Method and apparatus for removing polymeric coatings from optical fiber

Abstract

In accordance with the invention, the polymeric coating is removed from a coated optical fiber by disposing the fiber within a low pressure environment and applying sufficient heat to volatilize at least a portion of the polymeric coating. The result is that the coating material bursts from the fiber, yielding a clean glass surface virtually free of surface flaws. In a preferred embodiment the heat is provided by a resistive filament heater within a vacuum chamber.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to methods for removing polymeric coatings from optical fiber and apparatus for practicing such methods. In particular it relates to an advantageous method of removing such coatings by the application of heat within a low pressure environment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Optical fibers are key components in modem telecommunications systems. Basically, an optical fiber is a thin strand of glass capable of transmitting optical signals containing a large amount of information over long distances with very low loss. In its simplest form, it is a small diameter waveguide comprising a core having a first index of refraction surrounded by a cladding having a second (lower) index of refraction. A polymeric coating surrounding the cladding protects the fiber from contamination and mechanical damage and maintains mechanical strength. Typical optical fibers are made of high purity silica glass with minor concentrations of dopants to control the index of refraction. Typical coatings are dual coatings of urethane acrylates. An inner (primary) coating having a relatively low in situ equilibrium modulus is applied directly to the glass, and an outer (secondary) coating having a relatively high modulus surrounds the primary coating.

While protective coatings are critical for most applications of optical fiber, short lengths of coating must be temporarily removed in the fabrication of optical fiber devices and during the assembly of fiber networks. Because the surface of the glass fiber is susceptible to damage from abrasion and contamination, the surface is coated with protective polymer immediately after the fiber is drawn. However the coating must be temporarily removed in the fabrication of important optical fiber devices such as fiber Bragg gratings, long period gratings, fused couplers and metalcoated regions. Moreover end portions of the coating need to be removed in fusing successive fiber segments to form a network. The fiber may be recoated after such operations.

A variety of approaches have been used to remove fiber polymeric coatings, but none have been completely satisfactory. One method is to mechanically scrape the coating off the glass using a blade and then to chemically clean the exposed glass. This approach inevitably creates surface flaws on the fiber, reducing the strength and the reliability of devices produced from it. A second method uses chemical solvents to soften or completely remove the coating. While this approach has been used in manufacturing, it is difficult to automate and involves the use of hazardous chemicals, typically in the form of concentrated acids at high temperatures. A third method uses heat to soften the coating and mechanical removal of the softened coating followed by ultrasonic cleaning with a solvent such as acetone or alcohol. Accordingly there is a need for an improved method of removing polymeric coatings from optical fiber.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the invention, the polymeric coating is removed from a coated optical fiber by disposing the fiber within a low pressure environment and applying sufficient heat to volatilize at least a portion of the polymeric coating. The result is that the coating material bursts from the fiber, yielding a clean glass surface virtually free of surface flaws. In a preferred embodiment the heat is provided by a resistive filament heater within a vacuum chamber.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The nature, advantages and various additional features of the invention will appear more fully upon consideration of the illustrative embodiments now to be described in connection with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the steps in removing a polymeric coating from an optical fiber;

FIG. 2 illustrates apparatus useful in practicing the method of FIG. 1 ; and

FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred resistive filament heater for use in the apparatus of FIG. 2 .

It is to be understood that these drawings are for purposes of illustrating the concepts of the invention and are not to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to the drawings, FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the steps involved in removing a polymeric coating from an optical fiber. The first step shown in block A is to dispose the coated fiber within an evacuable chamber.

The next step (block B) is to evacuate the chamber. The chamber should be evacuated to a low pressure below about 2 Torr and preferably below about 200 mTorr.

The third step shown in block C is to apply heat to the coated fiber. The heat should be sufficient to volatilize at least a portion of the coating without changing the phase of the glass. The heat should volatilize at least the most volatile components in the coating and cause the coating to burst from the fiber (explosive removal). The heat is preferably applied by radiation as from a resistive filament within the evacuated chamber or from a laser, such as an infrared laser, within or outside the chamber. In typical cases involving two-layer acrylate coatings on silica fibers, the heat provided by a resistive filament glowing at a temperature in excess of about 800° C. is adequate to effect such removal.

The heat should be applied over the length of the coating to be removed, either by use of an elongated heat source or series of sources, by translating the fiber, or by translating the source of the heat.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of preferred apparatus useful in practicing the method of FIG. 1 . In essence, the apparatus 20 comprises one or more resistive filament heaters 21 disposed within an evacuable (vacuum) chamber 22 . The chamber 22 advantageously is a two-part chamber comprising a first part 22 A and a second part 22 B which can be sealed together against an 0-ring 22 C and over the coated fiber 27 . The chamber can include a viewing window 22 D to permit the passage of light. An evacuation pump and valves (not shown) are provided for pumping down the chamber. Preferably a serial succession of heaters 21 is placed between a pair of V-groove guides 23 , 24 . The succession of heaters extends along the length of coated fiber 27 from which the coating is to be removed. Fiber holders 25 , 26 facilitate and maintain placement of the fiber 27 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , each filament heater 21 is advantageously a high melting temperature metal and preferably a refractory metal (e.g. iridium, tungsten or tantalum) ribbon bent in an open loop 30 shaped like the Greek letter omega. The coated fiber 27 advantageously passes through the center of the loop.

In typical operation, the coated fiber 27 is loaded into holders 25 , 26 with an exposed intermediate length guided by V-grooves 23 , 24 through the centers of filament heaters 21 . The vacuum chamber 22 is sealed and pumped down to a pressure below about 2 Torr and preferably below about 200 mTorr. The filament heaters 21 are then heated by the application of electricity to glow red at temperatures in excess of about 800° C. and preferably to glow yellow at temperatures in excess of about 1500° C. The heat volatizes portions of the coating causing the coating to burst from the fiber without mechanical assistance. Advantageously the heater is sufficiently hot to cause the coating to burst from the fiber in less than about three seconds and preferably less than about 1 second. This leaves a clean glass surface free of mechanical damage, particulates or hazardous chemicals.

The invention can now be more clearly understood by consideration of the following example. The polymeric coating was stripped from a 1 inch section of coming SMF28 fiber using apparatus similar to that of FIG. 2 but having a series of 8 iridium filaments (0.001 in. thick by 0.12 inch wide) wired in parallel. Stripping was effected by sinking about 300 Watts for 1 second at a 200 mTorr vacuum. Under these conditions the filaments glowed yellow/white hot. With this configuration there was nearly flawless surface quality over the stripped 1 inch section. Unspliced stripped fiber yielded pull strengths of 600-800 Kpsia. Best results were obtained in stripping dual acrylate coatings such as those surrounding corning SMF28, Fuji Panda and 3M Tiger fibers. Dual coated fibers manufactured by Alcatel, Lucent, Fibercore and Sumitomo were found to strip in a similar manner.

It is understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative of only a few of the many possible specific embodiments, which can represent applications of the invention. Numerous and varied other arrangements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for removing a polymeric coating from a polymeric coated optical fiber comprising the steps of:disposing the polymeric coated optical fiber within an evacuable chamber; evacuating the chamber to a pressure of less than about 2 Torr; and exposing the polymeric coated optical fiber to a heating element heated to a temperature in excess of 800° C. to volatilize at least a portion of the polymeric coating thereby causing the polymeric coating to burst away from the optical fiber.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the chamber is evacuated to a pressure of less than about 200 mTorr.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said heating element comprises at least one resistive filament heater.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the polymeric coating bursts away from the optical fiber in less than about 3 seconds after said exposure to said heating element.

5. The method of claim 3 wherein the resistive filament heater is heated to a temperature in excess of 1500° C.