Patent Application
20110276087
The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for sealing a puncture in a tubular tissue structure or the wall of a body cavity. More particularly, the present disclosure is directed to sealing a puncture site with extracellular matrix-derived tissue that includes glucosamine therewith.
The control of bleeding during and after surgery is important to the success of the procedure. The control of blood loss is of particular concern if the surgical procedure is performed directly upon or involves the patient's arteries and veins. Well over one million surgical procedures are performed annually which involve the insertion and removal of catheters into and from arteries and veins. Accordingly, these types of vasculature procedures represent a significant amount of surgery in which the control of bleeding is of particular concern.
Typically, the insertion of a catheter creates a puncture through the vessel wall and upon removal the catheter leaves a puncture opening through which blood may escape and leak into the surrounding tissues. Therefore, unless the puncture site is closed clinical complications may result leading to increased hospital stays with the associated costs. To address this concern, medical personnel are required to provide constant and continuing care to a patient who has undergone a procedure involving an arterial or venous puncture to insure that post-operative bleeding is controlled.
Surgical bleeding concerns can be exacerbated by the administration of a blood thinning agent, such as heparin, to the patient prior to a catheterization procedure. Since the control of bleeding in anti-coagulated patients is much more difficult to control, stemming blood flow in these patients can be troublesome. A common method of healing the puncture to the vessel is to maintain external pressure over the vessel until the puncture seals by natural clot formation processes. This method of puncture closure typically takes about thirty to ninety minutes, with the length of time usually being greater if the patient is hypertensive or anti-coagulated.
Furthermore, it should be appreciated that utilizing pressure, such as human hand pressure, to control bleeding suffers from several drawbacks regardless of whether the patient is hypertensive or anti-coagulated. In particular, when human hand pressure is utilized, it can be uncomfortable for the patient, can result in excessive restriction or interruption of blood flow, and can use costly professional time on the part of the hospital staff. Other pressure techniques, such as pressure bandages, sandbags, or clamps require the patient to remain motionless for an extended period of time and the patient must be closely monitored to ensure the effectiveness of these techniques.
Other devices have been disclosed which plug or otherwise provide an obstruction in the area of the puncture (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,852,568 and 4,890,612) wherein a collagen plug is disposed in the blood vessel opening. When the plug is exposed to body fluids, it swells to block the wound in the vessel wall. A potential problem with plugs introduced into the vessel is that particles may break off and float downstream to a point where they may lodge in a smaller vessel, causing an infarct to occur. Another potential problem with collagen plugs is that there is the potential for the inadvertent insertion of the collagen plug into the lumen of the blood vessel which is hazardous to the patient. Collagen plugs also can act as a site for platelet aggregation, and, therefore, can cause intraluminal deposition of occlusive material creating the possibility of a thrombosis at the puncture sight. Other plug-like devices are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,342,393, 5,370,660 and 5,411,520.
Accordingly, there is a need for surgical techniques suitable for sealing punctures in a tubular tissue structure or in the punctured wall of a body cavity, such as a heart chamber, or a body cavity of another organ. Such techniques require rapid, safe, and effective sealing of the puncture. It would also be useful to close the puncture without disposing any occlusive material into the vessel or body cavity, and without introducing infectious organisms into the patient's circulatory system.
The present disclosure is directed to an apparatus and method for sealing punctured tubular tissue structures, including arteries and veins, such as punctures which occur during diagnostic and interventional vascular and peripheral catheterizations, or for sealing a puncture in the wall of a body cavity. More specifically, the apparatus and method of the present disclosure employ submucosal tissue or another extracellular matrix-derived tissue or a synthetic bioabsorbable material to seal punctures in tubular tissue structures, such as blood vessels, or in the wall of a body cavity. The submucosal tissue or other extracellular matrix-derived tissue is capable of inducing tissue remodeling at the site of implantation by supporting the growth of connective tissue in vivo, and has the added feature of being tear-resistant so that occlusive material is not introduced into the patient's circulatory system. Also, submucosal tissue or another extracellular matrix-derived tissue has the feature of being resistant to infection, thereby reducing the chances that the procedure will result in systemic infection of the patient.
Additionally, such procedures involve swelling, irritation, and an inflammatory response generally at the locus of access. A reduction in the inflammatory response has generally been associated with improved outcomes and reduced recovery times. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides inflammatory reducing compounds and places them in contact with the sealing apparatus such that placement of the sealing apparatus at the access site also places inflammatory reducing compounds at the access site.
The disclosures of U.S. applications with Ser. Nos. 11/180,379, 10/863,703, 10/166,399, 11/879,426, 11/546,079, 60/297,060, and 12/484,538 are incorporated herein by reference. The present disclosure is related to an apparatus and a method for sealing a puncture in a tubular tissue structure, such as a blood vessel, or in the wall of a body cavity, with submucosal tissue, another extracellular matrix-derived tissue, or a synthetic bioabsorbable material capable of supporting the growth of endogenous connective tissue in vivo resulting in remodeling of endogenous connective tissue at the puncture site and in formation of a static seal. The apparatus and method of the present disclosure can be used to seal a puncture in a tubular tissue structure, such as a blood vessel, or in the wall of a body cavity, that has been created intentionally or unintentionally during a surgical procedure or nonsurgically (e.g., during an accident). Punctures made intentionally include vascular punctures made in various types of vascular, endoscopic, or orthopaedic surgical procedures, or punctures made in any other type of surgical procedure, in coronary and in peripheral arteries and veins or in the wall of a body cavity. Such procedures include angiographic examination, angioplasty, laser angioplasty, valvuloplasty, atherectomy, stent deployment, rotablator treatment, aortic prosthesis implantation, intraortic balloon pump treatment, pacemaker implantation, any intracardiac procedure, electrophysiological procedures, interventional radiology, and various other diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic procedures such as dialysis and procedures relating to percutaneous extracorporeal circulation.
Referring now to the drawings,
An introducer 10 as depicted in
The present disclosure may be employed, for example, to rapidly seal a puncture site in a blood vessel upon completion of a catheterization procedure. Introducer 10 illustrated in
In the embodiment of the disclosure depicted in
Either before or after sheet 18 is formed to interface with sheath 16, sheet 18 is infused with an anti-inflammatory agent. The anti-inflammatory agent can either be steroidal, such as cortisone, non-steroidal (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen, or other anti-inflammatories such as glucosamine. In the case of glucosamine, the anti-inflammatory agent is obtained in a powdered form and hydrated to create a solution. In one embodiment, silicon is added to the glucosamine. The concentration of the agent in the solution can be varied to achieve a desired dosage. Sheet 18 is dipped in the solution and allowed to dry. Embodiments are envisioned where sheet 18 is dipped one or multiple times. It should be appreciated that multiple dipping and the number of “coats” will also have an effect on the dosage of the agent infused in sheet 18. In addition to dipping sheet 18 in an anti-inflammatory solution, embodiments are envisioned where the solution is layered on sheet 18 similar to if it was being painted. Also, rather than hydrating the glucosamine into a solution, it can be crushed into a powder and applied.
Flexible section 19 of sheet 18 is disposed within sheath 16 prior to deployment. To this end, sheath 16 includes an access hole 21 that receives flexible section 19 therein while allowing cuff section 122 to remain outside and around sheath 16. Distal end 30 of sheath 16 is inserted into tubular tissue structure 1000, such as a blood vessel, and user proximal end 32 remains outside of the punctured vessel wall. Proximal end 32, cuff 122, of the sheet 18 extends axially over a portion of the introducer 10 as depicted in
Cuff section 122 of sheet 18 may be held in place on sheath 16, for example, by a retaining tether (not shown) or other line attached thereto and to sheath cap 20 or valve cap 22. Cuff section 122 includes a loop (not shown) at a distal end thereof that passes through retaining hole 123 (see
Once sheet 18 is permitted to move relative to sheath 16, sheath 16 is further advanced into vessel 1000. During the moving of sheath 16, sheet 18 is held in place via the abutment of cuff section 122 against the wall of vessel 1000. Such relative movement results in flexible portion 19 being extracted from within sheath 16 through access hole 21 until flexible portion 19 is fully outside of sheath 16 and within vessel 1000.
As shown in
Tether 37 is attached to sheet 18, see
Upon completion of the procedure, such as catheterization, or before completion if desired, proximal end 43 of tether 37 is pulled to gather distal end 30 of sheet 18 in the puncture site or on the inside of the vessel wall (see
Tethers with different functions (i.e., the retaining tether and tether 37) may have different indicia disposed thereon, such as different colors, so that the user can easily identify the tether with the desired function. Alternatively, tethers with different functions may have different caps attached to the externally exposed ends so that the tether with the desired function can be easily identified. In one illustrative embodiment, the tethers are made of resorbable thread and the tethers can be attached to the sheet 18 by any suitable means. For example, the tethers can be tied to the sheet 18, hooked to the sheet 18 by using hooks, barbs, etc. (e.g., for tethers with attachment points that remain externally exposed when the introducer 10 is inserted into the vessel wall), or woven/sewn into sheet 18 as shown in
In assembly, sheet 18 is infused with anti-inflammatory material and subsequently mounted on sheath 16. The assembled introducer 10 is placed within a kit housing. In one example, the kit housing is sealed plastic with tabs that allow easy separation of opposing sides to open the housing. Once within housing, the introducer 10 is irradiated or otherwise sanitized. The intact housing with the sanitized introducer 10 is transported to a site of use. Introducer 10 is then removed from the housing just prior to use.
While certain embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this disclosure relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the disclosure as defined by the following claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/332,961, filed May 10, 2010, the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61332961 | May 2010 | US |
