 20 MHz is not punctured within 80 MHz of either S80 or L80
PC40+SC40+SC80, PC40+SC60+SC60, PC40+SC60+SC80, PC40+SC80+SC40, PC40+SC80+SC60, PC40+SC80+SC80, PC60+SC20+SC80, PC60+SC40+SC60, PC60+SC40+SC80, PC60+SC60+SC40, PC60+SC60+SC60, PC60+SC60+SC80, PC60+SC80+SC20, PC60+SC80+SC40, PC60+SC80+SC60, PC60+SC80+SC80
PC20+SC60+SC80, PC20+SC80+SC60, PC20+SC80+SC80, PC80+SC20+SC60, PC80+SC20+SC80, PC80+SC40+SC40, PC80+SC40+SC60, PC80+SC40+SC80, PC80+SC60+SC20, PC80+SC60+SC40, PC80+SC60+SC60, PC80+SC60+SC80, PC80+SC80+SC20, PC80+SC80+SC40, PC80+SC80+SC60, PC80+SC80+SC80 (or 996+996+996 RU or 996+2×996 RU or 3×996 RU)
In both S80 and L80, if at least one 20 MHz is not punctured within 80 MHz
PC40+SC20+SC20+SC80, PC40+SC20+SC40+SC60, PC40+SC20+SC40+SC80, PC40+SC20+SC60+SC40, PC40+SC20+SC60+SC60, PC40+SC20+SC60+SC80, PC40+SC20+SC80+SC20, PC40+SC20+SC80+SC40, PC40+SC20+SC80+SC60, PC40+SC20+SC80+SC80, PC40+SC40+SC20+SC60, PC40+SC40+SC20+SC80, PC40+SC40+SC40+SC40, PC40+SC40+SC40+SC60, PC40+SC40+SC40+SC80, PC40+SC40+SC60+SC20, PC40+SC40+SC60+SC40, PC40+SC40+SC60+SC60, PC40+SC40+SC60+SC80, PC40+SC40+SC80+SC20, PC40+SC40+SC80+SC40, PC40+SC40+SC80+SC60, PC40+SC40+SC80+SC80, PC40+SC60+SC20+SC40, PC40+SC60+SC20+SC60, PC40+SC60+SC20+SC80, PC40+SC60+SC40+SC20, PC40+SC60+SC40+SC40, PC40+SC60+SC40+SC60, PC40+SC60+SC40+SC80, PC40+SC60+SC60+SC20, PC40+SC60+SC60+SC40, PC40+SC60+SC60+SC60, PC40+SC60+SC60+SC80, PC40+SC60+SC80+SC20, PC40+SC60+SC80+SC40, PC40+SC60+SC80+SC60, PC40+SC60+SC80+SC80, PC40+SC80+SC20+SC20, PC40+SC80+SC20+SC40, PC40+SC80+SC20+SC60, PC40+SC80+SC20+SC80, PC40+SC80+SC40+SC20, PC40+SC80+SC40+SC40, PC40+SC80+SC40+SC60, PC40+SC80+SC40+SC80, PC40+SC80+SC60+SC20, PC40+SC80+SC60+SC40, PC40+SC80+SC60+SC60, PC40+SC80+SC60+SC80, PC40+SC80+SC80+SC20, PC40+SC80+SC80+SC40, PC40+SC80+SC80+SC60, PC40+SC80+SC80+SC80
PC60+SC20+SC20+SC60, PC60+SC20+SC20+SC80, PC60+SC20+SC40+SC40, PC60+SC20+SC40+SC60, PC60+SC20+SC40+SC80, PC60+SC20+SC60+SC20, PC60+SC20+SC60+SC40, PC60+SC20+SC60+SC60, {right arrow over (PC60+SC20+SC60+SC80)}, PC60+SC20+SC80+SC20, PC60+SC20+SC80+SC40, PC60+SC20+SC80+SC60, PC60+SC20+SC80+SC80, PC60+SC40+SC20+SC40, PC60+SC40+SC20+SC60, PC60+SC40+SC20+SC80, PC60+SC40+SC40+SC20, PC60+SC40+SC40+SC40, PC60+SC40+SC40+SC60, PC60+SC40+SC40+SC80, PC60+SC40+SC60+SC20, PC60+SC40+SC60+SC40, PC60+SC40+SC60+SC60, PC60+SC40+SC60+SC80, PC60+SC40+SC80+SC20, PC60+SC40+SC80+SC40, PC60+SC40+SC80+SC60, PC60+SC40+SC80+SC80, PC60+SC60+SC20+SC20, PC60+SC60+SC20+SC40, PC60+SC60+SC20+SC60, PC60+SC60+SC20+SC80, PC60+SC60+SC40+SC20, PC60+SC60+SC40+SC40, PC60+SC60+SC40+SC60, PC60+SC60+SC40+SC80, PC60+SC60+SC60+SC20, PC60+SC60+SC60+SC40, PC60+SC60+SC60+SC60, PC60+SC60+SC60+SC80, PC60+SC60+SC80+SC20, PC60+SC60+SC80+SC40, PC60+SC60+SC80+SC60, PC60+SC60+SC80+SC80, PC60+SC80+SC20+SC20, PC60+SC80+SC20+SC40, PC60+SC80+SC20+SC60, PC60+SC80+SC20+SC80, PC60+SC80+SC40+SC20, PC60+SC80+SC40+SC40, PC60+SC80+SC40+SC60, PC60+SC80+SC40+SC80, PC60+SC80+SC60+SC20, PC60+SC80+SC60+SC40, PC60+SC80+SC60+SC60, PC60+SC80+SC60+SC80, PC60+SC80+SC80+SC20, PC60+SC80+SC80+SC40, PC60+SC80+SC80+SC60, PC60+SC80+SC80+SC80
PC20+SC20+SC40+SC80, PC20+SC20+SC60+SC60, PC20+SC20+SC60+SC80, PC20+SC20+SC80+SC40, PC20+SC20+SC80+SC60, PC20+SC20+SC80+SC80, PC20+SC40+SC20+SC80, PC20+SC40+SC40+SC60, PC20+SC40+SC40+SC80, PC20+SC40+SC60+SC40, PC20+SC40+SC60+SC60, PC20+SC40+SC60+SC80, PC20+SC40+SC80+SC20, PC20+SC40+SC80+SC40, PC20+SC40+SC80+SC60, PC20+SC40+SC80+SC80, PC20+SC60+SC20+SC60, PC20+SC60+SC20+SC80, PC20+SC60+SC40+SC40, PC20+SC60+SC40+SC60, PC20+SC60+SC40+SC80, PC20+SC60+SC60+SC20, PC20+SC60+SC60+SC40, PC20+SC60+SC60+SC60, PC20+SC60+SC60+SC80, PC20+SC60+SC80+SC20, PC20+SC60+SC80+SC40, PC20+SC60+SC80+SC60, PC20+SC60+SC80+SC80, PC20+SC80+SC20+SC40, PC20+SC80+SC20+SC60, PC20+SC80+SC20+SC80, PC20+SC80+SC40+SC20, PC20+SC80+SC40+SC40, PC20+SC80+SC40+SC60, PC20+SC80+SC40+SC80, PC20+SC80+SC60+SC20, PC20+SC80+SC60+SC40, PC20+SC80+SC60+SC60, PC20+SC80+SC60+SC80, PC20+SC80+SC80+SC20, PC20+SC80+SC80+SC40, PC20+SC80+SC80+SC60, PC20+SC80+SC80+SC80
PC80+SC20+SC20+SC40, PC80+SC20+SC20+SC60, PC80+SC20+SC20+SC80, PC80+SC20+SC40+SC20, PC80+SC20+SC40+SC40, PC80+SC20+SC40+SC60, PC80+SC20+SC40+SC80, PC80+SC20+SC60+SC20, PC80+SC20+SC60+SC40, PC80+SC20+SC60+SC60, PC80+SC20+SC60+SC80, PC80+SC20+SC80+SC20, PC80+SC20+SC80+SC40, PC80+SC20+SC80+SC60, PC80+SC20+SC80+SC80, PC80+SC40+SC20+SC20, PC80+SC40+SC20+SC40, PC80+SC40+SC20+SC60, PC80+SC40+SC20+SC80, PC80+SC40+SC40+SC20, PC80+SC40+SC40+SC40, PC80+SC40+SC40+SC60, PC80+SC40+SC40+SC80, PC80+SC40+SC60+SC20, PC80+SC40+SC60+SC40, PC80+SC40+SC60+SC60, PC80+SC40+SC60+SC80, PC80+SC40+SC80+SC20, PC80+SC40+SC80+SC40, PC80+SC40+SC80+SC60, PC80+SC40+SC80+SC80, PC80+SC60+SC20+SC20, PC80+SC60+SC20+SC40, PC80+SC60+SC20+SC60, PC80+SC60+SC20+SC80, PC80+SC60+SC40+SC20, PC80+SC60+SC40+SC40, PC80+SC60+SC40+SC60, PC80+SC60+SC40+SC80, PC80+SC60+SC60+SC20, PC80+SC60+SC60+SC40, PC80+SC60+SC60+SC60, PC80+SC60+SC60+SC80, PC80+SC60+SC80+SC20, PC80+SC60+SC80+SC40, PC80+SC60+SC80+SC60, PC80+SC60+SC80+SC80, PC80+SC80+SC20+SC20, PC80+SC80+SC20+SC40, PC80+SC80+SC20+SC60, PC80+SC80+SC20+SC80, PC80+SC80+SC40+SC20, PC80+SC80+SC40+SC40, PC80+SC80+SC40+SC60, PC80+SC80+SC40+SC80, PC80+SC80+SC60+SC20, PC80+SC80+SC60+SC40, PC80+SC80+SC60+SC60, PC80+SC80+SC60+SC80, PC80+SC80+SC80+SC20, PC80+SC80+SC80+SC40, PC80+SC80+SC80+SC60, PC80+SC80+SC80+SC80 (or 2×996+2×996 RU or 996+996+2×996 RU or 996+3×996 RU or 996+996+996+996 RU)
4.4.2. 240/160+80 MHz Channel Configuration Case 2
At least one of the 20 MHz channels of L80 must not be punctured, and therefore, the RU combination in S80 proposed in 4.2. can be used as it is. If at least one 20 MHz is not punctured in S80 or H80, the RU combination in S80 proposed in 4.2. may be used as it is. Therefore, the combination of various RUs in the entire bandwidth is the same as the combination proposed in 4.4.1.
4.4.3. 240/160+80 MHz Channel Configuration Case 3
At least one of the 20 MHz channels of S80 should not be punctured, so the RU combination in S80 suggested in 4.2. can be used as it is. In addition, at least one 20 MHz should not be punctured in S160, which means that one 20 MHz is not necessarily punctured in 80 MHz of either L80 or H80, and the other 80 MHz may be all punctured or may not be punctured. Therefore, various RU combinations in the entire bandwidth are same as the combination proposed when at least one 20 MHz is not punctured within 80 MHz of either S80 or L80 among the RU combinations proposed in 4.4.1 and when at least one 20 MHz is not punctured within 80 MHz in both S80 and L80.
The various RU combinations are summarized below, and the order and position of the RUs in each combination may be changed. The meaning of parentheses means the RU combination of each 80 MHz. That is, the order and position of the RUs may be changed within parentheses (i.e., within each 80 MHz), and the order and position of the parentheses may also be changed (i.e., the position and sequence diagram of each 80 MHz).
(996)+(996)/2×996
(n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20)+(996)+(996), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(996), (n20+n20)+(448)+(996), (448)+(448)+(996), (n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (484)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (484)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20+n20)+(996)+(996), (484)+(996)+(996), (484+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (484+n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (484+n20)+(996)+(996), (996)+(996)+(996)/2×996+996/3×996
(n20)+(n20)+(n20+n20)+(996), (n20)+(n20)+(484)+(996), (n20)+(n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (n20)+(n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20)+(n20)+(996)+(996), (n20)+(n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(484+n20), (n20)+(n20+n20)+(484)+(484+n20), (n20)+(484)+(484)+(484+n20), (n20)+(n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(996), (n20)+(n20+n20)+(484)+(996), (n20)+(484)+(484)+(996), (n20)+(n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (n20)+(484)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (n20)+(n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20)+(484)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20)+(n20+n20)+(996)+(996), (n20)+(484)+(996)+(996), (n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20)+(484+n20)+(996)+(996), (n20)+(996)+(996)+(996), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(n20+n20), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(484), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(484)+(484), (n20+n20)+(484)+(484)+(484), (484)+(484)+(484)+(484), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(484)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(484)+(484)+(484+n20), (484)+(484)+(484)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(996), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(484)+(996), (n20+n20)+(484)+(484)+(996), (484)+(484)+(484)+(996), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(484)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (484)+(484)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20+n20)+(484)+(484+n20)+(996), (484)+(484)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20+n20)+(n20+n20)+(996)+(996), (n20+n20)+(484)+(996)+(996), (484)+(484)+(996)+(996), (n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (484)+(484+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (484)+(484+n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (n20+n20)+(484+n20)+(996)+(996), (484)+(484+n20)+(996)+(996), (n20+n20)+(996)+(996)+(996), (484)+(996)+(996)+(996), (484+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20), (484+n20)+(484+n20)+(484+n20)+(996), (484+n20)+(484+n20)+(996)+(996), (484+n20)+(996)+(996)+(996), (996)+(996)+(996)+(996)/996+996+2×996/2×996+2×996/996+3×996/4×996
Below, a method of indicating or scheduling the above puncturing pattern and RU aggregation is proposed.
4.5. Signaling Method
The above-described indicator regarding RU aggregation may be transmitted within the EHT-SIG of the EHT PPDU of
The Version independent field of
Two symbols of U-SIG are jointly encoded and consist of 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones for each 20 MHz. Also, U-SIG is modulated in the same way as HE-SIG-A. That is, the U-SIG is modulated with a BPSK ½ code rate.
The EHT-SIG can be divided into a common field and a user specific field, can be encoded with a variable MCS, and can indicate information about an accurate puncturing pattern and RU aggregation used for transmission in the common field. Additionally, in order to when preamble puncturing is applied, it indicates whether to apply a shifted tone plan in an adjacent 20 MHz channel or change to a 20 MHz tone plan, or whether to use the tone plan as it is but puncture some tones or transmit some tones with low power, one bit of information may be transmitted in the version dependent field of the U-SIG or the common field of the EHT-SIG.
The example of
Some of each step (or detailed sub-step to be described later) of the example of
In step S3310, the transmitting device (i.e., transmitting STA) configures Bandwidth (BW) and RU allocation, and allocates multiple RUs to a specific user or STA by the Multiple RU aggregation combination of paragraph 4.2 of the above specification. Also, the transmitting device may perform a channel access operation.
In step S3320, the transmitting STA may configure a PPDU. For example, the PPDU may be an EHT SU PPDU, an EHT ER SU PPDU, or an EHT MU PPDU. The PPDU may include an EHT-SIG as shown in
The transmitting STA may perform step S3320 based on the BW, RU allocation, and multiple RU aggregation determined in step S3310.
That is, as described above, specific (RU allocation) n-bit (e.g., 8-bit) information may be included in the common field of the EHT-SIG, and information on multiple RU aggregation may be included in the user specific field.
In step S3330, the transmitting device may transmit the PPDU configured in step S3320 to the receiving device based on step S3330.
While performing step S3330, the transmitting device may perform at least one of CSD, spatial mapping, IDFT/IFFT operation, GI insertion, and the like.
A signal/field/sequence constructed according to this specification may be transmitted in the form of
For example, the above-described EHT-SIG may be transmitted based on several OFDM symbols. For example, one OFDM symbol may include 26-bit information. The 26-bit information may include the above-described 4-bit BW information. Any m-bit information may be used instead of 26-bit information.
For 26-bit information, BCC encoding with ½ inefficiency may be applied. Interbiring by an interleaver may be applied to the BCC coded bits (ie, 52 bits). Constellation mapping by a constellation mapper may be performed on the interleaved 52 bits. Specifically, the BPSK module may be applied to generate 52 BPSK symbols. The 52 BSPK symbols may be matched to the remaining frequency domains (−28 to +28) except for DC tones and pilot tones (−21, −7, +7, +21) tones. Thereafter, it may be transmitted to the receiving STA through phase rotation, CSD, spatial mapping, IDFT/IFFT operation, and the like.
The above-described PPDU may be transmitted based on the apparatus of
The example of
As shown in
The memory 112 may store information on a plurality of BW/Tone-Plan/RU that are described in the present specification.
The processor 111 may generate various RUs based on information stored in the memory 112 and configure a PPDU. An example of the PPDU generated by the processor 111 may be as shown in
The processor 111 may perform all/part of the operations illustrated in
The illustrated transceiver 113 includes an antenna and may perform analog signal processing. Specifically, the processor 111 may control the transceiver 113 to transmit the PPDU generated by the processor 111.
Alternatively, the processor 111 may generate a transmission PPDU and store information about the transmission PPDU in the memory 112.
An example of
The example of
Some of each step (or detailed sub-step to be described later) of the example of
In step S3410, the receiving device (receiving STA) may receive all or part of the PPDU through step S3410. The received signal may be in the form of
The sub-step of step S3410 may be determined based on step S3330 of
In step S3420, the receiving STA may obtain information on the BW, RU allocation, and multiple RU aggregation of the EHT PPDU by decoding information included in the U-SIG or EHT-SIG.
Through this, the receiving STA can complete decoding of other fields/symbols of the received PPDU.
As a result, the receiving STA may decode the data field included in the PPDU through step S3420. Thereafter, the receiving STA may perform a processing operation of transferring data decoded from the data field to a higher layer (e.g., MAC layer). In addition, when generation of a signal is instructed from the upper layer to the PHY layer in response to data transferred to the upper layer, a subsequent operation may be performed.
The above-described PPDU may be transmitted based on the apparatus of
As shown in
The transceiver 123 may receive the PPDU based on the control of the processor 121. For example, the transceiver 123 may include a plurality of sub-units (not shown). For example, the transceiver 123 may include at least one receiving antenna and a filter for the corresponding receiving antenna.
The PPDU received through the transceiver 123 may be stored in the memory 122. The processor 121 may process decoding of the received PPDU through the memory 122. The processor 121 may obtain control information (e.g., EHT-SIG) regarding the BW/Tone-Plan/RU included in the PPDU, and store the obtained control information in the memory 122.
The processor 121 may perform decoding on the received PPDU. Specifically, an operation for restoring the result of CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT/IFFT operation, and GI insert applied to the PPDU may be performed. CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT/IFFT operation, and operation of restoring the result of GI insert may be performed through a plurality of processing units (not shown) individually implemented in the processor 121.
In addition, the processor 121 may decode the data field of the PPDU received through the transceiver 123.
In addition, the processor 121 may process the decoded data. For example, the processor 121 may perform a processing operation of transferring information about the decoded data field to an upper layer (e.g., a MAC layer). In addition, when generation of a signal is instructed from the upper layer to the PHY layer in response to data transferred to the upper layer, a subsequent operation may be performed.
Hereinafter, the aforementioned embodiment is described with reference to
An example of
The example of
This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for configuring multiple RUs to transmit and receive PPDUs in a non-OFDMA scheme. Transmission of the PPDU in the non-OFDMA scheme may include single user (SU) transmission or multi user-multi input multi output (MU-MIMO) transmission.
In step S3510, the transmitting station (STA) generates a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU).
In step S3520, the transmitting STA transmits the PPDU to the receiving STA through a first band.
The PPDU includes a control field and a data field.
The first band is an 80 MHz band including first and second 20 MHz subchannels and a first 40 MHz subchannel. That is, the 80 MHz band may include four 20 MHz subchannels (a primary 20 MHz channel, a secondary 20 MHz channel, a low 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel, and a high 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel).
When the first 20 MHz sub-channel is punctured, the second 20 MHz sub-channel includes a first multiple RU in which first and second 26 resource units (RUs), 52 RU and 106 RU are aggregated, the first 40 MHz subchannel includes 484 RU. In this case, the first and second 26 RUs may be RUs consisting of 26 tones, the 52 RUs may be RUs consisting of 52 tones, the 106 RUs may be RUs consisting of 106 tones, and the 484 RUs may be RUs consisting of 484 tones.
The data field is received through a second multiple RU in which the first multiple RU and the 484 RU are aggregated.
That is, this embodiment proposes a method for allocating 484 RUs to a 40 MHz channel in which the preamble is not punctured within 80 MHz, which is the bandwidth in which the PPDU is transmitted and allocating the multiple RU consisting of a combination of two 26 RU, 52 RU and 106 RU in the 20 MHz channel adjacent to the preamble punctured channel. According to this embodiment, the transmitting STA may transmit the data field in a non-OFDMA scheme by aggregating the 484 RU and the multiple RU. The PPDU may be transmitted based on a non-OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) scheme.
The control field may include allocation information on the second multiple RU. The receiving STA may decode the allocation information for the second multiple RU, so that the receiving STA can confirm that the second multiple RU is an RU assigned to it.
One of the second 20 MHz subchannel or the first 40 MHz subchannel may include a primary 20 MHz channel. The primary 20 MHz channel is not (always) punctured. Accordingly, the first 20 MHz subchannel cannot be the primary 20 MHz channel. wherein the primary 20 MHz channel is not punctured.
The first multiple RU may be arranged in the order of the 106 RU, the first 26 RU, the 52 RU, and the second 26 RU in the frequency domain. The first 26 RU may be located in the center of the first 20 MHz subchannel.
As another example, when the first and second 20 MHz subchannels are punctured, the first 40 MHz subchannel may include a 484 RU.
The data field may be received through the 484 RU.
That is, the embodiment proposes a method in which 484 RUs are allocated to the remaining 40 MHz channels except for the preamble punctured 40 MHz channel within 80 MHz, which is the bandwidth in which the PPDU is transmitted. According to the embodiment, the transmitting STA may transmit the data field in a non-OFDMA scheme through the 484 RU.
The first 40 MHz subchannel may include a primary 20 MHz channel. The primary 20 MHz channel is not (always) punctured. Accordingly, the first and second 20 MHz subchannels cannot be the primary 20 MHz channels.
In addition, the present embodiment proposes a method of configuring the multiple RU used to transmit the PPDU in a non-OFDMA scheme in a broadband (160/80+80 MHz band, 240/160+80 MHz band, 320/160+160 MHz band). However, the broadband can be divided into a plurality of 80 MHz channels, and in this embodiment, the above-described method for configuring the multiple RU in the 80 MHz band for each 80 MHz channel can be applied as it is.
The control field includes a first control field supporting a legacy wireless LAN system and a second control field supporting an 802.11be wireless LAN system. The second control field may include a universal-signal (U-SIG) or an extremely high throughput-signal (EHT-SIG). The second control field may include allocation information on an RU to which the data field is to be transmitted. This embodiment describes a case where the RU to which the data field is transmitted is a multiple RU in which a plurality of RUs are aggregated with each other. The RU means a resource unit in which the data field is transmitted.
The EHT-SIG may include EHT-SIG-A and EHT-SIG-B (or EHT-SIG-C field). The EHT-SIG-B may include resource unit (RU) information. The transmitting STA may inform information on the tone plan of the wideband through the EHT-SIG-B. In addition, EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and the data field included in the second control field may be transmitted/received in the multiple RU included in tone plan of the broadband.
An example of
The example of
This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for configuring multiple RUs to transmit and receive PPDUs in a non-OFDMA scheme. Transmission of the PPDU in the non-OFDMA scheme may include single user (SU) transmission or multi user-multi input multi output (MU-MIMO) transmission.
In step S3610, the receiving station (STA) receives a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) through a first band from a transmitting STA.
In step S3620, the receiving STA decodes the PPDU.
The PPDU includes a control field and a data field.
The first band is an 80 MHz band including first and second 20 MHz subchannels and a first 40 MHz subchannel. That is, the 80 MHz band may include four 20 MHz subchannels (a primary 20 MHz channel, a secondary 20 MHz channel, a low 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel, and a high 20 MHz channel of a secondary 40 MHz channel).
When the first 20 MHz sub-channel is punctured, the second 20 MHz sub-channel includes a first multiple RU in which first and second 26 resource units (RUs), 52 RU and 106 RU are aggregated, the first 40 MHz subchannel includes 484 RU. In this case, the first and second 26 RUs may be RUs consisting of 26 tones, the 52 RUs may be RUs consisting of 52 tones, the 106 RUs may be RUs consisting of 106 tones, and the 484 RUs may be RUs consisting of 484 tones.
The data field is received through a second multiple RU in which the first multiple RU and the 484 RU are aggregated.
That is, this embodiment proposes a method for allocating 484 RUs to a 40 MHz channel in which the preamble is not punctured within 80 MHz, which is the bandwidth in which the PPDU is transmitted and allocating the multiple RU consisting of a combination of two 26 RU, 52 RU and 106 RU in the 20 MHz channel adjacent to the preamble punctured channel. According to this embodiment, the transmitting STA may transmit the data field in a non-OFDMA scheme by aggregating the 484 RU and the multiple RU. The PPDU may be transmitted based on a non-OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) scheme.
The control field may include allocation information on the second multiple RU. The receiving STA may decode the allocation information for the second multiple RU, so that the receiving STA can confirm that the second multiple RU is an RU assigned to it.
One of the second 20 MHz subchannel or the first 40 MHz subchannel may include a primary 20 MHz channel. The primary 20 MHz channel is not (always) punctured. Accordingly, the first 20 MHz subchannel cannot be the primary 20 MHz channel. wherein the primary 20 MHz channel is not punctured.
The first multiple RU may be arranged in the order of the 106 RU, the first 26 RU, the 52 RU, and the second 26 RU in the frequency domain. The first 26 RU may be located in the center of the first 20 MHz subchannel.
As another example, when the first and second 20 MHz subchannels are punctured, the first 40 MHz subchannel may include a 484 RU.
The data field may be received through the 484 RU.
That is, the embodiment proposes a method in which 484 RUs are allocated to the remaining 40 MHz channels except for the preamble punctured 40 MHz channel within 80 MHz, which is the bandwidth in which the PPDU is transmitted. According to the embodiment, the transmitting STA may transmit the data field in a non-OFDMA scheme through the 484 RU.
The first 40 MHz subchannel may include a primary 20 MHz channel. The primary 20 MHz channel is not (always) punctured. Accordingly, the first and second 20 MHz subchannels cannot be the primary 20 MHz channels.
In addition, the present embodiment proposes a method of configuring the multiple RU used to transmit the PPDU in a non-OFDMA scheme in a broadband (160/80+80 MHz band, 240/160+80 MHz band, 320/160+160 MHz band). However, the broadband can be divided into a plurality of 80 MHz channels, and in this embodiment, the above-described method for configuring the multiple RU in the 80 MHz band for each 80 MHz channel can be applied as it is.
The control field includes a first control field supporting a legacy wireless LAN system and a second control field supporting an 802.11be wireless LAN system. The second control field may include a universal-signal (U-SIG) or an extremely high throughput-signal (EHT-SIG). The second control field may include allocation information on an RU to which the data field is to be transmitted. This embodiment describes a case where the RU to which the data field is transmitted is a multiple RU in which a plurality of RUs are aggregated with each other. The RU means a resource unit in which the data field is transmitted.
The EHT-SIG may include EHT-SIG-A and EHT-SIG-B (or EHT-SIG-C field). The EHT-SIG-B may include resource unit (RU) information. The transmitting STA may inform information on the tone plan of the wideband through the EHT-SIG-B. In addition, EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and the data field included in the second control field may be transmitted/received in the multiple RU included in tone plan of the broadband.
The technical features of the present specification described above may be applied to various devices and methods. For example, the above-described technical features of the present specification may be performed/supported through the apparatus of
The technical features of the present specification may be implemented based on a computer readable medium (CRM). For example, the CRM proposed by the present specification is at least one computer readable medium including at least one computer readable medium including instructions based on being executed by at least one processor.
The CRM may store instructions perform operations comprising: receiving a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) through a first band from a transmitting STA; and decoding the PPDU. The instructions stored in the CRM of the present specification may be executed by at least one processor. At least one processor related to CRM in the present specification may be the processor(s) 111 and 121 or the processing chip(s) 114 and 124 of
The foregoing technical features of this specification are applicable to various applications or business models. For example, the foregoing technical features may be applied for wireless communication of a device supporting artificial intelligence (AI).
Artificial intelligence refers to a field of study on artificial intelligence or methodologies for creating artificial intelligence, and machine learning refers to a field of study on methodologies for defining and solving various issues in the area of artificial intelligence. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm for improving the performance of an operation through steady experiences of the operation.
An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning and may refer to an overall problem-solving model that includes artificial neurons (nodes) forming a network by combining synapses. The artificial neural network may be defined by a pattern of connection between neurons of different layers, a learning process of updating a model parameter, and an activation function generating an output value.
The artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapses that connect neurons. In the artificial neural network, each neuron may output a function value of an activation function of input signals input through a synapse, weights, and deviations.
A model parameter refers to a parameter determined through learning and includes a weight of synapse connection and a deviation of a neuron. A hyper-parameter refers to a parameter to be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm and includes a learning rate, the number of iterations, a mini-batch size, and an initialization function.
Learning an artificial neural network may be intended to determine a model parameter for minimizing a loss function. The loss function may be used as an index for determining an optimal model parameter in a process of learning the artificial neural network.
Machine learning may be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.
Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network with a label given for training data, wherein the label may indicate a correct answer (or result value) that the artificial neural network needs to infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network. Unsupervised learning may refer to a method of training an artificial neural network without a label given for training data. Reinforcement learning may refer to a training method for training an agent defined in an environment to choose an action or a sequence of actions to maximize a cumulative reward in each state.
Machine learning implemented with a deep neural network (DNN) including a plurality of hidden layers among artificial neural networks is referred to as deep learning, and deep learning is part of machine learning. Hereinafter, machine learning is construed as including deep learning.
The foregoing technical features may be applied to wireless communication of a robot.
Robots may refer to machinery that automatically process or operate a given task with own ability thereof. In particular, a robot having a function of recognizing an environment and autonomously making a judgment to perform an operation may be referred to as an intelligent robot.
Robots may be classified into industrial, medical, household, military robots and the like according uses or fields. A robot may include an actuator or a driver including a motor to perform various physical operations, such as moving a robot joint. In addition, a movable robot may include a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like in a driver to run on the ground or fly in the air through the driver.
The foregoing technical features may be applied to a device supporting extended reality.
Extended reality collectively refers to virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology is a computer graphic technology of providing a real-world object and background only in a CG image, AR technology is a computer graphic technology of providing a virtual CG image on a real object image, and MR technology is a computer graphic technology of providing virtual objects mixed and combined with the real world.
MR technology is similar to AR technology in that a real object and a virtual object are displayed together. However, a virtual object is used as a supplement to a real object in AR technology, whereas a virtual object and a real object are used as equal statuses in MR technology.
XR technology may be applied to a head-mount display (HMD), a head-up display (HUD), a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a TV, digital signage, and the like. A device to which XR technology is applied may be referred to as an XR device.
The claims recited in the present specification may be combined in a variety of ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the present specification may be combined to be implemented by a method. In addition, the technical characteristics of the method claim of the present specification and the technical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to be implemented as a device, and the technical characteristics of the method claim of the present specification and the technical characteristics of the device claim may be combined to be implemented by a method.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10-2019-0158533 | Dec 2019 | KR | national |
| 10-2019-0167221 | Dec 2019 | KR | national |
| 10-2019-0172406 | Dec 2019 | KR | national |
| 10-2020-0002511 | Jan 2020 | KR | national |
This application is the National Stage filing under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International Application No. PCT/KR2020/017389, filed on Dec. 1, 2020, which claims the benefit of earlier filing date and right of priority to Korean Application Nos. 10-2019-0158533, filed on Dec. 2, 2019, 10-2019-0167221, filed on Dec. 13, 2019, 10-2019-0172406, filed on Dec. 20, 2019, and 10-2020-0002511, filed on Jan. 8, 2020, the contents of which are all incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/KR2020/017389 | 12/1/2020 | WO |
